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Wang X, Gai YN, Li BB, Huang LL. Andalucin from Artemisia lannta suppresses the neuroinflammation via the promotion of Nrf2-mediated HO-1 levels by blocking the p65-p300 interaction in LPS-activated BV2 microglia. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 51:226-232. [PMID: 30466621 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays an important role in many neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). Andalucin (ADL), a sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia lannta, has been reported to exhibit NO inhibition in vitro. However, the effect of ADL on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation has not been investigated. PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of ADL against LPS-activated BV2 microglial cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by ELISA. The relevant mechanisms were analyzed by qRT-PCR, Luciferase assay, Western blot and Co-immunoprecipitation Assay. RESULTS ADL inhibited the LPS-induced release of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. In addition, ADL reduced the mRNA and protein levels of iNOS and COX-2. Mechanism studies found that ADL activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and suppressed NF-κB signaling pathway. Further investigation showed that the stimulative effect of ADL on Nrf2 transcriptional activity and the inhibitory effect of ADL on RelA transcriptional activity were due to its regulation on p300-Nrf2/p65 interaction. CONCLUSION ADL displayed anti-neuroinflammatory activity in LPS-activated BV2 cells. The mechanism concerns its regulatory effect on the crosstalk between Nrf2 and p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ya-Nan Gai
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bing-Bing Li
- Department of anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Li-Li Huang
- Department of pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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52
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Luo L, Kim SW, Lee HK, Kim ID, Lee H, Lee JK. Gastrodin exerts robust neuroprotection in the postischemic brain via its protective effect against Zn 2+-toxicity and its anti-oxidative effects in astrocytes. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018; 22:429-437. [PMID: 30533266 PMCID: PMC6282451 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1549099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin (GAS) is a predominant bioactive constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Tianma (Gastrodia elata Blume). Many authors have reported GAS has the beneficial effect on diverse diseases of the CNS, including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemia. Here, we report GAS exhibited a robust neuroprotective effect in an Sprague-Dawley rat model of stroke (transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, tMCAO), and show that the underlying molecular mechanism involves its protective effect against Zn2+-toxicity and its anti-oxidative effects in astrocytes. Intraperitoneal administration of GAS (40 mg/kg) after MCAO reduced mean infarct volume to 30.1 ± 5.9% of that of MCAO controls and this neuroprotective effect was accompanied by neurological function recoveries which was measured using modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Interestingly, GAS induced up-regulation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and subsequently increased the expressions of anti-oxidative genes, such as, HO-1 and GCLM, in astrocytes. Furthermore, GAS co- or pre-treatment markedly suppressed Zn2+-induced cell death caused by excessive ROS production and PARP-1 induction. We found that GAS suppressed p67 expression and PAR formation in astrocytes, which might underlie the anti- Zn2+-toxicity and anti-oxidative effects of GAS in astrocytes. These findings indicate GAS protects astrocytes from Zn2+-induced toxicity and oxidative stress and these effects contribute to its neuroprotective effects in the postischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Luo
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine Incheon, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Kim
- Medical Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine Incheon, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine Incheon, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine Incheon, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahnbie Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine Incheon, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine Incheon, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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53
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Zhao J, Cheng J, Li C, Xu M, Ma C, Qin L, Yi K, Liao N. Ethyl Pyruvate Attenuates CaCl 2-Induced Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy and Inflammatory Responses. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:1585-1595. [DOI: 10.1159/000494445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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54
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Feng Y, Chu A, Luo Q, Wu M, Shi X, Chen Y. The Protective Effect of Astaxanthin on Cognitive Function via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Brains of Chronic T2DM Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:748. [PMID: 30042685 PMCID: PMC6048598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective treatments for diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction. Astaxanthin (AST), the most powerful antioxidant in nature, exhibits diverse biological functions. In this study, we tried to explore whether AST would ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in chronic type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The T2DM rat model was induced via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Forty Wistar rats were divided into a normal control group, an acute T2DM group, a chronic T2DM group, and an AST group (treated with AST at a dose of 25 mg/kg three times a week). The Morris water maze test showed that the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant of the AST group was identical to that of the chronic T2DM group, while the escape latency of the AST group was decreased in comparison to that of the chronic T2DM group. Histology of the hippocampus revealed that AST ameliorated the impairment in the neurons of diabetic rats. Western blot showed that AST could upregulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression and inhibit nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activation in the hippocampus. We found that AST increased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus. In addition, the levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were reduced in the AST group compared with those in the chronic T2DM group. The findings of this research imply that AST might inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by activating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiqun Chu
- Department of General Medicine, Shihua Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Men Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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55
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Jin Y, Tang X, Cao X, Yu L, Chen J, Zhao H, Chen Y, Han L, Bao X, Li F, Xu Y. 4-((5-(Tert-butyl)-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzyl) amino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2018; 204:46-54. [PMID: 29723536 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathological mechanisms which could aggravate ischemic stroke injury. In order to seek for better treatment therapies to alleviate stroke injury, novel chemicals have been synthetized. In the present study, a new compound 4-((5-(tert-butyl)-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzyl) amino)-2- hydroxybenzoic acid, named LX009, was used to determine whether it could reduce the oxidative stress caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reperfusion (RP) and exert neuroprotective effect both in mouse Neuro 2A (N2A) neuroblastoma cells and mouse primary cortical neurons. MAIN METHODS OGD/RP was performed as an in vitro model to mimic the pathologic process of ischemic stroke. We explored the anti-apoptosis effect of LX009 through CCK8 assay, calcein acetoxymethylester/propidium iodide (calcein-AM/PI) staining, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis kit, caspase-3 activity assay. Besides, the anti-oxidative stress effect of the drug was determined by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, nitrite analysis, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular catalase (CAT) and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity. KEY FINDINGS Our results indicated that LX009 could alleviate OGD/RP-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, OGD/RP induced oxidative stress could be reserved by LX009, including measurements of intracellular ROS production, MMP, CAT and Mn-SOD activity. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation level of Akt, as well as the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were elevated after LX009 treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Our present study indicated that LX009 might have the potential to be an anti-oxidative stress agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexinzi Jin
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xuelian Tang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Linjie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Lijuan Han
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China.
