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Targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) to combat the age-related loss of muscle mass and function. Biogerontology 2020; 21:475-484. [PMID: 32447556 PMCID: PMC7347670 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and function with age, termed sarcopenia, is an inevitable process, which has a significant impact on quality of life. During ageing we observe a progressive loss of total muscle fibres and a reduction in cross-sectional area of the remaining fibres, resulting in a significant reduction in force output. The mechanisms which underpin sarcopenia are complex and poorly understood, ranging from inflammation, dysregulation of protein metabolism and denervation. However, there is significant evidence to demonstrate that modified ROS generation, redox dis-homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction may have an important role to play. Based on this, significant interest and research has interrogated potential ROS-targeted therapies, ranging from nutritional-based interventions such as vitamin E/C, polyphenols (resveratrol) and targeted pharmacological compounds, using molecules such as SS-31 and MitoQ. In this review we evaluate these approaches to target aberrant age-related ROS generation and the impact on muscle mass and function.
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52
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Madero-Ayala PA, Mares-Alejandre RE, Ramos-Ibarra MA. A molecular dynamics approach on the Y393C variant of protein disulfide isomerase A1. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1341-1347. [PMID: 32352225 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) shows both catalytic (i.e., oxidoreductase) and non-catalytic (i.e., chaperone) activities and plays a crucial role in the oxidative folding of proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum. PDIA1 dysregulation is a common trait in numerous pathophysiological conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancerous diseases. The 1178A>G mutation of the human PDIA1-encoding gene is a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism detected in patients with Cole-Carpenter syndrome type 1 (CSS1), a particularly rare bone disease. In vitro studies showed that the encoded variant (PDIA1 Y393C) exhibits limited oxidoreductase activity. To gain knowledge on the structure-function relationship, we undertook a molecular dynamics (MD) approach to examine the structural stability of PDIA1 Y393C. Results showed that significant conformational changes are the structural consequence of the amino acid substitution Tyr>Cys at position 393 of the PDIA1 protein. This structure-based study provides further knowledge about the molecular origin of CCS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Madero-Ayala
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología y Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, México
| | - Rosa E Mares-Alejandre
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología y Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, México
| | - Marco A Ramos-Ibarra
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología y Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, México
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53
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Hu Q, Huang K, Tao C, Zhu X. Protein disulphide isomerase can predict the clinical prognostic value and contribute to malignant progression in gliomas. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5888-5900. [PMID: 32301283 PMCID: PMC7214159 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence from structural and functional studies has indicated that protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) has a critical role in the proliferation, survival and metastasis of several types of cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms through which PDI contributes to glioma remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the differential expression of 17 PDI family members was closely related to the different clinicopathological features in gliomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas data sets. Additionally, four subgroups of gliomas (cluster 1/2/3/4) were identified based on consensus clustering of the PDI gene family. These findings not only demonstrated that a poorer prognosis, higher WHO grade, lower frequency of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and higher 1p/19q non‐codeletion status were significantly correlated with cluster 4 compared with the other clusters, but also indicated that the malignant progression of glioma was closely correlated with the expression of PDI family members. Moreover, we also constructed an independent prognostic marker that can predict the clinicopathological features of gliomas. Overall, the results indicated that PDI family members may serve as possible diagnostic markers in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuming Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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54
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Wang J, He W, Tsai PJ, Chen PH, Ye M, Guo J, Su Z. Mutual interaction between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:72. [PMID: 32284046 PMCID: PMC7155254 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic syndrome. Imbalances between liver lipid output and input are the direct causes of NAFLD, and hepatic steatosis is the pathological premise and basis for NAFLD progression. Mutual interaction between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and oxidative stress play important roles in NAFLD pathogenesis. Notably, mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) act as a structural bridges for functional clustering of molecules, particularly for Ca2+, lipids, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) exchange. Previous studies have examined the crucial roles of ERS and ROS in NAFLD and have shown that MAM structural and functional integrity determines normal ER- mitochondria communication. Upon disruption of MAM integrity, miscommunication directly or indirectly causes imbalances in Ca2+ homeostasis and increases ERS and oxidative stress. Here, we emphasize the involvement of MAMs in glucose and lipid metabolism, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in NAFLD and summarize MAM-targeting drugs and compounds, most of which achieve their therapeutic or ameliorative effects on NAFLD by improving MAM integrity. Therefore, targeting MAMs may be a viable strategy for NAFLD treatment. This review provides new ideas and key points for basic NAFLD research and drug development centred on mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Level 3 Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism SATCM, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wanping He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Level 3 Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism SATCM, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping-Ju Tsai
- King-Prebiotics Biotechnology (TW) Co., LTD, 2F.-1, No. 250, Zhongshan Rd., Linkou Dist, New Taipei City, 24446, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- King-Prebiotics Biotechnology (TW) Co., LTD, 2F.-1, No. 250, Zhongshan Rd., Linkou Dist, New Taipei City, 24446, Taiwan
| | - Manxiang Ye
- New Francisco (Yunfu City) Biotechnology Co, Ltd Swan-kan-chiau Ind. Dist., Kaofong Village, Yunfu City, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Level 3 Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism SATCM, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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55
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He H, Wu S, Mei M, Ning J, Li C, Ma L, Zhang G, Yi L. A Combinational Strategy for Effective Heterologous Production of Functional Human Lysozyme in Pichia pastoris. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:118. [PMID: 32211388 PMCID: PMC7075855 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lysozyme (hLYZ), known for its bacteriolytic activity, is widely applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries as an antimicrobial agent. However, its extensive application was limited by its low large-scale production efficiency. In this study, a combinational method of integrating codon optimization, multiple gene copies, and ER molecular chaperone co-expression was developed to improve the heterologous production of hLYZ in Pichia pastoris GS115. Our results showed that increasing the copy number of the optimized hLYZ gene in P. pastoris could enhance its secretory production level up to 1.57-fold. The recombinant opt-hLYZ-6C strain that contains six copies of opt-hLYZ gene exhibited the highest mRNA transcription levels, giving the highest production of 0.22 ± 0.02 mg/mL of hLYZ in the medium supernatant with a bacteriolytic activity of 14,680 ± 300 U/mL against Micrococcus lysodeikticus in the shaking flask experiment. Moreover, co-overexpression of ER retention molecular chaperones, such as Pdi1 or Ero1, in the recombinant opt-hLYZ-6C strain both presented positive effects on the secretory production of hLYZ. Our further characterization indicated that tandem co-expression of Ero1 and Pdi1 together presented an added-up effect. The secretory production of hLYZ in the medium supernatant reached 0.34 ± 0.02 mg/mL of the recombinant opt-hLYZ-6C-EP strain in the shaking flask experiment, with a bacteriolytic activity of 21,200 ± 400 U/mL. Compared to the recombinant opt-hLYZ-1C strain, these final improvements were calculated as 2.43-fold and 2.30-fold on secretory protein levels and antibacterial activity, respectively. Finally, the recombinant opt-hLYZ-6C-EP strain was applied for high-density cultivation in 5 L of fermenter, in which the secretory yield of hLYZ reached 2.34 ± 0.02 mg/mL in the medium supernatant, with a bacteriolytic activity of 1.76 ± 0.02 × 105 U/mL against M. lysodeikticus. All these numbers presented the highest heterologous production levels of hLYZ in microbial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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56
