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Tian X, Zhang Y, Shen L, Pan G, Yang H, Jiang Z, Zhu X, He F. Kartogenin-enhanced dynamic hydrogel ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration via restoration of local redox homeostasis. J Orthop Translat 2023; 42:15-30. [PMID: 37560412 PMCID: PMC10407629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over-activation of oxidative stress due to impaired antioxidant functions in nucleus pulpous (NP) has been identified as a key factor contributing to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). While Kartogenin (KGN) has previously demonstrated antioxidant properties on articular cartilage against osteoarthritis, its effects on NP degeneration have yet to be fully understood. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of KGN on nucleus pulpous cells (NPCs) against an inflammatory environment induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, as well as to explore the therapeutic potential of KGN-enhanced dynamic hydrogel in preventing IVDD. METHODS NPCs were isolated from rat caudal IVDs and subjected to treatment with KGN at varying concentrations (ranging from 0.01 to 1 μM) in the presence of IL-1β. The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) anabolism markers was quantitatively assessed at both the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, intracellular reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme expression were evaluated, along with the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Based on these findings, a dynamic self-healing hydrogel loaded with KGN was developed through interconnecting networks. Subsequently, KGN-enhanced dynamic hydrogel was administered into rat caudal IVDs that had undergone puncture injury, followed by radiographic analysis and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS In vitro treatments utilizing KGN were observed to maintain ECM synthesis and inhibit catabolic activities in IL-1β-stimulated NPCs. The mechanism behind this protective effect of KGN on NPCs was found to involve the asctivation of NRF2 and downstream antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase 1 and heme oxygenase 1. This was further supported by the loss of both antioxidant and anabolic effects upon pharmacological inhibition of NRF2. Furthermore, a self-healing hydrogel was developed and loaded with KGN to achieve localized and sustained release of the compound. The injection of KGN-enhanced hydrogel effectively ameliorated the degradation of NP ECM and mitigated inflammation in a rat model of puncture-induced IVDD. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that KGN exhibits potential as a therapeutic agent for NP degeneration, and that KGN-enhanced dynamic hydrogel represents a novel approach for treating IVDD by restoring redox homeostasis in NP.The translational potential of this article: The dysregulation of oxidant and antioxidant balance has been shown to impede the repair and regeneration of NP, thereby hastening the progression of IVDD following injury. The present investigation has demonstrated that the sustained release of KGN promotes the synthesis of ECM in vitro and mitigates the progression of IVDD in vivo by restoring redox equilibrium, thereby presenting a novel therapeutic candidate based on the antioxidant properties of KGN for the treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing City, 214200, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zhenhuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing City, 214200, China
| | - Xuesong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
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Shnayder NA, Ashhotov AV, Trefilova VV, Novitsky MA, Medvedev GV, Petrova MM, Narodova EA, Kaskaeva DS, Chumakova GA, Garganeeva NP, Lareva NV, Al-Zamil M, Asadullin AR, Nasyrova RF. High-Tech Methods of Cytokine Imbalance Correction in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13333. [PMID: 37686139 PMCID: PMC10487844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An important mechanism for the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an imbalance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therapeutic and non-therapeutic approaches for cytokine imbalance correction in IDD either do not give the expected result, or give a short period of time. This explains the relevance of high-tech medical care, which is part of specialized care and includes the use of new resource-intensive methods of treatment with proven effectiveness. The aim of the review is to update knowledge about new high-tech methods based on cytokine imbalance correction in IDD. It demonstrates promise of new approaches to IDD management in patients resistant to previously used therapies, including: cell therapy (stem cell implantation, implantation of autologous cultured cells, and tissue engineering); genetic technologies (gene modifications, microRNA, and molecular inducers of IDD); technologies for influencing the inflammatory cascade in intervertebral discs mediated by abnormal activation of inflammasomes; senolytics; exosomal therapy; and other factors (hypoxia-induced factors; lysyl oxidase; corticostatin; etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Shnayder
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.A.); (V.V.T.)
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (E.A.N.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Azamat V. Ashhotov
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.A.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Vera V. Trefilova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.A.); (V.V.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Hospital for War Veterans, 193079 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Maxim A. Novitsky
- Department of Neurology, Hospital for War Veterans, 193079 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - German V. Medvedev
- R.R. Vreden National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics, 195427 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Marina M. Petrova
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (E.A.N.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Narodova
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (E.A.N.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Daria S. Kaskaeva
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (E.A.N.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Galina A. Chumakova
- Department of Therapy and General Medical Practice with a Course of Postgraduate Professional Education, Altai State Medical University, 656038 Barnaul, Russia;
| | - Natalia P. Garganeeva
- Department of General Medical Practice and Outpatient Therapy, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Natalia V. Lareva
- Department of Therapy of Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Chita State Medical Academy, 672000 Chita, Russia;
| | - Mustafa Al-Zamil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Azat R. Asadullin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Regina F. Nasyrova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.A.); (V.V.T.)
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, 443016 Samara, Russia
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Zhang W, Wang T, Xue Y, Zhan B, Lai Z, Huang W, Peng X, Zhou Y. Research progress of extracellular vesicles and exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238789. [PMID: 37646039 PMCID: PMC10461809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and exosomes can significantly improve the curative effect of oxidative stress-related diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles and exosomes (MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos) are rich in bioactive molecules and have many biological regulatory functions. In this review, we describe how MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos reduce the related markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in various systemic diseases, and the molecular mechanism of MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos in treating apoptosis and vascular injury induced by oxidative stress. The results of a large number of experimental studies have shown that both local and systemic administration can effectively inhibit the oxidative stress response in diseases and promote the survival and regeneration of damaged parenchymal cells. The mRNA and miRNAs in MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos are the most important bioactive molecules in disease treatment, which can inhibit the apoptosis, necrosis and oxidative stress of lung, heart, kidney, liver, bone, skin and other cells, and promote their survive and regenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanye Xue
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingbing Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zengjie Lai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Marine Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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Yidian W, Jihe K, Xudong G, Daxue Z, Mingqiang L, Xuewen K. N-Acetylserotonin Protects Rat Nucleus Pulposus Cells Against Oxidative Stress Injury by Activating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. World Neurosurg 2023; 176:e109-e124. [PMID: 37169069 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current studies suggest that the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is related to oxidative stress damage in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). N-acetylserotonin (NAS) is an effective scavenger of reactive oxygen species, but its role in IDD and its underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NAS on oxidative stress injury in NPCs and its mechanism. METHODS NP tissue of rat intervertebral disc was collected and NPCs were isolated. NPCs were treated with H2O2 to simulate the state of oxidative stress. The effects of NAS on cell viability, apoptosis, senescence, extracellular matrix (ECM), redox status and PI3K/AKT signal pathway were evaluated by cell counting kit-8, western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and SA-β-gal staining. Finally, the changes of the above indexes were further observed after the inhibition of PI3K pathway by LY294002. RESULTS Flow cytometry showed that NAS reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis of NPCs. SA-β-Gal staining showed that H2O2-induced senescence of NP cells was reversed by NAS. Immunofluorescence staining showed that NAS inhibited H2O2-induced ECM degradation. Western blotting analysis revealed that NAS significantly decreased apoptosis, senescence and ECM degradation. Further analysis showed that NAS treatment activated the PI3K/AKT pathway in H2O2-stimulated NPCs. However, these protected effects were inhibited after LY294002 treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that NAS inhibits H2O2-induced NPCs degeneration by activating PI3K/AKT pathway, suggesting that NAS has the potential to treat IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yidian
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China; Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Jihe
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Guo Xudong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Zhu Daxue
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Liu Mingqiang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Kang Xuewen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China; The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for The Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.
