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Chan CK, Lin TC, Huang YA, Chen YS, Wu CL, Lo HY, Kuo ML, Wu KH, Huang JL. The modulation of Th2 immune pathway in the immunosuppressive effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in a murine asthmatic model. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:795-801. [PMID: 27384607 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that has a high prevalence nowadays, and seeking the means of relieving asthmatic symptoms is now an issue with increased importance. While mesenchymal stem cells have been demonstrated to display immunomodulatory effects, the effect of fetus-type mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on asthmatic symptoms in vivo have not been reported to date. METHODS Female BALB/c mice at 8 weeks of age were sensitized by ovalbumin, and MSCs derived from Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) were injected into the asthmatic mice. Airway hyper-responsiveness, lung eosinophil infiltration, cytokine level in splenocyte cultures and serum immunoglobulin level were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine cytokine and immunoglobulin levels. RESULTS This current study demonstrated that hUCMSCs attenuated both lung lymphocyte and eosinophil infiltration, and significantly decreased the concentration of Th2 cytokines interleukin-5 in splenocyte cultures. CONCLUSIONS Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have the advantage of being easily harvested non-invasively and are capable of rapid proliferation, therefore an ideal material for stem cell-based immune therapies. The current study showed that fetal-type MSCs were able to suppress asthmatic symptoms efficiently, and its immunomodulatory effect resulted primarily from suppressing the Th2 pathway in the animal model. This study suggested that hUCMSCs could be an ideal candidate for cell-based therapies of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Kan Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Lin
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No. 5, Fu-Hsin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-An Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Shan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Yu Lo
- Department of Gynaecology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No. 5, Fu-Hsin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hsi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University and Hospitals, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No. 5, Fu-Hsin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Park KJ, Ryoo SB, Kim JS, Kim TI, Baik SH, Kim HJ, Lee KY, Kim M, Kim WH. Allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of perianal fistula in Crohn's disease: a pilot clinical trial. Colorectal Dis 2016; 18:468-76. [PMID: 26603576 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Many perianal fistulae in Crohn's disease do not respond to conventional surgical and medical management and recurrence rates are high. The study evaluated the safety and feasibility of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of perianal fistula in Crohn's disease. METHOD A multicentre, open-label, dose escalation pilot study was performed. The first three patients (group 1) were administered 1 × 10(7) cells/ml based on the size of the fistula tract. Four weeks later, after which time this dose had been confirmed to be safe, the next three patients (group 2) were administered 3 × 10(7) cells/ml. The end-point was complete closure at 8 weeks after the injection. Patients who attended for the 8 week assessment were followed for an additional 6 months. RESULTS There were no adverse events of Grade 3 or 4 severity and no adverse events related to the treatment with allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells. Two patients in group 1 achieved complete closure of the fistula at month 4 and month 6, and one patient in group 2 achieved complete closure at 8 weeks. The closure was sustained up to month 8 in all three of those patients. CONCLUSION These data suggest that allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells may be a feasible treatment option for perianal fistula in Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-B Ryoo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T I Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Baik
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Kim
- Anterogen Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea
| | - W H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Liu XX, Fan H, Tang Q, Shou ZX, Tao L, Zhang LJ, Zuo DM. Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing CXCR4 protects against experimental colitis in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1233-1240. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i8.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in the therapeutic effects of lentivirus-preconditioned bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)- induced colitis in rats.
METHODS: BMSCs were isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and identified by flow cytometry. Lentivirus transfection was applied to over-express CXCR4/GFP (Ad-CXCR4-BMSCs) or null/GFP (Ad-GFP-BMSCs) in BMSCs. Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): a control group, a model group, an Ad-GFP-BMSCs group and an Ad-CXCR4-BMSCs group. The rats were grouped to receive various treatments by tail vein injections. On day 1, colitis was induced by the TNBS administration. On day 12, animals were anesthetized and submitted to a laparotomy under sterile conditions. The distal colon was then opened longitudinally, slightly cleaned in physiological saline for faecal residue removal, and tissue samples were harvested and analyzed for various studies.
RESULTS: One week after intravenous administration, Ad-GFP-BMSCs failed to colonize in the inflamed colon and had no beneficial effect in TNBS-induced colitis. Instead, Ad-CXCR4-BMSCs signally ameliorated both clinical and microanatomical severity of colitis. Immunofluorescence and Western blot showed that Ad-CXCR4-BMSCs migrated toward inflamed colon was more efficient than Ad-GFP-BMSCs. The therapeutic effect of Ad-CXCR4-BMSCs was mediated by the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and STAT3 phosphorylation in injured colon.
CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that over-expression of CXCR4 promotes the in vivo mobilization and engraftment of BMSCs into inflamed colon where these cells can function as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory component of the immune system in TNBS-induced colitis.
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Utilization of nanoparticle technology in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 80:30-41. [PMID: 27133037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the common and severe autoimmune diseases related to joints. This chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease, leads to functional limitation and reduced quality of life, since as there is bone and cartilage destruction, joint swelling and pain. Current advances and new treatment approaches have considerably postponed disease progression and improved the quality of life for many patients. In spite of major advances in therapeutic options, restrictions on the routes of administration and the necessity for frequent and long-term dosing often result in systemic adverse effects and patient non-compliance. Unlike usual drugs, nanoparticle systems are planned to deliver therapeutic agents especially to inflamed synovium, so avoiding systemic and unpleasant effects. The present review discusses about some of the most successful drugs in RA therapy and their side effects and also focuses on key design parameters of RA-targeted nanotechnology-based strategies for improving RA therapies.
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NAMBA HIROKI, KAWAJI HIROSHI, YAMASAKI TOMOHIRO. Use of genetically engineered stem cells for glioma therapy. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:9-15. [PMID: 26870161 PMCID: PMC4726949 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common and most malignant type of primary brain tumor, is associated with poor prognosis, even when treated using combined therapies, including surgery followed by concomitant radiotherapy with temozolomide-based chemotherapy. The invasive nature of this type of tumor is a major reason underlying treatment failure. The tumor-tropic ability of neural and mesenchymal stem cells offers an alternative therapeutic approach, where these cells may be used as vehicles for the invasion of tumors. Stem cell-based therapy is particularly attractive due to its tumor selectivity, meaning that the stem cells are able to target tumor cells without harming healthy brain tissue, as well as the extensive tumor tropism of stem cells when delivering anti-tumor substances, even to distant tumor microsatellites. Stem cells have previously been used to deliver cytokine genes, suicide genes and oncolytic viruses. The present review will summarize current trends in experimental studies of stem cell-based gene therapy against gliomas, and discuss the potential concerns for translating these promising strategies into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- HIROKI NAMBA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - HIROSHI KAWAJI
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - TOMOHIRO YAMASAKI
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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Caplan AI, Sorrell JM. The MSC curtain that stops the immune system. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:136-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Stem cells offer great promise to help understand the normal mechanisms of tissue renewal, regeneration, and repair, and also for development of cell-based therapies to treat patients after tissue injury. Most adult tissues contain stem cells and progenitor cells that contribute to homeostasis, remodeling, and repair. Multiple stem and progenitor cell populations in bone are found in the marrow, the endosteum, and the periosteum. They contribute to the fracture healing process after injury and are an important component in tissue engineering approaches for bone repair. This review focuses on current concepts in stem cell biology related to fracture healing and bone tissue regeneration, as well as current strategies and limitations for clinical cell-based therapies.