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Lizák B, Birk J, Zana M, Kosztyi G, Kratschmar DV, Odermatt A, Zimmermann R, Geiszt M, Appenzeller-Herzog C, Bánhegyi G. Ca 2+ mobilization-dependent reduction of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen is due to influx of cytosolic glutathione. BMC Biol 2020; 18:19. [PMID: 32101139 PMCID: PMC7043043 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-0749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as a cellular Ca2+ store and a site for oxidative protein folding, which is controlled by the reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-disulfide (GSSG) redox pair. Although depletion of luminal Ca2+ from the ER provokes a rapid and reversible shift towards a more reducing poise in the ER, the underlying molecular basis remains unclear. RESULTS We found that Ca2+ mobilization-dependent ER luminal reduction was sensitive to inhibition of GSH synthesis or dilution of cytosolic GSH by selective permeabilization of the plasma membrane. A glutathione-centered mechanism was further indicated by increased ER luminal glutathione levels in response to Ca2+ efflux. Inducible reduction of the ER lumen by GSH flux was independent of the Ca2+-binding chaperone calreticulin, which has previously been implicated in this process. However, opening the translocon channel by puromycin or addition of cyclosporine A mimicked the GSH-related effect of Ca2+ mobilization. While the action of puromycin was ascribable to Ca2+ leakage from the ER, the mechanism of cyclosporine A-induced GSH flux was independent of calcineurin and cyclophilins A and B and remained unclear. CONCLUSIONS Our data strongly suggest that ER influx of cytosolic GSH, rather than inhibition of local oxidoreductases, is responsible for the reductive shift upon Ca2+ mobilization. We postulate the existence of a Ca2+- and cyclosporine A-sensitive GSH transporter in the ER membrane. These findings have important implications for ER redox homeostasis under normal physiology and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Lizák
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Julia Birk
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melinda Zana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Kosztyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Denise V Kratschmar
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Appenzeller-Herzog
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
- University Medical Library, University of Basel, Spiegelgasse 5, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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57
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Xu Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Qin R, Su H, Li J, Yang P. The Synthesis of a 2D Ultra‐Large Protein Supramolecular Nanofilm by Chemoselective Thiol–Disulfide Exchange and its Emergent Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2850-2859. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Rongrong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Hao Su
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Juling Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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58
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Robinson PJ, Kanemura S, Cao X, Bulleid NJ. Protein secondary structure determines the temporal relationship between folding and disulfide formation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2438-2448. [PMID: 31953323 PMCID: PMC7039548 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
How and when disulfide bonds form in proteins relative to the stage of their folding is a fundamental question in cell biology. Two models describe this relationship: the folded precursor model, in which a nascent structure forms before disulfides do, and the quasi-stochastic model, where disulfides form prior to folding. Here we investigated oxidative folding of three structurally diverse substrates, β2-microglobulin, prolactin, and the disintegrin domain of ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 (ADAM10), to understand how these mechanisms apply in a cellular context. We used a eukaryotic cell-free translation system in which we could identify disulfide isomers in stalled translation intermediates to characterize the timing of disulfide formation relative to translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum and the presence of non-native disulfides. Our results indicate that in a domain lacking secondary structure, disulfides form before conformational folding through a process prone to nonnative disulfide formation, whereas in proteins with defined secondary structure, native disulfide formation occurs after partial folding. These findings reveal that the nascent protein structure promotes correct disulfide formation during cotranslational folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Robinson
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Shingo Kanemura
- Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Xiaofei Cao
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Bulleid
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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59
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Xu Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Qin R, Su H, Li J, Yang P. The Synthesis of a 2D Ultra‐Large Protein Supramolecular Nanofilm by Chemoselective Thiol–Disulfide Exchange and its Emergent Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Rongrong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Hao Su
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Juling Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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60
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Cheng Q. PDIA4: The basic characteristics, functions and its potential connection with cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 122:109688. [PMID: 31794946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bond formation is catalyzed by the protein disulfide Isomerases (PDI) family. This is a critical step in protein folding which occurs within the endoplasmic reticulum. PDIA4, as a member of the PDI family, can cause the adjustment of αIIβ 3 affinities which activate platelet and promote thrombosis formation. Endoplasmic reticulum response is triggered by accumulation of abnormal folding proteins concomitant with increasing PDIA4 expression. Besides, current researches indicate that activated platelets and ERS response affect tumor progression. And PDIA4, as previous reported, also participates in tumor progression by affecting cell apoptosis and DNA repair machinery without specific mechanisms revealed.Therefore, PDI inhibitor might possess great potential value in against tumor progression. In this review, we summarize information on PDIA4 including its the basic characteristics and its implication on tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, PR China.
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61
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Disulfide Isomerase Shapes T Cell Efficacy for Adoptive Cellular Therapy of Tumors. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121514. [PMID: 31779147 PMCID: PMC6953024 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective cancer therapies simultaneously restrict tumor cell growth and improve anti-tumor immune responses. Targeting redox-dependent protein folding enzymes within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an alternative approach to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and a novel therapeutic platform to induce malignant cell death. E64FC26 is a recently identified protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitor that activates the UPR, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in tumor cells, but not normal cell types. Given that targeting cellular redox homeostasis is a strategy to augment T cell tumor control, we tested the effect of E64FC26 on healthy and oncogenic T cells. In stark contrast to the pro-UPR and pro-death effects we observed in malignant T cells, we found that E64FC26 improved viability and limited the UPR in healthy T cells. E64FC26 treatment also diminished oxidative stress and decreased global PDI expression in normal T cells. Oxidative stress and cell death are limited in memory T cells and we found that PDI inhibition promoted memory traits and reshaped T cell metabolism. Using adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells, we demonstrate that T cells activated and expanded in the presence of E64FC26 control tumor growth better than vehicle-matched controls. Our data indicate that PDI inhibitors are a new class of drug that may dually inhibit tumor cell growth and improve T cell tumor control.
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62
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Susceptibility of protein therapeutics to spontaneous chemical modifications by oxidation, cyclization, and elimination reactions. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1409-1431. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPeptides and proteins are preponderantly emerging in the drug market, as shown by the increasing number of biopharmaceutics already approved or under development. Biomolecules like recombinant monoclonal antibodies have high therapeutic efficacy and offer a valuable alternative to small-molecule drugs. However, due to their complex three-dimensional structure and the presence of many functional groups, the occurrence of spontaneous conformational and chemical changes is much higher for peptides and proteins than for small molecules. The characterization of biotherapeutics with modern and sophisticated analytical methods has revealed the presence of contaminants that mainly arise from oxidation- and elimination-prone amino-acid side chains. This review focuses on protein chemical modifications that may take place during storage due to (1) oxidation (methionine, cysteine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine), (2) intra- and inter-residue cyclization (aspartic and glutamic acid, asparagine, glutamine, N-terminal dipeptidyl motifs), and (3) β-elimination (serine, threonine, cysteine, cystine) reactions. It also includes some examples of the impact of such modifications on protein structure and function.
