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Ardic FC, Kose S, Solmaz M, Kulacaoglu F, Balcioglu YH, Yıldız E, Elboğa G, Altındağ A, Arslan M, Metehan Çalışkan A, Göktaş D, İnanlı İ, Çalışır S, Eren İ, Unal G, Aricioglu F, Yulaf Y, Gümştaş F, Gökçe S, Yazgan Y, Memiş ÇÖ, Sevincok D, Doğan B, Kutlu A, Çakaloz B, Sevinçok L, Mutu T, Yazici E, Guzel D, Erol A, Aydın N, Aytaç HM, Yılmaz D, Çetinay Aydın P, Yüksel Yalçın G, Canbay C, Terzioğlu M, Özer A. Outstanding Awards Brief Reports. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1467612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Can Ardic
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences University, Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Samet Kose
- University of Texas Medical School of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addictions, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mustafa Solmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences University, Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kulacaoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences University, Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Hasan Balcioglu
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Yıldız
- Department of Psychiatry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Elboğa
- Department of Psychiatry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Arslan
- Department of Psychiatry, Babaeski State Hospital, Kırklareli, Turkey
| | | | - Duygu Göktaş
- Department of Psychiatry, Yozgat City Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - İkbal İnanlı
- Department of Psychiatry, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Saliha Çalışır
- Department of Psychiatry, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Eren
- Department of Psychiatry, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Unal
- Department pf Pharmacology, Erciyes University School of Pharmacy, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Feyza Aricioglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Marmara University School of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yulaf
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda Gümştaş
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Marmara University Education Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sebla Gökçe
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Maltepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yankı Yazgan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Öykü Memiş
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Doğa Sevincok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Bilge Doğan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kutlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Behcet Uz Child Diseases and Neurosurgery Research and Training Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Çakaloz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Levent Sevinçok
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Mutu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Esra Yazici
- Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Derya Guzel
- Department of Physiology, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Atila Erol
- Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Nazan Aydın
- Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Mervan Aytaç
- Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Doğan Yılmaz
- Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Çetinay Aydın
- Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökşen Yüksel Yalçın
- Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cana Canbay
- Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Terzioğlu
- Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Özer
- Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lee JH, Zhang JY, Wei ZZ, Yu SP. Impaired social behaviors and minimized oxytocin signaling of the adult mice deficient in the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor GluN3A subunit. Exp Neurol 2018; 305:1-12. [PMID: 29554474 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), whose unique clinical hallmark is a constellation of impaired social and/or cognitive behaviors. GluN3A (NR3A) is a unique inhibitory subunit in the NMDAR complex. The role of GluN3A in social behavioral activities is obscure. In this study, we sought to evaluate altered social activities in adult GluN3A knockout (KO) mice. GluN3A KO mice spent less time in reciprocal social interaction in the social interaction test compared to wild-type (WT) mice. A social approach test using a three-chamber system confirmed that mice lacking GluN3A had lower sociability and did not exhibit a preference for social novelty. GluN3A KO mice displayed abnormal food preference in the social transmission of food preference task and low social interaction activity in the five-trial social memory test, but without social memory deficits. Using a home cage monitoring system, we observed reduced social grooming behavior in GluN3A KO mice. Signaling genes that might mediate the altered social behaviors were examined in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus. Among nine genes examined, the expression of the oxytocin receptor was significantly lower in the prefrontal cortex of GluN3A KO mice than that in WT mice. Oxytocin treatment rescued social activity deficits in GluN3A KO mice. These findings support a novel idea that a chronic state of moderate increases in NMDAR activities may lead to downregulation of the oxytocin signaling and impaired behavioral activities that are seen in psychiatric/neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - James Ya Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zheng Zachory Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA.
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Nakashima M, Imada H, Shiraishi E, Ito Y, Suzuki N, Miyamoto M, Taniguchi T, Iwashita H. Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor TAK-915 Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments and Social Withdrawal in N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist-Induced Rat Models of Schizophrenia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:179-188. [PMID: 29440309 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been associated with glutamatergic dysfunction. Modulation of the glutamatergic signaling pathway, including N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, can provide a new therapeutic target for schizophrenia. Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) is highly expressed in the forebrain, and is a dual substrate enzyme that hydrolyzes both cAMP and cGMP, which play pivotal roles as intracellular second messengers downstream of NMDA receptors. Here we characterize the in vivo pharmacological profile of a selective and brain-penetrant PDE2A inhibitor, (N-{(1S)-1-[3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-methoxyethyl}-7-methoxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-4(1H)-carboxamide) (TAK-915) as a novel treatment of schizophrenia. Oral administration of TAK-915 at 3 and 10 mg/kg significantly increased cGMP levels in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats. TAK-915 at 10 mg/kg significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid receptor subunit GluR1 in the rat hippocampus. TAK-915 at 3 and 10 mg/kg significantly attenuated episodic memory deficits induced by the NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-MK-801 hydrogen maleate (MK-801) in the rat passive avoidance test. TAK-915 at 10 mg/kg significantly attenuated working memory deficits induced by MK-801 in the rat radial arm maze test. Additionally, TAK-915 at 10 mg/kg prevented subchronic phencyclidine-induced social withdrawal in social interaction in rats. In contrast, TAK-915 did not produce antipsychotic-like activity; TAK-915 had little effect on MK-801- or methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats. These results suggest that TAK-915 has a potential to ameliorate cognitive impairments and social withdrawal in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakashima
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Haruka Imada
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Eri Shiraishi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Maki Miyamoto
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Takahiko Taniguchi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwashita
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
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54
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Zurawek D, Salerno-Kochan A, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M, Nikiforuk A, Kos T, Popik P. Changes in the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in a ketamine-based animal model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 192:423-430. [PMID: 28433499 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) is functionally associated with the NMDA subtype of the glutamate receptor family (NMDA receptors). These two receptors colocalize in brain regions associated with schizophrenia. Although the role of the NMDA receptor in cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia is well studied, information about the role of mGluR5 receptors in schizophrenia is sparse. In our work, we show that subchronic administration of ketamine, a well-studied, non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, caused cognitive deficits in rats as shown by testing novel object recognition (NOR). Moreover, we reveal that subchronic administration of ketamine increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of mGluR5 receptors in regions CA1 and CA3 of the dorsal part of the hippocampus, both of which are strongly associated with the formation of visual memory, which is tested via NOR. We postulate that increased expression of mGluR5 receptors in the dorsal part of the hippocampus may reflect compensatory changes to imbalanced glutamate neurotransmission associated with the hypoactivation of NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Zurawek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 31-343 Krakow, Smetna Street 12, Poland.