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Shipounova IN, Petinati NA, Bigildeev AE, Zezina EA, Drize NI, Kuzmina LA, Parovichnikova EN, Savchenko VG. Analysis of results of acute graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis with donor multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with hemoblastoses after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:1363-70. [PMID: 25716730 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914120104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) is currently the only way to cure many hematoproliferative disorders. However, allo-BMT use is limited by severe complications, the foremost being graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Due to the lack of efficiency of the existing methods of GVHD prophylaxis, new methods are being actively explored, including the use of donors' multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC). In this work, we analyzed the results of acute GVHD (aGVHD) prophylaxis by means of MMSC injections after allo-BMT in patients with hematological malignancies. The study included 77 patients. They were randomized into two groups - those receiving standard prophylaxis of aGVHD and those who were additionally infused with MMSC derived from the bone marrow of hematopoietic stem cell donors. We found that the infusion of MMSC halves the incidence of aGVHD and increases the overall survival of patients. Four of 39 MMSC samples were ineffective for preventing aGVHD. Analysis of individual donor characteristics (gender, age, body mass index) and the MMSC properties of these donors (growth parameters, level of expression of 30 genes involved in proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulation) revealed no significant difference between the MMSC that were effective or ineffective for preventing aGVHD. We used multiple logistic regression to establish a combination of features that characterize the most suitable MMSC samples for the prevention of aGVHD. A model predicting MMSC sample success for aGVHD prophylaxis was constructed. Significant model parameters were increased relative expression of the FGFR1 gene in combination with reduced expression levels of the PPARG and IGF1 genes. Depending on the chosen margin for probability of successful application of MMSC, this model correctly predicts the outcome of the use of MMSC in 82-94% of cases. The proposed model of prospective evaluation of the effectiveness of MMSC samples will enable prevention of the development of aGVHD in the maximal number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Shipounova
- Hematological Scientific Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 125167, Russia.
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De Kock J, Meuleman P, Raicevic G, Rodrigues RM, Branson S, Meganathan K, De Boe V, Sachinidis A, Leroux-Roels G, Vanhaecke T, Lagneaux L, Rogiers V, Najar M. Human skin-derived precursor cells are poorly immunogenic and modulate the allogeneic immune response. Stem Cells 2015; 32:2215-28. [PMID: 24585677 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human skin-derived precursors (hSKPs) are multipotent somatic stem cells that persist within the dermis throughout adulthood and harbor potential clinical applicability. In this study, we investigated their immunogenicity and immunosuppressive features, both in vitro and in vivo. As such, this study provides a solid basis for developing their future clinical applications. We found that hSKPs express HLA-ABC molecules, but not HLA-DR, rendering them poorly immunogenic. Using a coculture set-up, we could further demonstrate that hSKPs inhibit the proliferation of allogeneic activated T cells and alter their cytokine secretion profile, in a dose-dependent manner. Cotransplantation of hSKP and human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) into severe combined immune-deficient mice also showed a significant impairment of the graft-versus-host response 1 week post-transplantation and a drastic increase in survival time of 60%. From a mechanistic point of view, we found that hSKPs require cell contact as well as secretion of soluble inhibitory factors in order to modulate the immune response. The expression/secretion levels of these factors further increases upon inflammation or in the presence of activated T cells. As such, we believe that these features could be beneficial in a later allogeneic clinical setting, because rejection of engrafted allogeneic hSKP might be delayed or even avoided due to their own promotion of a tolerogenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joery De Kock
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Factors governing the immunosuppressive effects of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:565-77. [PMID: 26266638 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are of great interest to researchers because of the unique properties, such as enhanced proliferation, paracrine activity and multilineage differentiation. Their non-immunogenicity, in combination with immunomodulatory properties, opens up the opportunity for the allogeneic application of MSCs. The MSC immunomodulatory capacity is currently being actively studied in vitro using various experimental designs. However, the results are not always univocal. It was found that the outcome of the stromal/immune cell interaction depends on experimental conditions. In this review we considered the impact of different factors, such as the ratio of stromal/immune cells, interaction time, the path of immune cell activation, etc. on the MSC immunomodulation. We also accentuated the importance of local milieu, in particular, oxygen tension, for the realization of MSC immunosuppressive activity.
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Kuzmina LA, Petinati NA, Shipounova IN, Sats NV, Bigildeev AE, Zezina EA, Popova MD, Drize NJ, Parovichnikova EN, Savchenko VG. Analysis of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells used for acute graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Eur J Haematol 2015; 96:425-34. [PMID: 26115424 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are used for prophylaxis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Not all samples of MSC are efficient for aGvHD prevention. The suitability of MSCs for aGvHD prophylaxis was studied. METHODS MSCs were derived from the bone marrow (BM) of HCT donor and cultivated for no more than three passages. The characteristics of donor BM samples including colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) concentration, growth parameters of MSCs, and the relative expression levels (REL) of different genes were analyzed. MSCs were injected intravenously precisely at the moment of blood cell reconstitution. RESULTS MSCs infusion induced a significant threefold decrease in aGvHD development and improved overall survival compared with the standard prophylaxis group. In ineffective MSC samples (9.4%), a significant decrease in total cell production and the REL of CSF1, FGFR1, and PDGFRB was observed. In all studied BM samples, the cumulative MSC production and CFU-F concentrations decreased with age. The expression levels of FGFR2, PPARG, and VEGF differed by age. CONCLUSIONS A universal single indicator for the prediction of MSC eligibility for aGvHD prophylaxis was not identified. A multiparameter mathematical model for selecting MSC samples effective for the prevention of aGvHD was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa A Kuzmina
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya A Petinati
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina N Shipounova
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Sats
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey E Bigildeev
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Zezina
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria D Popova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina J Drize
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N Parovichnikova
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery G Savchenko
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
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Naito E, Kudo D, Sekine SI, Watanabe K, Kobatake Y, Tamaoki N, Inden M, Iida K, Ito Y, Hozumi I, Shibata T, Maeda S, Kamishina H. Characterization of canine dental pulp cells and their neuroregenerative potential. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:1012-22. [PMID: 26170225 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp cells (DPCs) of various species have been studied for their potentials of differentiation into functional neurons and secretion of neurotrophic factors. In canine, DPCs have only been studied for cell surface markers and differentiation, but there is little direct evidence for therapeutic potentials for neurological disorders. The present study aimed to further characterize canine DPCs (cDPCs), particularly focusing on their neuroregenerative potentials. It was also reported that superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles were useful for labeling of MSCs and tracking with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our data suggested that cDPCs hold higher proliferation capacity than bone marrow stromal cells, the other type of mesenchymal stem cells which have been the target of intensive research. Canine DPCs constitutively expressed neural markers, suggesting a close relationship to the nervous system in their developmental origin. Canine DPCs promoted neuritogenesis of PC12 cells, most likely through secretion of neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, SPIO nanoparticles could be effectively transported to cDPCs without significant cytotoxicity and unfavorable effects on neuritogenesis. SPIO-labeled cDPCs embedded in agarose spinal cord phantoms were successfully visualized with a magnetic resonance imaging arousing a hope for noninvasive cell tracking in transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Naito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Daichi Kudo
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Sekine
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yui Kobatake
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naritaka Tamaoki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inden
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Iida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Isao Hozumi
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kamishina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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Chen G, Park CK, Xie RG, Ji RR. Intrathecal bone marrow stromal cells inhibit neuropathic pain via TGF-β secretion. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3226-40. [PMID: 26168219 DOI: 10.1172/jci80883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain remains a pressing clinical problem. Here, we demonstrate that a local, intrathecal (i.t.) injection of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) following lumbar puncture alleviates early- and late-phase neuropathic pain symptoms, such as allodynia and hyperalgesia, for several weeks in murine chronic constriction injury (CCI) and spared nerve injury models. Moreover, i.t. BMSCs reduced CCI-induced spontaneous pain and axonal injury of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and inhibited CCI-evoked neuroinflammation in DRGs and spinal cord tissues. BMSCs secreted TGF-β1 into the cerebrospinal fluid, and neutralization of TGF-β1, but not IL-10, reversed the analgesic effect of BMSCs. Conversely, i.t. administration of TGF-β1 potently inhibited neuropathic pain. TGF-β1 acted as a powerful neuromodulator and rapidly (within minutes) suppressed CCI-evoked spinal synaptic plasticity and DRG neuronal hyperexcitability via TGF-β receptor 1-mediated noncanonical signaling. Finally, nerve injury upregulated CXCL12 in lumbar L4-L6 DRGs, and this upregulation caused migration of i.t.-injected BMSCs to DRGs through the CXCL12 receptor CXCR4, which was expressed on BMSCs. BMSCs that migrated from the injection site survived at the border of DRGs for more than 2 months. Our findings support a paracrine mechanism by which i.t. BMSCs target CXCL12-producing DRGs to elicit neuroprotection and sustained neuropathic pain relief via TGF-β1 secretion.