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Zhou KS, Ran R, Gong CY, Zhang SB, Ma CW, Lv JY, Lei ZY, Ren Y, Zhang HH. Roles of pyroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154685. [PMID: 37494803 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), the key pathological process in low back pain, is characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive cell death. Pyroptosis is a type of pro-inflammatory programmed necrosis mediated by inflammasomes that is dependent on the gasdermin family of proteins. An in-depth study of the pathological mechanisms of IDD has revealed that pyroptosis plays an important role in its occurrence and development. The molecular characteristics and activation signaling mechanisms of pyroptosis are reviewed in this paper. Moreover, the specific roles of pyroptosis in IDD pathology are outlined and various targeted drugs for its treatment are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Sheng Zhou
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Rui Ran
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chao-Yang Gong
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shun-Bai Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chun-Wei Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jia-Yang Lv
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ze-Yuan Lei
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yi Ren
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Teo KYW, Tan R, Wong KL, Hey DHW, Hui JHP, Toh WS. Small extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells: the next therapeutic paradigm for musculoskeletal disorders. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:837-846. [PMID: 37191613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the biggest contributors to morbidity and place an enormous burden on the health care system in an aging population. Owing to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for treatment of a wide variety of conditions, including musculoskeletal disorders. Although MSCs were originally thought to differentiate and replace injured/diseased tissues, it is now accepted that MSCs mediate tissue repair through secretion of trophic factors, particularly extracellular vesicles (EVs). Endowed with a diverse cargo of bioactive lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites, MSC-EVs have been shown to elicit diverse cellular responses and interact with many cell types needed in tissue repair. The present review aims to summarize the latest advances in the use of native MSC-EVs for musculoskeletal regeneration, examine the cargo molecules and mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects, and discuss the progress and challenges in their translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristeen Ye Wen Teo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rachel Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Keng Lin Wong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dennis Hwee Weng Hey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - James Hoi Po Hui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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Yang L, Fang C, Song C, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhou S. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes are Effective for Radiation Enteritis and Essential for the Proliferation and Differentiation of Lgr5 + Intestinal Epithelial Stem Cells by Regulating Mir-195/Akt/β-Catenin Pathway. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:739-751. [PMID: 37326937 PMCID: PMC10352229 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation enteritis (RE) is a common complication of abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy, which when severe, could be life-threatening. Currently, there are no effective treatments. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) exhibit promising therapeutic effects in inflammatory diseases. However, the specific role of MSC-exos in RE and the regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS In vivo assay was carried out by injecting MSC-exos into the total abdominal irradiation (TAI)-induced RE mouse model. For in vitro assay, Lgr5-positive intestinal epithelial stem cells (Lgr5+ IESC) were extracted from mice, followed by irradiation along with MSC-exos treatment. HE staining was performed to measure histopathological changes. mRNA expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 and stem cell markers LGR5, and OCT4 were quantified by RT-qPCR. EdU and TUNEL staining was performed to estimate cell proliferation and apoptosis. MiR-195 expression in TAI mice and radiation-induced Lgr5+ IESC was tested. RESULTS We found that the injection of MSC-exos inhibited inflammatory reaction, increased stem cell marker expression, and maintained intestinal epithelial integrity in TAI mice. Furthermore, MSC-exos treatment increased the proliferation and simultaneously suppressed apoptosis in radiation-stimulated Lgr5+ IESC. MiR-195 expression increased by radiation exposure was decreased by MSC-exos therapy. MiR-195 overexpression facilitated the progress of RE by counteracting the effect of MSC-exos. Mechanistically, the Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways inhibited by MSC-exos were activated by miR-195 upregulation. CONCLUSION MSC-Exos are effective in treating RE and are essential for the proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5+ IESCs. Moreover, MSC-exos mediates its function by regulating miR-195 Akt β-catenin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150, Ximen Street, Linhai, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengfeng Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150, Ximen Street, Linhai, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caifang Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150, Ximen Street, Linhai, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaya Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150, Ximen Street, Linhai, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150, Ximen Street, Linhai, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shenkang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150, Ximen Street, Linhai, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu C, Fan L, Guan M, Zheng Q, Jin J, Kang X, Gao Z, Deng X, Shen Y, Chu G, Chen J, Yu Z, Zhou L, Wang Y. A Redox Homeostasis Modulatory Hydrogel with GLRX3 + Extracellular Vesicles Attenuates Disc Degeneration by Suppressing Nucleus Pulposus Cell Senescence. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37432866 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by nucleus pulposus (NP) cell senescence and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, disc degeneration is a common pathology for various degenerative spinal disorders. To date, effective treatments for disc degeneration are absent. Here, we found that Glutaredoxin3 (GLRX3) is an important redox-regulating molecule associated with NP cell senescence and disc degeneration. Using a hypoxic preconditioning method, we developed GLRX3+ mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vehicles (EVs-GLRX3), which enhanced the cellular antioxidant defense, thus preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and senescence cascade expansion in vitro. Further, a disc tissue-like biopolymer-based supramolecular hydrogel, which was injectable, degradable, and ROS-responsive, was proposed to deliver EVs-GLRX3 for treating disc degeneration. Using a rat model of disc degeneration, we demonstrated that the EVs-GLRX3-loaded hydrogel attenuated mitochondrial damage, alleviated the NP senescence state, and restored ECM deposition by modulating the redox homeostasis. Our findings suggested that modulation of redox homeostasis in the disc can rejuvenate NP cell senescence and thus attenuate disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zheng
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Jiale Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinchang Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongyang Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Guangyu Chu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingyao Chen
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Samanta A, Lufkin T, Kraus P. Intervertebral disc degeneration-Current therapeutic options and challenges. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1156749. [PMID: 37483952 PMCID: PMC10359191 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1156749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a normal part of aging. Due to the spine's declining function and the development of pain, it may affect one's physical health, mental health, and socioeconomic status. Most of the intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) therapies today focus on the symptoms of low back pain rather than the underlying etiology or mechanical function of the disc. The deteriorated disc is typically not restored by conservative or surgical therapies that largely focus on correcting symptoms and structural abnormalities. To enhance the clinical outcome and the quality of life of a patient, several therapeutic modalities have been created. In this review, we discuss genetic and environmental causes of IVDD and describe promising modern endogenous and exogenous therapeutic approaches including their applicability and relevance to the degeneration process.
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Zheng D, Ruan H, Chen W, Zhang Y, Cui W, Chen H, Shen H. Advances in extracellular vesicle functionalization strategies for tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:500-526. [PMID: 37056271 PMCID: PMC10087114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-scale vesicles derived by cell secretion with unique advantages such as promoting cell proliferation, anti-inflammation, promoting blood vessels and regulating cell differentiation, which benefit their wide applications in regenerative medicine. However, the in vivo therapeutic effect of EVs still greatly restricted by several obstacles, including the off-targetability, rapid blood clearance, and undesired release. To address these issues, biomedical engineering techniques are vastly explored. This review summarizes different strategies to enhance EV functions from the perspective of drug loading, modification, and combination of biomaterials, and emphatically introduces the latest developments of functionalized EV-loaded biomaterials in different diseases, including cardio-vascular system diseases, osteochondral disorders, wound healing, nerve injuries. Challenges and future directions of EVs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Huitong Ruan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
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Cong B, Sun T, Zhao Y, Chen M. Current and Novel Therapeutics for Articular Cartilage Repair and Regeneration. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2023; 19:485-502. [PMID: 37360195 PMCID: PMC10290456 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s410277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair is a sophisticated process that has is being recently investigated. There are several different approaches that are currently reported to promote cartilage repair, like cell-based therapies, biologics, and physical therapy. Cell-based therapies involve the using stem cells or chondrocytes, which make up cartilage, to promote the growth of new cartilage. Biologics, like growth factors, are also being applied to enhance cartilage repair. Physical therapy, like exercise and weight-bearing activities, can also be used to promote cartilage repair by inducing new cartilage growth and improving joint function. Additionally, surgical options like osteochondral autograft, autologous chondrocyte implantation, microfracture, and others are also reported for cartilage regeneration. In the current literature review, we aim to provide an up-to-date discussion about these approaches and discuss the current research status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cong
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory for Repair and Reconstruction of Bone & Joint, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory for Repair and Reconstruction of Bone & Joint, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory for Repair and Reconstruction of Bone & Joint, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Dou Y, Liu Y, Di M, Bian H, Sun X, Yang Q. Advances in Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3285-3307. [PMID: 37346366 PMCID: PMC10281276 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s409588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale bilayer phospholipid membrane vesicles released by cells. Contained large molecules such as nucleic acid, protein, and lipid, EVs are an integral part of cell communication. The contents of EVs vary based on the cell source and play an important role in both pathological and physiological conditions. EVs can be used as drugs or targets in disease treatment, and changes in the contents of EVs can indicate the progression of diseases. In recent years, with the continuous exploration of the structure, characteristics, and functions of EVs, the potential of engineered EVs for drug delivery and therapy being constantly explored. This review provides a brief overview of the structure, characteristics and functions of EVs, summarizes the advanced application of EVs and outlook on the prospect of it. It is our hope that this review will increase understanding of the current development of medical applications of EVs and help us overcome future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Dou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Di
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanming Bian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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63