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56
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Modulation of diabetes-related liver injury by the HMGB1/TLR4 inflammatory pathway. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:345-358. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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57
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Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in oxidative and reductive stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:721-733. [PMID: 29499228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1012] [Impact Index Per Article: 168.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 and its endogenous inhibitor, Keap1, function as a ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved intracellular defense mechanism to counteract oxidative stress. Sequestered by cytoplasmic Keap1 and targeted to proteasomal degradation in basal conditions, in case of oxidative stress Nrf2 detaches from Keap1 and translocates to the nucleus, where it heterodimerizes with one of the small Maf proteins. The heterodimers recognize the AREs, that are enhancer sequences present in the regulatory regions of Nrf2 target genes, essential for the recruitment of key factors for transcription. In the present review we briefly introduce the Nrf2-Keap1 system and describe Nrf2 functions, illustrate the Nrf2-NF-κB cross-talk, and highlight the effects of the Nrf2-Keap1 system in the physiology and pathophysiology of striated muscle tissue taking into account its role(s) in oxidative stress and reductive stress.
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58
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Li Y, Li X, He K, Li B, Liu K, Qi J, Wang H, Wang Y, Luo W. C-peptide prevents NF-κB from recruiting p300 and binding to the inos promoter in diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J 2018; 32:2269-2279. [PMID: 29229684 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700891r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
C-peptide (CP) has demonstrated unique beneficial effects in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but whether and how CP regulates NF-κB and its coactivator, p300, to suppress inducible iNOS and antagonize DN are unknown. iNOS expression, NF-κB nuclear translocation, colocalization and binding of NF-κB to p300, binding of NF-κB to the inos promoter, and the bound NF-κB, p300, and histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) at binding sites were measured in high glucose-stimulated mesangial cells. We evaluated pathologic changes, iNOS expression, NF-κB, and p300 contents in diabetic rats. We found that CP inhibited iNOS expression and notably prevented colocalization and binding of NF-κB and p300. CP prevented NF-κB from binding to the inos promoter, especially at the distal site, and reduced bound NF-κB, p300, and H3K9ac. N-terminal plus middle fragment could mostly mimic the antagonizing effects of CP against the pathologic changes of DN and equally suppresses renal iNOS expression as CP. In conclusion, CP prevented NF-κB from recruiting p300 and binding to the inos promoter, and decreased H3K9ac at the binding sites to suppress iNOS expression and antagonize DN, with the effect region identified as N-terminal plus middle fragment.-Li, Y., Li, X., He, K., Li, B., Liu, K., Qi, J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Luo, W. C-peptide prevents NF-κB from recruiting p300 and binding to the inos promoter in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kunyu He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinsheng Qi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weigang Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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59
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Sturm C, Wagner AE. Brassica-Derived Plant Bioactives as Modulators of Chemopreventive and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1890. [PMID: 28862664 PMCID: PMC5618539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A high consumption of vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family has been related to a lower incidence of chronic diseases including different kinds of cancer. These beneficial effects of, e.g., broccoli, cabbage or rocket (arugula) intake have been mainly dedicated to the sulfur-containing glucosinolates (GLSs)-secondary plant compounds nearly exclusively present in Brassicaceae-and in particular to their bioactive breakdown products including isothiocyanates (ITCs). Overall, the current literature indicate that selected Brassica-derived ITCs exhibit health-promoting effects in vitro, as well as in laboratory mice in vivo. Some studies suggest anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for ITCs which may be communicated through an activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) that controls the expression of antioxidant and phase II enzymes. Furthermore, it has been shown that ITCs are able to significantly ameliorate a severe inflammatory phenotype in colitic mice in vivo. As there are studies available suggesting an epigenetic mode of action for Brassica-derived phytochemicals, the conduction of further studies would be recommendable to investigate if the beneficial effects of these compounds also persist during an irregular consumption pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sturm
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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60
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Anti-oxidative effects of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in astrocytes confer protective effects in autocrine and paracrine manners. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177322. [PMID: 28489907 PMCID: PMC5425201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA) is an important phenolic constituent of Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), a traditional herbal medicine used in East Asia. Many activities have been reported to underlie the beneficial effects of 4-HBA in the brain, and in particular, its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-zinc-toxic effects have been implicated in the postischemic brain. Here, the authors investigated the anti-oxidative effect of 4-HBA on astrocytes and sought to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. 4-HBA dose-dependently suppressed H2O2-induced astrocyte cell death. More specifically, pre-incubation of C6 cells (an astrocyte cell line) with 100 μM 4-HBA for 6 hrs increased survival when cells were treated with H2O2 (100 μM, 1 hr) from 54.2±0.7% to 85.9±1.5%. In addition, 4-HBA was found to up-regulate and activate Nrf2, and subsequently, to induce the expressions of several anti-oxidative genes, such as, HO-1, NQO1, and GCLM. Notably, HO-1 was induced by 3.4-fold in 4-HBA-treated C6 cells, and siRNA-mediated HO-1 knockdown demonstrated that Nrf2 activation and HO-1 induction were responsible for the observed cytoprotective effect of 4-HBA. ERK and Akt signaling pathways were activated by 4-HBA in C6 cells, suggesting their involvements in protective effect of 4-HBA. In addition, 4-HBA-conditioned astrocyte culture medium was found to have neuroprotective effects on primary neuronal cultures or fresh C6 cells exposed to oxidative stress, and these effects seemed to be mediated by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which both accumulated in 4-HBA-treated astrocyte culture media. Thus, the 4-HBA-mediated activation of Nrf2 and induction of HO-1 in astrocytes were found to act via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms to confer protective effects. Furthermore, given the pleiotropic effects of 4-HBA with respect to its targeting of various brain cell types and functions, it would appear that 4-HBA has therapeutic potential for the prevention and amelioration of various brain diseases.