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Mohammadian M, Abasi E, Akbarzadeh A. Mesenchymal stem cell-based gene therapy: A promising therapeutic strategy. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1206-11. [PMID: 26148175 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1029624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that exist in bone marrow, fat, and so many other tissues, and can differentiate into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, as well as myocytes and neurons. Moreover, they have great capacity for self-renewal while maintaining their multipotency. Their capacity for proliferation and differentiation, in addition to their immunomodulatory activity, makes them very promising candidates for cell-based regenerative medicine. Moreover, MSCs have the ability of mobilization to the site of damage; therefore, they can automatically migrate to the site of injury via their chemokine receptors following intravenous transplantation. In this respect, they can be applied for MSC-based gene therapy. In this new therapeutic method, genes of interest are introduced into MSCs via viral and non-viral-based methods that lead to transgene expression in them. Although stem cell-based gene therapy is a relatively new strategy, it lights a new hope for the treatment of a variety of genetic disorders. In the near future, MSCs can be of use in a vast number of clinical applications, because of their uncomplicated isolation, culture, and genetic manipulation. However, full consideration is still crucial before they are utilized for clinical trials, because the number of studies that signify the advantageous effects of MSC-based gene therapy are still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Mohammadian
- a Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran
| | - Elham Abasi
- b Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- b Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Lee SC, Jeong HJ, Lee SK, Kim SJ. Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning of adipose-derived stem cells improves liver-regenerating activity of the secretome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:75. [PMID: 25890074 PMCID: PMC4416308 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. Methods Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes were incubated for 24 hours with the control medium, LPS (0.5 ng/mL), CM, and LPS-CM and then cell viabilities were compared. CM and LPS-CM were also intravenously administered to partially hepatectomized mice, and their effects on liver regeneration were assessed by using liver weight measurements, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Results In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P <0.05). In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P <0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P <0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P <0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that LPS preconditioning effectively stimulates ASCs to produce the secretome beneficial to hepatic regeneration. Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Kuon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Poloni A, Maurizi G, Mattiucci D, Busilacchi E, Mancini S, Discepoli G, Amici A, Falconi M, Cinti S, Leoni P. Biosafety evidence for human dedifferentiated adipocytes. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1525-33. [PMID: 25641257 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Poloni
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Giulia Maurizi
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Domenico Mattiucci
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Elena Busilacchi
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Stefania Mancini
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Giancarlo Discepoli
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Molecolare; Clinica di Pediatria Ancona; Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria; Università di Camerino; Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Clinica Chirurgia del Pancreas; Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti; Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Italy
| | - Pietro Leoni
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
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Widowati W, Wijaya L, Murti H, Widyastuti H, Agustina D, Laksmitawati DR, Fauziah N, Sumitro SB, Widodo MA, Bachtiar I. Conditioned medium from normoxia (WJMSCs-norCM) and hypoxia-treated WJMSCs (WJMSCs-hypoCM) in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bgm.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Young JS, Kim JW, Ahmed AU, Lesniak MS. Therapeutic cell carriers: a potential road to cure glioma. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 14:651-60. [PMID: 24852229 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.917964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many different experimental molecular therapeutic approaches have been evaluated in an attempt to treat brain cancer. However, despite the success of these experimental molecular therapies, research has shown that the specific and efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to tumor cells is a limitation. In this regard, cell carrier systems have garnered significant attraction due to their capacity to be loaded with therapeutic agents and carry them specifically to tumor sites. Furthermore, cell carriers can be genetically modified to express therapeutic agents that can directly eradicate cancerous cells or can modulate tumor microenvironments. This review describes the current state of cell carriers, their use as vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic agents to brain tumors, and future directions that will help overcome the present obstacles to cell carrier mediated therapy for brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Young
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pfisterer K, Lipnik KM, Hofer E, Elbe-Bürger A. CD90 + Human Dermal Stromal Cells Are Potent Inducers of FoxP3 + Regulatory T Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:130-141. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Li X, Wang J, Cao J, Ma L, Xu J. Immunoregulation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Chronic Cigarette Smoking-Induced Lung Inflammation in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:932923. [PMID: 26665150 PMCID: PMC4667063 DOI: 10.1155/2015/932923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Impact of bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transfusion on chronic smoking-induced lung inflammation is poorly understood. In this study, a rat model of smoking-related lung injury was induced and the rats were treated with vehicle or BMSCs for two weeks. Different subsets of CD4+ T cells, cytokines, and anti-elastin in the lungs as well as the lung injury were characterized. Serum and lung inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and STAT5 phosphorylation in lymphocytes from lung tissue were also analyzed. Results indicated that transfusion of BMSCs significantly reduced the chronic smoking-induced lung injury, inflammation, and levels of lung anti-elastin in rats. The frequency of Th1 and Th17 cells and the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, IP-10, and MCP-1 increased, but the frequency of Tregs and IL-10 decreased. Transfusion of BMSCs significantly modulated the imbalance of immune responses by mitigating chronic smoking-increased Th1 and Th17 responses, but enhancing Treg responses in the lungs of rats. Transfusion of BMSCs limited chronic smoking-related reduction in the levels of serum and lung iNOS and mitigated smoking-induced STAT5 phosphorylation in lymphocytes from lung tissue. BMSCs negatively regulated smoking-induced autoimmune responses in the lungs of rats and may be promising for the intervention of chronic smoking-related lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanxi DAYI Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanxi DAYI Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jianying Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanxi DAYI Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
- *Jianying Xu:
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Chen L, Cui X, Wu Z, Jia L, Yu Y, Zhou Q, Hu X, Xu W, Luo D, Liu J, Xiao J, Yan Q, Cheng L. Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with valproic acid in rats with an acute spinal cord injury. Biosci Trends 2014; 8:111-9. [PMID: 24815388 DOI: 10.5582/bst.8.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether valproic acid (VPA) pretreatment enhances the therapeutic effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BMSCs) transplanted into rats with an acute spinal cord injury (SCI). BMSCs were pretreated with VPA before transplantation and then intravenously injected 1 week after SCI. Before transplantation, levels of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression in BMSCs were tested using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1), the unique ligand of CXCR4, was quantified using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The locomotor function of rats with an SCI was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale. Fluorescence microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were also performed to evaluate pathophysiological changes after transplantation. On day 7 after SCI, the level of SDF-1 expression peaked. CXCR4 expression increased significantly in BMSCs pretreated with VPA. After intravenous transplantation, BrdU-labeled BMSCs were noted at the spinal injury site, and this was especially true for BMSCs pretreated with VPA. More significant functional improvement was observed in rats receiving BMSCs pretreated with VPA than in other groups of rats. AMD3100 partially inhibited improvement. This study demonstrates that pretreatment with VPA before transplantation enhances the therapeutic benefits of BMSCs in terms of greater cell migration and better neurological outcomes after traumatic SCI. The mechanism of this enhancement may be related to the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. Therefore, pretreatment of BMSCs with VPA warrants further study in relation to the treatment of traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine