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Wei J, Ou Z, Tong B, Liao Z, Yang C. Engineered extracellular vesicles as therapeutics of degenerative orthopedic diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1162263. [PMID: 37362216 PMCID: PMC10289007 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1162263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative orthopedic diseases, as a global public health problem, have made serious negative impact on patients' quality of life and socio-economic burden. Traditional treatments, including chemical drugs and surgical treatments, have obvious side effects and unsatisfactory efficacy. Therefore, biological therapy has become the focus of researches on degenerative orthopedic diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), with superior properties of immunoregulatory, growth support, and drug delivery capabilities, have emerged as a new cell-free strategy for the treatment of many diseases, including degenerative orthopedic diseases. An increasing number of studies have shown that EVs can be engineered through cargo loading, surface modification, and chemical synthesis to improve efficiency, specificity, and safety. Herein, a comprehensive overview of recent advances in engineering strategies and applications of engineered EVs as well as related researches in degenerative orthopedic diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP), intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), is provided. In addition, we analyze the potential and challenges of applying engineered EVs to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cao Yang
- *Correspondence: Zhiwei Liao, ; Cao Yang,
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Li J, Huang Y, Sun H, Yang L. Mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes in the treatment of age-related diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181308. [PMID: 37275920 PMCID: PMC10232739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from multiple tissues have the capability of multidirectional differentiation and self-renewal. Many reports indicated that MSCs exert curative effects on a variety of age-related diseases through regeneration and repair of aging cells and organs. However, as research has progressed, it has become clear that it is the MSCs derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) that may have a real role to play, and that they can be modified to achieve better therapeutic results, making them even more advantageous than MSCs for treating disease. This review generalizes the biological characteristics of MSCs and exosomes and their mechanisms in treating age-related diseases, for example, MSCs and their exosomes can treat age-related diseases through mechanisms such as oxidative stress (OS), Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, and so on. In addition, current in vivo and in vitro trials are described, and ongoing clinical trials are discussed, as well as the prospects and challenges for the future use of exosomes in disease treatment. This review will provide references for using exosomes to treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhou Q, Zhu C, Xuan A, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Tang L, Ruan D. Fisetin regulates the biological effects of rat nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells under oxidative stress by sirtuin-1 pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e865. [PMID: 37249300 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive oxidative stress has been accepted as one of the critical factors for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which is associated with low back pain (LBP). Fisetin (Fis) is a bioactive flavonoid that possesses strong bioactive activity. In present study, we aimed to illuminate the role of Fis on nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs). METHODS NPMSCs were isolated and cultured from rat NP tissues and identified by flow cytometry and multilinear differentiation. The cytotoxicity of Fis, EX-527, and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) on NPMSCs was validated using Cell Counting Kit-8 tests. Cell apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Inflammatory mediators were assessed by Elisa tests, RT-PCR. Extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism was measured by Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. The expression of the SIRT1 was evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS NPMSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from rat NP tissues, and it has been identified by flow cytometry and multilinear differentiation. The results showed that Fis attenuated H2 O2 -induced apoptosis, inflammation, and ECM degradation of NPMSCs. Moreover, the above protective effects of Fis can be inhibited by EX-527, a unique SIRT1 inhibitor, indicating that SIRT1 may involve in the mechanism of Fis in protecting NPMSCs from oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS As a natural compound with little cytotoxicity on NPMSCs, Fis alleviate H2 O2 -induced apoptosis, inflammation, and ECM degradation by suppressing oxidative stress, this finding may add the theoretical basis for research on new treatment of IDD based on NPMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anwu Xuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junyou Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenbiao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dike Ruan
- Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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66
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Yu Y, Li W, Xian T, Tu M, Wu H, Zhang J. Human Embryonic Stem-Cell-Derived Exosomes Repress NLRP3 Inflammasome to Alleviate Pyroptosis in Nucleus Pulposus Cells by Transmitting miR-302c. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087664. [PMID: 37108824 PMCID: PMC10141109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is extensively activated in the process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), leading to the pyroptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and the exacerbation of the pathological development of the intervertebral disc (IVD). Exosomes derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs-exo) have shown great therapeutic potential in degenerative diseases. We hypothesized that hESCs-exo could alleviate IVDD by downregulating NLRP3. We measured the NLRP3 protein levels in different grades of IVDD and the effect of hESCs-exo on the H2O2-induced pyroptosis of NPCs. Our results indicate that the expression of NLRP3 was upregulated with the increase in IVD degeneration. hESCs-exo were able to reduce the H2O2-mediated pyroptosis of NPCs by downregulating the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes. Bioinformatics software predicted that miR-302c, an embryonic stem-cell-specific RNA, can inhibit NLRP3, thereby alleviating the pyroptosis of NPCs, and this was further verified by the overexpression of miR-302c in NPCs. In vivo experiments confirmed the above results in a rat caudal IVDD model. Our study demonstrates that hESCs-exo could inhibit excessive NPC pyroptosis by downregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome during IVDD, and miR-302c may play a key role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tinghui Xian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mei Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Lu R, Xu H, Deng X, Wang Y, He Z, Xu S, Liang S, Huang X, You H, Guo F, Cheng P, Chen AM. Physalin A alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. J Orthop Translat 2023; 39:74-87. [PMID: 36788965 PMCID: PMC9898579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common degenerative disease with inflammation, decreased autophagy, and progression of fibrosis as its possible pathogenesis. Physalin A (PA) is a widely studied anti-inflammatory drug. However, its therapeutic effects on IVDD remain unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of PA in IVDD progression. Materials and methods In vivo, we investigated PA bioactivity using a puncture-induced IVDD rat model. IVDD signals and height changes were detected using X-ray, micro-CT, and MRI, and structural and molecular lesions using histological staining and immunohistochemistry of intervertebral disc sections. In vivo, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and TGF-β1 were employed to establish inflammation fibrotic nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. The PA effect duration, concentration, influence pathways, and pathological changes in IVDD treatment were elucidated using western blotting, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence. Results PA exerted significant effects on IVDD remission due to anti-inflammation, fibrosis reduction, and autophagy enhancement. In vitro, PA improved inflammation by blocking the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, whereas it promoted autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and affected fibrotic progression by regulating the SMAD2/3 pathway. Moreover, PA improved the disc degeneration process in IVDD model. Conclusions PA exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects and improved autophagy in vivo and in vitro IVDD models, thus effectively relieving IVDD progression, indicating it is a promising agent for IVDD treatment. The translational potential of this article This study successfully reveals that PA, a natural bioactive withanolide, effectively relieved IVDD progression via inflammation inhibition, fibrosis reduction, and autophagy enhancement, indicating it is a promising agent for IVDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaofeng Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yingguang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shimeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaojian Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongbo You
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - An-min Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Wang H, Huber CC, Li XP. Mesenchymal and Neural Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Treating Alzheimer's Disease. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:253. [PMID: 36829747 PMCID: PMC9952071 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most common form of dementia and a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects over 10% world population with age 65 and older. The disease is neuropathologically associated with progressive loss of neurons and synapses in specific brain regions, deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Despite the intensive effort, there is still no cure for the disorder. Stem cell-derived exosomes hold great promise in treating various diseases, including AD, as they contain a variety of anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant components. Moreover, stem cell-derived exosomes also promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis and can repair damaged BBB. In this review, we will first outline the major neuropathological features associated with AD; subsequently, a discussion of stem cells, stem cell-secreted exosomes, and the major exosome isolation methods will follow. We will then summarize the recent data involving the use of mesenchymal stem cell- or neural stem cell-derived exosomes in treating AD. Finally, we will briefly discuss the challenges, perspectives, and clinical trials using stem cell-derived exosomes for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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Sharma A. Mitochondrial cargo export in exosomes: Possible pathways and implication in disease biology. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:687-697. [PMID: 36745675 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosome biogenesis occurs parallel to multiple endocytic traffic routes. These coexisting routes drive cargo loading in exosomes via overlapping of exosome biogenesis with endosomal pathways. One such pathway is autophagy which captures damaged intracellular organelles or their components in an autophagosome vesicle and route them for lysosomal degradation. However, in case of a noncanonical fusion event between autophagosome and maturing multivesicular body (MVB)-a site for exosome biogenesis, the autophagic cargo is putatively loaded in exosomes and subsequent released out of the cell via formation of an "amphisome" like structure. Similarly, during "mitophagy" or mitochondrial (mt) autophagy, amphisome formation routes mitophagy cargo to exosomes. These mt-cargo enriched exosomes or mt-enREXO are often positive for LC3 protein-an autophagic flux marker, and potent regulators of paracrine signaling with both homeostatic and pathological roles. Here, I review this emerging concept and discuss how intracellular autophagic routes helps in generation of mt-enREXO and utility of these vesicles in paracrine cellular signaling and diagnostic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Sharma
- ExoCan Healthcare Technologies Ltd, Pune, India