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61
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Lee HK, Kim ID, Kim SW, Lee H, Park JY, Yoon SH, Lee JK. Anti-inflammatory and anti-excitoxic effects of diethyl oxopropanamide, an ethyl pyruvate bioisoster, exert robust neuroprotective effects in the postischemic brain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42891. [PMID: 28220827 PMCID: PMC5318887 DOI: 10.1038/srep42891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid and has been shown to have robust neuroprotective effects via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic functions. In an effort to develop novel EP derivatives with greater protective potencies than EP, we generated four EP isosteres, among them the neuroprotective potency of N,N-diethyl-2-oxopropanamide (DEOPA), in which the ethoxy group of EP was replaced with diethylamine, was far greater than that of EP. When DEOPA was administered intravenously (5 mg/kg) to rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model at 6 hrs post-surgery, it suppressed infarct formation, ameliorated neurological and sensory/motor deficits, and inhibited microglial activation and neutrophil infiltrations in the postischemic brain more effectively than EP. In particular, DEOPA markedly suppressed LPS-induced nitrite production and cytokine/chemokine inductions in microglia, neutrophils, and endothelial cells and these effects are attributable to inhibition of the activity of NF-κB by suppressing IκB-α degradation and p65 to DNA binding. In addition, DEOPA suppressed NMDA-induced neuronal cell death in primary cortical neuron cultures by NAD replenishment and suppression of NF-κB activity. Together, these results indicate DEOPA has multi-modal protective effects against ischemic brain damage targeting numerous cell types in the brain and also against other inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahnbie Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwa Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon, Republic of Korea
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62
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Trotter LA, Patel D, Dubin S, Guerra C, McCloud V, Lockwood P, Messer R, Wataha JC, Lewis JB. Violet/blue light activates Nrf2 signaling and modulates the inflammatory response of THP-1 monocytes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:883-889. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00299d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that light in the UVA range (320–400 nm) activates signaling pathways that are anti-inflammatory and antioxidative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Patel
- Augusta University
- Dept. of Oral Biology
- Augusta
- USA
- University of Kentucky
| | - S. Dubin
- Western University of Health Sciences
- College of Dental Medicine
- Pomona
- USA
| | - C. Guerra
- Western University of Health Sciences
- College of Dental Medicine
- Pomona
- USA
| | - V. McCloud
- Augusta University
- Dept. of Oral Biology
- Augusta
- USA
| | - P. Lockwood
- Augusta University
- Dept. of Oral Biology
- Augusta
- USA
| | - R. Messer
- Augusta University
- Dept. of Oral Biology
- Augusta
- USA
| | - J. C. Wataha
- Augusta University
- Dept. of Oral Biology
- Augusta
- USA
- University of Washington
| | - J. B. Lewis
- Augusta University
- Dept. of Oral Biology
- Augusta
- USA
- Western University of Health Sciences
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63
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Ahmed SMU, Luo L, Namani A, Wang XJ, Tang X. Nrf2 signaling pathway: Pivotal roles in inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:585-597. [PMID: 27825853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1154] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the most common feature of many chronic diseases and complications, while playing critical roles in carcinogenesis. Several studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 contributes to the anti-inflammatory process by orchestrating the recruitment of inflammatory cells and regulating gene expression through the antioxidant response element (ARE). The Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein)/Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2)/ARE signaling pathway mainly regulates anti-inflammatory gene expression and inhibits the progression of inflammation. Therefore, the identification of new Nrf2-dependent anti-inflammatory phytochemicals has become a key point in drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the members of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signal pathway and its downstream genes, the effects of this pathway on animal models of inflammatory diseases, and crosstalk with the NF-κB pathway. In addition we also discuss about the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by Nrf2. Besides this, we summarize the current scenario of the development of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals and others that mediate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Minhaj Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Akhileshwar Namani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiu Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Lee DS, Lee M, Sung SH, Jeong GS. Involvement of heme oxygenase-1 induction in the cytoprotective and neuroinflammatory activities of Siegesbeckia Pubescens isolated from 5,3′-dihydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone in HT22 cells and BV2 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ding HY, Wu PS, Wu MJ. Cleome rutidosperma and Euphorbia thymifolia Suppress Inflammatory Response via Upregulation of Phase II Enzymes and Modulation of NF-κB and JNK Activation in LPS-Stimulated BV2 Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091420. [PMID: 27618898 PMCID: PMC5037699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleome rutidosperma DC. and Euphorbia thymifolia L. are herbal medicines used in traditional Indian and Chinese medicine to treat various illnesses. Reports document that they have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in their anti-inflammatory actions have not yet been elucidated. The anti-neuroinflammatory activities and underlying mechanisms of ethanol extracts of Cleome rutidosperma (CR) and