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63
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Ulrich K, Jakob U. The role of thiols in antioxidant systems. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 140:14-27. [PMID: 31201851 PMCID: PMC7041647 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sulfur biochemistry of the thiol group endows cysteines with a number of highly specialized and unique features that enable them to serve a variety of different functions in the cell. Typically highly conserved in proteins, cysteines are predominantly found in functionally or structurally crucial regions, where they act as stabilizing, catalytic, metal-binding and/or redox-regulatory entities. As highly abundant low molecular weight thiols, cysteine thiols and their oxidized disulfide counterparts are carefully balanced to maintain redox homeostasis in various cellular compartments, protect organisms from oxidative and xenobiotic stressors and partake actively in redox-regulatory and signaling processes. In this review, we will discuss the role of protein thiols as scavengers of hydrogen peroxide in antioxidant enzymes, use thiol peroxidases to exemplify how protein thiols contribute to redox signaling, provide an overview over the diverse set of low molecular weight thiol-based redox systems found in biology, and illustrate how thiol-based redox systems have evolved not only to protect against but to take full advantage of a world full of molecular oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Ulrich
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michgan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michgan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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64
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Zhou J, Oldfield CJ, Yan W, Shen B, Dunker AK. Intrinsically disordered domains: Sequence ➔ disorder ➔ function relationships. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1652-1663. [PMID: 31299122 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Disordered domains are long regions of intrinsic disorder that ideally have conserved sequences, conserved disorder, and conserved functions. These domains were first noticed in protein-protein interactions that are distinct from the interactions between two structured domains and the interactions between structured domains and linear motifs or molecular recognition features (MoRFs). So far, disordered domains have not been systematically characterized. Here, we present a bioinformatics investigation of the sequence-disorder-function relationships for a set of probable disordered domains (PDDs) identified from the Pfam database. All the Pfam seed proteins from those domains with at least one PDD sequence were collected. Most often, if a set contains one PDD sequence, then all members of the set are PDDs or nearly so. However, many seed sets have sequence collections that exhibit diverse proportions of predicted disorder and structure, thus giving the completely unexpected result that conserved sequences can vary substantially in predicted disorder and structure. In addition to the induction of structure by binding to protein partners, disordered domains are also induced to form structure by disulfide bond formation, by ion binding, and by complex formation with RNA or DNA. The two new findings, (a) that conserved sequences can vary substantially in their predicted disorder content and (b) that homologues from a single domain can evolve from structure to disorder (or vice versa), enrich our understanding of the sequence ➔ disorder ensemble ➔ function paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhou
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Wenying Yan
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - A Keith Dunker
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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65
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Jang I, Pottekat A, Poothong J, Yong J, Lagunas-Acosta J, Charbono A, Chen Z, Scheuner DL, Liu M, Itkin-Ansari P, Arvan P, Kaufman RJ. PDIA1/P4HB is required for efficient proinsulin maturation and ß cell health in response to diet induced obesity. eLife 2019; 8:e44528. [PMID: 31184304 PMCID: PMC6559792 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated proinsulin biosynthesis, disulfide bond formation and ER redox homeostasis are essential to prevent Type two diabetes. In ß cells, protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1/P4HB), the most abundant ER oxidoreductase of over 17 members, can interact with proinsulin to influence disulfide maturation. Here we find Pdia1 is required for optimal insulin production under metabolic stress in vivo. ß cell-specific Pdia1 deletion in young high-fat diet fed mice or aged mice exacerbated glucose intolerance with inadequate insulinemia and increased the proinsulin/insulin ratio in both serum and islets compared to wildtype mice. Ultrastructural abnormalities in Pdia1-null ß cells include diminished insulin granule content, ER vesiculation and distention, mitochondrial swelling and nuclear condensation. Furthermore, Pdia1 deletion increased accumulation of disulfide-linked high molecular weight proinsulin complexes and islet vulnerability to oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate that PDIA1 contributes to oxidative maturation of proinsulin in the ER to support insulin production and ß cell health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insook Jang
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Anita Pottekat
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Juthakorn Poothong
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Jing Yong
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | | | - Adriana Charbono
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Zhouji Chen
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | | | - Ming Liu
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Pamela Itkin-Ansari
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramSBP Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaUnited States
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66
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Bioinformatics analysis of four proteins of Leishmania donovani to guide epitopes vaccine design and drug targets selection. Acta Trop 2019; 191:50-59. [PMID: 30582920 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious and widespread parasitic disease caused by Leishmania donovani complex. The threat of this fatal disease continues due to the lack of ideal drugs or vaccines. In this study, we selected Amastin, CaNA2, Kmp-11 and PDI proteins of Leishmania donovani for study, which are VL vaccine candidates or possible drug targets. Eleven bioinformatics tools were used to analyze different aspects of these proteins, including amino acid composition, topology, signal peptide, secondary structure, surface properties, phosphorylation sites and kinases, protein binding sites, 3D homology modeling, B cell epitopes, MHC class Ⅰ and Ⅱ epitopes and protein-protein interactions. Finally, the functionally related amino acid sites and dominant epitopes of these proteins were founded. Some possible relationships between protein structure, phosphorylation sites, protein binding sites and epitopes were also discovered. High flexibility and random coils regions of protein have a tendency to be phosphorylated, bind proteins and present epitopes. Since some phosphorylation sites and their kinases are involved in Leishmania invasion and survival in host cells, they may be potential drug targets. Bioinformatics analysis helps us better understand protein function and find dominant epitopes to guide drug design and vaccine development.
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67
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Scirè A, Cianfruglia L, Minnelli C, Bartolini D, Torquato P, Principato G, Galli F, Armeni T. Glutathione compartmentalization and its role in glutathionylation and other regulatory processes of cellular pathways. Biofactors 2019; 45:152-168. [PMID: 30561781 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione is considered the major non-protein low molecular weight modulator of redox processes and the most important thiol reducing agent of the cell. The biosynthesis of glutathione occurs in the cytosol from its constituent amino acids, but this tripeptide is also present in the most important cellular districts, such as mitochondria, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum, thus playing a central role in several metabolic pathways and cytoprotection mechanisms. Indeed, glutathione is involved in the modulation of various cellular processes and, not by chance, it is a ubiquitous determinant for redox signaling, xenobiotic detoxification, and regulation of cell cycle and death programs. The balance between its concentration and redox state is due to a complex series of interactions between biosynthesis, utilization, degradation, and transport. All these factors are of great importance to understand the significance of cellular redox balance and its relationship with physiological responses and pathological conditions. The purpose of this review is to give an overview on glutathione cellular compartmentalization. Information on its subcellular distribution provides a deeper understanding of glutathione-dependent processes and reflects the importance of compartmentalization in the regulation of specific cellular pathways. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):152-168, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scirè
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Cianfruglia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Minnelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Clinical Biochemistry and Human Nutrition Labs, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Torquato
- Clinical Biochemistry and Human Nutrition Labs, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Principato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Clinical Biochemistry and Human Nutrition Labs, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tatiana Armeni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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68
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Oliveira PVSD, Garcia-Rosa S, Sachetto ATA, Moretti AIS, Debbas V, De Bessa TC, Silva NT, Pereira ADC, Martins-de-Souza D, Santoro ML, Laurindo FRM. Protein disulfide isomerase plasma levels in healthy humans reveal proteomic signatures involved in contrasting endothelial phenotypes. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101142. [PMID: 30870787 PMCID: PMC6430080 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-related plasma proteins are candidate reporters of protein signatures associated with endothelial structure/function. Thiol-proteins from protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family are unexplored in this context. Here, we investigate the occurrence and physiological significance of a circulating pool of PDI in healthy humans. We validated an assay for detecting PDI in plasma of healthy individuals. Our results indicate high inter-individual (median = 330 pg/mL) but low intra-individual variability over time and repeated measurements. Remarkably, plasma PDI levels could discriminate between distinct plasma proteome signatures, with PDI-rich (>median) plasma differentially expressing proteins related to cell differentiation, protein processing, housekeeping functions and others, while PDI-poor plasma differentially displayed proteins associated with coagulation, inflammatory responses and immunoactivation. Platelet function was similar among individuals with PDI-rich vs. PDI-poor plasma. Remarkably, such protein signatures closely correlated with endothelial function and phenotype, since cultured endothelial cells incubated with PDI-poor or PDI-rich plasma recapitulated gene expression and secretome patterns in line with their corresponding plasma signatures. Furthermore, such signatures translated into functional responses, with PDI-poor plasma promoting impairment of endothelial adhesion to fibronectin and a disturbed pattern of wound-associated migration and recovery area. Patients with cardiovascular events had lower PDI levels vs. healthy individuals. This is the first study describing PDI levels as reporters of specific plasma proteome signatures directly promoting contrasting endothelial phenotypes and functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Percíllia Victória Santos de Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular, LIM-64 (Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila Garcia-Rosa
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Iochabel Soares Moretti
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular, LIM-64 (Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Debbas
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular, LIM-64 (Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiphany Coralie De Bessa
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular, LIM-64 (Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Tenguan Silva
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular, LIM-64 (Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre da Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Rafael Martins Laurindo
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular, LIM-64 (Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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69
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Modulating Thiol pKa Promotes Disulfide Formation at Physiological pH: An Elegant Strategy To Design Disulfide Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1412-1420. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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70
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Thomas R, Kermode AR. Enzyme enhancement therapeutics for lysosomal storage diseases: Current status and perspective. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:83-97. [PMID: 30528228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule- enzyme enhancement therapeutics (EETs) have emerged as attractive agents for the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), a broad group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes, or proteins required for lysosomal function. The underlying enzyme deficiencies characterizing LSDs cause a block in the stepwise degradation of complex macromolecules (e.g. glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids and others), such that undegraded or partially degraded substrates progressively accumulate in lysosomal and non-lysosomal compartments, a process leading to multisystem pathology via primary and secondary mechanisms. Missense mutations underlie many of the LSDs; the resultant mutant variant enzyme hydrolase is often impaired in its folding and maturation making it subject to rapid disposal by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). Enzyme deficiency in the lysosome is the result, even though the mutant enzyme may retain significant catalytic functioning. Small molecule modulators - pharmacological chaperones (PCs), or proteostasis regulators (PRs) are being identified through library screens and computational tools, as they may offer a less costly approach than enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for LSDs, and potentially treat neuronal forms of the diseases. PCs, capable of directly stabilizing the mutant protein, and PRs, which act on other cellular elements to enhance protein maturation, both allow a proportion of the synthesized variant protein to reach the lysosome and function. Proof-of-principle for PCs and PRs as therapeutic agents has been demonstrated for several LSDs, yet definitive data of their efficacy in disease models and/or in downstream clinical studies in many cases has yet to be achieved. Basic research to understand the cellular consequences of protein misfolding such as perturbed organellar crosstalk, redox status, and calcium balance is needed. Likewise, an elucidation of the early in cellulo pathogenic events underlying LSDs is vital and may lead to the discovery of new small molecule modulators and/or to other therapeutic approaches for driving proteostasis toward protein rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Allison R Kermode
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada.