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Dai Z, Xia C, Zhao T, Wang H, Tian H, Xu O, Zhu X, Zhang J, Chen P. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction. Mater Today Bio 2023; 18:100512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Zhang J, Sun J, Chen D, Kang J, Peng C, Chang X, Zhou H. Suppression of matrix degradation and amelioration of disc degeneration by a 970-nm diode laser via inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway in a rabbit model. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:58. [PMID: 36717466 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) mainly manifests as an imbalance between the synthesis and degradation of cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inflammatory response of intervertebral discs causes ECM degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 970-nm diode laser therapy (DLT) on inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and ECM degradation proteinases in nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues in a puncture-induced rabbit IVDD model. Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into six groups: the normal group, IVDD group, laser group, sham laser group, IVDD + anisomycin (p38MAPK signaling pathway agonist), and laser + anisomycin group. Effects of laser on IVDD progression were detected using radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging. Hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue, safranin O-fast green staining, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry staining were performed for the histological analysis and molecular mechanism underlying protection against puncture-induced matrix degradation in NP tissues by DLT. DLT reduced the degree of disc degeneration in the gross anatomy of the disc and increased the T2-weighted signal intensity of NP. Inflammatory cytokine IL-1β levels in the disc were significantly reduced after DLT suppressed the matrix-degrading proteinases MMP13 and ADAMTS-5 and upregulated the protein expression of collagen II and aggrecan. Moreover, it inhibited the p38MAPK signaling pathway in NP tissues in a puncture-induced rabbit IVDD model. DLT reduced puncture-induced overexpression of inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-1β, thus inhibiting matrix degeneration of NP tissues and ameliorating IVDD. This may be related to inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Zhang
- Department of Pain Management, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.25 Post Office Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of Pain Management, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, 400036, China
| | - Dezhi Chen
- Department of Pain Management, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiyu Kang
- Department of Pain Management, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chuan Peng
- Department of Pain Management, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaotao Chang
- Department of Pain Management, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Huacheng Zhou
- Department of Pain Management, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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72
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Ma M, Cui G, Liu Y, Tang Y, Lu X, Yue C, Zhang X. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, osteoimmunology and orthopedic diseases. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14677. [PMID: 36710868 PMCID: PMC9881470 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in tissue healing and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation properties. MSCs exert their therapeutic effects mainly via the paracrine pathway, which involves the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs have a high drug loading capacity and can transport various molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, that can modify the course of diverse diseases. Due to their ability to maintain the therapeutic effects of their parent cells, MSC-derived EVs have emerged as a promising, safe cell-free treatment approach for tissue regeneration. With advances in inflammation research and emergence of the field of osteoimmunology, evidence has accumulated pointing to the role of inflammatory and osteoimmunological processes in the occurrence and progression of orthopedic diseases. Several studies have shown that MSC-derived EVs participate in bone regeneration and the pathophysiology of orthopedic diseases by regulating the inflammatory environment, enhancing angiogenesis, and promoting the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the application and functions of MSC-derived EVs as potential therapies against orthopedic diseases, including osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis and osteonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Guofeng Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Youwen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yanfeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chen Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
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73
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Louie HH, Mugisho OO, Chamley LW, Rupenthal ID. Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers and Therapeutics for Inflammatory Eye Diseases. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:23-40. [PMID: 36332193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of cell-derived membrane vesicles of varying sizes that can be secreted by most cells. Depending on the type of cell they are derived from, EVs may contain a variety of cargo including proteins, lipids, miRNA, and DNA. Functionally, EVs play important roles in physiological and pathological processes through intercellular communication. While there has already been significant literature on the involvement of EVs in neurological and cardiovascular disease as well as cancer, recent evidence suggests that EVs may also play a role in mediating inflammatory eye diseases. This paper summarizes current advancements in ocular EV research as well as new ways by which EVs may be utilized as novel biomarkers of or therapeutics for inflammatory eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Louie
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Odunayo O Mugisho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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74
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Liu Z, Zhu J, Liu H, Fu C. Natural products can modulate inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1150835. [PMID: 36874009 PMCID: PMC9978229 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1150835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral discs (IVDs) play a crucial role in maintaining normal vertebral anatomy as well as mobile function. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common clinical symptom and is an important cause of low back pain (LBP). IDD is initially considered to be associated with aging and abnormal mechanical loads. However, over recent years, researchers have discovered that IDD is caused by a variety of mechanisms, including persistent inflammation, functional cell loss, accelerated extracellular matrix decomposition, the imbalance of functional components, and genetic metabolic disorders. Of these, inflammation is thought to interact with other mechanisms and is closely associated with the production of pain. Considering the key role of inflammation in IDD, the modulation of inflammation provides us with new options for mitigating the progression of degeneration and may even cause reversal. Many natural substances possess anti-inflammatory functions. Due to the wide availability of such substances, it is important that we screen and identify natural agents that are capable of regulating IVD inflammation. In fact, many studies have demonstrated the potential clinical application of natural substances for the regulation of inflammation in IDD; some of these have been proven to have excellent biosafety. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and interactions that are responsible for inflammation in IDD and review the application of natural products for the modulation of degenerative disc inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtai Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiabo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Baicheng Central Hospital, Baicheng, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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75
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Hechavarria ME, Richard SA. Elucidating the Focal Immunomodulatory Clues Influencing Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Milieu of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:62-75. [PMID: 35450531 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220420134619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intervertebral discs (IVDs) are a relatively mobile joint that interconnects vertebrae of the spine. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the leading causes of low back pain, which is most often related to patient morbidity as well as high medical costs. Patients with chronic IVDD often need surgery that may sometimes lead to biomechanical complications as well as augmented degeneration of the adjacent segments. Moreover, treatment modalities like rigid intervertebral fusion, dynamic instrumentation, as well as other surgical interventions are still controversial. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have exhibited to have immunomodulatory functions and the ability to differentiate into cartilage, making these cells possibly an epitome for IVD regeneration. Transplanted MSCs were able to repair IVDD back to the normal disc milieu via the activation of the generation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as aggrecan, proteoglycans and collagen types I and II. IVD milieu clues like, periostin, cluster of differentiation, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukins, chemokines, transforming growth factor beta, reactive oxygen species, toll-like receptors, tyrosine protein kinase receptor and disialoganglioside, exosomes are capable of influencing the MSCs during treatment of IVDD. ECM microenvironment clues above have potentials as biomarkers as well as accurate molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seidu A Richard
- Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P. O. Box MA 128, Ho-Volta Region, Ghana, West Africa
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76
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Extracellular vesicles DJ-1 derived from hypoxia-conditioned hMSCs alleviate cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing mitochondria dysfunction and preventing ATRAP degradation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106607. [PMID: 36509316 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a pathological myocardial remodeling process in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, cardiac hypertrophy still has no effective treatment. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been recognized as a promising treatment strategy for cardiac disease. METHODS In this study, the inhibitory effects on cardiac hypertrophy are compared between normoxia-conditioned hMSC-derived EVs (Nor-EVs) and hypoxia-conditioned hMSC-derived EVs (Hypo-EVs) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) after angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation and in a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC). RESULTS We demonstrate that Hypo-EVs exert an increased inhibitory effect on cardiac hypertrophy compared with Nor-EVs. Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7/DJ-1) is identify as a differential protein between Nor-EVs and Hypo-EVs by quantitative proteomics analysis. Results show that DJ-1, which is rich in Hypo-EVs, alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production as an antioxidant. Mechanistic studies demonstrate for the first time that DJ-1 may suppress cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the activity of proteasome subunit beta type 10 (PSMB10) through a direct physical interaction. This interaction can inhibit angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-mediated signaling pathways resulting in cardiac hypertrophy through alleviating ubiquitination degradation of AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP). CONCLUSIONS When taken together, our study suggests that Hypo-EVs have significant potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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77
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Extracellular Vesicles and Cellular Ageing. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:271-311. [PMID: 36600137 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex process characterized by deteriorated performance at multiple levels, starting from cellular dysfunction to organ degeneration. Stem cell-based therapies aim to administrate stem cells that eventually migrate to the injured site to replenish the damaged tissue and recover tissue functionality. Stem cells can be easily obtained and cultured in vitro, and display several qualities such as self-renewal, differentiation, and immunomodulation that make them suitable candidates for stem cell-based therapies. Current animal studies and clinical trials are being performed to assess the safety and beneficial effects of stem cell engraftments for regenerative medicine in ageing and age-related diseases.Since alterations in cell-cell communication have been associated with the development of pathophysiological processes, new research is focusing on the modulation of the microenvironment. Recent research has highlighted the important role of some microenvironment components that modulate cell-cell communication, thus spreading signals from damaged ageing cells to neighbor healthy cells, thereby promoting systemic ageing. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small-rounded vesicles released by almost every cell type. EVs cargo includes several bioactive molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and genetic material. Once internalized by target cells, their specific cargo can induce epigenetic modifications and alter the fate of the recipient cells. Also, EV's content is dependent on the releasing cells, thus, EVs can be used as biomarkers for several diseases. Moreover, EVs have been proposed to be used as cell-free therapies that focus on their administration to slow or even reverse some hallmarks of physiological ageing. It is not surprising that EVs are also under study as next-generation therapies for age-related diseases.