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Choi EW, Yun TW, Song JW, Lee M, Yang J, Choi KS. Preventive effects of CTLA4Ig-overexpressing adipose tissue--derived mesenchymal stromal cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Cytotherapy 2014; 17:271-82. [PMID: 25541299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disorder. In this study, we first compared the therapeutic effects of syngeneic and xenogeneic adipose tissue-derived stem cells on a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. Second, we investigated the synergistic preventive effects of CTLA4Ig and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) as a therapeutic substance. METHODS Arthritis was induced in all groups except for the normal, saline (N) group, using chicken type II collagen (CII). Animals were divided into C (control, saline), H (hASCs), M (mASCs) and N groups (experiment I) and C, H, CT (CTLA4Ig-overexpressing human ASC [CTLA4Ig-hASCs]) and N groups (experiment II), according to transplanted material. Approximately 2 × 10(6) ASCs or 150 μL of saline was intravenously administered on days 24, 27, 30 and 34, and all animals were killed on days 42 to 44 after CII immunization. RESULTS Anti-mouse CII autoantibodies were significantly lower in the H, M and CT groups than in the C group. Cartilage damage severity score and C-telopeptide of type II collagen were significantly lower in the CT group than in the C group. The serum levels of IL-6 were significantly lower in the H, M and CT groups than in the C group. The serum levels of keratinocyte chemoattractant were significantly lower in the CT group than the C group. CONCLUSIONS There were similar effects of ASCs on the decrease of anti-mouse CII autoantibody levels between syngeneic and xenogeneic transplantations, and CTLA4Ig-hASCs showed synergistic preventive effects compared with non-transduced hASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Wha Choi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Won Yun
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woo Song
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Lee
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehoon Yang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sil Choi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kulangara K, Yang J, Chellappan M, Yang Y, Leong KW. Nanotopography alters nuclear protein expression, proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114698. [PMID: 25521962 PMCID: PMC4270691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells respond to physical cues present in their microenvironment such as substrate elasticity, geometry, or topography with respect to morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. Although studies have demonstrated the role of focal adhesions in topography-mediated changes of gene expression, information linking substrate topography to the nucleus remains scarce. Here we show by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and western blotting that A-type lamins and retinoblastoma protein are downregulated in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells cultured on 350 nm gratings compared to planar substrates; these changes lead to a decrease in proliferation and changes in differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Kulangara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Malathi Chellappan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Raicevic G, Najar M, Najimi M, El Taghdouini A, van Grunsven LA, Sokal E, Toungouz M. Influence of inflammation on the immunological profile of adult-derived human liver mesenchymal stromal cells and stellate cells. Cytotherapy 2014; 17:174-85. [PMID: 25455740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Stem cell therapy for liver diseases has recently emerged as a promising alternative to liver transplantation. Eligible cells should have an appropriate immunophenotype. The aim of the present study was to define the immunological profile of two human liver-derived mesenchymal stromal cell populations, namely, stem cells (ADHLSC) and hepatic stellate cells (HSC). METHODS The study was conducted under normal and inflammatory conditions with the use of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) as reference. RESULTS Like BM-MSC and ADHLSC, HSC were negative for hematopoietic (CD45) and endothelial (CD34) markers but positive for stromal markers. All cell types were constitutively positive for HLA class I and negative for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II and co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, CD134 and CD252). Inflammation induced the expression of CD40 in all cell types, but the highest values were observed on HSCs; high CD252 expression was only observed on HSC as compared with ADHLSC and BM-MSC. The expression of various adhesion molecules (CD54, CD58, CD106 and CD166) was dissimilar in these three cell types and was differentially influenced by inflammation as well. ADHLSC and HSC constitutively expressed the immunosuppressive molecule HLA-G, whereas CD274 expression was induced by inflammation, as in the case of BM-MSC. Moreover, all cell types expressed the two major natural killer ligands CD112 and CD115. CONCLUSIONS Toll-like receptors (TLR) 1, 3, 4 and 6 messenger RNA was expressed by both cell types, whereas TLR 2, 5, 7, 9 and 10 were only expressed by ADHLSC. Inflammation increased the expression of TLR 2 and 3 by ADHLSC and HSC. Finally, both liver-derived cell types were immunosuppressive because they inhibited the proliferation of mitogen-activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Raicevic
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adil El Taghdouini
- Liver Cell Biology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Toungouz
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies are emerging as a promising strategy to tackle cancer. Multiple stem cell types have been shown to exhibit inherent tropism towards tumours. Moreover, when engineered to express therapeutic agents, these pathotropic delivery vehicles can effectively target sites of malignancy. This perspective considers the current status of stem cell-based treatments for cancer and provides a rationale for translating the most promising preclinical studies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Stuckey
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory and the Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Adipose tissue-derived stem cells suppress acute cellular rejection by TSG-6 and CD44 interaction in rat kidney transplantation. Transplantation 2014; 98:277-84. [PMID: 24983309 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to its abundance and easy accessibility, adipose tissue yields more potent immunoregulatory stem cells (adipose tissue-derived stem cells, ADSCs) than does bone marrow. However, the beneficial effects of ADSCs on alloreactivity are scarcely known. This study evaluated the beneficial effects of ADSCs in rat kidney transplantation and analyzed the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Dark Agouti rat kidneys were transplanted into Lewis rats. Autologous ADSCs (2×10) were injected through the left renal artery of the donors before the nephrectomy (ADSCs group). Graft survival, histologic changes, and the expression of several cytokines and proteins were assessed. In an in vitro experiment, the immunosuppressive capacity of ADSCs was tested in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. RESULTS Histologic findings of the ADSCs group revealed a reduced rejection grade, whereas the number of infiltrated CD4/CD8 T cells was also significantly decreased as compared to the control. Relative to these findings, injection of ADSCs led to a significantly prolonged mean graft survival compared with the control. In vitro, autologous ADSCs dose-dependently suppressed alloreactive lymphocytes. Moreover, ADSCs increased the level of tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6) in mixed lymphocyte reaction, which has an anti-inflammatory capacity. Recombinant TSG-6 markedly suppressed alloreactive T cells through downregulating CD44, which may lead to the suppression of T-cell activation and infiltration into allografts. CONCLUSION Our findings clearly showed that ADSCs attenuated acute rejection by secreting TSG-6 as well as through direct cell interaction. These findings contribute to the clinical application of these cells in solid organ transplantation.