Euphorbia thymifolia (ET) were studied using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cell line BV2. The morphology changes and production of pro-inflammatory mediators were assayed. Gene expression of inflammatory genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, and CC chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, as well as phase II enzymes such as heme oxygenase (HO)-1, the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), were further investigated using reverse transcription quantitative-PCR (RT-Q-PCR) and Western blotting. The effects of CR and ET on mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways were examined using Western blotting and specific inhibitors. CR and ET suppressed BV2 activation, down-regulated iNOS and COX-2 expression and inhibited nitric oxide (NO) overproduction without affecting cell viability. They reduced LPS-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6 production, attenuated IL-1β and CCL2 expression, but upregulated HO-1, GCLM and NQO1 expression. They also inhibited p65 NF-κB phosphorylation and modulated Jun-N terminal kinase (JNK) activation in BV2 cells. SP600125, the JNK inhibitor, significantly augmented the anti-IL-6 activity of ET. NF-κB inhibitor, Bay 11-7082, enhanced the anti-IL-6 effects of both CR and ET. Znpp, a competitive inhibitor of HO-1, attenuated the anti-NO effects of CR and ET. Our results show that CR and ET exhibit anti-neuroinflammatory activities by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediator expression and production, upregulating HO-1, GCLM and NQO1, blocking NF-κB and modulating JNK signaling pathways. They may offer therapeutic potential for suppressing overactivated microglia and alleviating neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiou-Yu Ding
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
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Lee H, Kim SW, Lee HK, Luo L, Kim ID, Lee JK. Upregulation of Nrf2–p300 mediates anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in microglia by downregulating p65–p300. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2016.1223169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Aromatic malononitriles stimulate the resistance of insulin-producing beta-cells to oxidants and inflammatory cytokines. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 784:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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68
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Dilshara MG, Jayasooriya RGPT, Lee S, Choi YH, Kim GY. Morin downregulates nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by suppressing NF-κB activity and activating HO-1 induction. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 44:62-68. [PMID: 27131287 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Morin possesses anti-inflammatory activity against septic shock and allergic responses, and prevents acute liver damage. However, the biological mechanism of action of morin in neuroinflammation remains largely unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated whether morin has the ability to attenuate expression of proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Morin inhibited the expression of LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2, without any cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, LPS-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were inhibited both at the mRNA and protein levels in response to morin. Morin also attenuated LPS-induced DNA-binding activity of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) and its promoter activity. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific NF-κB inhibitor, downregulated the expression of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2, which suggests that morin-mediated NF-κB inhibition is the main signaling pathway responsible for the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression. Additionally, morin increased induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity, leading to the suppression of NO and PGE2 production. Our results indicate that morin downregulates the expression of proinflammatory genes, such as iNOS and COX-2, involved in the synthesis of NO and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by suppressing NF-κB activity and activation of HO-1. Taken together, the findings of the present study suggest that morin may have potential as a therapeutic for the prevention of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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69
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Liu CW, Lin HW, Yang DJ, Chen SY, Tseng JK, Chang TJ, Chang YY. Luteolin inhibits viral-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells via suppression of STAT1/3 dependent NF-κB and activation of HO-1. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:180-9. [PMID: 27016074 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a common dietary flavonoid present in Chinese herbal medicines that has been reported to have important anti-inflammatory properties. Previous studies have shown that luteolin is an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent. In this study, the anti-virus inflammatory capacity of luteolin and its molecular mechanisms of action were analyzed. The cytotoxic effects of luteolin were assessed in the presence or absence of pseudorabies virus (PRV) via LDH and MTT assays. The results showed that luteolin (<10μM) had no toxic effects and there were tendencies toward higher cell survival. In PRV-infected RAW264.7 cells, luteolin potently inhibited the production of NO, iNOS, COX-2 and inflammatory cytokine production. Luteolin did not inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, p38, and JNK 1/2 either. We found that PRV-induced NF-κB activation is regulated through inhibition of STAT1and STAT3 phosphorylation in response to luteolin. Additionally, luteolin caused the induction of HO-1 via upregulation of Nrf2, both of which are involved in the secretion of proinflammatory mediators. The blockade of HO-1 expression with SnPP, a HO-1 inhibitor, attenuated HO-1 induction by luteolin and thus mitigated its anti-inflammatory effects during PRV-infected RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, our data indicate that luteolin diminishes the proinflammatory mediators NO, inflammatory cytokines and the expression of their regulatory genes, iNOS and COX-2, in PRV-infected RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting STAT1/3 dependent NF-κB activation and inducing Nrf2mediated HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Liu
- Department of Post-Modern Agriculture, MingDao University, Changhua 52345, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Lin
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Jye Yang
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management and Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, and School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Kai Tseng
