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Nunes C, Maricato É, Cunha Â, Nunes A, da Silva JAL, Coimbra MA. Chitosan-caffeic acid-genipin films presenting enhanced antioxidant activity and stability in acidic media. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 91:236-43. [PMID: 23044128 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of chitosan films has been limited due to their high degradability in aqueous acidic media. In order to produce chitosan films with high antioxidant activity and insoluble in acid solutions caffeic acid was grafted to chitosan by a radical mechanism using ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate (60 mM). Genipin was used as cross-linker. This methodology originated films with 80% higher antioxidant activity than the pristine film. Also, these films only lost 11% of their mass upon seven days immersion into an aqueous solution at pH 3.5 under stirring. The films surface wettability (contact angle 105°), mechanical properties (68 MPa of tensile strength and 4% of elongation at break), and thermal stability for temperatures lower than 300 °C were not significantly influenced by the covalent linkage of caffeic acid and genipin to chitosan. Due to their characteristics, mainly higher antioxidant activity and lower solubility, these are promising materials to be used as active films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Nunes
- QOPNA & Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Liu W, Tan X, Shu L, Sun H, Song J, Jin P, Yu S, Sun M, Jia X. Ursolic acid inhibits cigarette smoke extract-induced human bronchial epithelial cell injury and prevents development of lung cancer. Molecules 2012; 17:9104-15. [PMID: 22858837 PMCID: PMC6268827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. The present study was aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect of ursolic acid (UA) on these diseases. In the CSE treated normal human bronchial epithelial cell model, UA alleviated cytotoxicity caused by CSE, recovered the intracellular redox balance, and relieved the stimulation of external deleterious factors as well. UA mitigated CSE-induced DNA damage through the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway. Moreover, UA inhibited lung cancer development in the model established by A549 cells in nude mice in vivo. For the first time, our results indicate that UA could be developed as a potential lung cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; (W.L.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (P.J.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; (W.L.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Luan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; (W.L.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Hanyan Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; (W.L.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Ping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; (W.L.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Siming Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; (W.L.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (P.J.)
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Alirezaei M, Dezfoulian O, Neamati S, Rashidipour M, Tanideh N, Kheradmand A. Oleuropein prevents ethanol-induced gastric ulcers via elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 68:583-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-012-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Viljoen A, Mncwangi N, Vermaak I. Anti-inflammatory iridoids of botanical origin. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:2104-27. [PMID: 22414102 PMCID: PMC3873812 DOI: 10.2174/092986712800229005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a manifestation of a wide range of disorders which include; arthritis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, inflammatory bowel syndrome, physical injury and infection amongst many others. Common treatment modalities are usually nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, paracetamol, indomethacin and ibuprofen as well as corticosteroids such as prednisone. These however, may be associated with a host of side effects due to non-selectivity for cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes involved in inflammation and those with selectivity may be highly priced. Thus, there is a continuing search for safe and effective antiinflammatory molecules from natural sources. Research has confirmed that iridoids exhibit promising anti-inflammatory activity which may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammation. Iridoids are secondary metabolites present in various plants, especially in species belonging to the Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae, Loganiaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Verbenaceae families. Many of these ethnobotanicals have an illustrious history of traditional use alluding to their use to treat inflammation. Although iridoids exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities such as cardiovascular, hepatoprotection, hypoglycaemic, antimutagenic, antispasmodic, anti-tumour, antiviral, immunomodulation and purgative effects this review will acutely focus on their anti-inflammatory properties. The paper aims to present a summary for the most prominent iridoid-containing plants for which anti-inflammatory activity has been demonstrated in vitro and / or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Yang YS, Zhang T, Yu SC, Ding Y, Zhang LY, Qiu C, Jin D. Transformation of geniposide into genipin by immobilized β-glucosidase in a two-phase aqueous-organic system. Molecules 2011; 16:4295-304. [PMID: 21610658 PMCID: PMC6263355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16054295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genipin is the bioactive compound of geniposide and a natural cross-linking agent. In order to improve the preparation process of genipin, the hydrolysis of geniposide to genipin by immobilized β-glucosidase in an aqueous-organic two-phase system was studied. β-Glucosidase was immobilized by the crosslinking-embedding method using sodium alginate as the carrier. The optimum reaction temperature, pH value and time were 55 °C, 4.5 and 2.5 h, respectively. To reduce genipin hydrolysis and byproduct production the reaction was carried out in an aqueous-organic two-phase system comprising ethyl acetate and sodium acetate buffer. The product was analyzed by HPLC, UV, IR, and NMR. The yield of genipin was 47.81% and its purity was over 98% (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shun Yang
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.-S.Y.)