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El Alami M, Viña-Almunia J, Gambini J, Mas-Bargues C, Siow RCM, Peñarrocha M, Mann GE, Borrás C, Viña J. Activation of p38, p21, and NRF-2 mediates decreased proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells cultured under 21% O2. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:566-73. [PMID: 25358785 PMCID: PMC4223702 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High rates of stem cell proliferation are important in regenerative medicine and in stem cell banking for clinical use. Ambient oxygen tensions (21% O2) are normally used for in vitro culture, but physiological levels in vivo range between 3% and 6% O2. We compared proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) cultured under 21% versus 3% O2. The rate of hDPSC proliferation is significantly lower at 21% O2 compared to physiological oxygen levels due to enhanced oxidative stress. Under 21% O2, increased p38 phosphorylation led to activation of p21. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species and p21 led to activation of the NRF-2 signaling pathway. The upregulation of NRF-2 antioxidant defense genes under 21% O2 may interact with cell-cycle-related proteins involved in regulating cell proliferation. Activation of p38/p21/NRF-2 in hDPSCs cultured under ambient oxygen tension inhibits stem cell proliferation and upregulates NRF-2 antioxidant defenses. hDPSC proliferation rate is significantly lower at 21% O2 than at 3% O2 This is due to increased levels oxidative stress at 21% O2 Oxidative stress activates the cell signaling pathway p38 →p21 → NRF-2
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya El Alami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Viña-Almunia
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Gambini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Richard C M Siow
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Miguel Peñarrocha
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Viña
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Jiang X, Liu C, Hao J, Guo D, Guo J, Yao J, Jiang K, Cui Z, Zhu L, Sun W, Lin L, Liang J. CD4(+)CD25 (+) regulatory T cells are not required for mesenchymal stem cell function in fully MHC-mismatched mouse cardiac transplantation. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:503-14. [PMID: 25103227 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the immunomodulative properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) open up attractive possibilities in solid-organ transplantation, information concerning the optimal dose, route, timing of administration, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restriction and relevant mechanisms is currently lacking. Therefore, better characterization of MSC immunoregulatory activity and elucidation of its mechanisms are crucial. In this study, we confirmed that MSCs did not elicit proliferation by allogeneic CD4(+) T cells, suggesting that MSCs were not immunogenic. By using C57BL/6 mouse MSCs as donor-derived or recipient-derived or as third-party MSCs, we discovered that MSCs suppressed CD4(+) T cell proliferation and prolonged mouse cardiac allograft survival in a dose-dependent and non-MHC-restricted manner. We also found that intraperitoneal administration favored survival prolongation, although this prolongation was weaker than that via the intravenous route. Only infusion at earlier time points favored survival prolongation. Depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells did not affect the immunosuppression of MSCs on CD4(+) T cells. Moreover, MSCs did not induce regulatory T cells. The in vivo data revealed that MSCs did not increase the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and FoxP3 expression. More importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells did not hinder MSC-induced survival prolongation, indicating that CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells were not essential for the prolongation of MSC-mediated allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China,
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Kilinc S, Gurkan U, Guven S, Koyuncu G, Tan S, Karaca C, Ozdogan O, Dogan M, Tugmen C, Pala E, Bayol U, Baran M, Kurtulmus Y, Pirim I, Kebapci E, Demirci U. Evaluation of Epithelial Chimerism After Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Infusion in Intestinal Transplant Patients. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:2125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sindberg GM, Lindborg BA, Wang Q, Clarkson C, Graham M, Donahue R, Hering BJ, Verfaillie CM, Bansal-Pakala P, O'Brien TD. Comparisons of phenotype and immunomodulatory capacity among rhesus bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, multipotent adult progenitor cells, and dermal fibroblasts. J Med Primatol 2014; 43:231-241. [PMID: 24825538 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potent immunomodulatory effects have been reported for mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs), and fibroblasts. However, side-by-side comparisons of these cells specifically regarding immunophenotype, gene expression, and suppression of proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte populations have not been reported. METHODS We developed MAPC and MSC lines from rhesus macaque bone marrow and fibroblast cell lines from rhesus dermis and assessed phenotypes based upon differentiation potential, flow cytometric analysis of immunophenotype, and quantitative RT-PCR analysis of gene expression. Using allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation assays, we compared the in vitro immunomodulatory potency of each cell type. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Extensive phenotypic similarities exist among each cell type, although immunosuppressive potencies are distinct. MAPCs are most potent, and fibroblasts are the least potent cell type. All three cell types demonstrated immunomodulatory capacity such that each may have potential therapeutic applications such as in organ transplantation, where reduced local immune response is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Sindberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Beth A Lindborg
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Christina Clarkson
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Melanie Graham
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Robert Donahue
- Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung Blood Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Bernhard J Hering
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Pratima Bansal-Pakala
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Timothy D O'Brien
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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81
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Poggi A, Musso A, Dapino I, Zocchi MR. Mechanisms of tumor escape from immune system: role of mesenchymal stromal cells. Immunol Lett 2014; 159:55-72. [PMID: 24657523 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment represents the site where the tumor tries to survive and escape from immune system-mediated recognition. Indeed, to proliferate tumor cells can divert the immune response inducing the generation of myeloid derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells which can limit the efficiency of effector antitumor lymphocytes in eliminating neoplastic cells. Many components of the tumor microenvironment can serve as a double sword for the tumor and the host. Several types of fibroblast-like cells, which herein we define mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), secrete extracellular matrix components and surrounding the tumor mass can limit the expansion of the tumor. On the other hand, MSC can interfere with the immune recognition of tumor cells producing immunoregulatory cytokines as transforming growth factor (TGF)ß, releasing soluble ligands of the activating receptors expressed on cytolytic effector cells as decoy molecules, affecting the correct interaction among lymphocytes and tumor cells. MSC can also serve as target for the same anti-tumor effector lymphocytes or simply impede the interaction between these lymphocytes and neoplastic cells. Thus, several evidences point out the role of MSC, both in epithelial solid tumors and hematological malignancies, in regulating tumor cell growth and immune response. Herein, we review these evidences and suggest that MSC can be a suitable target for a more efficient anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Musso
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Dapino
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
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82
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Murray IR, Corselli M, Petrigliano FA, Soo C, Péault B. Recent insights into the identity of mesenchymal stem cells. Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:291-8. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.96b3.32789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate in vitro into chondrocytes, osteocytes and myocytes holds great promise for tissue engineering. Skeletal defects are emerging as key targets for treatment using MSCs due to the high responsiveness of bone to interventions in animal models. Interest in MSCs has further expanded in recognition of their ability to release growth factors and to adjust immune responses. Despite their increasing application in clinical trials, the origin and role of MSCs in the development, repair and regeneration of organs have remained unclear. Until recently, MSCs could only be isolated in a process that requires culture in a laboratory; these cells were being used for tissue engineering without understanding their native location and function. MSCs isolated in this indirect way have been used in clinical trials and remain the reference standard cellular substrate for musculoskeletal engineering. The therapeutic use of autologous MSCs is currently limited by the need for ex vivo expansion and by heterogeneity within MSC preparations. The recent discovery that the walls of blood vessels harbour native precursors of MSCs has led to their prospective identification and isolation. MSCs may therefore now be purified from dispensable tissues such as lipo-aspirate and returned for clinical use in sufficient quantity, negating the requirement for ex vivo expansion and a second surgical procedure. In this annotation we provide an update on the recent developments in the understanding of the identity of MSCs within tissues and outline how this may affect their use in orthopaedic surgery in the future. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:291–8.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. R. Murray