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78
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Nanofiber reinforced alginate hydrogel for leak-proof delivery and higher stress loading in nucleus pulposus. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120193. [PMID: 36876807 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels effectively remodel degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) with a resemblance to the in vivo microenvironment. However, the pressure within the intervertebral disc requires load-bearing implants. The hydrogel must undergo a rapid phase transition upon injection to avoid leakage. In this study, an injectable sodium alginate hydrogel was reinforced with silk fibroin nanofibers with core-shell structures. The nanofiber-embedded hydrogel provided support to adjacent tissues and facilitated cell proliferation. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was incorporated into the core-shell nanofibers for sustained release and enhanced NP regeneration. The composite hydrogel exhibited excellent compressive strength and enabled leak-proof delivery of PRP. In rat intervertebral disc degeneration models, radiography and MRI signal intensities were significantly reduced after 8 weeks of injections with the nanofiber-reinforced hydrogel. The biomimetic fiber gel-like structure was constructed in situ, providing mechanical support for NP repair, promoting the reconstruction of the tissue microenvironment, and finally realizing the regeneration of NP.
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79
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Li W, Xu Y, Chen W. Bone mesenchymal stem cells deliver exogenous lncRNA CAHM via exosomes to regulate macrophage polarization and ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration. Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113408. [PMID: 36334792 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) were reported to have therapeutic potential in degenerative diseases. This study aimed to explore the effects of BMSC-Exos on inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization, reducing excessive nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) apoptosis, and inhibiting ECM degradation during intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Rat IDD models were established by acupuncture. For the co-culture experiment, we used BMSC-Exo or human monocyte leukemia (THP-1) medium to incubate THP-1 or NPCs, respectively. BMSC-Exo was isolated from the BMSC medium, identified by TEM and NTA, and injected into the intervertebral discs of IDD rats. The macrophage infiltration in intervertebral disc tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. ELISA was used to measure the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. The ECM degradation was analyzed by Western blot. The cell proportion and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The morphological change of the intervertebral disc was analyzed by HE and safranin O fixation staining. In intervertebral disc tissues of IDD rats, we found the increased infiltration of M1 macrophages, with upregulated iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Compared with BMSCs, the expression of CAHM in BMSC-Exo was significantly higher. Using co-cultured experiments, we proved that BMSC-Exo reduced apoptosis and ECM degradation of NPCs by inhibiting M1-type macrophage polarization by delivering CAHM. In addition, BMSC-Exo could improve IDD in vivo, including increased proteoglycan content, reduced macrophage infiltration and ECM degradation, and decrease expression of inflammatory factors by delivering CAHM. In conclusion, BMSC-Exo delivered exogenous CAHM via exosomes to regulate macrophage polarization and ameliorate IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Wenjian Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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80
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Lian MQ, Chng WH, Liang J, Yeo HQ, Lee CK, Belaid M, Tollemeto M, Wacker MG, Czarny B, Pastorin G. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles: Recent advancements and current challenges on their use for biomedical applications. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12283. [PMID: 36519808 PMCID: PMC9753580 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse class of lipid bilayer membrane vesicles released by both animal and plant cells. These ubiquitous vesicles are involved in intercellular communication and transport of various biological cargos, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In recent years, interest in plant-derived EVs has increased tremendously, as they serve as a scalable and sustainable alternative to EVs derived from mammalian sources. In vitro and in vivo findings have demonstrated that these plant-derived vesicles (PDVs) possess intrinsic therapeutic activities that can potentially treat diseases and improve human health. In addition, PDVs can also act as efficient and biocompatible drug carriers. While preclinical studies have shown promising results, there are still several challenges and knowledge gaps that have to be addressed for the successful translation of PDVs into clinical applications, especially in view of the lack of standardised protocols for material handling and PDV isolation from various plant sources. This review provides the readers with a quick overview of the current understanding and research on PDVs, critically analysing the current challenges and highlighting the immense potential of PDVs as a novel class of therapeutics to treat human diseases. It is expected that this work will guide scientists to address the knowledge gaps currently associated with PDVs and promote new advances in plant-based therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Heng Chng
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jeremy Liang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Hui Qing Yeo
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Choon Keong Lee
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mona Belaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matteo Tollemeto
- Department of Health TechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Bertrand Czarny
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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81
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Optic Nerve Injury: Neuroprotection and Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233720. [PMID: 36496979 PMCID: PMC9738450 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies hold great promise as alternative treatments for incurable optic nerve disorders. Although mesenchymal stem cells exhibit various tissue regeneration and recovery capabilities that may serve as valuable therapies, the clinical applications remain limited. Thus, we investigated the utility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPSCs) in this context. Hypoxically preconditioned hPSCs (HPPSCs) were prepared via short-term incubation under 2.2% O2 and 5.5% CO2. The EVs were then isolated. R28 cells (retinal precursor cells) were exposed to CoCl2 and treated with EVs for 24 h. Cell proliferation and regeneration were measured using a BrdU assay and immunoblotting; ATP quantification revealed the extent of the mitochondrial function. The proteome was determined via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected and their interactions identified. HPPSC_EVs functions were explored using animal models of optic nerve compression. HPPSC_EVs restored cell proliferation and mitochondrial quality control in R28 cells damaged by CoCl2. We identified DEPs (p < 0.05) that aided recovery. The mitochondrial DEPs included LONP1; PARK7; VDAC1, 2, and 3; HSPD1; and HSPA9. EVs regulated the levels of mitophagic proteins in R28 cells injured by hypoxia; the protein levels did not increase in LONP1 knockdown cells. LONP1 is a key mediator of the mitophagy that restores mitochondrial function after hypoxia-induced optic nerve injury.
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82
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The Influence of Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment on the Biological Behavior of Engrafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8671482. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8671482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is the main cause of low back pain. Traditional treatment methods cannot repair degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. The emergence of stem cell therapy makes it possible to regenerate and repair degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. At present, mesenchymal stem cells are the most studied, and different types of mesenchymal stem cells have their own characteristics. However, due to the harsh and complex internal microenvironment of the intervertebral disc, it will affect the biological behaviors of the implanted mesenchymal stem cells, such as viability, proliferation, migration, and chondrogenic differentiation, thereby affecting the therapeutic effect. This review is aimed at summarizing the influence of each intervertebral disc microenvironmental factor on the biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells, so as to provide new ideas for using tissue engineering technology to assist stem cells to overcome the influence of the microenvironment in the future.
