51
|
Ding G, Yu J, Chen L, Wang C, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Shi R, Zhang Y, Cui C, Gao Y, Tian Y, Liu F. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and thyroid hormones in cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017. [PMID: 28628864 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has been increasing over the last three decades in China and around the world. Animal studies suggest that PBDEs could reduce blood levels of thyroid hormones, but it is unclear whether PBDEs disrupt thyroid function in humans. We used data from a prospective birth cohort of 123 pregnant women who were enrolled between September 2010 and March 2011 in Shandong, China. We measured the concentrations of eight PBDE congeners (n = 106) and five thyroid hormones (n = 107) in cord serum samples. We examined the relationship between prenatal exposure to PBDEs and thyroid function (n = 90). Median concentrations of BDEs 47, 99, 100, and 153 (detection frequencies > 75%) were 3.96, 8.27, 3.31, and 1.89 ng/g lipid, respectively. A 10-fold increase in BDE-99 and Σ4 PBDEs (the sum of BDEs 47, 99, 100, and 153) concentrations was associated with a 0.41 μg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10 to 0.72) and 0.37 μg/dL (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.68) increase in total thyroxine levels (TT4), respectively. No associations were found between other individual congeners and any of the five thyroid hormones. Our study suggests that prenatal exposure to PBDEs may be associated with higher TT4 in cord blood. Given the inconsistent findings across existing studies, our results need to be confirmed in additional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ding
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caifeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Cui
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease in China CDC, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tian
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Vuong AM, Yolton K, Xie C, Webster GM, Sjödin A, Braun JM, Dietrich KN, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and neurobehavior in children at 8 years. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:677-684. [PMID: 28734254 PMCID: PMC5567986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure has been associated with decrements in IQ and increased attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder related behaviors in children; however, data are limited for the role of postnatal exposures. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between a series of childhood PBDE concentrations and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) and externalizing problems at 8 years. METHODS We used data from 208 children in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort. Child serum PBDEs were measured at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 years; missing serum PBDE concentrations were estimated via multiple imputation. The Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-IV and the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 was used to assess intelligence and externalizing behavior, respectively, in children at 8 years. We used multiple informant models to estimate associations between repeated lipid-adjusted PBDEs and child neurobehavior and to test for windows of susceptibility. RESULTS Postnatal exposure to PBDE congeners (- 28, - 47, - 99, - 100, and - 153) at multiple ages was inversely associated with FSIQ at 8 years. For instance, a 10-fold increase in BDE-153 concentrations at 2, 3, 5, and 8 years were all related to lower FSIQ at age 8 (β for 3 years: - 7.7-points, 95% CI - 12.5, - 2.9; β for 8 years: - 5.6-points, 95% CI - 10.8, - 0.4). Multiple PBDE congeners at 8 years were associated with increased hyperactivity and aggressive behaviors at 8 years. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal PBDE exposure was associated with decrements in FSIQ and increases in hyperactivity and aggressive behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Vuong
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Glenys M Webster
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kim N Dietrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Vuong AM, Yolton K, Poston KL, Xie C, Webster GM, Sjödin A, Braun JM, Dietrich KN, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Prenatal and postnatal polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and measures of inattention and impulsivity in children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 64:20-28. [PMID: 28911831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) during fetal development may be associated with deficits in attention and impulse control. However, studies examining postnatal PBDE exposures and inattention and impulsivity have been inconsistent. Using data from 214 children in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort with enrollment from 2003 to 2006 in the Greater Cincinnati Area, we investigated the relationship of both prenatal and postnatal PBDE exposures with attention and impulse control. Serum PBDEs were measured at 16±3weeks of gestation and during childhood at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8years. We assessed children's attention and impulse control using the Conners' Continuous Performance Test-Second Edition (CPT-II) at 8years. We used multiple informant models to estimate associations of repeated PBDE measures with inattention and impulsivity. There was a pattern of associations between PBDEs and poorer performance on CPT-II measures of attention. For BDE-153, adverse associations extended to exposures at preschool and kindergarten ages; ten-fold increases in exposure were associated with higher omission errors (BDE-153 at 3years: β=4.0 [95% CI: -2.4, 10.5]; at 5years: β=4.6 [95% CI: -2.8, 12.0]; at 8years: β=4.1 [95% CI: -3.4, 11.5]). Longer hit reaction times, indicated by the exponential part of the hit reaction curve, were also observed with 10-fold increases in BDE-153 during the prenatal period and throughout childhood (Prenatal: β=15.0 milliseconds (ms) [95% CI: -15.8, 45.8]; 5years: β=20.6ms [95% CI: -20.8, 61.9]; 8years: β=28.6ms [95% CI: -12.1, 69.4]). Significant impairment in discriminability, as indicated by detectability (d'), between targets and non-targets was also noted with 5 and 8-year PBDE concentrations. Associations between PBDEs and inattention significantly differed by child sex, with males performing more poorly than females with regard to omission errors and measures of reaction times. Collectively, these results do not strongly support that PBDEs are associated with poorer impulse and attention control among 8year old children. However, there may be a possible relationship between prenatal and concurrent PBDEs and inattention, which requires additional research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Vuong
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7035, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kendra L Poston
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Glenys M Webster