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The
University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16
4UU, UK
| | - M. Corselli
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David
Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F. A. Petrigliano
- UCLA Orthopaedic Hospital, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C. Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive
Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University
of California, Los Angeles, California
90095, USA
| | - B. Péault
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David
Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90095, USA
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83
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Hong IS, Lee HY, Kang KS. Mesenchymal stem cells and cancer: friends or enemies? Mutat Res 2014; 768:98-106. [PMID: 24512984 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to migrate and engraft into tumor sites and exert stimulatory effects on cancer cell growth, invasion and even metastasis through direct and/or indirect interaction with tumor cells. However, these pro-tumorigenic effects of MSCs are still being discovered and may even involve opposing effects. MSCs can be friends or enemies of cancer cells: they may stimulate tumor development by regulating immune surveillance, growth, and angiogenesis. On the other hand, they may inhibit tumor growth by inhibiting survival signaling such as Wnt and Akt pathway. MSCs have also been proposed as an attractive candidate for the delivery of anti-tumor agents, owing to their ability to home into tumor sites and to secrete cytokines. Detailed information about the mutual interactions between tumor cells and MSCs will undoubtedly lead to safer and more effective clinical therapy for tumors. In this article, we summarize a number of findings to provide current information on the potential roles of MSCs in tumor development; we then discuss the therapeutic potential of engineered MSCs to reveal any meaningful clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sun Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Industry-academic cooperation foundation, Jungwon University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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84
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Sengupta U, Kumar V, Yadav AK, Marwaha N, Kohli HS, Sakhuja V, Jha V. Infusion of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells leads to transient reduction in proteinuria in treatment refractory patients with Idiopathic membranous nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:262. [PMID: 24289828 PMCID: PMC4219434 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current treatment options for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) carry significant toxicity. In this prospective, observational pilot study, we used single time infusion of bone marrow derived autologous mononuclear cells (MNCs) in adult patients with treatment refractory IMN. Methods Twelve patients of biopsy proven IMN who had failed a cyclical 6-month regimen of steroid and cyclophosphamide were enrolled in the study. Bone-marrow was harvested from the iliac crest and underwent processing to isolate MNCs. Cells were counted and subjected to viability testing before being infused through a peripheral vein on the same day. After the infusion, subjects were followed up monthly for the next six months. Supportive treatment including angiotensin antagonists and statins was continued throughout the study period. Result The proteinuria, serum albumin and creatinine values at entry were 2.97 ± 0.6 gm/1.73 m2/d, 2.27 ± 1.1 gm/l and 0.9 ± 0.8 mg/dl respectively. There was a reduction in proteinuria (p < 0.0001), and increase in serum albumin (p = 0.001) at 1 month, with 64% of the subjects showing >50% reduction in proteinuria. However, the response was ill sustained. At 6 months, only 2 patients had >50% reduction. Serum creatinine remained stable throughout the study period. No infusion related side effects were noted. Conclusion Autologous mononuclear cell infusion leads to transitory reduction in proteinuria and improvement in serum albumin in treatment refractory IMN. This effect, however, is transient. Whether this can be overcome by repeated infusion of cultured mesenchymal cells needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upal Sengupta
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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85
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Ong HT, Federspiel MJ, Guo CM, Ooi LL, Russell SJ, Peng KW, Hui KM. Systemically delivered measles virus-infected mesenchymal stem cells can evade host immunity to inhibit liver cancer growth. J Hepatol 2013; 59:999-1006. [PMID: 23867315 PMCID: PMC4324731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although attenuated measles virus (MV) has demonstrated potent oncolytic activities towards human cancers, it has not yet been widely adopted into clinical practice. One of the major hurdles is the presence of pre-existing anti-MV immunity in the recipients. In this study, we have evaluated the combination of the potent oncolytic activity of the attenuated MV with the unique immunoprivileged and tumor-tropic biological properties of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs) to combat human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), orthotopically implanted in SCID mice, passively immunized with human neutralizing antibodies against MV as a preclinical model. METHODS SCID mice were orthotopically implanted with patient-derived HCC tissues and established HCC cell lines. SCID mice were passively immunized with human neutralizing anti-measles antibodies. Bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging were employed to monitor the ability of systemically delivered MV-infected BM-hMSCs to infiltrate the implanted tumors and their effects on tumor growth. RESULTS Systemically delivered MV-infected BM-hMSCs homed to the HCC tumors implanted orthotopically in the liver and it was evidenced that BM-hMSCs could transfer MV infectivity to HCC via heterofusion. Furthermore, therapy with MV-infected BM-hMSCs resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth in both measles antibody-naïve and passively-immunized SCID mice. By contrast, when cell-free MV viruses were delivered systemically, antitumor activity was evident only in measles antibody-naïve SCID mice. CONCLUSIONS MV-infected BM-hMSCs cell delivery system provides a feasible strategy to elude the presence of immunity against MV in most of the potential cancer patients to be treated with the oncolytic MV viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi-Tin Ong
- Bek Chai Heah Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, Singapore
| | | | - Chang M. Guo
- Department of Orthopedic, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - London Lucien Ooi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kam M. Hui
- Bek Chai Heah Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, Singapore,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,The Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore,Corresponding author. Address: Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore. Tel.: +65 6436 8338; fax: +65 6226 3843. (K.M. Hui)
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86
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Auffinger B, Morshed R, Tobias A, Cheng Y, Ahmed AU, Lesniak MS. Drug-loaded nanoparticle systems and adult stem cells: a potential marriage for the treatment of malignant glioma? Oncotarget 2013; 4:378-96. [PMID: 23594406 PMCID: PMC3717302 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite all recent advances in malignant glioma research, only modest progress has been achieved in improving patient prognosis and quality of life. Such a clinical scenario underscores the importance of investing in new therapeutic approaches that, when combined with conventional therapies, are able to effectively eradicate glioma infiltration and target distant tumor foci. Nanoparticle-loaded delivery systems have recently arisen as an exciting alternative to improve targeted anti-glioma drug delivery. As drug carriers, they are able to efficiently protect the therapeutic agent and allow for sustained drug release. In addition, their surface can be easily manipulated with the addition of special ligands, which are responsible for enhancing tumor-specific nanoparticle permeability. However, their inefficient intratumoral distribution and failure to target disseminated tumor burden still pose a big challenge for their implementation as a therapeutic option in the clinical setting. Stem cell-based delivery of drug-loaded nanoparticles offers an interesting option to overcome such issues. Their ability to incorporate nanoparticles and migrate throughout interstitial barriers, together with their inherent tumor-tropic properties and synergistic anti-tumor effects make these stem cell carriers a good fit for such combined therapy. In this review, we will describe the main nanoparticle delivery systems that are presently available in preclinical and clinical studies. We will discuss their mechanisms of targeting, current delivery methods, attractive features and pitfalls. We will also debate the potential applications of stem cell carriers loaded with therapeutic nanoparticles in anticancer therapy and why such an attractive combined approach has not yet reached clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Auffinger
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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87