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71
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Mennerich D, Kellokumpu S, Kietzmann T. Hypoxia and Reactive Oxygen Species as Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:113-137. [PMID: 29717631 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Eukaryotic cells execute various functions in subcellular compartments or organelles for which cellular redox homeostasis is of importance. Apart from mitochondria, hypoxia and stress-mediated formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to modulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GA) functions. Recent Advances: Research during the last decade has improved our understanding of disulfide bond formation, protein glycosylation and secretion, as well as pH and redox homeostasis in the ER and GA. Thus, oxygen (O2) itself, NADPH oxidase (NOX) formed ROS, and pH changes appear to be of importance and indicate the intricate balance of intercompartmental communication. CRITICAL ISSUES Although the interplay between hypoxia, ER stress, and Golgi function is evident, the existence of more than 20 protein disulfide isomerase family members and the relative mild phenotypes of, for example, endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1)- and NOX4-knockout mice clearly suggest the existence of redundant and alternative pathways, which remain largely elusive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of these pathways and the key players involved in intercompartmental communication needs suitable animal models, genome-wide association, as well as proteomic studies in humans. The results of those studies will be beneficial for the understanding of the etiology of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, which are associated with ROS, protein aggregation, and glycosylation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mennerich
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
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72
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Fujimoto T, Inaba K, Kadokura H. Methods to identify the substrates of thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases. Protein Sci 2018; 28:30-40. [PMID: 30341785 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a disulfide bond is a critical step in the folding of numerous secretory and membrane proteins and catalyzed in vivo. A variety of mechanisms and protein structures have evolved to catalyze oxidative protein folding. Those enzymes that directly interact with a folding protein to accelerate its oxidative folding are mostly thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases that belong to the thioredoxin superfamily. The enzymes of this class often use a CXXC active-site motif embedded in their thioredoxin-like fold to promote formation, isomerization, and reduction of a disulfide bond in their target proteins. Over the past decade or so, an increasing number of substrates of the thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases that are present in the ER of mammalian cells have been discovered, revealing that the enzymes play unexpectedly diverse physiological functions. However, functions of some of these enzymes still remain unclear due to the lack of information on their substrates. Here, we review the methods used by researchers to identify the substrates of these enzymes and provide data that show the importance of using trichloroacetic acid in sample preparation for the substrate identification, hoping to aid future studies. We particularly focus on successful studies that have uncovered physiological substrates and functions of the enzymes in the periplasm of Gram-negative bacteria and the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells. Similar approaches should be applicable to enzymes in other cellular compartments or in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Fujimoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadokura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
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73
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Oestreicher J, Morgan B. Glutathione: subcellular distribution and membrane transport 1. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:270-289. [PMID: 30427707 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine) is a small tripeptide found at millimolar concentrations in nearly all eukaryotes as well as many prokaryotic cells. Glutathione synthesis is restricted to the cytosol in animals and fungi and to the cytosol and plastids in plants. Nonetheless, glutathione is found in virtually all subcellular compartments. This implies that transporters must exist that facilitate glutathione transport into and out of the various subcellular compartments. Glutathione may also be exported and imported across the plasma membrane in many cells. However, in most cases, the molecular identity of these transporters remains unclear. Whilst glutathione transport is essential for the supply and replenishment of subcellular glutathione pools, recent evidence supports a more active role for glutathione transport in the regulation of subcellular glutathione redox homeostasis. However, our knowledge of glutathione redox homeostasis at the level of specific subcellular compartments remains remarkably limited and the role of glutathione transport remains largely unclear. In this review, we discuss how new tools and techniques have begun to yield insights into subcellular glutathione distribution and glutathione redox homeostasis. In particular, we discuss the known and putative glutathione transporters and examine their contribution to the regulation of subcellular glutathione redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Oestreicher
- a Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.,b Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), University of the Saarland, Campus B 2.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bruce Morgan
- a Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.,b Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), University of the Saarland, Campus B 2.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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74
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Chawsheen HA, Ying Q, Jiang H, Wei Q. A critical role of the thioredoxin domain containing protein 5 (TXNDC5) in redox homeostasis and cancer development. Genes Dis 2018; 5:312-322. [PMID: 30591932 PMCID: PMC6303481 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct folding of nascent peptides occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is a complicate process primarily accomplished by the coordination of multiple redox proteins including members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family. As a critical member of the PDI family, thioredoxin domain containing protein 5 (TXNDC5) assists the folding of newly synthesized peptides to their mature form through series of disulfide bond exchange reactions. Interestingly, TXNDC5 is frequently found overexpressed in specimens of many human diseases including various types of cancer. In this review, we summarized the biochemical function of TXNDC5 in mammalian cells and the recent progress on the understanding of its role and molecular mechanisms in cancer development. Findings of TXNDC5 in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways, stimulation of cell growth & proliferation, facilitation of cell survival and modulation of extracellular matrix to affect cancer cell invasion and metastasis are reviewed. These published studies suggest that strategies of targeting TXNDC5 can be developed as potentially valuable methods for the treatment of certain types of cancer in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedy A Chawsheen
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Qi Ying
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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75
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Wu X, Zhang L, Miao Y, Yang J, Wang X, Wang CC, Feng J, Wang L. Homocysteine causes vascular endothelial dysfunction by disrupting endoplasmic reticulum redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2018; 20:46-59. [PMID: 30292945 PMCID: PMC6174864 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) plays a critical role in vascular pathology. However, little is known about the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) redox homeostasis in HHcy-induced endothelial dysfunction. Here, we show that Hcy induces ER oxidoreductin-1α (Ero1α) expression with ER stress and inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and in the arteries of HHcy mice. Hcy upregulates Ero1α expression by promoting binding of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α to the ERO1A promoter. Notably, Hcy rather than other thiol agents markedly increases the GSH/GSSG ratio in the ER, therefore allosterically activating Ero1α to produce H2O2 and trigger ER oxidative stress. By contrast, the antioxidant pathway mediated by ER glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPx7) is downregulated in HHcy mice. Ero1α knockdown and GPx7 overexpression protect the endothelium from HHcy-induced ER oxidative stress and inflammation. Our work suggests that targeting ER redox homeostasis could be used as an intervention for HHcy-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yütong Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chih-Chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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76
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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77