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop F-20, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main St, Box G-S121-2, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kim N Dietrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Tang J, Zhai JX. Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in breast milk, cord blood and placentas: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21548-21573. [PMID: 28831660 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been extensively used as flame retardants in consumer products. PBDEs rapidly bioaccumulate in the environment, food, wild animals and humans. In this review, we investigated the harmful effects of PBDEs on humans, especially in early life, and summarised the levels of PBDEs in human biological samples (breast milk, cord blood and placentas). In addition, we described the spatiotemporal distribution of PBDEs in this review. PBDE levels in breast milk, cord blood and placentas were generally higher in North America than in other regions, such as Asia, Europe, Oceania and Africa. However, high levels of PBDEs in human biological samples were detected at e-waste recycling sites in South China, East China and South Korea. This finding suggests that newborns living in e-waste regions are exposed to high levels of PBDEs during prenatal and postnatal periods. The time trends of PBDE concentration differed according to the region. Few studies have investigated PBDE levels in humans from 1967 to 2000, but they increased rapidly after 2000. PBDE concentration peaked at approximately 2006 globally. Compared with other PBDE congeners, BDE-47, BDE-153 and BDE-209 were the major components, but the detection rate of BDE-209 was lower than those of others. Future studies should focus on determining the BDE-209 concentration, which requires the implementation of different analytical approaches. Additionally, the levels of PBDEs in human samples and the environment should be monitored, especially in e-waste recycling regions. Graphical abstract The figures described the spatial distribution of the lowest (Fig. a1) and highest concentration of ∑PBDE (Fig. a2) in different countries by 2006 and described the spatial distribution of the lowest (Fig. b1) and highest concentration of ∑PBDE (Fig. b2) in different countries from 2007 to 2015. All the figures indicated that the levels of PBDEs in North America were substantially higher than those in many regions of Europe, Asia, Oceania, or Africa. Comparing Fig. a1-b1 or Fig. a2-b2, increasing trends were observed in some countries, especially in some regions in China, Korea and Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jin Xia Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Lipscomb ST, McClelland MM, MacDonald M, Cardenas A, Anderson KA, Kile ML. Cross-sectional study of social behaviors in preschool children and exposure to flame retardants. Environ Health 2017; 16:23. [PMID: 28274271 PMCID: PMC5343384 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are exposed to flame retardants from the built environment. Brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE) and organophosphate-based flame retardants (OPFRs) are associated with poorer neurocognitive functioning in children. Less is known, however, about the association between these classes of compounds and children's emotional and social behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine if flame retardant exposure was associated with measurable differences in social behaviors among children ages 3-5 years. METHODS We examined teacher-rated social behaviors measured using the Social Skills Improvement Rating Scale (SSIS) and personal exposure to flame retardants in children aged 3-5 years who attended preschool (n = 72). Silicone passive samplers worn for 7 days were used to assess personal exposure to 41 compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer. These concentrations were then summed into total BDE and total OPFR exposure prior to natural log transformation. Separate generalized additive models were used to evaluate the relationship between seven subscales of the SSIS and lnΣBDE or lnΣOPFR adjusting for other age, sex, adverse social experiences, and family context. RESULTS All children were exposed to a mixture of flame retardant compounds. We observed a dose dependent relationship between lnΣOPFR and two subscales where children with higher exposures were rated by their preschool teachers as having less responsible behavior (p = 0.07) and more externalizing behavior problems (p = 0.03). Additionally, children with higher lnΣBDE exposure were rated by teachers as less assertive (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS We observed a cross-sectional association between children's exposure to flame retardant compounds and teacher-rated social behaviors among preschool-aged children. Children with higher flame retardant exposures exhibited poorer social skills in three domains that play an important role in a child's ability to succeed academically and socially.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan M. McClelland
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 15 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Megan MacDonald
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 15 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | | | - Kim A. Anderson
- Oregon State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Molly L. Kile
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 15 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Human Excretion of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3676089. [PMID: 28373979 PMCID: PMC5360950 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3676089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Commonly used as flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are routinely detected in the environment, animals, and humans. Although these persistent organic pollutants are increasingly recognized as having serious health implications, particularly for children, this is the first study, to our knowledge, to investigate an intervention for human elimination of bioaccumulated PBDEs. Objectives. To determine the efficacy of blood, urine, and perspiration as PBDE biomonitoring mediums; assess excretion of five common PBDE congeners (28, 47, 99, 100, and 153) in urine and perspiration; and explore the potential of induced sweating for decreasing bioaccumulated PBDEs. Results. PBDE congeners were not found in urine samples; findings focus on blood and perspiration. 80% of participants tested positive in one or more body fluids for PBDE 28, 100% for PBDE 47, 95% for PBDE 99, and 90% for PBDE 100 and PBDE 153. Induced perspiration facilitated excretion of the five congeners, with different rates of excretion for different congeners. Conclusion. Blood testing provides only a partial understanding of human PBDE bioaccumulation; testing of both blood and perspiration provides a better understanding. This study provides important baseline evidence for regular induced perspiration as a potential means for therapeutic PBDE elimination. Fetotoxic and reproductive effects of PBDE exposure highlight the importance of further detoxification research.