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Markides H, Kehoe O, Morris RH, El Haj AJ. Whole body tracking of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-labelled cells--a rheumatoid arthritis mouse model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:126. [PMID: 24406201 PMCID: PMC3854718 DOI: 10.1186/scrt337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been made possible by the immunosuppressive and differentiation abilities of these cells. A non-invasive means of assessing cell integration and bio-distribution is fundamental in evaluating the risks and success of this therapy, thereby enabling clinical translation. This paper defines the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to image and track MSCs in vivo within a murine model of RA. Methods Murine MSCs (mMSCs) were isolated, expanded and labelled with SiMAG, a commercially available particle. In vitro MRI visibility thresholds were investigated by labelling mMSCs with SiMAG with concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 μg/ml and resuspending varying cell doses (103 to 5 × 105 cells) in 2 mg/ml collagen prior to MR-imaging. Similarly, in vivo detection thresholds were identified by implanting 3 × 105 mMSCs labelled with 0 to 10 μg/ml SiMAG within the synovial cavity of a mouse and MR-imaging. Upon RA induction, 300,000 mMSCs labelled with SiMAG (10 μg/ml) were implanted via intra-articular injection and joint swelling monitored as an indication of RA development over seven days. Furthermore, the effect of SiMAG on cell viability, proliferation and differentiation was investigated. Results A minimum particle concentration of 1 μg/ml (300,000 cells) and cell dose of 100,000 cells (5 and 10 μg/ml) were identified as the in vitro MRI detection threshold. Cell viability, proliferation and differentiation capabilities were not affected, with labelled populations undergoing successful differentiation down osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. A significant decrease (P < 0.01) in joint swelling was measured in groups containing SiMAG-labelled and unlabelled mMSCs implying that the presence of SPIONs does not affect the immunomodulating properties of the cells. In vivo MRI scans demonstrated good contrast and the identification of SiMAG-labelled populations within the synovial joint up to 7 days post implantation. This was further confirmed using histological analysis. Conclusions We have been able to monitor and track the migration of stem cell populations within the rheumatic joint in a non-invasive manner. This manuscript goes further to highlight the key characteristics (biocompatible and the ability to create significant contrast at realistic doses within a clinical relevant system) demonstrated by SiMAG that should be incorporated into the design of a new clinically approved tracking agent.
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88
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Andreeva ER, Andrianova IV, Bobyleva PI, Gornostaeva AN, Buravkova LB. Immunophenotype of human lymphocytes after interaction with mesenchymal stromal cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0362119713050034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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89
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Struys T, Ketkar-Atre A, Gervois P, Leten C, Hilkens P, Martens W, Bronckaers A, Dresselaers T, Politis C, Lambrichts I, Himmelreich U. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1813-29. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in stem cell research have shown the promising nature of mesenchymal stem cells as plausible candidates for cell-based regenerative medicine. Many studies reported the use of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), which possess self-renewal capacity, high proliferation potential, and the ability to undergo multilineage differentiation. Together with this therapeutic approach, development of effective, noninvasive and nontoxic imaging techniques for visualizing and tracking the cells in vivo is crucial for the evaluation and improvement of stem cell therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most powerful diagnostic imaging techniques currently available for in vivo diagnosis and has been proposed as the most attractive modality for monitoring stem cell migration. The aim of this study was to investigate the labeling efficiency of hDPSCs using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles in order to allow visualization using in vitro and in vivo MRI without influencing cellular metabolism. MRI and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed optimal uptake with low SPIO concentrations of 15 μg/ml in combination with 0.75 μg/ml poly-l-lysine (PLL) resulting in more than 13 pg iron/cell and an in vitro detection limit of 50 labeled cells/μl. Very low SPIO concentrations in the culture medium resulted in extremely high labeling efficiency not reported before. For these conditions, tetrazolium salt assays showed no adverse effects on cell viability. Furthermore, in vivo MRI was performed to detect labeled hDPSCs transplanted into the brain of Rag 2-γ C immune-deficient mice. Transplanted cells did not show any signs of tumorgenecity or teratoma formation during the studied time course. We have reported on a labeling and imaging strategy to visualize human dental pulp stem cells in vivo using MRI. These data provide a solid base to allow cell tracking in future regenerative studies in the brain longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Struys
- Biomedical MRI Unit-MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute, Lab of Histology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - A. Ketkar-Atre
- Biomedical MRI Unit-MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P. Gervois
- Biomedical Research Institute, Lab of Histology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - C. Leten
- Biomedical MRI Unit-MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P. Hilkens
- Biomedical Research Institute, Lab of Histology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - W. Martens
- Biomedical Research Institute, Lab of Histology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - A. Bronckaers
- Biomedical Research Institute, Lab of Histology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - T. Dresselaers
- Biomedical MRI Unit-MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C. Politis
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg (ZOL), Genk, Belgium
| | - I. Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute, Lab of Histology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - U. Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI Unit-MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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90
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Pesmatzoglou M, Dimitriou H, Stiakaki E. Could mesenchymal stromal cells have a role in childhood autoimmune diseases? Immunol Invest 2013; 42:639-56. [PMID: 24004061 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.822393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) comprise a promising source for cellular therapy due to their ability to be readily isolated from various tissues and expand ex vivo. A unique property of these cells is the modulation of immune responses, making them attractive candidates for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Recently, several clinical trials, mainly in adults, suggest the use of MSCs for therapy of refractory autoimmune diseases. There are a very limited number of reports in the literature addressing the cellular therapy options for pediatric patients with autoimmune diseases refractory to standard therapy. This review discusses the possible mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive effects of MSCs on almost all cell types, and also the recent advances in cellular therapy of autoimmune diseases using MSCs as modulators of immune response, especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pesmatzoglou
- University of Crete, Medical School, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Heraklion Crete, Greece
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91
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Nevruz O, Avcu F, Ural AU, Pekel A, Dirican B, Safalı M, Akdağ E, Beyzadeoğlu M, Ide T, Sengül A. Immunosuppressive effects of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells on graft-versus-host disease in rats following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Turk J Haematol 2013; 30:256-62. [PMID: 24385804 PMCID: PMC3878544 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2013.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major obstacle to successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). While multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) demonstrate alloresponse in vitro and in vivo, they also have clinical applications toward prevention or treatment of GVHD. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of MSCs to prevent or treat GVHD in a rat BMT model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The GVHD model was established by transplantation of Sprague Dawley rats' bone marrow and spleen cells into lethally irradiated (950 cGy) SDxWistar rat recipients. A total of 49 rats were randomly assigned to 4 study and 3 control groups administered different GVHD prophylactic regimens including MSCs. After transplantation, clinical GVHD scores and survival status were monitored. RESULTS All irradiated and untreated control mice with GVHD died. MSCs inhibited lethal GVHD as efficiently as the standard GVHD prophylactic regimen. The gross and histopathological findings of GVHD and the ratio of CD4/CD8 expression decreased. The subgroup given MSCs displayed higher in vivo proportions of CD25+ T cells and plasma interleukin-2 levels as compared to conventional GVHD treatment after allo-BMT. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that clinical use of MSCs in both prophylaxis against and treatment of established GVHD is effective. This study supports the use of MSCs in the prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD after allo-BMT; however, large scale studies are needed. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oral Nevruz
- Gülhane Medical Academy, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferit Avcu
- Gülhane Medical Academy, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Uğur Ural
- Gülhane Medical Academy, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysel Pekel
- Gülhane Medical Academy, Department of Immunology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahar Dirican
- Gülhane Medical Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mükerrem Safalı
- Gülhane Medical Academy, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elvin Akdağ
- Gülhane Medical Academy, Department of Medical Oncology Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Beyzadeoğlu
- Gülhane Medical Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Ide