| | - Anna Salerno-Kochan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 31-343 Krakow, Smetna Street 12, Poland
| | - Marta Dziedzicka-Wasylewska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 31-343 Krakow, Smetna Street 12, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nikiforuk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, 31-343 Krakow, Smetna Street 12, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kos
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, 31-343 Krakow, Smetna Street 12, Poland
| | - Piotr Popik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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55
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Unal G, Ates A, Aricioglu F. Agmatine-attenuated cognitive and social deficits in subchronic MK-801 model of schizophrenia in rats. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1426696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Unal
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpay Ates
- Department of Psychiatry, GATA Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Aricioglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Barnes SA, Young JW, Markou A, Adham N, Gyertyán I, Kiss B. The Effects of Cariprazine and Aripiprazole on PCP-Induced Deficits on Attention Assessed in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1403-1414. [PMID: 29473089 PMCID: PMC5920008 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Attentional processing deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, likely contributing to the persistent functional and occupational disability observed in patients with schizophrenia. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia is hypothesized to involve dysregulation of NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate transmission, contributing to disruptions in normal dopamine transmission. Preclinical investigations often use NMDA receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine (PCP), to induce cognitive disruptions relevant to schizophrenia. We sought to test the ability of partial dopamine D2/D3 agonists, cariprazine and aripiprazole, to attenuate PCP-induced deficits in attentional performance. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to determine whether systemic administration of cariprazine or aripiprazole attenuated 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) deficits induced by repeated exposure to PCP. METHODS We utilized a repeated PCP-treatment regimen (2 mg/kg, subcutaneous [s.c.], once daily for 5 days) in rats to induce deficits in the 5-CSRTT. Rats were pre-treated with cariprazine (0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg, oral [p.o.]) or aripiprazole (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg, p.o.) to determine whether they prevented PCP-induced deficits in the 5-CSRTT performance. RESULTS PCP treatment increased inappropriate responding in the 5-CSRTT, elevating incorrect, premature, and timeout responses. Cariprazine treatment reduced PCP-induced increases in inappropriate responding. However, at higher doses, cariprazine produced non-specific response suppression, confounding interpretation of the attenuated PCP-induced deficits. Aripiprazole treatment also attenuated PCP-induced deficits; however, unlike cariprazine treatment, aripiprazole reduced correct responding and increased omissions. CONCLUSIONS Cariprazine and aripiprazole both demonstrated potential in attenuating PCP-induced deficits in the 5-CSRTT performance. While both compounds produced non-specific response suppression, these effects were absent when 0.03 mg/kg cariprazine was administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, Room BSB2202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Jared W. Young
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, Room BSB2202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Athina Markou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, Room BSB2202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | | | - István Gyertyán
- MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioral Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary ,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, MTA, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Kiss
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
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Tarland E, Franke RT, Fink H, Pertz HH, Brosda J. Effects of 2-bromoterguride, a dopamine D 2 receptor partial agonist, on cognitive dysfunction and social aversion in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:99-108. [PMID: 28971230 PMCID: PMC5748440 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE 2-Bromoterguride, a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist with antagonist properties at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and α2C-adrenoceptors, meets the prerequisites of a putative atypical antipsychotic drug (APD). We recently showed that 2-bromoterguride is effective in tests of positive symptoms of schizophrenia in rats without inducing extrapyramidal side effects or metabolic changes. OBJECTIVE In continuation of our recent work, we now investigated the effect of 2-bromoterguride on apomorphine and phencyclidine (PCP)-induced disruptions of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response, a measure of sensory gating. In addition, we used subchronic PCP treatment to produce cognitive deficits and social aversion, and assessed the effect of 2-bromoterguride on the performance in the novel object recognition (NOR) task (model for studying cognitive deficit symptoms of schizophrenia) and the social interaction test (model for studying negative symptoms of schizophrenia). Finally, we extended the side effect profile of 2-bromoterguride by measuring the prolactin response to systemic administration of the drug in rats. RESULTS Treatment with 2-bromoterguride (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) reversed PPI deficits induced by apomorphine and PCP, respectively. Subchronic PCP induced impairments in object memory and social interaction behavior which were ameliorated by 2-bromoterguride but not by clozapine and aripiprazole, respectively. Prolactin concentration in blood serum was not elevated at 1, 2, or 4 h post-2-bromoterguride treatment, which further supports the safe and effective use of this drug. CONCLUSIONS Our data support 2-bromoterguride as a promising APD candidate due to its beneficial effect on cognitive impairments and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Tarland
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert T. Franke
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidrun Fink
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz H. Pertz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Brosda
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Bundesamt für Risikobewertung (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Slaney C, Hinchcliffe JK, Robinson ESJ. Translational Shifts in Preclinical Models of Depression: Implications for Biomarkers for Improved Treatments. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2018; 40:169-193. [PMID: 29696602 PMCID: PMC7614182 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2018_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the neurobiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains one of the major challenges in neuroscience. The disease is heterogeneous in nature, and patients present with a varied symptom profile. Studies seeking to identify biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and treatment have not yet found any one candidate which achieves sufficient sensitivity and specificity. In this article, we consider whether neuropsychological impairments, specifically affective biases, could provide a behavioural biomarker. Affective biases are observed when emotional states influence cognitive function. These biases have been shown to influence a number of different cognitive domains with some specific deficits observed in MDD. It has also been possible to use these neuropsychological tests to inform the development of translational tasks for non-human species. The results from studies in rodents suggest that quantification of affective biases is feasible and may provide a reliable method to predict antidepressant efficacy as well as pro-depressant risk. Animal studies suggest that affective state-induced biases in learning and memory operate over a different time course to biases influencing decision-making. The implications for these differences in terms of task validity and future ideas relating to affective biases and MDD are discussed. We also describe our most recent studies which have shown that depression-like phenotypes share a common deficit in reward-related learning and memory which we refer to as a reward-induced positive bias. This deficit is dissociable from more typical measures of hedonic behaviour and motivation for reward and may represent an important and distinct form of reward deficit linked to MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Slaney
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Justyna K Hinchcliffe
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma S J Robinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, UK.
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Swalve N, Mulholland MM, Schulz TD, Li M. Effects of the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia and nicotine on total and categorized ultrasonic vocalizations in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 27:321-30. [PMID: 26479849 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes at a higher rate than the general population. We hypothesized that a factor in this comorbidity is sensitivity to the reinforcing and reinforcement-enhancement effects of nicotine. Phencyclidine (PCP) was used to model behavioral changes resembling negative symptoms of schizophrenia in rats. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in rats have been used to measure emotional states, with 50 kHz USVs indicating positive states and 22 kHz USVs indicating negative states. Total and categorized numbers of 22 and 50 kHz USVs and USVs during a visual stimulus (e.g. a potential measure of reinforcement-enhancement) were examined in rats following injection of PCP (2.0 mg/kg) and/or nicotine (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. PCP was then discontinued and all rats received nicotine (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) and PCP (2.0 mg/kg) on three challenge days. PCP acutely decreased 50 kHz vocalizations, whereas repeated nicotine potentiated rates of vocalizations, with similar patterns during light presentations. Rats in the PCP and nicotine combination groups made more 50 kHz vocalizations compared with rats in the control groups on challenge days. We conclude that PCP may produce a reward deficit, which is shown by decreased 50 kHz USVs, and behaviors post-PCP exposure may best model the comorbidity between schizophrenia and nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natashia Swalve