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Jye Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yen Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Liu X, Li H, Liu L, Lu Y, Gao Y, Geng P, Li X, Huang B, Zhang Y, Lu J. Methylation of arginine by PRMT1 regulates Nrf2 transcriptional activity during the antioxidative response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2093-103. [PMID: 27183873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The cap 'n' collar (CNC) family of transcription factors play important roles in resistance of oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Among the CNC family members, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is critical for regulating the antioxidant and phase II enzymes through antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transactivation. The activity of Nrf2 is controlled by a variety of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation and sumoylation. Here we demonstrate that the arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) methylates Nrf2 protein at a single residue of arginine 437, both in vitro and in vivo. Using the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as a model of phase II enzyme gene, we found that methylation of Nrf2 by PRMT1 led to a moderate increase of its DNA-binding activity and transactivation, which subsequently protected cells against the tBHP-induced glutathione depletion and cell death. Collectively, our results define a novel modification of Nrf2, which operates as a fine-tuning mechanism for the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 under the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lingxia Liu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yang Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Pengyu Geng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Baiqu Huang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China.
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71
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Involvement of MEK-ERK1-2 pathway in the anti-oxidant response in C6 glioma cells after diesel exhaust particles exposure. Toxicol Lett 2016; 250-251:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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72
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Manchope MF, Calixto-Campos C, Coelho-Silva L, Zarpelon AC, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Georgetti SR, Baracat MM, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Naringenin Inhibits Superoxide Anion-Induced Inflammatory Pain: Role of Oxidative Stress, Cytokines, Nrf-2 and the NO-cGMP-PKG-KATP Channel Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153015. [PMID: 27045367 PMCID: PMC4821586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effect and mechanism of action of the flavonoid naringenin were evaluated in superoxide anion donor (KO2)-induced inflammatory pain in mice. Naringenin reduced KO2-induced overt-pain like behavior, mechanical hyperalgesia, and thermal hyperalgesia. The analgesic effect of naringenin depended on the activation of the NO−cGMP−PKG−ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) signaling pathway. Naringenin also reduced KO2-induced neutrophil recruitment (myeloperoxidase activity), tissue oxidative stress, and cytokine production. Furthermore, naringenin downregulated KO2-induced mRNA expression of gp91phox, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and preproendothelin-1. Besides, naringenin upregulated KO2-reduced nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expression coupled with enhanced heme oxygenase (HO-1) mRNA expression. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the use of naringenin represents a potential therapeutic approach reducing superoxide anion-driven inflammatory pain. The antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are mediated via activation of the NO−cGMP−PKG−KATP channel signaling involving the induction of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília F. Manchope
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Cássia Calixto-Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Letícia Coelho-Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Zarpelon
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sandra R. Georgetti
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marcela M. Baracat
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rúbia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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73
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Song Y, Wen L, Sun J, Bai W, Jiao R, Hu Y, Peng X, He Y, Ou S. Cytoprotective mechanism of ferulic acid against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:30323. [PMID: 26869273 PMCID: PMC4751457 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.30323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic acid, is a potential therapy for diabetes mellitus. FA has been shown to protect against hepatic and myocardial injury and oxidative stress in obese rats with late-stage diabetes, but the mechanism of the antioxidative activity of FA is still unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to elucidate whether FA can prevent damage to cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes caused by high glucose (HG)-induced oxidative stress and whether the protection effects of FA on these cells are related to the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathways. Design Cells were divided into four groups: a control group (cultured with normal medium), an HG group (medium containing 80 mmol/L glucose), an FA+HG group (medium containing 80 mmol/L glucose and 1, 5, or 10 µg/mL FA), and a dimethylbiguanide (DMBG)+HG group (medium containing 80 mmol/L glucose and 50 µg/mL DMBG). Results FA treatment significantly increased cell viability and significantly decreased cell apoptosis compared with the HG-treated group. Moreover, FA down-regulated the expression of Keap1 protein and up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 protein and gene transcription of HO-1 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion FA alleviated the HG-induced oxidative stress and decreased cell apoptosis in hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. These effects were associated with the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Song
- Out-patient Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luona Wen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Rui Jiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- Out-patient Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong He
- Out-patient Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;