- Gülhane Medical Academy, Department of Medical Oncology Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Sengül
- Gülhane Medical Academy, Department of Immunology, Ankara, Turkey
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92
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Plock JA, Schnider JT, Solari MG, Zheng XX, Gorantla VS. Perspectives on the use of mesenchymal stem cells in vascularized composite allotransplantation. Front Immunol 2013; 4:175. [PMID: 23888159 PMCID: PMC3719134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstructive transplantation has emerged as clinical reality over the past decade. Long-term graft acceptance has been feasible in extremity and facial vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) under standard immunosuppression. Minimizing overall burden of lifelong immunosuppression is key to wider application of these non-life saving grafts. Allograft tolerance is the holy grail of many cell-based immunomodulatory strategies. Recent protocols using mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue offer promise and potential in VCA. This article provides an overview of the experimental basis, the scientific background and clinical applications of stem cell-based therapies in the field of reconstructive allotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Plock
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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Lairson LL, Lyssiotis CA, Zhu S, Schultz PG. Small molecule-based approaches to adult stem cell therapies. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 53:107-25. [PMID: 23294307 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the development of stem cell-based strategies for the treatment of a broad range of human diseases, including neurodegenerative, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal diseases. To date, such regenerative approaches have focused largely on the development of cell transplantation therapies using cells derived from pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Although there have been exciting preliminary reports describing the efficacy of ESC-derived replacement therapies, approaches involving ex vivo manipulated ESCs are hindered by issues of mutation, immune rejection, and ethical controversy. An alternative approach involves direct in vivo modulation or ex vivo expansion of endogenous adult stem cell populations using drug-like small molecules. Here we describe chemical approaches to the regulation of somatic stem cell biology that are yielding new biological insights and that may ultimately lead to innovative new medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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94
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Gornostaeva AN, Andreeva ER, Buravkova LB. Human MMSC immunosuppressive activity at low oxygen tension: Direct cell-to-cell contacts and paracrine regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0362119713020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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95
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Bovenberg MSS, Degeling MH, Tannous BA. Advances in stem cell therapy against gliomas. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:281-91. [PMID: 23537753 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are one of the most lethal cancers, and despite extensive research very little progress has been made in improving prognosis. Multimodality treatment combining surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy is the current gold standard, but effective treatment remains difficult due to the invasive nature and high recurrence of gliomas. Stem cell-based therapy using neural, mesenchymal, or hematopoietic stem cells may be an alternative approach because it is tumor selective and allows targeted therapy that spares healthy brain tissue. Stem cells can be used to establish a long-term antitumor response by stimulating the immune system and delivering prodrug, metabolizing genes, or oncolytic viruses. In this review, we discuss current trends and the latest developments in stem cell therapy against malignant gliomas from both the experimental laboratory and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sarah S Bovenberg
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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96
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Rahman M, Hoh B, Kohler N, Dunbar EM, Murad GJA. The future of glioma treatment: stem cells, nanotechnology and personalized medicine. Future Oncol 2013; 8:1149-56. [PMID: 23030489 DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel therapies, imaging techniques and insights into the processes that drive growth of CNS tumors have allowed growing enthusiasm for the treatment of CNS malignancies. Despite this energized effort to investigate and treat brain cancer, clinical outcomes for most patients continue to be dismal. Recognition of diverse tumor subtypes, behaviors and outcomes has led to an interest in personalized medicine for the treatment of brain tumors. This new paradigm requires evaluation of the tumor phenotype at the time of diagnosis so that therapy can be specifically tailored to each individual patient. Investigating novel therapies involving stem cells, nanotechnology and molecular medicine will allow diversity of therapeutic options for patients with brain cancer. These exciting new therapeutic strategies for brain tumors are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Box 100265, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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97
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Sacerdote P, Niada S, Franchi S, Arrigoni E, Rossi A, Yenagi V, de Girolamo L, Panerai AE, Brini AT. Systemic administration of human adipose-derived stem cells reverts nociceptive hypersensitivity in an experimental model of neuropathy. Stem Cells Dev 2013. [PMID: 23190263 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, it has been proved that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) elicit anti-inflammatory effects. MSCs from adipose tissue (hASCs) differentiate into cells of the mesodermal lineage and transdifferentiate into ectodermal-origin cells. Although there are various etiologies to chronic pain, one common feature is that painful states are associated with increased inflammation. We believe in hASCs as a therapeutic tool also in pathologies involving neuroinflammation and neuronal tissue damage. We have investigated the effect of hASCs injected in a model of neuropathic pain [(mouse sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI)]. hASCs from 5 donors were characterized, and no major differences were depicted. hASCs were cryopreserved and grown on demand. About 1×10(6), 3×10(6), and 6×10(6) hASCs were intravenously injected into normal immunocompetent mice. No mouse died, and no macroscopic toxicity or behavioral changes were observed, confirming the safety of hASCs. hASCs, intravenously (i.v.) injected into C57BL/6 mice when the neuropathic pain was already established, induced a significant reduction in mechanical allodynia and a complete reversion of thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-response fashion, already 1 day after administration. Moreover, the hASCs effect can be boosted by repeated administrations, allowing a prolonged therapeutic effect. Treatment decreased the level of the CCI-induced proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β and activated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the lesioned nerve. hASCs treatment also restored normal inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the spinal cord of CCI animals. Our data suggest that hASCs are worthy of further studies as an anti-inflammatory therapy in the treatment of neuropathic pain or chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sacerdote
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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98
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van Buul GM, van Osch GJVM. Musculoskeletal Stem Cells. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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99
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Stemness and Osteogenic and Adipogenic Potential are Differently Impaired in Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ASCs) Isolated from Obese Donors. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:11-21. [DOI: 10.1177/03946320130260s103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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100
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Ji YR, Yang ZX, Han ZB, Meng L, Liang L, Feng XM, Yang SG, Chi Y, Chen DD, Wang YW, Han ZC. Mesenchymal stem cells support proliferation and terminal differentiation of B cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 30:1526-37. [PMID: 23235695 DOI: 10.1159/000343340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) play important roles in modulating the activities of T lymphocytes, dendritic cells and natural killer cells. These immunoregulatory properties of MSC suggest their therapeutic potential in autoimmune diseases. However, the effects of MSC on B cells are still poorly understood. The present study was designed to investigate the interaction between MSC and B cells both in vitro and in vivo, and to determine the possible mechanism of action. DESIGN AND METHOD The effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) on proliferation and differentiation of B-cells were characterized in vitro, and we also tested the immunoregulatory properties of mouse bone marrow MSC (BM-MSC) on T cell dependent and independent antibody production in vivo in mice. RESULTS Treatment with human UC-MSC resulted in an increase of proliferation, differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and production of antibodies in vitro. Mouse BM-MSC significantly enhanced T cell dependent and independent antibodies production in vivo in mice. PGE2 partially mediated the immunosuppressive activity of human UC-MSC but IL-6 did not regulate this activity. CONCLUSION MSC promote proliferation and differentiation of B cells in vitro and in vivo partially through PGE2 but not IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ru Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union of Medical College, Tianjin, China
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