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Unal G, Aricioglu F. A-582941, cholinergic alpha 7 nicotinic receptor agonist, improved cognitive and negative symptoms of the sub-chronic MK-801 model of schizophrenia in rats. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2017.1379716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Unal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Aricioglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Neves G, Borsoi M, Antonio CB, Pranke MA, Betti AH, Rates SMK. Is Forced Swimming Immobility a Good Endpoint for Modeling Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia? - Study of Sub-Anesthetic Ketamine Repeated Administration Effects. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:1655-1669. [PMID: 28832723 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobility time in the forced swimming has been described as analogous to emotional blunting or apathy and has been used for characterizing schizophrenia animal models. Several clinical studies support the use of NMDA receptor antagonists to model schizophrenia in rodents. Some works describe the effects of ketamine on immobility behavior but there is variability in the experimental design used leading to controversial results. In this study, we evaluated the effects of repeated administration of ketamine sub-anesthetic doses in forced swimming, locomotion in response to novelty and novel object recognition, aiming a broader evaluation of the usefulness of this experimental approach for modeling schizophrenia in mice. Ketamine (30 mg/kg/day i.p. for 14 days) induced a not persistent decrease in immobility time, detected 24h but not 72h after treatment. This same administration protocol induced a deficit in novel object recognition. No change was observed in mice locomotion. Our results confirm that repeated administration of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine is useful in modeling schizophrenia-related behavioral changes in mice. However, the immobility time during forced swimming does not seem to be a good endpoint to evaluate the modeling of negative symptoms in NMDAR antagonist animal models of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Neves
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Milene Borsoi
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila B Antonio
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Pranke
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andresa H Betti
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stela M K Rates
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Szlachta M, Pabian P, Kuśmider M, Solich J, Kolasa M, Żurawek D, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M, Faron-Górecka A. Effect of clozapine on ketamine-induced deficits in attentional set shift task in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2103-2112. [PMID: 28405711 PMCID: PMC5486929 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clozapine (CLZ) is an effective treatment for schizophrenia, producing improvements in both negative symptoms and cognitive impairments. Cognitive impairments can be modelled in animals by ketamine (KET) and assessed using the attentional set-shift task (ASST). OBJECTIVE Our first aim was to determine whether CLZ improves cognitive function and reverses KET-induced cognitive impairments using the ASST. Our second aim was to assess dose dependency of these effects. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that acute as well as sub-chronic administration of KET cause cognitive deficits observed as increase in number of trails and errors to reach the criterion in the EDS phase. CLZ 0.3 mg/kg reversed the effects of both acute and sub-chronic KET, with no effects on locomotor activity. However, clozapine's effect after sub-chronic administration of dose 0.3 mg/kg was not as explicit as in the case of acute treatment. Moreover, administration of 1 mg/kg CLZ to KET-treated mice induced or enhanced deficits in the extra-dimensional shift phase compared to 1 mg/kg CLZ administration to mice not receiving KET. Locomotor activity test showed sedation effects of CLZ 1 mg/kg after acute treatment; therefore, effect of CLZ 1 mg/kg on KET-induced cognitive deficits was not evaluated in the attentional set-shift task (ASST) test. CONCLUSIONS The present findings support dose-dependent effects of CLZ to reverse KET-induced cognitive deficits. The observed dose dependency may be mediated by activation of different receptors, including monomers and/or heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szlachta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Pabian
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Kuśmider
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - J Solich
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Kolasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - D Żurawek
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Dziedzicka-Wasylewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Faron-Górecka
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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63
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McLean SL, Harte MK, Neill JC, Young AM. Dopamine dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex relates to cognitive deficits in the sub-chronic PCP-model for schizophrenia: A preliminary investigation. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:660-666. [PMID: 28441905 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117704988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dopamine dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Sub-chronic phencyclidine (scPCP) treatment produces cognitive impairments in rodents and is a thoroughly validated animal model for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of PFC dopamine in scPCP-induced deficits in a cognitive task of relevance to the disorder, novel object recognition (NOR). METHODS Twelve adult female Lister Hooded rats received scPCP (2 mg/kg) or vehicle via the intraperitoneal route twice daily for 7 days, followed by 7 days washout. In vivo microdialysis was carried out prior to, during and following the NOR task. RESULTS Vehicle rats successfully discriminated between novel and familiar objects and this was accompanied by a significant increase in dopamine in the PFC during the retention trial ( p < 0.01). scPCP produced a significant deficit in NOR ( p < 0.05 vs. control) and no PFC dopamine increase was observed. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate an increase in dopamine during the retention trial in vehicle rats that was not observed in scPCP-treated rats accompanied by cognitive disruption in the scPCP group. This novel finding suggests a mechanism by which cognitive deficits are produced in this animal model and support its use for investigating disorders in which PFC dopamine is central to the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L McLean
- 1 School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Michael K Harte
- 2 Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanna C Neill
- 2 Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Mj Young
- 3 Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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64
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Gökhan N, Neuwirth LS, Meehan EF. The effects of low dose MK-801 administration on NMDAR dependent executive functions in pigeons. Physiol Behav 2017; 173:243-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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65
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Kealy J, Commins S, Lowry JP. The effect of NMDA-R antagonism on simultaneously acquired local field potentials and tissue oxygen levels in the brains of freely-moving rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 116:343-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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66
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Peters SM, Tuffnell JA, Pinter IJ, van der Harst JE, Spruijt BM. Short- and long-term behavioral analysis of social interaction, ultrasonic vocalizations and social motivation in a chronic phencyclidine model. Behav Brain Res 2017; 325:34-43. [PMID: 28235589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phencyclidine (PCP) has been suggested to induce symptoms of schizophrenia. However, animal models using PCP administration have produced ambiguous results thus far. It seems that acute effects are similar to symptoms of schizophrenia, however, it is not clear if PCP can induce permanent behavioral changes that reflect schizophrenic-like symptoms. Therefore, we assessed the ability of chronic PCP administration (3mg/kg, 14 days) to induce short or long lasting behavioral changes in rats. Social behavior, including ultrasonic vocalizations and motivation for social contact were investigated at different time points, up to 29-36 days, after cessation of PCP treatment. During a social separation test, performed at 5 and 36 days, PCP treated rats spent less time near the divider that separates them from their familiar cage mate compared with saline (SAL) treated rats. Further, at short term, PCP was able to induce a decrease in social behavior. In contrast, at long-term, PCP treated animals spent more time in contact when exposed to an unfamiliar partner as compared to SAL treated rats. But, this difference was not observed when exposed to a familiar partner. We did not find any difference in ultrasonic vocalizations at all time points. The results of our study indicate that PCP is unable to induce overt long term deficits in social interaction behavior. Rather, it seems that PCP diminishes motivation for social contact. The long-term consequences of chronic PCP administration on social behavior in rodent models remain complex, and future studies addressing this are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Peters
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Delta Phenomics B.V., Nistelrooisebaan 3, NL-5374 RE Schaijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Joe A Tuffnell
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona J Pinter
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Delta Phenomics B.V., Nistelrooisebaan 3, NL-5374 RE Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Johanneke E van der Harst
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Delta Phenomics B.V., Nistelrooisebaan 3, NL-5374 RE Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Berry M Spruijt
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Prades R, Munarriz-Cuezva E, Urigüen L, Gil-Pisa I, Gómez L, Mendieta L, Royo S, Giralt E, Tarragó T, Meana JJ. The prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor IPR19 ameliorates cognitive deficits in mouse models of schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:180-191. [PMID: 27986355 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are considered a key feature of schizophrenia, and they usually precede the onset of the illness and continue after psychotic symptoms appear. Current antipsychotic drugs have little or no effect on the cognitive deficits of this disorder. Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is an 81-kDa monomeric serine protease that is expressed in brain and other tissues. POP inhibitors have shown neuroprotective, anti-amnesic and cognition-enhancing properties. Here we studied the potential of IPR19, a new POP inhibitor, for the treatment of the cognitive symptoms related to schizophrenia. The efficacy of the inhibitor was evaluated in mouse models based on subchronic phencyclidine and acute dizocilpine administration, and in adult offspring from mothers with immune reaction induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid administration during pregnancy. Acute IPR19 administration (5mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the cognitive performance deficits of the three mouse models in the novel object recognition test, T-maze, and eight-arm radial maze. The compound also ameliorates deficits of the prepulse inhibition response. The in vitro inhibitory efficacy and selectivity, brain penetration and exposure time after injection of IPR19 were also addressed. Our results indicate that the inhibition of POP using IPR19 may offer a promising strategy to develop drugs to ameliorate the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Munarriz-Cuezva
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Leyre Urigüen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Itziar Gil-Pisa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Tarragó
- Iproteos SL, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Javier Meana
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain.