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Joseph SK, Young MP, Alzayady K, Yule DI, Ali M, Booth DM, Hajnóczky G. Redox regulation of type-I inositol trisphosphate receptors in intact mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17464-17476. [PMID: 30228182 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated Ca2+ release is associated with oxidative stress in multiple cell types. These effects are thought to be mediated by alterations in the redox state of critical thiols in the IP3R, but this has not been directly demonstrated in intact cells. Here, we utilized a combination of gel-shift assays with MPEG-maleimides and LC-MS/MS to monitor the redox state of recombinant IP3R1 expressed in HEK293 cells. We found that under basal conditions, ∼5 of the 60 cysteines are oxidized in IP3R1. Cell treatment with 50 μm thimerosal altered gel shifts, indicating oxidation of ∼20 cysteines. By contrast, the shifts induced by 0.5 mm H2O2 or other oxidants were much smaller. Monitoring of biotin-maleimide attachment to IP3R1 by LC-MS/MS with 71% coverage of the receptor sequence revealed modification of two cytosolic (Cys-292 and Cys-1415) and two intraluminal cysteines (Cys-2496 and Cys-2533) under basal conditions. The thimerosal treatment modified an additional eleven cysteines, but only three (Cys-206, Cys-767, and Cys-1459) were consistently oxidized in multiple experiments. H2O2 also oxidized Cys-206 and additionally oxidized two residues not modified by thimerosal (Cys-214 and Cys-1397). Potentiation of IP3R channel function by oxidants was measured with cysteine variants transfected into a HEK293 IP3R triple-knockout cell line, indicating that the functionally relevant redox-sensitive cysteines are predominantly clustered within the N-terminal suppressor domain of IP3R. To our knowledge, this study is the first that has used proteomic methods to assess the redox state of individual thiols in IP3R in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Joseph
- From the MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107,
| | - Michael P Young
- From the MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Kamil Alzayady
- the Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, and
| | - David I Yule
- the Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, and
| | - Mehboob Ali
- the Center for Perinatal Research, Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205
| | - David M Booth
- From the MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - György Hajnóczky
- From the MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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78
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Abstract
The protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family is a group of multifunctional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enzymes that mediate the formation of disulfide bonds, catalyze the cysteine-based redox reactions and assist the quality control of client proteins. Recent structural and functional studies have demonstrated that PDI members not only play an essential role in the proteostasis in the ER but also exert diverse effects in numerous human disorders including cancer and neurodege-nerative diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that PDI is actively involved in the proliferation, survival, and metastasis of several types of cancer cells. Although the molecular mechanism by which PDI contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis remains to be understood, PDI is now emerging as a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In fact, several attempts have been made to develop PDI inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we discuss the properties and diverse functions of human PDI proteins and focus on recent findings regarding their roles in the state of diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoug Lee
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Do Hee Lee
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
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79
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Abstract
A well-regulated redox state is essential for normal physiological function and cellular metabolism. In most eukaryotic cells, protein cysteine thiols are most sensitive to fluctuations in the cellular redox state. Under normal physiological conditions, the cytosol has a highly reducing environment, which is due to high levels of reduced glutathione and complex system of redox enzymes that maintain glutathione in the reduced state. The reducing environment of the cytosol maintains most protein thiols in the reduced state; although some non-exposed cysteine could be present as disulfides. Upon physiological increase in cellular oxidants, such as due to growth factors, cytokines and thiol-disulfide exchange reactions, specific proteins could act as redox switches that regulate the conformation and activity of different proteins. This reversible post translational modification enables redox-sensitive dynamic changes in cell signaling and function. Physiological oxidative stress could lead to the formation of sulfenic acids, which are usually intermediate states of thiol oxidation that are converted to higher order oxidation states, intramolecular disulfides or mixed disulfides with glutathione. Such glutathiolation reactions have been found to regulate the function of several proteins involved in intracellular metabolism, signal transduction and cell structure. Excessive oxidative stress results in indiscriminate and irreversible oxidation of protein thiols, depletion of glutathione and cell death. Further elucidation of the relationship between changes in cell redox and thiol reactivity could provide a better understanding of how redox changes regulate cell function and how disruption of these relationships lead to tissue injury and dysfunction and the development of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid P Baba
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, 40202.,Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, 40202
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, 40202.,Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, 40202
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80
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Caba C, Ali Khan H, Auld J, Ushioda R, Araki K, Nagata K, Mutus B. Conserved Residues Lys 57 and Lys 401 of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Maintain an Active Site Conformation for Optimal Activity: Implications for Post-Translational Regulation. Front Mol Biosci 2018. [PMID: 29541639 PMCID: PMC5835755 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its study since the 1960's, very little is known about the post-translational regulation of the multiple catalytic activities performed by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), the primary protein folding catalyst of the cell. This work identifies a functional role for the highly conserved CxxC-flanking residues Lys57 and Lys401 of human PDI in vitro. Mutagenesis studies have revealed these residues as modulating the oxidoreductase activity of PDI in a pH-dependent manner. Non-conservative amino acid substitutions resulted in enzyme variants upwards of 7-fold less efficient. This attenuated activity was found to translate into a 2-fold reduction of the rate of electron shuttling between PDI and the intraluminal endoplasmic reticulum oxidase, ERO1α, suggesting a functional significance to oxidative protein folding. In light of this, the possibility of lysine acetylation at residues Lys57 and Lys401 was assessed by in vitro treatment using acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). A total of 28 acetyllysine residues were identified, including acLys57 and acLys401. The kinetic behavior of the acetylated protein form nearly mimicked that obtained with a K57/401Q double substitution variant providing an indication that acetylation of the active site-flanking lysine residues can act to reversibly modulate PDI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Caba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Hyder Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Janeen Auld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Ryo Ushioda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Araki
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bulent Mutus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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81
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Redox crosstalk at endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane contact sites (MCS) uses toxic waste to deliver messages. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:331. [PMID: 29491367 PMCID: PMC5832433 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular redox reactions housed within mitochondria, peroxisomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). The contribution of each organelle to the total cellular ROS production is considerable, but varies between cell types and also over time. Redox-regulatory enzymes are thought to assemble at a “redox triangle” formed by mitochondria, peroxisomes and the ER, assembling “redoxosomes” that sense ROS accumulations and redox imbalances. The redoxosome enzymes use ROS, potentially toxic by-products made by some redoxosome members themselves, to transmit inter-compartmental signals via chemical modifications of downstream proteins and lipids. Interestingly, important components of the redoxosome are ER chaperones and oxidoreductases, identifying ER oxidative protein folding as a key ROS producer and controller of the tri-organellar membrane contact sites (MCS) formed at the redox triangle. At these MCS, ROS accumulations could directly facilitate inter-organellar signal transmission, using ROS transporters. In addition, ROS influence the flux of Ca2+ ions, since many Ca2+ handling proteins, including inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), SERCA pumps or regulators of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) are redox-sensitive. Fine-tuning of these redox and ion signaling pathways might be difficult in older organisms, suggesting a dysfunctional redox triangle may accompany the aging process.