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83
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Wen P, Zheng B, Zhang B, Ma T, Hao L, Zhang Y. The role of ageing and oxidative stress in intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1052878. [PMID: 36419928 PMCID: PMC9676652 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1052878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary cause of intervertebral disc (IVD) disease. With the increased ageing of society, an increasing number of patients are plagued by intervertebral disc disease. Ageing not only accelerates the decreased vitality and functional loss of intervertebral disc cells but also increases intracellular oxidative stress. Moreover, the speed of intervertebral disc ageing is also linked to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Not only is the production of ROS increased in ageing intervertebral disc cells, but antioxidant levels in degenerative intervertebral discs also decrease. In addition to the intervertebral disc, the structural components of the intervertebral disc matrix are vulnerable to oxidative damage. After chronic mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS can be produced in large quantities, while autophagy can eliminate these impaired mitochondria to reduce the production of ROS. Oxidative stress has a marked impact on the occurrence of IDD. In the future, IDD treatment is aiming to improve oxidative stress by regulating the redox balance in intervertebral disc cells. In summary, ageing and oxidative stress promote the degeneration of IVD, but further basic and clinical trials are needed to determine how to treat oxidative stress. At present, although there are many in-depth studies on the relationship between oxidative stress and degeneration of intervertebral disc cells, the specific mechanism has not been elucidated. In this paper, the main causes of intervertebral disc diseases are studied and summarized, and the impact of oxidative stress on intervertebral disc degeneration is studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bolong Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binfei Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linjie Hao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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84
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He S, Zhou X, Yang G, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Shao X, Liang T, Lv N, Chen J, Qian Z. Proteomic comparison between physiological degeneration and needle puncture model of disc generation disease. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022; 31:2920-2934. [PMID: 35842490 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The completeness of the intervertebral disc proteome is fundamental to the integrity and functionality of the intervertebral disc. METHODS The 20 experimental rats were placed into two groups randomly, normal group (NG) and acupuncture pathological degeneration group-2 weeks (APDG-2w). The ten 24-month-old rats were grouped into physiological degeneration group (PDG). Magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray examination, histological staining (hematoxylin & eosin, safranin-O cartilage, and alcian blue staining), and immunohistochemical examination were carried out for assessing the degree of disc degradation. Intervertebral disc was collected, and protein composition was determined by LC- MS, followed by bioinformatic analysis including significance analysis, subcellular localization prediction, protein domain prediction, GO function and KEGG pathway analysis, and protein interaction network construction. LC-PRM was done for protein quantification. RESULTS Physiological degeneration and especially needle puncture decreased T2 signal intensity and intervertebral disc height. Results from hematoxylin & eosin, safranin-O, and alcian blue staining revealed that the annulus fibrosus apparently showed the wavy and collapsed fibrocartilage lamellas in APDG-2w and PDG groups. The contents of the nucleus pulposus were decreased in physiological degeneration group and APDG-2w group compared with NG. Results from immunohistochemical analysis suggested the degeneration of intervertebral disc and inflammation in APDG-2w and PDG groups. The protein composition and expression between needle puncture rat models and the physiological degeneration group showed significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Our studies produced point-reference datasets of normal rats, physiological degeneration rats, and needle puncture rat models, which is beneficial to subsequent pathological studies. There is differential expression of protein expression in degenerative discs with aging and acupuncture, which may be used as a potential discriminating index for different intervertebral degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjun He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Xinmin Road 2, Danyang, Zhenjiang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guotao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Xinmin Road 2, Danyang, Zhenjiang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangzhe Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nanning Lv
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 41 Hailian Street, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Xinmin Road 2, Danyang, Zhenjiang, 212300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhonglai Qian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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85
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Zhang CY, Hu XC, Zhang GZ, Liu MQ, Chen HW, Kang XW. Role of Nrf2 and HO-1 in intervertebral disc degeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:559-576. [PMID: 35736364 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2089565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common age-related disease with clinical manifestations of lumbar and leg pain and limited mobility. The pathogenesis of IDD is mainly mediated by the death of intervertebral disc (IVD) cells and the imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation. Oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions are the important factors causing this pathological change. Therefore, the regulation of reactive oxygen species and production of inflammatory factors may be an effective strategy to delay the progression of IDD. In recent years, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream regulated protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) have received special attention due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic protective effects. Recent studies have elucidated the important role of these two proteins in the treatment of IDD disease. However, Nrf2 and HO-1 have not been systematically reported in IDD-related diseases. Therefore, this review describes the biological characteristics of Nrf2 and HO-1, the relationship between Nrf2- and HO-1-regulated oxidative stress and the inflammatory response and IDD, and the progress in research on some extracts targeting Nrf2 and HO-1 to improve IDD. Understanding the role and mechanism of Nrf2 and HO-1 in IDD may provide novel ideas for the clinical treatment and development of Nrf2- and HO-1-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang-Yu Zhang
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xu-Chang Hu
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhang
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ming-Qiang Liu
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Hai-Wei Chen
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xue-Wen Kang
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
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86
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Oxidative Stress and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Pathophysiology, Signaling Pathway, and Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1984742. [PMID: 36262281 PMCID: PMC9576411 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1984742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), characterized as decreased proteoglycan content, ossification of endplate, and decreased intervertebral height, is one of the major reasons of low back pain, which seriously affects the quality of life and also brings heavy economic burden. However, the mechanisms leading to IDD and its therapeutic targets have not been fully elucidated. Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidant systems, between too many products of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the insufficient scavenging function. Excessive ROS can damage cell lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, which has been proved to be related to the development of a variety of diseases. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have reported that oxidative stress is involved in the pathological process of IDD. Excessive ROS can accelerate the IDD process via inducing the pathological activities, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and senescence. In this review, we focused on pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced IDD. Moreover, the present review also summarized the possible ideas for the future therapy strategies of oxidative stress-related IDD.