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68
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Koványi B, Csölle C, Calovi S, Hanuska A, Kató E, Köles L, Bhattacharya A, Haller J, Sperlágh B. The role of P2X7 receptors in a rodent PCP-induced schizophrenia model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36680. [PMID: 27824163 PMCID: PMC5099752 DOI: 10.1038/srep36680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) are ligand-gated ion channels sensitive to extracellular ATP. Here we examined for the first time the role of P2X7R in an animal model of schizophrenia. Using the PCP induced schizophrenia model we show that both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of P2X7Rs alleviate schizophrenia-like behavioral alterations. In P2rx7+/+ mice, PCP induced hyperlocomotion, stereotype behavior, ataxia and social withdrawal. In P2X7 receptor deficient mice (P2rx7−/−), the social interactions were increased, whereas the PCP induced hyperlocomotion and stereotype behavior were alleviated. The selective P2X7 receptor antagonist JNJ-47965567 partly replicated the effect of gene deficiency on PCP-induced behavioral changes and counteracted PCP-induced social withdrawal. We also show that PCP treatment upregulates and increases the functional responsiveness of P2X7Rs in the prefrontal cortex of young adult animals. The amplitude of NMDA evoked currents recorded from layer V pyramidal neurons of cortical slices were slightly decreased by both genetic deletion of P2rx7 and by JNJ-47965567. PCP induced alterations in mRNA expression encoding schizophrenia-related genes, such as NR2A, NR2B, neuregulin 1, NR1 and GABA α1 subunit were absent in the PFC of young adult P2rx7−/− animals. Our findings point to P2X7R as a potential therapeutic target in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Koványi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (IEM HAS), H-1450 Budapest, Hungary.,János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cecilia Csölle
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (IEM HAS), H-1450 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Calovi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (IEM HAS), H-1450 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Hanuska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Kató
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Köles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - József Haller
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (IEM HAS), H-1450, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (IEM HAS), H-1450 Budapest, Hungary
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69
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Reynolds GP, Neill JC. Modelling the cognitive and neuropathological features of schizophrenia with phencyclidine. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:1141-1144. [PMID: 27624147 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116667668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, Reynolds and Neill describe the studies that preceded and followed publication of this paper, which reported a deficit in parvalbumin (PV), a calcium-binding protein found in GABA interneurons known to be reduced in schizophrenia patients, in conjunction with a deficit in reversal learning in an animal model for schizophrenia. This publication resulted from common research interests: Reynolds in the neurotransmitter pathology of schizophrenia, and Neill in developing animal models for schizophrenia symptomatology. The animal model, using a sub-chronic dosing regimen (sc) with the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist PCP (phencyclidine), evolved from previous work in rats (for PCP) and primates (for cognition). The hypothesis of a PV deficit came from emerging evidence for a GABAergic dysfunction in schizophrenia, in particular a deficit in PV-containing GABA interneurons. Since this original publication, a PV deficit has been identified in other animal models for schizophrenia, and the PV field has expanded considerably. This includes mechanistic work attempting to identify the link between oxidative stress and GABAergic dysfunction using this scPCP model, and assessment of the potential of the PV neuron as a target for new antipsychotic drugs. The latter has included development of a molecule targeting KV3.1 channels located on PV-containing GABA interneurons which can restore both PV expression and cognitive deficits in the scPCP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Reynolds
- Sheffield Hallam University, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joanna C Neill
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Cox DA, Gottschalk MG, Wesseling H, Ernst A, Cooper JD, Bahn S. Proteomic systems evaluation of the molecular validity of preclinical psychosis models compared to schizophrenia brain pathology. Schizophr Res 2016; 177:98-107. [PMID: 27335180 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological and genetic rodent models of schizophrenia play an important role in the drug discovery pipeline, but quantifying the molecular similarity of such models with the underlying human pathophysiology has proved difficult. We developed a novel systems biology methodology for the direct comparison of anterior prefrontal cortex tissue from four established glutamatergic rodent models and schizophrenia patients, enabling the evaluation of which model displays the greatest similarity to schizophrenia across different pathophysiological characteristics of the disease. Liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSE) proteomic profiling was applied comparing healthy and "disease state" in human post-mortem samples and rodent brain tissue samples derived from models based on acute and chronic phencyclidine (PCP) treatment, ketamine treatment or NMDA receptor knockdown. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed from significant abundance changes and enrichment analyses enabled the identification of five functional domains of the disease such as "development and differentiation", which were represented across all four rodent models and were thus subsequently used for cross-species comparison. Kernel-based machine learning techniques quantified that the chronic PCP model represented schizophrenia brain changes most closely for four of these functional domains. This is the first study aiming to quantify which rodent model recapitulates the neuropathological features of schizophrenia most closely, providing an indication of face validity as well as potential guidance in the refinement of construct and predictive validity. The methodology and findings presented here support recent efforts to overcome translational hurdles of preclinical psychiatric research by associating functional dimensions of behaviour with distinct biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cox
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G Gottschalk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Wesseling
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Ernst
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Jason D Cooper
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom.
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71
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Sahin C, Doostdar N, Neill JC. Towards the development of improved tests for negative symptoms of schizophrenia in a validated animal model. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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72
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A systematic review comparing sex differences in cognitive function in schizophrenia and in rodent models for schizophrenia, implications for improved therapeutic strategies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:979-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Social withdrawal, one of the core negative symptoms of schizophrenia, can be modelled in the social interaction (SI) test in rats using N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glutamate receptor antagonists. We have recently shown that amisulpride, an antipsychotic with a high affinity for serotonin 5-HT7 receptors, reversed ketamine-induced SI deficits in rats. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the potential involvement of 5-HT7 receptors in the prosocial action of amisulpride. Acute administration of amisulpride (3 mg/kg) and SB-269970 (1 mg/kg), a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, reversed ketamine-induced social withdrawal, whereas sulpiride (20 or 30 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg) were ineffective. The 5-HT7 receptor agonist AS19 (10 mg/kg) abolished the prosocial efficacy of amisulpride (3 mg/kg). The coadministration of an inactive dose of SB-269970 (0.2 mg/kg) showed the prosocial effects of inactive doses of amisulpride (1 mg/kg) and sulpiride (20 mg/kg). The anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide (2.5 mg/kg) and the antidepressant fluoxetine (2.5 mg/kg) were ineffective in reversing ketamine-induced SI deficits. The present study suggests that the antagonism of 5-HT7 receptors may contribute towards the mechanisms underlying the prosocial action of amisulpride. These results may have therapeutic implications for the treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia and other disorders characterized by social withdrawal.