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82
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Bambino K, Zhang C, Austin C, Amarasiriwardena C, Arora M, Chu J, Sadler KC. Inorganic arsenic causes fatty liver and interacts with ethanol to cause alcoholic liver disease in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.031575. [PMID: 29361514 PMCID: PMC5894941 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in fatty liver disease (FLD) incidence is attributed largely to genetic and lifestyle factors; however, environmental toxicants are a frequently overlooked factor that can modify the effects of more common causes of FLD. Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is associated with liver disease in humans and animal models, but neither the mechanism of action nor the combinatorial interaction with other disease-causing factors has been fully investigated. Here, we examined the contribution of iAs to FLD using zebrafish and tested the interaction with ethanol to cause alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We report that zebrafish exposed to iAs throughout development developed specific phenotypes beginning at 4 days post-fertilization (dpf), including the development of FLD in over 50% of larvae by 5 dpf. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of livers from larvae exposed to either iAs or ethanol revealed the oxidative stress response and the unfolded protein response (UPR) caused by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as common pathways in both these models of FLD, suggesting that they target similar cellular processes. This was confirmed by our finding that arsenic is synthetically lethal with both ethanol and a well-characterized ER-stress-inducing agent (tunicamycin), suggesting that these exposures work together through UPR activation to cause iAs toxicity. Most significantly, combined exposure to sub-toxic concentrations of iAs and ethanol potentiated the expression of UPR-associated genes, cooperated to induce FLD, reduced the expression of as3mt, which encodes an arsenic-metabolizing enzyme, and significantly increased the concentration of iAs in the liver. This demonstrates that iAs exposure is sufficient to cause FLD and that low doses of iAs can potentiate the effects of ethanol to cause liver disease. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Using zebrafish, the authors show that exposure to a common environmental contaminant, inorganic arsenic, increases the risk of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bambino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island Campus, PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Jaime Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hepatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Kirsten C Sadler
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island Campus, PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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83
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Nichenametla SN, Mattocks DAL, Malloy VL, Pinto JT. Sulfur amino acid restriction-induced changes in redox-sensitive proteins are associated with slow protein synthesis rates. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1418:80-94. [PMID: 29377163 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying life span extension by sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) are unclear. Cysteine and methionine are essential for the biosynthesis of proteins and glutathione (GSH), a major redox buffer in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We hypothesized that SAAR alters protein synthesis by modulating the redox milieu. Male F344-rats were fed control (CD: 0.86% methionine without cysteine) and SAAR diets (0.17% methionine without cysteine) for 12 weeks. Growth rates, food intake, cysteine and GSH levels, proteins associated with redox status and translation, and fractional protein synthesis rates (FSRs) were determined in liver. Despite a 40% higher food intake, growth rates for SAAR rats were 27% of those fed CD. Hepatic free cysteine in SAAR rats was 55% compared with CD rats. SAAR altered tissue distribution of GSH, as hepatic and erythrocytic levels were 56% and 196% of those in CD rats. Lower GSH levels did not induce ER stress (i.e., unchanged expression of Xbp1s , Chop, and Grp78), but activated PERK and its substrates eIF2-α and NRF2. SAAR-induced changes in translation-initiation machinery (higher p-eIF2-α and 4E-BP1, and lower eIF4G-1) resulted in slower protein synthesis rates (53% of CD). Proteins involved in the antioxidant response (NRF2, KEAP1, GCLM, and NQO1) and protein folding (PDI and ERO1-α) were increased in SAAR. Lower FSR and efficient protein folding might be improving proteostasis in SAAR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Virginia L Malloy
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring, New York
| | - John T Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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84
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Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Cunningham CN, Shrestha N, Tsai B, Qi L, Liu M, Arvan P. Misfolded proinsulin in the endoplasmic reticulum during development of beta cell failure in diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1418:5-19. [PMID: 29377149 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is broadly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of pancreatic beta cells, and this is where all proinsulin is initially made. Healthy beta cells can synthesize 6000 proinsulin molecules per second. Ordinarily, nascent proinsulin entering the ER rapidly folds via the formation of three evolutionarily conserved disulfide bonds (B7-A7, B19-A20, and A6-A11). A modest amount of proinsulin misfolding, including both intramolecular disulfide mispairing and intermolecular disulfide-linked protein complexes, is a natural by-product of proinsulin biosynthesis, as is the case for many proteins. The steady-state level of misfolded proinsulin-a potential ER stressor-is linked to (1) production rate, (2) ER environment, (3) presence or absence of naturally occurring (mutational) defects in proinsulin, and (4) clearance of misfolded proinsulin molecules. Accumulation of misfolded proinsulin beyond a certain threshold begins to interfere with the normal intracellular transport of bystander proinsulin, leading to diminished insulin production and hyperglycemia, as well as exacerbating ER stress. This is most obvious in mutant INS gene-induced Diabetes of Youth (MIDY; an autosomal dominant disease) but also likely to occur in type 2 diabetes owing to dysregulation in proinsulin synthesis, ER folding environment, or clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Corey N Cunningham
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Neha Shrestha
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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85
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Peixoto ÁS, Geyer RR, Iqbal A, Truzzi DR, Soares Moretti AI, Laurindo FRM, Augusto O. Peroxynitrite preferentially oxidizes the dithiol redox motifs of protein-disulfide isomerase. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:1450-1465. [PMID: 29191937 PMCID: PMC5787819 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a ubiquitous dithiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that performs an array of cellular functions, such as cellular signaling and responses to cell-damaging events. PDI can become dysfunctional by post-translational modifications, including those promoted by biological oxidants, and its dysfunction has been associated with several diseases in which oxidative stress plays a role. Because the kinetics and products of the reaction of these oxidants with PDI remain incompletely characterized, we investigated the reaction of PDI with the biological oxidant peroxynitrite. First, by determining the rate constant of the oxidation of PDI's redox-active Cys residues (Cys53 and Cys397) by hydrogen peroxide (k = 17.3 ± 1.3 m-1 s-1 at pH 7.4 and 25 °C), we established that the measured decay of the intrinsic PDI fluorescence is appropriate for kinetic studies. The reaction of these PDI residues with peroxynitrite was considerably faster (k = (6.9 ± 0.2) × 104 m-1 s-1), and both Cys residues were kinetically indistinguishable. Limited proteolysis, kinetic simulations, and MS analyses confirmed that peroxynitrite preferentially oxidizes the redox-active Cys residues of PDI to the corresponding sulfenic acids, which reacted with the resolving thiols at the active sites to produce disulfides (i.e. Cys53-Cys56 and Cys397-Cys400). A fraction of peroxynitrite, however, decayed to radicals that hydroxylated and nitrated other active-site residues (Trp52, Trp396, and Tyr393). Excess peroxynitrite promoted further PDI oxidation, nitration, inactivation, and covalent oligomerization. We conclude that these PDI modifications may contribute to the pathogenic mechanism of several diseases associated with dysfunctional PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álbert Souza Peixoto
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil and
| | - R Ryan Geyer
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil and
| | - Asif Iqbal
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil and
| | - Daniela R Truzzi
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil and
| | - Ana I Soares Moretti
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil and
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86
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Vijaya Sundar J, Kamaraj M, Subramanian V. Probing the effect of different graphitic nitrogen sites on the aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2057-2065. [PMID: 29300059 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05924h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized graphene materials are well known for their application in catalyzing the aerobic oxidation of alcohols, hydrocarbons, etc. in an aqueous medium. Despite the fact that a few catalysts are known to oxidize thiols to disulfides, their selectivity is poor and requires oxidants that are not suitable in terms of the principles of green chemistry. Therefore, in this context, an attempt has been made to investigate the possibility of utilizing nitrogen doped graphene for the aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides using density functional theory (DFT). Our previous study (V. S. Jeyaraj, M. Kamaraj and V. Subramanian, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2015, 119, 26438-26450) has shed light on the activation of dioxygen to form activated oxygen species (AOS) at different graphitic nitrogen sites. Hence the same has been used to study the two-electron oxidation of thiophenol and methanethiol. The AOS are of three kinds: (1) peroxide type at the edges, (2) superoxide type at the center and (3) ketonic type at edges. The findings from this study indicate that the peroxide type AOS leads to selective formation of diphenyl disulfide, whereas the superoxide type at the center facilitates the formation of hydrogen peroxide which could lead to over-oxidation of disulfide. The oxidation of aromatic thiols (thiophenol) by the ketonic type of AOS is nearly a barrier-less reaction (0.67 kcal mol-1). Similarly, AOS at the edges with the peroxide form can oxidize aliphatic thiols (methanethiol) with a less barrier of 1.55 kcal mol-1, which can be a spontaneous reaction. The mechanism of oxidation is completely different from the oxidative pathway of alcohols by the same AOS. The formation of S-OH species is strictly avoided by the strong stabilization of thiyl radicals over the π-surface of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vijaya Sundar
- Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India.