Collapse
|
57
|
Gao Y, Chen L, Wang C, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Ji L, Shi R, Cui C, Ding G, Jin J, Tian Y. Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and female reproductive function: A study in the production area of Shandong, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:9-15. [PMID: 27485910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used in commercial and household products. Few human studies have examined the effects of PBDE exposure on female reproductive function. We recruited 207 pregnant women when they were admitted for labor from September 2010 to February 2012 as part of a birth cohort study, the Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort study. Maternal sera were analyzed for eight PBDE congeners (BDE-28, -47, -85, -99, -100, -153, -154, and -183) and four sex hormones. BDE-153 exhibited the highest serum level (median 4.67ng/g lipid), followed by BDE-99 (median 3.45ng/g lipid) and BDE-28, -47, and -100 (medians near 2ng/g lipid). BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, and -153 were the most frequently detected (>90%) congeners. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were negatively associated with PBDE exposure. For each natural log unit increase in BDE-47, 100, and ∑5PBDEs, FSH levels changed -1.19IU/L (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.32, -1.02), -1.17IU/L (95%CI: -1.36, -1.01) and -1.26IU/L (95%CI: -1.55, -1.02) respectively. BDE-85, -153, and -183 were associated with adverse reproductive effects, including an increased risk of threatened abortion (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI]: 1.30 [1.03, 1.62], 1.04 [1.01, 1.08], and 1.03 [1.01, 1.06], respectively). BDE-153 was associated with an increased risk of premature birth (adjusted OR [95% CI]:1.05 [1.01, 1.09]), and BDE-28 was associated with longer time to pregnancy (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.34 [1.03, 1.76]). These findings suggest that maternal PBDE exposure may be inversely associated with female reproductive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caifeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Cui
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infection Disease in China CDC, Shanghai, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Wang A, Padula A, Sirota M, Woodruff TJ. Environmental influences on reproductive health: the importance of chemical exposures. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:905-29. [PMID: 27513554 PMCID: PMC5158104 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemical exposures during pregnancy can have a profound and life-long impact on human health. Because of the omnipresence of chemicals in our daily life, there is continuous contact with chemicals in food, water, air, and consumer products. Consequently, human biomonitoring studies show that pregnant women around the globe are exposed to a variety of chemicals. In this review we provide a summary of current data on maternal and fetal exposure, as well as health consequences from these exposures. We review several chemical classes, including polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluoroalkyl substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phenols, phthalates, pesticides, and metals. Additionally, we discuss environmental disparities and vulnerable populations, and future research directions. We conclude by providing some recommendations for prevention of chemical exposure and its adverse reproductive health consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aolin Wang
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Amy Padula
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marina Sirota
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Ju T, Ge W, Jiang T, Chai C. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in dissolved and suspended phases of seawater and in surface sediment from Jiaozhou Bay, North China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 557-558:571-578. [PMID: 27037878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The concentration and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the dissolved phase (DP) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) of seawater and in surface sediment obtained from Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) were determined. The potential sources of these compounds were evaluated. The total concentrations of 14 PBDEs (∑14PBDE) in DP and SPM were 0.09-1.35 and 1.17-5.45ng/L, respectively, indicating that the PBDE congeners are predominantly partitioned into the SPM fraction. The ∑14PBDE concentrations in sediment ranged from 2.18ng/g to 10.59ng/g with a mean value of 6.59ng/g. BDE-209 was dominant among 14 PBDE congeners, and BDE-47 was another abundant congener in the SPM and sediment samples. The PBDE concentration in SPM showed a significantly positive correlation with chlorophyll a level (r(2)=0.496, p<0.05), and that in the sediment exhibited a significantly positive correlation with clay proportion (r(2)=0.846, p<0.01). This result suggests that the phytoplankton or debris in the suspended particulates play an important role in PBDE accumulation and transportation and that PBDEs are preferentially enriched in clays in the sediment. PBDE concentrations were higher in the inner and mouth regions than in the outer and middle regions, and decreased with water depth in the water column. Non-parametric multidimensional scaling ordination showed that BDE-209 and BDE-47 are the important products discriminating PBDE contamination. This result is associated with industrial waste discharge from urban areas and with heavy ship traffic, indicating that DecaBDE and PentaBDE products are the potential sources of PBDEs. PBDE concentrations were lower in the sediment in JZB than in other coastal areas in South China, although the PBDE concentrations in DP were higher than those in some coastal areas worldwide. Moreover, the PBDE concentrations in DP and sediment increased in the last decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ju