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Rahati M, Nozari M, Eslami H, Shabani M, Basiri M. Effects of enriched environment on alterations in the prefrontal cortex GFAP- and S100B-immunopositive astrocytes and behavioral deficits in MK-801-treated rats. Neuroscience 2016; 326:105-116. [PMID: 27063100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of studies have indicated that enriched environment (EE) paradigm provokes plastic and morphological changes in astrocytes with accompanying increments of their density and positively affects the behavior of rodents. We also previously documented that EE could be employed to preclude several behavioral abnormalities, mainly cognitive deficits, attributed to postnatal N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (MK-801) treatment, as a rodent model of schizophrenia (SCH) aspects. Given this, the current study quantitatively investigated the number of cells, presumed to be astrocytes, expressing two astroglia-associated proteins (S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) by immunohistochemistry in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), along with anxiety and passive avoidance (PA) learning behaviors by utilizing elevated plus maze (EPM) and shuttle-box tests, in MK-801-treated male wistar rats submitted to EE and non-EE rats. Following a treatment regime of sub-chronic MK-801 (1.0mg/kg i.p. daily for five consecutive days from postnatal day (P) 6), S-100B-positive cells and anxiety level were markedly increased, while the GFAP-positive cells and PA learning were notably attenuated. The trend of diminished GFAP-immunopositive cells and elevated S100B-immunostained cells in the PFC was reversed in the SCH-like rats by exposure of animals to EE, commencing from birth up to the time of experiments on P28-85. Additionally, EE exhibited an ameliorating effect on the behavioral abnormalities evoked by MK-801. Overall, present findings support that improper astrocyte functioning and behavioral changes, reminiscent of the many facets of SCH, occur consequential to repetitive administration of MK-801 and that raising rat pups in an EE mitigates these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rahati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Nozari
- Department of Physiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - H Eslami
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - M Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Basiri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Cascio MG, Zamberletti E, Marini P, Parolaro D, Pertwee RG. The phytocannabinoid, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabivarin, can act through 5-HT₁A receptors to produce antipsychotic effects. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 172:1305-18. [PMID: 25363799 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aimed to address the questions of whether Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) can (i) enhance activation of 5-HT1 A receptors in vitro and (ii) induce any apparent 5-HT₁A receptor-mediated antipsychotic effects in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro studies investigated the effect of THCV on targeting by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) of 5-HT₁A receptors in membranes obtained from rat brainstem or human 5-HT₁A CHO cells, using [(35)S]-GTPγS and 8-[(3)H]-OH-DPAT binding assays. In vivo studies investigated whether THCV induces signs of 5-HT₁A receptor-mediated antipsychotic effects in rats. KEY RESULTS THCV (i) potently, albeit partially, displaced 8-[(3) H]-OH-DPAT from specific binding sites in rat brainstem membranes; (ii) at 100 nM, significantly enhanced 8-OH-DPAT-induced activation of receptors in these membranes; (iii) produced concentration-related increases in 8-[(3)H]-OH-DPAT binding to specific sites in membranes of human 5-HT₁A receptor-transfected CHO cells; and (iv) at 100 nM, significantly enhanced 8-OH-DPAT-induced activation of these human 5-HT₁A receptors. In phencyclidine-treated rats, THCV, like clozapine (i) reduced stereotyped behaviour; (ii) decreased time spent immobile in the forced swim test; and (iii) normalized hyperlocomotor activity, social behaviour and cognitive performance. Some of these effects were counteracted by the 5-HT₁A receptor antagonist, WAY100635, or could be reproduced by the CB₁ antagonist, AM251. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that THCV can enhance 5-HT₁A receptor activation, and that some of its apparent antipsychotic effects may depend on this enhancement. We conclude that THCV has therapeutic potential for ameliorating some of the negative, cognitive and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Cascio
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Hayward A, Tomlinson A, Neill JC. Low attentive and high impulsive rats: A translational animal model of ADHD and disorders of attention and impulse control. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 158:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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The effects of a 5-HT5A receptor antagonist in a ketamine-based rat model of cognitive dysfunction and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:351-360. [PMID: 26826431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) receptors still represent promising targets for the development of novel multireceptor or stand-alone antipsychotic drugs with a potential to ameliorate cognitive impairments and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The 5-HT5A receptor, one of the least known members of the serotonin receptor family, has also drawn attention in this regard. Although the antipsychotic efficacy of 5-HT5A antagonists is still equivocal, recent experimental data suggest the cognitive-enhancing activity of this strategy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pro-cognitive and pro-social efficacies of the 5-HT5A receptor antagonist in a rat pharmacological model of schizophrenia employing the administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine. The ability of SB-699551 to reverse ketamine-induced cognitive deficits in the attentional set-shifting task (ASST) and novel object recognition task (NORT) was examined. The compound's efficacy against ketamine-induced social withdrawal was assessed in the social interaction test (SIT) and in the social choice test (SCT). The results demonstrated the efficacy of SB-699551 in ameliorating ketamine-induced impairments on the ASST and NORT. Moreover, the tested compound also enhanced set-shifting performance in cognitively unimpaired control rats and improved object recognition memory in conditions of delay-induced natural forgetting. The pro-social activity of SB-699551 was demonstrated on both employed paradigms, the SIT and SCT. The present study suggests the preclinical efficacy of a strategy based on the blockade of 5-HT5A receptors against schizophrenia-like cognitive deficits and negative symptoms. The utility of this receptor as a target for improvement of cognitive and social dysfunctions warrants further studies.
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Palomba A, Lodovighi MA, Belzeaux R, Adida M, Azorin JM. [Use of antidepressants in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia]. Encephale 2016; 41:6S36-40. [PMID: 26776391 DOI: 10.1016/s0013-7006(16)30009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms account for a clinical dimension of schizophrenia. They are partly the cause of functional disability of this disease. Clinical experience shows that antipsychotics have little or no effect on these symptoms. The aim of this review is to gather existing data on the treatment of negative symptoms with antidepressants. The combination of antipsychotics with antidepressants is a therapeutic strategy commonly used for the treatment of these symptoms. The pro-dopaminergic effects of antidepressants explain their effectiveness on negative symptoms. There are many comparative, randomized, controlled studies evaluating the efficacy of antidepressant associated with antipsychotic for the treatment of negative symptoms. Furthermore three meta-analyses have been conducted. The overall results suggest that the use of antidepressants may contribute to clinical improvement of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The limitations of these studies are the small number of patients included and the definition and assessment of negative symptoms. The existing scales are not sufficiently discriminating. Further research using new measurement tools should help refine these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Palomba
- SHU Psychiatrie adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 9, France.
| | - M-A Lodovighi
- SHU Psychiatrie adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - R Belzeaux
- SHU Psychiatrie adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - M Adida
- SHU Psychiatrie adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - J-M Azorin
- SHU Psychiatrie adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 9, France
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Abstract
Over the past 60 years, a large number of selective neurotoxins were discovered and developed, making it possible to animal-model a broad range of human neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this paper, we highlight those neurotoxins that are most commonly used as neuroteratologic agents, to either produce lifelong destruction of neurons of a particular phenotype, or a group of neurons linked by a specific class of transporter proteins (i.e., dopamine transporter) or body of receptors for a specific neurotransmitter (i.e., NMDA class of glutamate receptors). Actions of a range of neurotoxins are described: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 6-hydroxydopa, DSP-4, MPTP, methamphetamine, IgG-saporin, domoate, NMDA receptor antagonists, and valproate. Their neuroteratologic features are outlined, as well as those of nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and that of stress. The value of each of these neurotoxins in animal modeling of human neurologic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed in terms of the respective value as well as limitations of the derived animal model. Neuroteratologic agents have proven to be of immense importance for understanding how associated neural systems in human neural disorders may be better targeted by new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, 430 50, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Richard M Kostrzewa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70577, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
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80
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Potentiation of M1 Muscarinic Receptor Reverses Plasticity Deficits and Negative and Cognitive Symptoms in a Schizophrenia Mouse Model. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:598-610. [PMID: 26108886 PMCID: PMC5130135 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients exhibit deficits in signaling of the M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and also display impaired cortical long-term depression (LTD). We report that selective activation of the M1 mAChR subtype induces LTD in PFC and that this response is completely lost after repeated administration of phencyclidine (PCP), a mouse model of schizophrenia. Furthermore, discovery of a novel, systemically active M1 positive allosteric modulator (PAM), VU0453595, allowed us to evaluate the impact of selective potentiation of M1 on induction of LTD and behavioral deficits in PCP-treated mice. Interestingly, VU0453595 fully restored impaired LTD as well as deficits in cognitive function and social interaction in these mice. These results provide critical new insights into synaptic changes that may contribute to behavioral deficits in this mouse model and support a role for selective M1 PAMs as a novel approach for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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81