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87
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Xia Y, Yang R, Hou Y, Wang H, Li Y, Zhu J, Fu C. Application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes from different sources in intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1019437. [PMID: 36277386 PMCID: PMC9585200 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1019437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a main cause of lower back pain, leading to psychological and economic burdens to patients. Physical therapy only delays pain in patients but cannot eliminate the cause of IVDD. Surgery is required when the patient cannot tolerate pain or has severe neurological symptoms. Although surgical resection of IVD or decompression of the laminae eliminates the diseased segment, it damages adjacent normal IVD. There is also a risk of re-protrusion after IVD removal. Cell therapy has played a crucial role in the development of regenerative medicine. Cell transplantation promotes regeneration of degenerative tissue. However, owing to the lack of vascular structure in IVD, sufficient nutrients cannot be provided for transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition, dead cells release harmful substances that aggravate IVDD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively studied as an emerging therapeutic approach. EVs generated by paracrine MSCs retain the potential of MSCs and serve as carriers to deliver their contents to target cells to regulate target cell activity. Owing to their double-layered membrane structure, EVs have a low immunogenicity and no immune rejection. Therefore, EVs are considered an emerging therapeutic modality in IVDD. However, they are limited by mass production and low loading rates. In this review, the structure of IVD and advantages of EVs are introduced, and the application of MSC-EVs in IVDD is discussed. The current limitations of EVs and future applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulin Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Changfeng Fu,
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88
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Hu J, Li C, Jin S, Ye Y, Fang Y, Xu P, Zhang C. Salvianolic acid B combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells piggybacked on HAMA hydrogel re-transplantation improves intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:950625. [PMID: 36237221 PMCID: PMC9552300 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.950625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based tissue engineering approaches have emerged as a realistic alternative for regenerative disc tissue repair. The multidirectional differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to treat disc degeneration intervertebral disc degeneration has also become a viable option. We used 1% HAMA hydrogel as a carrier and co-encapsulated BMSCs and Salvianolic acid B (SalB) into the hydrogel to reduce the apoptosis of the transplanted cells. The protective effect of SalB on BMSCs was first verified in vitro using the CCK8 method, flow cytometry, and Western-Blotting, and the physical properties and biocompatibility of HAMA hydrogels were verified in vitro. The rat model was then established using the pinprick method and taken at 4 and 8 W, to examine the extent of disc degeneration by histology and immunohistochemistry, respectively. It was found that SalB could effectively reduce the apoptosis of BMSCs in vitro by activating the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. 1% HAMA hydrogels had larger pore size and better water retention, and the percentage of cell survival within the hydrogels was significantly higher after the addition of SalB to the HAMA hydrogels. In the in vivo setting, the HAMA + SalB + BMSCs group had a more pronounced delaying effect on the progression of disc degeneration compared to the other treatment groups. The method used in this study to encapsulate protective drugs with stem cells in a hydrogel for injection into the lesion has potential research value in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation in Anhui Province, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Cai Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation in Anhui Province, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shichang Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yuchen Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yuekun Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation in Anhui Province, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Panpan Xu
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Changchun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation in Anhui Province, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Changchun Zhang,
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89
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Guy R, Herman S, Benyamini H, Ben-Zur T, Kobo H, Pasmanik-Chor M, Yaacobi D, Barel E, Yagil C, Yagil Y, Offen D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Proposed Therapy in a Rat Model of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911211. [PMID: 36232513 PMCID: PMC9569832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have been employed in the past decade as therapeutic agents in various diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. We currently aimed to use MSC-EVs as potential treatment for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), a complex disorder with a variety of manifestations. MSC-EVs were intranasally administrated to salt-sensitive hypertension prone SBH/y rats that were DOCA-salt loaded (SBH/y-DS), which we have previously shown is a model of CSVD. MSC-EVs accumulated within brain lesion sites of SBH/y-DS. An in vitro model of an inflammatory environment in the brain demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties of MSC-EVs. Following in vivo MSC-EV treatment, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of SBH/y-DS cortices revealed downregulation of immune system response-related gene sets. In addition, MSC-EVs downregulated gene sets related to apoptosis, wound healing and coagulation, and upregulated gene sets associated with synaptic signaling and cognition. While no specific gene was markedly altered upon treatment, the synergistic effect of all gene alternations was sufficient to increase animal survival and improve the neurological state of affected SBH/y-DS rats. Our data suggest MSC-EVs act as microenvironment modulators, through various molecular pathways. We conclude that MSC-EVs may serve as beneficial therapeutic measure for multifactorial disorders, such as CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Guy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shay Herman
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9103401, Israel
| | - Tali Ben-Zur
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hila Kobo
- Genomics Research Unit, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dafna Yaacobi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Eric Barel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Chana Yagil
- Israeli Rat Genome Center, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 78306, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Yoram Yagil
- Israeli Rat Genome Center, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 78306, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Daniel Offen
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-523-342-737
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90
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Development of a Novel Inflammatory-Associated Gene Signature and Immune Infiltration Patterns in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2481071. [PMID: 36193061 PMCID: PMC9526649 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2481071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Both inflammatory factors and immune response play important roles in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, a comprehensive analysis of interaction between inflammatory response-associated genes (IRGs) and immune microenvironment in patients with IDD remains lacking. Hence, the current research is aimed at investigating the correlations between IRG signatures and immune cells in the progression of IDD. Methods. The expression profiles (GSE27494 and GSE41883) and IRGs were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB), respectively. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis were used to identify the pivotal modules and common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with IDD. Subsequently, we retrieved differentially expressed IRGs (DE-IRGs) by intersecting IRGs and DEGs for enrichment analysis. Next, LASSO regression analyses were performed to screen optimal marker genes for IDD prediction. Additionally, we validated differences DE-IRGs between IDD patients and controls in GSE150408. Finally, the infiltration alteration of immune cells was evaluated by the CIBERSORT, and the correlation between diagnostic markers and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed. Results. A total of 10 upregulated differentially expressed inflammatory genes were identified that were obviously related to progression of IDD. Functional analysis results revealed that DE-IRGs were mainly enriched in signaling pathways TNF, IL-17, NOD-like receptor, and NF-kappa B pathway. A five-gene signature that consisted of IL-1β, LIF, LYN, NAMPT, and SLC7A2 was constructed by the LASSO Cox regression. IL1B, LYN, and NAMPT were further validated as optimal candidate genes in the pathophysiology of IDD. In addition, there was a remarkable immune cell infiltration difference between the healthy and IDD groups. The proportions for dendritic cells activated, mast cells activated, and neutrophils in the IDD group were significantly higher than those in the normal group, while the proportion of some cells was lower than that of the normal group, such as T cell CD4 memory resting, NK cells activated, and macrophage M0. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated IL-1β, LYN, and NAMPT were closely implicated with immune cell infiltration in IDD development. Conclusions. We explored an association between inflammatory response-associated signature and immune infiltration in IDD and validated that IL-1β, LYN, and NAMPT might serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IDD in the future.
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91
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Liao Z, Ke W, Liu H, Tong B, Wang K, Feng X, Hua W, Wang B, Song Y, Luo R, Liang H, Zhang W, Zhao K, Li S, Yang C. Vasorin-containing small extracellular vesicles retard intervertebral disc degeneration utilizing an injectable thermoresponsive delivery system. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:420. [PMID: 36123708 PMCID: PMC9484164 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the pathological reason of back pain and the therapeutic approaches are still unsatisfactory. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as the novel regenerative method for IDD. In this study, we intensively investigated the therapeutic mechanism of small EVs, and found that vasorin protein enriched in EVs promoted the proliferation and extracellular matrix anabolism of nucleus pulposus cells via the Notch1 signaling pathway. Then, we fabricated a thermoresponsive gel which composed of Pluronic F127 and decellularized extracellular matrix (FEC) for the delivery and sustained release of EVs. Besides, ex vivo and in vivo results showed that EVs embedded in FEC (EVs@FEC) ameliorate the disc degeneration efficiently and achieve better therapeutic effects than one-off EVs delivery. Collectively, these findings deepen the understanding of EVs mechanism in treating intervertebral disc degeneration, and also illustrate the promising capacity of sustained EVs release system for intervertebral disc regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bide Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenbin Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bingjin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rongjin Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huaizhen Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kangcheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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VEGFA-Enriched Exosomes from Tendon-Derived Stem Cells Facilitate Tenocyte Differentiation, Migration, and Transition to a Fibroblastic Phenotype. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8537959. [PMID: 36119932 PMCID: PMC9481323 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8537959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) play a vital role in repair of rotator cuff tear injuries by secreting paracrine proteins that regulate resident cell functions. Secreted exosomes may play a role in tendon injury repair by mediating intercellular communication; however, the detailed mechanisms by which TDSC-derived exosomes affect tenocyte development remain unknown. Here, we examined the effects of exosomes isolated from conditioned medium of TDSCs on tenocyte differentiation, migration, and transition to a fibroblastic phenotype in vitro. Successful isolation of exosomes from TDSCs was confirmed by high expression levels of CD81, CD63, CD9, and TSG101. Treatment with TDSC-derived exosomes promoted the growth and migration of cultured rat tenocytes, and increased the levels of the fibrosis markers collagen I, collagen III, scleraxis, tenascin C, and α-smooth muscle actin. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression was higher in TDSC-derived exosomes than in TDSCs, and genetic knockdown of VEGFA suppressed the stimulatory effect of TDSC-derived exosomes on tenocyte development. Overall, these results demonstrate that VEGFA-enriched exosomes isolated from TDSCs promote differentiation and migration of cultured tenocytes and their transition to a fibroblastic phenotype. These data provide a new potential clinical treatment strategy for tendon injury.