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Jiang S, Deng C, Lv J, Fan C, Hu W, Di S, Yan X, Ma Z, Liang Z, Yang Y. Nrf2 Weaves an Elaborate Network of Neuroprotection Against Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1440-1455. [PMID: 26846360 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a neuroprotective transcription factor that has recently attracted increased attention. Stroke, a common and serious neurological disease, is currently a leading cause of death in the USA so far. It is therefore of vital importance to explore how Nrf2 behaves in stroke. In this review, we first introduce the structural features of Nrf2 and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and briefly depict the activation, inactivation, and regulation processes of the Nrf2 pathway. Next, we discuss the physiopathological mechanisms, upstream modulators, and downstream targets of the Nrf2 pathway. Following this background, we expand our discussion to the roles of Nrf2 in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and provide several potential future directions. The information presented here may be useful in the design of future experimental research and increase the likelihood of using Nrf2 as a therapeutic target for stroke in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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75
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Kim YJ, Hong SM, Park SY, Chon S. Glabridin Alleviates the Toxic Effects of Methylglyoxal on Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells by Increasing Expression of the Glyoxalase System and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Protecting Mitochondrial Function. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:226-235. [PMID: 26670935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) contributes to the pathogenesis of age- and diabetes-associated complications. The present study investigated the effects of glabridin on MG-induced cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with glabridin in the presence of MG, and markers of mitochondrial function and oxidative damage were examined. Pretreatment of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells with glabridin prevented MG-induced cell death, the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxides, cardiolipin peroxidation, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. The soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGEs)/RAGE ratio increased upon MG treatment, but less so after pretreatment with glabridin, which also increased the level of reduced glutathione and the activities of glyoxalase I and heme oxygenase-1, all of which were reduced by MG. In addition, glabridin elevated the level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. These findings suggest that glabridin protects against MG-induced cell damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and increasing MG detoxification. Pretreatment of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells with glabridin reduced MG-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, the nitric oxide level significantly increased upon glabridin pretreatment. Together, these data show that glabridin may potentially serve to prevent the development of diabetic bone disease associated with MG-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- Research Institute of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Hospital , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Hong
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yong Park
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Macoch M, Morzadec C, Génard R, Pallardy M, Kerdine-Römer S, Fardel O, Vernhet L. Nrf2-dependent repression of interleukin-12 expression in human dendritic cells exposed to inorganic arsenic. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:381-390. [PMID: 25680285 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic, a well-known Nrf2 inducer, exerts immunosuppressive properties. In this context, we recently reported that the differentiation of human blood monocytes into immature dendritic cells (DCs), in the presence of low and noncytotoxic concentrations of arsenic, represses the ability of DCs to release key cytokines in response to different stimulating agents. Particularly, arsenic inhibits the expression of human interleukin-12 (IL-12, also named IL-12p70), a major proinflammatory cytokine that controls the differentiation of Th1 lymphocytes. In the present study, we determined if Nrf2 could contribute to these arsenic immunotoxic effects. To this goal, human monocyte-derived DCs were first differentiated in the absence of metalloid and then pretreated with arsenic just before DC stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Under these experimental conditions, arsenic rapidly and stably activates Nrf2 and increases the expression of Nrf2 target genes. It also significantly inhibits IL-12 expression in activated DCs, at both mRNA and protein levels. Particularly, arsenic reduces mRNA levels of IL12A and IL12B genes which encodes the p35 and p40 subunits of IL-12p70, respectively. tert-Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a reference Nrf2 inducer, mimics arsenic effects and potently inhibits IL-12 expression. Genetic inhibition of Nrf2 expression markedly prevents the repression of both IL12 mRNA and IL-12 protein levels triggered by arsenic and tBHQ in human LPS-stimulated DCs. In addition, arsenic significantly reduces IL-12 mRNA levels in LPS-activated bone marrow-derived DCs from Nrf2+/+ mice but not in DCs from Nrf2-/- mice. Finally, we show that, besides IL-12, arsenic significantly reduces the expression of IL-23, another heterodimer containing the p40 subunit. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that arsenic represses IL-12 expression in human-activated DCs by specifically stimulating Nrf2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélinda Macoch
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Claudie Morzadec
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Romain Génard
- INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France; UniverSud, INSERM, UMR-996 "Cytokines, chemokines and immunopathology", Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Marc Pallardy
- INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France; UniverSud, INSERM, UMR-996 "Cytokines, chemokines and immunopathology", Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Saadia Kerdine-Römer
- INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France; UniverSud, INSERM, UMR-996 "Cytokines, chemokines and immunopathology", Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rennes, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Vernhet
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