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Grayson B, Barnes SA, Markou A, Piercy C, Podda G, Neill JC. Postnatal Phencyclidine (PCP) as a Neurodevelopmental Animal Model of Schizophrenia Pathophysiology and Symptomatology: A Review. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2016; 29:403-428. [PMID: 26510740 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2015_403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia remain an unmet clinical need. Therefore, it is essential that new treatments and approaches are developed to recover the cognitive and social impairments that are seen in patients with schizophrenia. These may only be discovered through the use of carefully validated, aetiologically relevant and translational animal models. With recent renewed interest in the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, postnatal administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP) has been proposed as a model that can mimic aspects of schizophrenia pathophysiology. The purpose of the current review is to examine the validity of this model and compare it with the adult subchronic PCP model. We review the ability of postnatal PCP administration to produce behaviours (specifically cognitive deficits) and neuropathology of relevance to schizophrenia and their subsequent reversal by pharmacological treatments. We review studies investigating effects of postnatal PCP on cognitive domains in schizophrenia in rats. Morris water maze and delayed spontaneous alternation tasks have been used for working memory, attentional set-shifting for executive function, social novelty discrimination for selective attention and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle for sensorimotor gating. In addition, we review studies on locomotor activity and neuropathology. We also include two studies using dual hit models incorporating postnatal PCP and two studies on social behaviour deficits following postnatal PCP. Overall, the evidence we provide supports the use of postnatal PCP to model cognitive and neuropathological disturbances of relevance to schizophrenia. To date, there is a lack of evidence to support a significant advantage of postnatal PCP over the adult subchronic PCP model and full advantage has not been taken of its neurodevelopmental component. When thoroughly characterised, it is likely that it will provide a useful neurodevelopmental model to complement other models such as maternal immune activation, particularly when combined with other manipulations to produce dual or triple hit models. However, the developmental trajectory of behavioural and neuropathological changes induced by postnatal PCP and their relevance to schizophrenia must be carefully mapped out. Overall, we support further development of dual (or triple) hit models incorporating genetic, neurodevelopmental and appropriate environmental elements in the search for more aetiologically valid animal models of schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Grayson
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - S A Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0603, USA
| | - A Markou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0603, USA
| | - C Piercy
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - G Podda
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - J C Neill
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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82
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Neill JC, Grayson B, Kiss B, Gyertyán I, Ferguson P, Adham N. Effects of cariprazine, a novel antipsychotic, on cognitive deficit and negative symptoms in a rodent model of schizophrenia symptomatology. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:3-14. [PMID: 26655189 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms and cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia are strongly associated with poor functional outcome and reduced quality of life and remain an unmet clinical need. Cariprazine is a dopamine D3/D2 receptor partial agonist with preferential binding to D3 receptors, recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of cariprazine in an animal model of cognitive deficit and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Following sub-chronic PCP administration (2mg/kg, IP for 7 days followed by 7 days drug-free), female Lister Hooded rats were administered cariprazine (0.05, 0.1, or 0.25mg/kg, PO) or risperidone (0.16 or 0.1mg/kg, IP) before testing in novel object recognition (NOR), reversal learning (RL), and social interaction (SI) paradigms. As we have consistently demonstrated, sub-chronic PCP significantly impaired behavior in these tests. Deficits were significantly improved by cariprazine, in a dose dependent manner in the operant RL test with efficacy at lower doses in the NOR and SI tests. Locomotor activity was reduced at the highest doses of 0.1mg/kg and 0.25mg/kg in NOR and SI. Risperidone also reversed the PCP-induced deficit in all tests. In conclusion, cariprazine was effective to overcome PCP-induced deficits in cognition and social behavior in a thoroughly validated rat model in tests representing specific symptom domains in schizophrenia patients. These findings support very recent results showing efficacy of cariprazine in the treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo C Neill
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ben Grayson
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Béla Kiss
- Pharmacological and Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Gyertyán
- Pharmacological and Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul Ferguson
- Prescott Medical Communications Group, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nika Adham
- Forest Research Institute, an Allergan Affiliate, Jersey City, NJ, USA
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83
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Barnes SA, Young JW, Bate ST, Neill JC. Dopamine D1 receptor activation improves PCP-induced performance disruption in the 5C-CPT by reducing inappropriate responding. Behav Brain Res 2015; 300:45-55. [PMID: 26658514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Attentional deficits contribute significantly to the functional disability of schizophrenia patients. The 5-choice continuous performance test (5C-CPT) measures attention in mice, rats, and humans, requiring the discrimination of trial types that either require a response or the inhibition of a response. The 5C-CPT, one version of human continuous performance tests (CPT), enables attentional testing in rodents in a manner consistent with humans. Augmenting the prefrontal cortical dopaminergic system has been proposed as a therapeutic target to attenuate the cognitive disturbances associated with schizophrenia. Using translational behavioural tasks in conjunction with inducing conditions relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology enable the assessment of pro-attentive properties of compounds that augment dopaminergic activity. Here, using a repeated phencyclidine (PCP) treatment regimen and the 5C-CPT paradigm, we assess the pro-attentive properties of SKF 38393, a dopamine D1 receptor agonist, in rats. We show that repeated PCP treatment induces robust deficits in 5C-CPT performance indicative of impaired attention. Pre-treatment with SKF 38393 partially attenuates the PCP-induced deficits in 5C-CPT performance by reducing false alarm responding and increasing response accuracy. Impaired target detection was still evident in SKF 38393-treated rats however. Thus, augmentation of the dopamine D1 system improves PCP-induces deficits in 5C-CPT performance by selectively reducing aspects of inappropriate responding. These findings provide evidence to support the hypothesis that novel therapies targeting the dopamine D1 receptor system could improve aspects of attentional deficits in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - J W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, USA; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - S T Bate
- Statistical Sciences Europe, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - J C Neill
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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84
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Huang M, Kwon S, Oyamada Y, Rajagopal L, Miyauchi M, Meltzer HY. Dopamine D3 receptor antagonism contributes to blonanserin-induced cortical dopamine and acetylcholine efflux and cognitive improvement. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 138:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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85
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PCP-based mice models of schizophrenia: differential behavioral, neurochemical and cellular effects of acute and subchronic treatments. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:4085-97. [PMID: 25943167 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) hypofunction has been proposed to account for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Thus, NMDA-R blockade has been used to model schizophrenia in experimental animals. Acute and repeated treatments have been successfully tested; however, long-term exposure to NMDA-R antagonists more likely resembles the core symptoms of the illness. OBJECTIVES To explore whether schizophrenia-related behaviors are differentially induced by acute and subchronic phencyclidine (PCP) treatment in mice and to examine the neurobiological bases of these differences. RESULTS Subchronic PCP induced a sensitization of acute locomotor effects. Spontaneous alternation in a T-maze and novel object recognition performance were impaired after subchronic but not acute PCP, suggesting a deficit in working memory. On the contrary, reversal learning and immobility in the tail suspension test were unaffected. Subchronic PCP significantly reduced basal dopamine but not serotonin output in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and markedly decreased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the ventral tegmental area. Finally, acute and subchronic PCP treatments evoked a different pattern of c-fos expression. At 1 h post-treatment, acute PCP increased c-fos expression in many cortical regions, striatum, thalamus, hippocampus, and dorsal raphe. However, the increased c-fos expression produced by subchronic PCP was restricted to the retrosplenial cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, and supramammillary nucleus. Four days after the last PCP injection, c-fos expression was still increased in the hippocampus of subchronic PCP-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Acute and subchronic PCP administration differently affects neuronal activity in brain regions relevant to schizophrenia, which could account for their different behavioral effects.