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Fisheries Science Academy, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Chai
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Environmental pollutants and child health-A review of recent concerns. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:331-42. [PMID: 27216159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many new studies have evaluated associations between environmental pollutants and child health. This review aims to provide a broad summary of this literature, comparing the state of epidemiological evidence for the effects of a wide range of environmental contaminants (air pollutants, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, perfluoroalkyl substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, pesticides, phthalates and bisphenol A) on child health outcomes. The review addresses effects on foetal growth and prematurity, neurodevelopment, respiratory and immune health, and childhood growth and obesity. Findings of recent prospective studies and meta-analyses have corroborated previous good evidence, often at lower exposure levels, for effects on foetal growth of air pollution and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), for neurotoxic effects of lead, methylmercury, PCBs and organophosphate pesticides, and for respiratory health effects of air pollution. Moderate evidence has emerged for a potential role of environmental pollutants in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism (lead, PCBs, air pollution), respiratory and immune health (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene - DDE - and PCBs), and obesity (DDE). In addition, there is now moderate evidence that certain chemicals of relatively recent concern may be associated with adverse child health outcomes, specifically perfluorooctanoate and foetal growth, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers and neurodevelopment. For other chemicals of recent concern, such as phthalates and bisphenol A, the literature is characterised by large inconsistencies preventing strong conclusions. In conclusion, since most of the recent literature evaluates common exposures in the general population, and not particularly high exposure situations, this accumulating body of evidence suggests that the unborn and young child require more protection than is currently provided. Large, coordinated research efforts are needed to improve understanding of long-term effects of complex chemical mixtures.
Collapse
|
61
|
Ochoa-Martinez AC, Orta-Garcia ST, Rico-Escobar EM, Carrizales-Yañez L, Del Campo JDM, Pruneda-Alvarez LG, Ruiz-Vera T, Gonzalez-Palomo AK, Piña-Lopez IG, Torres-Dosal A, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Exposure Assessment to Environmental Chemicals in Children from Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:657-670. [PMID: 26987540 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the human biomonitoring of susceptible populations is a valuable method for the identification of critical contaminants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the exposure profile for arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in children living in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico (a major manufacturing center in Mexico). In 2012, we evaluated a total of 135 healthy children living in Ciudad Juarez since birth. The total PBDEs levels ranged from nondetectable (< LOD) to 215 ng/g lipid, with a mean total PBDEs level of 29.5 ± 53.0 ng/g lipid (geometric mean ± standard deviation). The mean total PCBs level in the study participants was 29.0 ± 10.5 ng/g lipid (range 4.50-50.0 ng/g lipid). The mean concentration of total DDT (DDT + DDE) was 11.9 ± 6.70 ng/g lipid (range 3.00-26.0 ng/g lipid). The mean 1-OHP levels was 1.2 ± 1.1 µmol/mol creatinine (range <LOD to 3.90 µmol/mol creatinine). Regarding heavy metals levels, the mean urinary As levels was 19.5 ± 3.07 µg/g creatinine, for urinary mercury the levels ranged from <LOD to 11.5 µg/L, with a mean value of 2.10 µg/L, and finally, the mean blood lead level was 4.20 ± 3.80 µg/dL. In conclusion, our data indicate high exposure levels to chemicals analyzed in the children living in the study community. Therefore, a biomonitoring program for the surveillance of the child population in Ciudad Juarez is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Ochoa-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Sandra T Orta-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Edna M Rico-Escobar
- Escuela de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Leticia Carrizales-Yañez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Jorge D Martin Del Campo
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Lucia G Pruneda-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Tania Ruiz-Vera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Ana K Gonzalez-Palomo
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Iris G Piña-Lopez
- Hospital General de Zona con Medicina Familiar No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Arturo Torres-Dosal
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristobal De Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ivan N Pérez-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|