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87
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Rech VC, Mezzomo NJ, Athaydes GA, Feksa LR, Figueiredo VC, Kessler A, Franceschi IDDE, Wannmacher CMD. Thiol/disulfide status regulates the activity of thiol-containing kinases related to energy homeostasis in rat kidney. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 90:99-108. [PMID: 29236866 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that thiol-containing enzymes like kinases are critical for several metabolic pathways and energy homeostasis, we investigated the effects of cystine dimethyl ester and/or cysteamine administration on kinases crucial for energy metabolism in the kidney of Wistar rats. Animals were injected twice a day with 1.6 µmol/g body weight cystine dimethyl ester and/or 0.26 µmol/g body weight cysteamine from the 16th to the 20th postpartum day and euthanized after 12 hours. Pyruvate kinase, adenylate kinase, creatine kinase activities and thiol/disulfide ratio were determined. Cystine dimethyl ester administration reduced thiol/disulfide ratio and inhibited the kinases activities. Cysteamine administration increased the thiol/disulfide ratio and co-administration with cystine dimethyl ester prevented the inhibition of the enzymes. Regression between the thiol/disulfide ratio, and the kinases activities were significant. These results suggest that redox status may regulate energy metabolism in the rat kidney. If thiol-containing enzymes inhibition and oxidative stress occur in patients with cystinosis, it is possible that lysosomal cystine depletion may not be the only beneficial effect of cysteamine administration, but also its antioxidant and thiol-protector effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia C Rech
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santa Cecília, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Rua dos Andradas, 1614, 97010-032 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathana J Mezzomo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Rua dos Andradas, 1614, 97010-032 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Genaro A Athaydes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santa Cecília, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciane R Feksa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santa Cecília, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, ERS-239, 2755, 93525-075 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Vandré C Figueiredo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santa Cecília, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Kessler
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santa Cecília, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Faculdade de Enfermagem, Nutrição e Fisioterapia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 12, Partenon, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Itiane D DE Franceschi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santa Cecília, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clovis M D Wannmacher
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santa Cecília, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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88
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Delaunay-Moisan A, Ponsero A, Toledano MB. Reexamining the Function of Glutathione in Oxidative Protein Folding and Secretion. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1178-1199. [PMID: 28791880 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Disturbance of glutathione (GSH) metabolism is a hallmark of numerous diseases, yet GSH functions are poorly understood. One key to this question is to consider its functional compartmentation. GSH is present in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it competes with substrates for oxidation by the oxidative folding machinery, composed in eukaryotes of the thiol oxidase Ero1 and proteins from the disulfide isomerase family (protein disulfide isomerase). Yet, whether GSH is required for proper ER oxidative protein folding is a highly debated question. Recent Advances: Oxidative protein folding has been thoroughly dissected over the past decades, and its actors and their mode of action elucidated. Genetically encoded GSH probes have recently provided an access to subcellular redox metabolism, including the ER. CRITICAL ISSUES Of the few often-contradictory models of the role of GSH in the ER, the most popular suggest it serves as reducing power. Yet, as a reductant, GSH also activates Ero1, which questions how GSH can nevertheless support protein reduction. Hence, whether GSH operates in the ER as a reductant, an oxidant, or just as a "blank" compound mirroring ER/periplasm redox activity is a highly debated question, which is further stimulated by the puzzling occurrence of GSH in the Escherichia coli periplasmic "secretory" compartment, aside from the Dsb thiol-reducing and oxidase pathways. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Addressing the mechanisms controlling GSH traffic in and out of the ER/periplasm and its recycling will help address GSH function in secretion. In addition, as thioredoxin reductase was recently implicated in ER oxidative protein folding, the relative contribution of each of these two reducing pathways should now be addressed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1178-1199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Delaunay-Moisan
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), LSOC, SBIGEM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud , Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alise Ponsero
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), LSOC, SBIGEM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud , Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel B Toledano
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), LSOC, SBIGEM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud , Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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89
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Matsuo Y, Hirota K. Transmembrane thioredoxin-related protein TMX1 is reversibly oxidized in response to protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1768-1777. [PMID: 29123984 PMCID: PMC5666389 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous secretory and membrane proteins undergo post‐translational modifications in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the formation of disulfide bonds is a modification that is critical for proper protein folding. The mammalian ER contains a large family of oxidoreductases that are considered to catalyze thiol/disulfide exchange and ensure the maintenance of a redox environment within the ER. Disruption of ER homeostasis causes an accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins, a condition termed ER stress. Despite advances in our understanding of the ER stress response and its downstream signaling pathway, it remains unclear how ER redox balance is controlled and restored in the stressed ER. In this study, we determined that brefeldin A (BFA)‐induced protein accumulation in the ER triggers reversible oxidation of transmembrane thioredoxin‐related protein 1 (TMX1). Conversion of TMX1 to the oxidized state preceded the induction of immunoglobulin‐binding protein, a downstream marker of ER stress. Oxidized TMX1 reverted to the basal reduced state after BFA removal, and our results suggest that glutathione is involved in maintaining TMX1 in the reduced form. These findings provide evidence for a redox imbalance caused by protein overload, and demonstrate the existence of a pathway that helps restore ER homeostasis during poststress recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Matsuo
- Department of Human Stress Response Science Institute of Biomedical Science Kansai Medical University Japan
| | - Kiichi Hirota
- Department of Human Stress Response Science Institute of Biomedical Science Kansai Medical University Japan
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90
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Fujii M, Yoneda A, Takei N, Sakai-Sawada K, Kosaka M, Minomi K, Yokoyama A, Tamura Y. Endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1α is critical for collagen secretion from and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase levels in hepatic stellate cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15649-15660. [PMID: 28774960 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.783126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon liver injury, excessive deposition of collagen from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a leading cause of liver fibrosis. An understanding of the mechanism by which collagen biosynthesis is regulated in HSCs will provide important clues for practical anti-fibrotic therapy. Endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1α (ERO1α) functions as an oxidative enzyme of protein disulfide isomerase, which forms intramolecular disulfide bonds of membrane and secreted proteins. However, the role of ERO1α in HSCs remains unclear. Here, we show that ERO1α is expressed and mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum in human HSCs. When HSCs were transfected with ERO1α siRNA or an ERO1α shRNA-expressing plasmid, expression of ERO1α was completely silenced. Silencing of ERO1α expression in HSCs markedly suppressed their proliferation but did not induce apoptosis, which was accompanied by impaired secretion of collagen type 1. Silencing of ERO1α expression induced impaired disulfide bond formation and inhibited autophagy via activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, resulting in intracellular accumulation of collagen type 1 in HSCs. Furthermore, silencing of ERO1α expression also promoted proteasome-dependent degradation of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), which stimulates cell proliferation through cleavage of secreted collagens. The inhibition of HSC proliferation was reversed by treatment with MT1-MMP-cleaved collagen type 1. The results suggest that ERO1α plays a crucial role in HSC proliferation via posttranslational modification of collagen and MT1-MMP and, therefore, may be a suitable therapeutic target for managing liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Fujii
- From the Department of Oral Functional Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi-7, Kita-13, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8486, Japan.,the Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Nishi-11, Kita-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan, and
| | - Akihiro Yoneda
- the Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Nishi-11, Kita-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan, and
| | - Norio Takei
- the Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Nishi-11, Kita-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan, and
| | - Kaori Sakai-Sawada
- the Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Nishi-11, Kita-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan, and
| | - Marina Kosaka
- the Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Nishi-11, Kita-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan, and.,the Research and Development Department, Nucleic Acid Medicine Business Division, Nitto Denko Corporation, Nishi-11, Kita-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Minomi
- the Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Nishi-11, Kita-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan, and.,the Research and Development Department, Nucleic Acid Medicine Business Division, Nitto Denko Corporation, Nishi-11, Kita-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Atsuro Yokoyama
- From the Department of Oral Functional Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi-7, Kita-13, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8486, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tamura
- the Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Nishi-11, Kita-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan, and
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91
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Abstract
Cysteine thiols are among the most reactive functional groups in proteins, and their pairing in disulfide linkages is a common post-translational modification in proteins entering the secretory pathway. This modest amino acid alteration, the mere removal of a pair of hydrogen atoms from juxtaposed cysteine residues, contrasts with the substantial changes that characterize most other post-translational reactions. However, the wide variety of proteins that contain disulfides, the profound impact of cross-linking on the behavior of the protein polymer, the numerous and diverse players in intracellular pathways for disulfide formation, and the distinct biological settings in which disulfide bond formation can take place belie the simplicity of the process. Here we lay the groundwork for appreciating the mechanisms and consequences of disulfide bond formation in vivo by reviewing chemical principles underlying cysteine pairing and oxidation. We then show how enzymes tune redox-active cofactors and recruit oxidants to improve the specificity and efficiency of disulfide formation. Finally, we discuss disulfide bond formation in a cellular context and identify important principles that contribute to productive thiol oxidation in complex, crowded, dynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fass
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Colin Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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92
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Karamzadeh R, Karimi-Jafari MH, Sharifi-Zarchi A, Chitsaz H, Salekdeh GH, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Machine Learning and Network Analysis of Molecular Dynamics Trajectories Reveal Two Chains of Red/Ox-specific Residue Interactions in Human Protein Disulfide Isomerase. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623339 PMCID: PMC5473932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human protein disulfide isomerase (hPDI), is an essential four-domain multifunctional enzyme. As a result of disulfide shuffling in its terminal domains, hPDI exists in two oxidation states with different conformational preferences which are important for substrate binding and functional activities. Here, we address the redox-dependent conformational dynamics of hPDI through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Collective domain motions are identified by the principal component analysis of MD trajectories and redox-dependent opening-closing structure variations are highlighted on projected free energy landscapes. Then, important structural features that exhibit considerable differences in dynamics of redox states are extracted by statistical machine learning methods. Mapping the structural variations to time series of residue interaction networks also provides a holistic representation of the dynamical redox differences. With emphasizing on persistent long-lasting interactions, an approach is proposed that compiled these time series networks to a single dynamic residue interaction network (DRIN). Differential comparison of DRIN in oxidized and reduced states reveals chains of residue interactions that represent potential allosteric paths between catalytic and ligand binding sites of hPDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Karamzadeh
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Sharifi-Zarchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Computer Science Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Hamidreza Chitsaz
- Computer Science Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
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93
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The evolving role of ubiquitin modification in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Biochem J 2017; 474:445-469. [PMID: 28159894 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as a warehouse for factors that augment and control the biogenesis of nascent proteins entering the secretory pathway. In turn, this compartment also harbors the machinery that responds to the presence of misfolded proteins by targeting them for proteolysis via a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD). During ERAD, substrates are selected, modified with ubiquitin, removed from the ER, and then degraded by the cytoplasmic 26S proteasome. While integral membrane proteins can directly access the ubiquitination machinery that resides in the cytoplasm or on the cytoplasmic face of the ER membrane, soluble ERAD substrates within the lumen must be retrotranslocated from this compartment. In either case, nearly all ERAD substrates are tagged with a polyubiquitin chain, a modification that represents a commitment step to degrade aberrant proteins. However, increasing evidence indicates that the polyubiquitin chain on ERAD substrates can be further modified, serves to recruit ERAD-requiring factors, and may regulate the ERAD machinery. Amino acid side chains other than lysine on ERAD substrates can also be modified with ubiquitin, and post-translational modifications that affect substrate ubiquitination have been observed. Here, we summarize these data and provide an overview of questions driving this field of research.