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86
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McAllister KAL, Mar AC, Theobald DE, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ. Comparing the effects of subchronic phencyclidine and medial prefrontal cortex dysfunction on cognitive tests relevant to schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015. [PMID: 26194915 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE It is becoming increasingly clear that the development of treatments for cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia requires urgent attention, and that valid animal models of relevant impairments are required. With subchronic psychotomimetic agent phencyclidine (scPCP), a putative model of such impairment, the extent to which changes following scPCP do or do not resemble those following dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex is of importance. OBJECTIVES The present study carried out a comparison of the most common scPCP dosing regimen with excitotoxin-induced medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dysfunction in rats, across several cognitive tests relevant to schizophrenia. METHODS ScPCP subjects were dosed intraperitoneal with 5 mg/kg PCP or vehicle twice daily for 1 week followed by 1 week washout prior to behavioural testing. mPFC dysfunction was induced via fibre-sparing excitotoxin infused into the pre-limbic and infralimbic cortex. Subjects were tested on spontaneous novel object recognition, touchscreen object-location paired-associates learning and touchscreen reversal learning. RESULTS A double-dissociation was observed between object-location paired-associates learning and object recognition: mPFC dysfunction impaired acquisition of the object-location task but not spontaneous novel object recognition, while scPCP impaired spontaneous novel object recognition but not object-location associative learning. Both scPCP and mPFC dysfunction resulted in a similar facilitation of reversal learning. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of impairment following scPCP raises questions around its efficacy as a model of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, particularly if importance is placed on faithfully replicating the effects of mPFC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A L McAllister
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK. .,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK. .,, 20 Manchester Sq., London, W1U 3PZ, UK.
| | - A C Mar
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - D E Theobald
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - L M Saksida
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - T J Bussey
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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87
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Tsapakis EM, Dimopoulou T, Tarazi FI. Clinical management of negative symptoms of schizophrenia: An update. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 153:135-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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88
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McLean SL, Grayson B, Marsh S, Zarroug SHO, Harte MK, Neill JC. Nicotinic α7 and α4β2 agonists enhance the formation and retrieval of recognition memory: Potential mechanisms for cognitive performance enhancement in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Behav Brain Res 2015; 302:73-80. [PMID: 26327238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic dysfunction has been shown to be central to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and has also been postulated to contribute to cognitive dysfunction observed in various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Deficits are found across a number of cognitive domains and in spite of several attempts to develop new therapies, these remain an unmet clinical need. In the current study we investigated the efficacy of donepezil, risperidone and selective nicotinic α7 and α4β2 receptor agonists to reverse a delay-induced deficit in recognition memory. Adult female Hooded Lister rats received drug treatments and were tested in the novel object recognition (NOR) task following a 6h inter-trial interval (ITI). In all treatment groups, there was no preference for the left or right identical objects in the acquisition trial. Risperidone failed to enhance recognition memory in this paradigm whereas donepezil was effective such that rats discriminated between the novel and familiar object in the retention trial following a 6h ITI. Although a narrow dose range of PNU-282987 and RJR-2403 was tested, only one dose of each increased recognition memory, the highest dose of PNU-282987 (10mg/kg) and the lowest dose of RJR-2403 (0.1mg/kg), indicative of enhanced cognitive performance. Interestingly, these compounds were also efficacious when administered either before the acquisition or the retention trial of the task, suggesting an important role for nicotinic receptor subtypes in the formation and retrieval of recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L McLean
- Bradford School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Ben Grayson
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Samuel Marsh
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Samah H O Zarroug
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Michael K Harte
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jo C Neill
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, M13 9PT, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for treatment refractory people with schizophrenia, yet many patients only partially respond. Accumulating preclinical and clinical data suggest benefits with minocycline. We tested adjunct minocycline to clozapine in a 10-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Primary outcomes tested were positive, and cognitive symptoms, while avolition, anxiety/depression, and negative symptoms were secondary outcomes. METHODS Schizophrenia and schizoaffective participants (n = 52) with persistent positive symptoms were randomized to receive adjunct minocycline (100 mg oral capsule twice daily; n = 29) or placebo (n = 23). RESULTS Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) psychosis factor (P = 0.098; effect size [ES], 0.39) and BPRS total score (P = 0.075; ES, 0.55) were not significant. A change in total BPRS symptoms of more than or equal to 30% was observed in 7 (25%) of 28 among minocycline and 1 (4%) of 23 among placebo participants, respectively (P = 0.044). Global cognitive function (MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery) did not differ, although there was a significant variation in size of treatment effects among cognitive domains (P = 0.03), with significant improvement in working memory favoring minocycline (P = 0.023; ES, 0.41). The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms total score did not differ, but significant improvement in avolition with minocycline was noted (P = 0.012; ES, 0.34). Significant improvement in the BPRS anxiety/depression factor was observed with minocycline (P = 0.028; ES, 0.49). Minocycline was well tolerated with significantly fewer headaches and constipation compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Minocycline's effect on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery composite score and positive symptoms were not statistically significant. Significant improvements with minocycline were seen in working memory, avolition, and anxiety/depressive symptoms in a chronic population with persistent symptoms. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings.
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90
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Wesseling H, Want EJ, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Holmes E, Bahn S. Hippocampal Proteomic and Metabonomic Abnormalities in Neurotransmission, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptotic Pathways in a Chronic Phencyclidine Rat Model. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3174-87. [PMID: 26043028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the world's population. Due to both a broad range of symptoms and disease heterogeneity, current therapeutic approaches to treat schizophrenia fail to address all symptomatic manifestations of the disease. Therefore, disease models that reproduce core pathological features of schizophrenia are needed for the elucidation of pathological disease mechanisms. Here, we employ a comprehensive global label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry proteomic (LC-MS(E)) and metabonomic (LC-MS) profiling analysis combined with the targeted proteomics (selected reaction monitoring and multiplex immunoassay) of serum and brain tissues to investigate a chronic phencyclidine (PCP) rat model in which glutamatergic hypofunction is induced through noncompetitive NMDAR-receptor antagonism. Using a multiplex immunoassay, we identified alterations in the levels of several cytokines (IL-5, IL-2, and IL-1β) and fibroblast growth factor-2. Extensive proteomic and metabonomic brain tissue profiling revealed a more prominent effect of chronic PCP treatment on both the hippocampal proteome and metabonome compared to the effect on the frontal cortex. Bioinformatic pathway analysis confirmed prominent abnormalities in NMDA-receptor-associated pathways in both brain regions, as well as alterations in other neurotransmitter systems such as kainate, AMPA, and GABAergic signaling in the hippocampus and in proteins associated with neurodegeneration. We further identified abundance changes in the level of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SODC) in both the frontal cortex and hippocampus, which indicates alterations in oxidative stress and substantiates the apoptotic pathway alterations. The present study could lead to an increased understanding of how perturbed glutamate receptor signaling affects other relevant biological pathways in schizophrenia and, therefore, support drug discovery efforts for the improved treatment of patients suffering from this debilitating psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Wesseling
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K
| | - Elizabeth J Want
- ‡Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Paul C Guest
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K
| | - Elaine Holmes
- ‡Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Sabine Bahn
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K.,§Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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91
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Shorter KR, Miller BH. Epigenetic mechanisms in schizophrenia. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 118:1-7. [PMID: 25958205 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, have been implicated in a number of complex diseases. Schizophrenia and other major psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with abnormalities in multiple epigenetic mechanisms, resulting in altered gene expression during development and adulthood. Polymorphisms and copy number variants in schizophrenia risk genes contribute to the high heritability of the disease, but environmental factors that lead to epigenetic modifications may either reduce or exacerbate the expression of molecular and behavioral phenotypes associated with schizophrenia and related disorders. In the present paper, we will review the current understanding of molecular dysregulation in schizophrenia, including disruption of the dopamine, NMDA, and GABA signaling pathways, and discuss the role of epigenetic factors underlying disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Shorter
- McKnight Brain Institute and Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Brooke H Miller
- McKnight Brain Institute and Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA.