- College of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.-C.Y.)
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.-S.Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +86 21 5132 2318; Fax: +86 21 5132 2332
| | - Shai-Cheng Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.-C.Y.)
| | - Yue Ding
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Chen Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.-C.Y.)
| | - Duo Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.-C.Y.)
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Luo C, Wu XG. Lycopene enhances antioxidant enzyme activities and immunity function in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-enduced gastric cancer rats. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3340-51. [PMID: 21686188 PMCID: PMC3116194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12053340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate anticancer effect of lycopene, we examined the effects of lycopene on the oxidative injury and immunity activities of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric cancer rats. The animals were divided into five groups. Group I served as the normal control and was given corn oil orally for 20 weeks. Group II were induced with MNNG 200 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage at days 0 and 14, and saturated NaCl (1 mL per rats) was given once every three days for four weeks until the end of the experimental period. Group III, IV and V were posttreated with lycopene (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in corn oil) from the sixth week of MNNG (as in group II) induction up to the end of the experimental period. In the presence of MNNG, MDA and immunity levels were significantly increased, whereas enzymatic (SOD, CAT, and GPx) antioxidant activities were decreased in the treated rats compared with normal control rats. Administration of lycopene to gastric carcinoma-induced rats largely up-regulated the redox status and immunity activities to decrease the risk of cancer compared to group II. We conclude that up-regulation of antioxidants and immunity by lycopene treatment might be responsible for the anticancer effect in gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- Chemotherapy Department, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310022, China; E-Mail:
| | - Xian-Guo Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310009, China
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Chen RS, Lu MC, Wang SD, Ke HS, Teng RH, Kao YL, Kuo CC, Kao ST, Lin YW, Shieh B, Li C, Liao HF. Two Chinese Herbal Regimens Safe for the Elderly on Inhibiting Liver and Bladder Tumor Cell Growth and Regulating Gene Expression. INT J GERONTOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
AbstractBacterial resistance to antibiotics is increasing at an alarming rate and many commonly used antibiotics are no longer effective. Thus, there is considerable interest in investigating novel antibacterial compounds, such as the plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoids, including oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA) and their derivatives. These compounds can be isolated from many medicinal and crop plants and their antibacterial, antiviral, antiulcer and anti-inflammatory effects are well documented. OA and UA are active against many bacterial species, particularly Gram-positive species, including mycobacteria. They inhibit bacterial growth and survival, and the spectrum of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values is very broad. In addition, OA, UA and their derivatives display potent antimutagenic activity. Studies to identify the cellular targets and molecular mechanisms of OA and UA action were initiated a few years ago and it has already been demonstrated that both acids influence bacterial gene expression, the formation and maintenance of biofilms, cell autolysis and peptidoglycan turnover. Before these compounds can be used clinically as antimicrobial agents, further extensive studies are required to determine their cytotoxicity and the optimum mode of their application.
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Sripanidkulchai K, Teepsawang S, Sripanidkulchai B. Protective Effect of Cratoxylum formosum Extract Against Acid/Alcohol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage in Rats. J Med Food 2010; 13:1097-103. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Somsuda Teepsawang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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