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Winkel AF, Engel CK, Margerie D, Kannt A, Szillat H, Glombik H, Kallus C, Ruf S, Güssregen S, Riedel J, Herling AW, von Knethen A, Weigert A, Brüne B, Schmoll D. Characterization of RA839, a Noncovalent Small Molecule Binder to Keap1 and Selective Activator of Nrf2 Signaling. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28446-28455. [PMID: 26459563 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) maintains cellular homeostasis in response to oxidative stress by the regulation of multiple cytoprotective genes. Without stressors, the activity of Nrf2 is inhibited by its interaction with the Keap1 (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1). Here, we describe (3S)-1-[4-[(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl) sulfonylamino]-1-naphthyl]pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (RA839), a small molecule that binds noncovalently to the Nrf2-interacting kelch domain of Keap1 with a Kd of ∼6 μM, as demonstrated by x-ray co-crystallization and isothermal titration calorimetry. Whole genome DNA arrays showed that at 10 μM RA839 significantly regulated 105 probe sets in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Canonical pathway mapping of these probe sets revealed an activation of pathways linked with Nrf2 signaling. These pathways were also activated after the activation of Nrf2 by the silencing of Keap1 expression. RA839 regulated only two genes in Nrf2 knock-out macrophages. Similar to the activation of Nrf2 by either silencing of Keap1 expression or by the reactive compound 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester (CDDO-Me), RA839 prevented the induction of both inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide release in response to lipopolysaccharides in macrophages. In mice, RA839 acutely induced Nrf2 target gene expression in liver. RA839 is a selective inhibitor of the Keap1/Nrf2 interaction and a useful tool compound to study the biology of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aimo Kannt
- R&D, Sanofi, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sven Ruf
- R&D, Sanofi, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andreas von Knethen
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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78
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Dwivedi S, Rajasekar N, Hanif K, Nath C, Shukla R. Sulforaphane Ameliorates Okadaic Acid-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Antioxidant Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5310-23. [PMID: 26433376 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OKA) causes memory impairment and attenuates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) along with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats. Sulforaphane (dietary isothiocyanate compound), an activator of Nrf2 signaling, exhibits neuroprotective effects. However, the protective effect of sulforaphane in OKA-induced neurotoxicity remains uninvestigated. Therefore, in the present study, the role of sulforaphane in OKA-induced memory impairment in rats was explored. A significant increased Nrf2 expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was observed in trained (Morris water maze) rats, and a significant decreased Nrf2 expression in memory-impaired (OKA, 200 ng icv) rats indicated its involvement in memory function. Sulforaphane administration (5 and 10 mg/kg, ip, days 1 and 2) ameliorates OKA-induced memory impairment in rats. The treatment also restored Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant protein expression (GCLC, HO-1) and attenuated oxidative stress (ROS, nitrite, GSH), neuroinflammation (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-10), and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of OKA-treated rats. Further, to determine whether modulation of Nrf2 signaling is responsible for the protective effect of sulforaphane, in vitro, Nrf2 siRNA and its downstream HO-1 inhibition studies were carried out in a rat astrocytoma cell line (C6). The protective effects of sulforaphane were abolished with Nrf2 siRNA and HO-1 inhibition in astrocytes. The results suggest that Nrf2-dependent activation of cellular antioxidant machinery results in sulforaphane-mediated protection against OKA-induced memory impairment in rats. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Dwivedi
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - N Rajasekar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai, India
| | - Chandishwar Nath
- Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai, India
| | - Rakesh Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai, India.
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79
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Jiang W, Luo F, Lu Q, Liu J, Li P, Wang X, Fu Y, Hao K, Yan T, Ding X. The protective effect of Trillin LPS-induced acute lung injury by the regulations of inflammation and oxidative state. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 243:127-34. [PMID: 26363199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation response and oxidative stress have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Accordingly, anti-inflammatory treatment is proposed to be a possible efficient therapeutic strategy for ALI. The purpose of our present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of trillin (Tr) on ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice and explore the underlying mechanism. BALB/c mice received Tr (50, 100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 1 h prior to the intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Pretreatment with Tr at the dose of 50, 100 mg/kg markedly ameliorated lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and pulmonary histopathological conditions. In addition, the protective efficacy of Tr might be attributed to the down-regulations of neutrophil infiltration, malondialdehyde (MDA), inflammatory cytokines and the up-regulations of super-oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione(GSH), Glutathione Peroxidase(GSH-Px) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Meanwhile, our study revealed some correlations between (NF-E2-related factor 2) Nrf2/heme oxygenase (HO)-1/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways and the beneficial effect of Tr, as evidenced by the significant up-regulations of HO-1 and Nrf2 protein expressions as well as the down-regulations of p-NF-κB and p-inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) in lung tissues. Taken together, our results indicated that Tr exhibited protective effect on LPS-induced ALI by the regulations of related inflammatory events via the activations of Nrf2, HO-1 and NF-κB pathway. The current study indicated that Tr could be a potentially effective candidate medicine for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fen Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yeliu Fu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Kun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Abstract
In most tissues, cells are exposed to frequent changes in levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are the two key transcription factors that regulate cellular responses to oxidative stress and inflammation respectively. Pharmacological and genetic studies suggest that there is functional cross-talk between these two important pathways. The absence of Nrf2 can exacerbate NF-κB activity leading to increased cytokine production, whereas NF-κB can modulate Nrf2 transcription and activity, having both positive and negative effects on the target gene expression. This review focuses on the potentially complex molecular mechanisms that link the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways and the importance of designing more effective therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat a broad range of neurological disorders.