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92
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Ghoshal A, Conn PJ. The hippocampo-prefrontal pathway: a possible therapeutic target for negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2015; 10:115-128. [PMID: 25825588 DOI: 10.2217/fnl.14.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampo-prefrontal (H-PFC) pathway has been linked to cognitive and emotional disturbances in several psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Preclinical evidence from the NMDA receptor antagonism rodent model of schizophrenia shows severe pathology selective to the H-PFC pathway. It is speculated that there is an increased excitatory drive from the hippocampus to the prefrontal cortex due to dysfunctions in the H-PFC plasticity, which may serve as the basis for the behavioral consequences observed in this rodent model. Thus, the H-PFC pathway is currently emerging as a promising therapeutic target for the negative and cognitive symptom clusters of schizophrenia. Here, we have reviewed the physiological, pharmacological and functional characteristics of the H-PFC pathway and we propose that allosteric activation of glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission can serve as a plausible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Ghoshal
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 0697, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 0697, USA
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93
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Disruption of medial prefrontal synchrony in the subchronic phencyclidine model of schizophrenia in rats. Neuroscience 2014; 287:157-63. [PMID: 25542422 PMCID: PMC4317768 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Subchronic PCP pretreatment reduced theta oscillations in medial prefrontal cortex. Subchronic PCP pretreatment produced abnormal cortical synchronization in putative cortical pyramidal cells. Subchronic PCP pretreatment produced abnormal locking of cortical spikes to lower oscillation frequencies.
Subchronic treatment with the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) produces behavioral abnormalities in rodents which are considered a reliable pharmacological model of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Alterations in prefrontal neuronal firing after acute PCP administration have been observed, however enduring changes in prefrontal activity after subchronic PCP treatment have not been studied. To address this we have recorded cortical oscillations and unit responses in putative cortical pyramidal cells in subchronic PCP-treated rats (2 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days) under urethane anesthesia. We found that this regimen reduced theta oscillations in the medial prefrontal cortex. It further produced abnormal cortical synchronization in putative cortical pyramidal cells. These alterations in prefrontal cortex functioning may contribute to cognitive deficits seen in subchronic NMDA antagonist pre-treated animals in prefrontal-dependent tasks.
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94
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Mihara T, Siegel SJ. [Ketamine alters socially-evoked activity in the amygdala]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2014; 144:272-276. [PMID: 25492362 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.144.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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95
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Fang Y, Iu CYY, Lui CNP, Zou Y, Fung CKM, Li HW, Xi N, Yung KKL, Lai KWC. Investigating dynamic structural and mechanical changes of neuroblastoma cells associated with glutamate-mediated neurodegeneration. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7074. [PMID: 25399549 PMCID: PMC4233341 DOI: 10.1038/srep07074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated neurodegeneration resulting from excessive activation of glutamate receptors is recognized as one of the major causes of various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms in the neurodegenerative process remain unidentified. Here, we investigate the real-time dynamic structural and mechanical changes associated with the neurodegeneration induced by the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (a subtype of glutamate receptors) at the nanoscale. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is employed to measure the three-dimensional (3-D) topography and mechanical properties of live SH-SY5Y cells under stimulus of NMDA receptors. A significant increase in surface roughness and stiffness of the cell is observed after NMDA treatment, which indicates the time-dependent neuronal cell behavior under NMDA-mediated neurodegeneration. The present AFM based study further advance our understanding of the neurodegenerative process to elucidate the pathways and mechanisms that govern NMDA induced neurodegeneration, so as to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Fang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Cathy N. P. Lui
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yukai Zou
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Hung Wing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Xi
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Ken K. L. Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - King W. C. Lai
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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96
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Barnes SA, Sawiak SJ, Caprioli D, Jupp B, Buonincontri G, Mar AC, Harte MK, Fletcher PC, Robbins TW, Neill JC, Dalley JW. Impaired limbic cortico-striatal structure and sustained visual attention in a rodent model of schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 18:pyu010. [PMID: 25552430 PMCID: PMC4368881 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Accordingly, NMDAR antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP) are used widely in experimental animals to model cognitive impairment associated with this disorder. However, it is unclear whether PCP disrupts the structural integrity of brain areas relevant to the profile of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. METHODS Here we used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry to investigate structural alterations associated with sub-chronic PCP treatment in rats. RESULTS Sub-chronic exposure of rats to PCP (5mg/kg twice daily for 7 days) impaired sustained visual attention on a 5-choice serial reaction time task, notably when the attentional load was increased. In contrast, sub-chronic PCP had no significant effect on the attentional filtering of a pre-pulse auditory stimulus in an acoustic startle paradigm. Voxel-based morphometry revealed significantly reduced grey matter density bilaterally in the hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum, and amygdala. PCP-treated rats also exhibited reduced cortical thickness in the insular cortex. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that sub-chronic NMDA receptor antagonism is sufficient to produce highly-localized morphological abnormalities in brain areas implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Furthermore, PCP exposure resulted in dissociable impairments in attentional function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Stephen J Sawiak
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Guido Buonincontri
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Adam C Mar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Michael K Harte
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Paul C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Jo C Neill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill).
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97
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McKibben CE, Reynolds GP, Jenkins TA. Analysis of sociability and preference for social novelty in the acute and subchronic phencyclidine rat. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:955-63. [PMID: 25122039 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114544778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both acute and sub-chronic phencyclidine administration produce behavioural and pathophysiological changes that resemble some features of schizophrenia. The present study aimed to determine if acute and sub-chronic phencyclidine treatment in male rats produces deficits in sociability and social novelty preference, which may reflect aspects of the negative symptomatology observed in schizophrenia. Rats were treated with phencyclidine acutely (2 or 5 mg/kg) or subchronically (2 or 5 mg/kg bi-daily for one week followed by a one week wash-out period) or vehicle. Social affiliative behaviour was assessed using the sociability and preference for social novelty paradigm where social interaction time was measured in (a) a chamber containing an unfamiliar conspecific vs an empty chamber (sociability), or (b) a chamber containing an unfamiliar conspecific vs a chamber containing a familiar conspecific (preference for social novelty). Results showed that acute administration of phencyclidine produced a reduction in measures of sociability but had no effect on preference for social novelty while sub-chronic administration of phencyclidine had no effect on sociability or social novelty. This study provides further evidence for the usefulness of phencyclidine models in modelling the symptomatology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E McKibben
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Trisha A Jenkins
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK School of Medical Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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98
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Millan MJ, Fone K, Steckler T, Horan WP. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: clinical characteristics, pathophysiological substrates, experimental models and prospects for improved treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:645-92. [PMID: 24820238 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex and multifactorial disorder generally diagnosed in young adults at the time of the first psychotic episode of delusions and hallucinations. These positive symptoms can be controlled in most patients by currently-available antipsychotics. Conversely, they are poorly effective against concomitant neurocognitive dysfunction, deficits in social cognition and negative symptoms (NS), which strongly contribute to poor functional outcome. The precise notion of NS has evolved over the past century, with recent studies - underpinned by novel rating methods - suggesting two major sub-domains: "decreased emotional expression", incorporating blunted affect and poverty of speech, and "avolition", which embraces amotivation, asociality and "anhedonia" (inability to anticipate pleasure). Recent studies implicate a dysfunction of frontocortico-temporal networks in the aetiology of NS, together with a disruption of cortico-striatal circuits, though other structures are also involved, like the insular and parietal cortices, amygdala and thalamus. At the cellular level, a disruption of GABAergic-glutamatergic balance, dopaminergic signalling and, possibly, oxytocinergic and cannibinoidergic transmission may be involved. Several agents are currently under clinical investigation for the potentially improved control of NS, including oxytocin itself, N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor modulators and minocycline. Further, magnetic-electrical "stimulation" strategies to recruit cortical circuits and "cognitive-behavioural-psychosocial" therapies likewise hold promise. To acquire novel insights into the causes and treatment of NS, experimental study is crucial, and opportunities are emerging for improved genetic, pharmacological and developmental modelling, together with more refined readouts related to deficits in reward, sociality and "expression". The present article comprises an integrative overview of the above issues as a platform for this Special Issue of European Neuropsychopharmacology in which five clinical and five preclinical articles treat individual themes in greater detail. This Volume provides, then, a framework for progress in the understanding - and ultimately control - of the debilitating NS of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Pole of Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, Paris, France.
| | - Kevin Fone
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen׳s Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG72UH, UK
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - William P Horan
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, MIRECC 210A, Bldg. 210, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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