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94
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Abstract
Thiol groups can undergo numerous modifications, making cysteine a unique molecular switch. Cysteine plays structural and regulatory roles as part of proteins or glutathione, contributing to maintain redox homeostasis and regulate signaling within and amongst cells. Not surprisingly therefore, cysteines are associated with many hereditary and acquired diseases. Mutations in the primary protein sequence (gain or loss of a cysteine) are most frequent in membrane and secretory proteins, correlating with the key roles of disulfide bonds. On the contrary, in the cytosol and nucleus, aberrant post-translational oxidative modifications of thiol groups, reflecting redox changes in the surrounding environment, are a more frequent cause of dysregulation of protein function. This essay highlights the regulatory functions performed by protein cysteine residues and provides a framework for understanding how mutation and/or (in)activation of this key amino acid can cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Fra
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of BresciaBrescia, Italy
| | - Edgar D Yoboue
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
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95
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Han M, Wang L, Li S, Bai L, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Huang H, Li H, Liu Y, Kang Z. High-bright fluorescent carbon dot as versatile sensing platform. Talanta 2017; 174:265-273. [PMID: 28738577 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The surface functionalization will introduce additional functional groups on carbon dots (CDs) surface and then enrich the properties of CDs. Here, we show the various surface functionalized CDs (-COOH, -OH, -SH, -NH2, etc, named as NS-CDs) were synthesized with fascinating features, including high quantum efficiency (38.9%), long-term stability and good biocompatibility. Notably, it can serve as multifunction fluorescent probe in sensing system, including label-free detections in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with a wide linear range (1.20 × 10-3 - 8.80 × 10-12M) and a low limit of detection (LOD, 1.00 × 10-12M); and glutathione, covering a concentration range of 2.00 × 10-3 - 1.00 × 10-7M and LOD of 1.00 × 10-7M. In addition, the NS-CDs as fluorescent probe could selectively detect metal ions (such as, Hg2+, 1.00 × 10-8 - 1.50 × 10-3M, 1.00 × 10-7M), antibiotics (tetracycline, 1.00 ×10-10 - 2.50 × 10-5M, 1.00 ×10-10M) and toxic pollutant (nitrobenzene, 5.00 × 10-7 to 1.00 × 10-3gL-1, 5.00 × 10-7gL-1) with wide linear range and satisfactory detection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumei Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Siheng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Liang Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yunjie Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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96
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Red/ox states of human protein disulfide isomerase regulate binding affinity of 17 beta-estradiol. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 619:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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97
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Robinson PJ, Pringle MA, Woolhead CA, Bulleid NJ. Folding of a single domain protein entering the endoplasmic reticulum precedes disulfide formation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6978-6986. [PMID: 28298446 PMCID: PMC5409466 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.780742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between protein synthesis, folding, and disulfide formation within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that pre-existing disulfide links are absolutely required to allow protein folding and, conversely, that protein folding occurs prior to disulfide formation. To address the question of what happens first within the ER, that is, protein folding or disulfide formation, we studied folding events at the early stages of polypeptide chain translocation into the mammalian ER using stalled translation intermediates. Our results demonstrate that polypeptide folding can occur without complete domain translocation. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) interacts with these early intermediates, but disulfide formation does not occur unless the entire sequence of the protein domain is translocated. This is the first evidence that folding of the polypeptide chain precedes disulfide formation within a cellular context and highlights key differences between protein folding in the ER and refolding of purified proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Robinson
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Anne Pringle
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl A Woolhead
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Bulleid
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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98
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Zhong X, He T, Prashad AS, Wang W, Cohen J, Ferguson D, Tam AS, Sousa E, Lin L, Tchistiakova L, Gatto S, D'Antona A, Luan YT, Ma W, Zollner R, Zhou J, Arve B, Somers W, Kriz R. Mechanistic understanding of the cysteine capping modifications of antibodies enables selective chemical engineering in live mammalian cells. J Biotechnol 2017; 248:48-58. [PMID: 28300660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein modifications by intricate cellular machineries often redesign the structure and function of existing proteins to impact biological networks. Disulfide bond formation between cysteine (Cys) pairs is one of the most common modifications found in extracellularly-destined proteins, key to maintaining protein structure. Unpaired surface cysteines on secreted mammalian proteins are also frequently found disulfide-bonded with free Cys or glutathione (GSH) in circulation or culture, the mechanism for which remains unknown. Here we report that these so-called Cys-capping modifications take place outside mammalian cells, not in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where oxidoreductase-mediated protein disulfide formation occurs. Unpaired surface cysteines of extracellularly-arrived proteins such as antibodies are uncapped upon secretion before undergoing disulfide exchange with cystine or oxidized GSH in culture medium. This observation has led to a feasible way to selectively modify the nucleophilic thiol side-chain of cell-surface or extracellular proteins in live mammalian cells, by applying electrophiles with a chemical handle directly into culture medium. These findings provide potentially an effective approach for improving therapeutic conjugates and probing biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Tao He
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Amar S Prashad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Pearl River, NY 10965,United States
| | | | - Justin Cohen
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Darren Ferguson
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Amy S Tam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Eric Sousa
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Lioudmila Tchistiakova
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Scott Gatto
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Aaron D'Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | | | - Weijun Ma
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Richard Zollner
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Jing Zhou
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Bo Arve
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Pearl River, NY 10965,United States
| | - Will Somers
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Ronald Kriz
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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99
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Chauvin JPR, Pratt DA. On the Reactions of Thiols, Sulfenic Acids, and Sulfinic Acids with Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:6255-6259. [PMID: 27933690 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of thiols with H2 O2 is central to many processes essential to life, from protein folding to redox signaling. The initial products are assumed to be sulfenic acids, but their observation, and the kinetic and mechanistic characterization of their subsequent reactions, has proven challenging. The introduction of a 9-fluorotriptycene substituent enabled the use of 19 F NMR to directly monitor the reaction of a thiol with H2 O2 to yield a sulfenic acid, and its subsequent oxidation to sulfinic and sulfonic acids. The oxidations are specific base catalyzed, as revealed by the lack of isotope effects and the dependence of the kinetics on pH but not buffer concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe R Chauvin
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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Chauvin JPR, Pratt DA. On the Reactions of Thiols, Sulfenic Acids, and Sulfinic Acids with Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe R. Chauvin
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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