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81
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Short term exposure to ethyl pyruvate has long term anti-inflammatory effects on microglial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 72:11-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Shin JH, Kim ID, Kim SW, Lee HK, Jin Y, Park JH, Kim TK, Suh CK, Kwak J, Lee KH, Han PL, Lee JK. Ethyl pyruvate inhibits HMGB1 phosphorylation and release by chelating calcium. Mol Med 2015; 20:649-57. [PMID: 25333921 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid, has been shown to have antiinflammatory effects and to confer protective effects in various pathological conditions. Recently, a number of studies have reported EP inhibits high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion and suggest this might contribute to its antiinflammatory effect. Since EP is used in a calcium-containing balanced salt solution (Ringer solution), we wondered if EP directly chelates Ca(2+) and if it is related to the EP-mediated suppression of HMGB1 release. Calcium imaging assays revealed that EP significantly and dose-dependently suppressed high K(+)-induced transient [Ca(2+)]i surges in primary cortical neurons and, similarly, fluorometric assays showed that EP directly scavenges Ca(2+) as the peak of fluorescence emission intensities of Mag-Fura-2 (a low-affinity Ca(2+) indicator) was shifted in the presence of EP at concentrations of ≥7 mmol/L. Furthermore, EP markedly suppressed the A23187-induced intracellular Ca(2+) surge in BV2 cells and, under this condition, A23187-induced activations of Ca(2+)-mediated kinases (protein kinase Cα and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV), HMGB1 phosphorylation and subsequent secretion of HMGB1 also were suppressed. (A23187 is a calcium ionophore and BV2 cells are a microglia cell line.) Moreover, the above-mentioned EP-mediated effects were obtained independent of cell death or survival, which suggests that they are direct effects of EP. Together, these results indicate that EP directly chelates Ca(2+), and that it is, at least in part, responsible for the suppression of HMGB1 release by EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyun Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yinchuan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kook Suh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kwak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hyeung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Miljković D, Blaževski J, Petković F, Djedović N, Momčilović M, Stanisavljević S, Jevtić B, Mostarica Stojković M, Spasojević I. A Comparative Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis–Relevant Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Ethyl Pyruvate and Dimethyl Fumarate. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2493-503. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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84
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Yang Y, Jiang S, Yan J, Li Y, Xin Z, Lin Y, Qu Y. An overview of the molecular mechanisms and novel roles of Nrf2 in neurodegenerative disorders. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 26:47-57. [PMID: 25280871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, growing evidence has demonstrated that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a pivotal regulator of endogenous defense systems that function via the activation of a set of protective genes, and this is particularly clear in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, it is highly useful to summarize the current literature on the molecular mechanisms and role of Nrf2 in the CNS. In this review, we first briefly introduce the molecular features of Nrf2. We then discuss the regulation, cerebral actions, upstream modulators and downstream targets of Nrf2 pathway. Following this background, we expand our discussion to the role of Nrf2 in several major neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lastly, we discuss some potential future directions. The information reviewed here may be significant in the design of further experimental research and increase the potential of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juanjuan Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhenlong Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Scientific Research, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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85
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Mu J, Zhuang X, Wang Q, Jiang H, Deng ZB, Wang B, Zhang L, Kakar S, Jun Y, Miller D, Zhang HG. Interspecies communication between plant and mouse gut host cells through edible plant derived exosome-like nanoparticles. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1561-73. [PMID: 24842810 PMCID: PMC4851829 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Exosomes, small vesicles participating in intercellular communication, have been extensively studied recently; however, the role of edible plant derived exosomes in interspecies communication has not been investigated. Here, we investigate the biological effects of edible plant derived exosome-like nanoparticles (EPDENs) on mammalian cells. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, exosome-like nanoparticles from four edible plants were isolated and characterized. We show that these EPDENs contain proteins, lipids, and microRNA. EPDENs are taken up by intestinal macrophages and stem cells. The results generated from EPDEN-transfected macrophages indicate that ginger EPDENs preferentially induce the expression of the antioxidation gene, heme oxygenase-1 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10; whereas grapefruit, ginger, and carrot EPDENs promote activation of nuclear factor like (erythroid-derived 2). Furthermore, analysis of the intestines of canonical Wnt-reporter mice, i.e. B6.Cg-Tg(BAT-lacZ)3Picc/J mice, revealed that the numbers of β-galactosidase(+) (β-Gal) intestinal crypts are increased, suggesting that EPDEN treatment of mice leads to Wnt-mediated activation of the TCF4 transcription machinery in the crypts. CONCLUSION The data suggest a role for EPDEN-mediated interspecies communication by inducing expression of genes for anti-inflammation cytokines, antioxidation, and activation of Wnt signaling, which are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Mu
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Xiaoying Zhuang
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Qilong Wang
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Hong Jiang
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Zhong-Bin Deng
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Baomei Wang
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sham Kakar
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Yan Jun
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Donald Miller
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Louisville Veterans Administration Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
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Song Y, Wu T, Yang Q, Chen X, Wang M, Wang Y, Peng X, Ou S. Ferulic acid alleviates the symptoms of diabetes in obese rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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87
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Shin JH, Lee HK, Lee HB, Jin Y, Lee JK. Ethyl pyruvate inhibits HMGB1 phosphorylation and secretion in activated microglia and in the postischemic brain. Neurosci Lett 2014; 558:159-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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