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93
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Li Z, Wu Y, Tan G, Xu Z, Xue H. Exosomes and exosomal miRNAs: A new therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:992476. [PMID: 36160436 PMCID: PMC9492865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.992476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain has been found as a major cause of global disease burden and disability. Intervertebral disc degeneration is recognized as the vital factor causing low back pain. Intervertebral disc degeneration has a complex mechanism and cannot be avoided. Traditional strategies for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration cannot meet the needs of intervertebral disc regeneration, so novel treatment methods are urgently required. Exosomes refer to extracellular vesicles that can be released by most cells, and play major roles in intercellular material transport and information transmission. MicroRNAs have been identified as essential components in exosomes, which can be selectively ingested by exosomes and delivered to receptor cells for the regulation of the physiological activities and functions of receptor cells. Existing studies have progressively focused on the role of exosomes and exosomal microRNAs in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. The focus on this paper is placed on the changes of microenvironment during intervertebral disc degeneration and the biogenesis and mechanism of action of exosomes and exosomal microRNAs. The research results and deficiencies of exosomes and exosomal microRNAs in the regulation of apoptosis, extracellular matrix homeostasis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis in intervertebral disc degeneration are primarily investigated. The aim of this paper is to identify the latest research results, potential applications and challenges of this emerging treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medcial Unversity, Jinan, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haipeng Xue
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Haipeng Xue,
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Luo L, Gong J, Wang Z, Liu Y, Cao J, Qin J, Zuo R, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhao P, Yang D, Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Li C, Ni B, Tian Z, Liu M. Injectable cartilage matrix hydrogel loaded with cartilage endplate stem cells engineered to release exosomes for non-invasive treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Bioact Mater 2022; 15:29-43. [PMID: 35386360 PMCID: PMC8940768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain, mainly caused by intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), is a common health problem; however, current surgical treatments are less than satisfactory. Thus, it is essential to develop novel non-invasive surgical methods for IVDD treatment. Here, we describe a therapeutic strategy to inhibit IVDD by injecting hydrogels modified with the extracellular matrix of costal cartilage (ECM-Gels) that are loaded with cartilage endplate stem cells (CESCs). After loaded with CESCs overexpressing Sphk2 (Lenti-Sphk2-CESCs) and injected near the cartilage endplate (CEP) of rats in vivo, ECM-Gels produced Sphk2-engineered exosomes (Lenti-Sphk2-Exos). These exosomes penetrated the annulus fibrosus (AF) and transported Sphk2 into the nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Sphk2 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/p-AKT pathway as well as the intracellular autophagy of NPCs, ultimately ameliorating IVDD. This study provides a novel and efficient non-invasive combinational strategy for IVDD treatment using injectable ECM-Gels loaded with CESCs that express Sphk2 with sustained release of functional exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Corresponding authors. Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaming Cao
- Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghao Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. , Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, & Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - MingHan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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95
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Wu R, Li H, Sun C, Liu J, Chen D, Yu H, Huang Z, Lin S, Chen Y, Zheng Q. Exosome-based strategy for degenerative disease in orthopedics: Recent progress and perspectives. J Orthop Translat 2022; 36:8-17. [PMID: 35891923 PMCID: PMC9283806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative diseases in orthopaedics have become a significant global public health issue with the aging of the population worldwide. The traditional medical interventions, including physical therapy, pharmacological therapy and even surgery, hardly work to modify degenerative progression. Stem cell-based therapy is widely accepted to treat degenerative orthopaedic disease effectively but possesses several limitations, such as the need for strict monitoring of production and storage and the potential risks of tumorigenicity and immune rejection in clinical translation. Furthermore, the ethical issues surrounding the acquisition of embryonic stem cells are also broadly concerned. Exosome-based therapy has rapidly grown in popularity in recent years and is regarded as an ideal alternative to stem cell-based therapy, offering a promise to achieve 'cell-free' tissue regeneration. METHODS Traditionally, the native exosomes extracted from stem cells are directly injected into the injured site to promote tissue regeneration. Recently, several modified exosome-based strategies were developed to overcome the limitations of native exosomes, which include mainly exogenous molecule loading and exosome delivery through scaffolds. In this paper, a systematic review of the exosome-based strategy for degenerative disease in orthopaedics is presented. RESULTS Treatment strategies based on the native exosomes are effective but with several disadvantages such as rapid diffusion and insufficient and fluctuating functional contents. The modified exosome-based strategies can better match the requirements of the regeneration in some complex healing processes. CONCLUSION Exosome-based strategies hold promise to manage degenerative disease in orthopaedics prior to patients reaching the advanced stage of disease in the future. The timely summary and highlights offered herein could provide a research perspective to promote the development of exosome-based therapy, facilitating the clinical translation of exosomes in orthopaedics. TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE Exosome-based therapy is superior in anti-senescence and anti-inflammatory effects and possesses lower risks of tumorigenicity and immune rejection relative to stem cell-based therapy. Exosome-based therapy is regarded as an ideal alternative to stem cell-based therapy, offering a promise to achieve 'cell-free' tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjie Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haotao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chuanwei Sun
- Department of Burn and Wound Repair Surgery and Research Department of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Rehabilitation Center, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Duanyong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zena Huang
- Department of General Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yuanfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Research Department of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Corresponding author.Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China.
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96
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DiStefano TJ, Vaso K, Panebianco CJ, Danias G, Chionuma HN, Kunnath K, Karoulias SZ, Wang M, Xu P, Davé RN, Sahoo S, Weiser JR, Iatridis JC. Hydrogel-Embedded Poly(Lactic- co-Glycolic Acid) Microspheres for the Delivery of hMSC-Derived Exosomes to Promote Bioactive Annulus Fibrosus Repair. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221113959. [PMID: 36040157 PMCID: PMC9434687 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disk degeneration is a prevalent postoperative complication after discectomy, underscoring the need to develop preventative and bioactive treatment strategies that decelerate degeneration and seal annulus fibrosus (AF) defects. Human mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) hold promise for cell-free bioactive repair; however, their ability to promote AF repair is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of MSC-Exos to promote endogenous AF repair processes and integrate MSC-Exos within a biomaterial delivery system. DESIGN We characterize biophysical and biochemical properties of normoxic (Nx) and hypoxic (Hx) preconditioned MSC-Exos from young, healthy donors and examine their effects on AF cell proliferation, migration, and gene expression. We then integrate a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microsphere (PLGA µSphere) delivery platform within an interpenetrating network hydrogel to facilitate sustained MSC-Exo delivery. RESULTS Hx MSC-Exos led to a more robust response in AF cell proliferation and migration than Nx MSC-Exos and was selected for a downstream protection experiment. Hx MSC-Exos maintained a healthy AF cell phenotype under a TNFα challenge in vitro and attenuated catabolic responses. In all functional assays, AF cell responses were more sensitive to Hx MSC-Exos than Nx MSC-Exos. PLGA µSpheres released MSC-Exos over a clinically relevant timescale without affecting hydrogel modulus or pH upon initial embedment and µSphere degradation. CONCLUSIONS This MSC-Exo treatment strategy may offer benefits of stem cell therapy without the need for exogenous stem cell transplantation by stimulating cell proliferation, promoting cell migration, and protecting cells from the degenerative proinflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. DiStefano
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of
Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keti Vaso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The
Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J. Panebianco
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of
Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Danias
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of
Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry N. Chionuma
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of
Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kuriakose Kunnath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, New
Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Stylianos Z. Karoulias
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of
Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic
Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Mount Sinai Center for Transformative
Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Icahn Institute for Data Science and
Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic
Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Mount Sinai Center for Transformative
Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Icahn Institute for Data Science and
Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh N. Davé
- Department of Chemical Engineering, New
Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Weiser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The
Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Leni
and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY, USA,James C. Iatridis, Orthopaedic Research
Laboratories, Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1188, New York, NY 10029,
USA.
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97
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Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Exosomes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3553617. [PMID: 36082080 PMCID: PMC9448575 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3553617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mammals have several organs comprising various cells with different functions. Furthermore, eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized into functionally distinct organelles. Thus, for good organismal health, exosomes, which play an important role in cell-to-cell communication, interact closely with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, which is recognized as a type of intracellular second signal, is aggravated by reactive species. As a subtype of reactive species, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be produced on the extracellular face of the plasma membrane by NADPH oxidases, via the mitochondrial electron transport chain, in peroxisomes, and in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The scavenging of ROS is mainly dependent on peroxiredoxins, including GSH peroxidases, peroxiredoxins 3 and 5, and thioredoxin reductase. Intracellular ROS increase the number of intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs) by restraining their degradation in lysosomes, thereby enhancing the release of exosomes under the synergy of the depletion of exofacial GSH, which can be regulated by oxidative stress. In contrast, higher ROS levels can decrease the yield of exosomes by activating cellular autophagy to degrade MVBs. Moreover, exosomes can transfer the characteristics of parent cells to recipient cells. Here, we review the interaction between oxidative stress and exosomes in the hope of providing insights into their interplay.
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98
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Hu Z, Wang Y, Gao X, Zhang Y, Liu C, Zhai Y, Chang X, Li H, Li Y, Lou J, Li C. Optineurin-mediated mitophagy as a potential therapeutic target for intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893307. [PMID: 36105191 PMCID: PMC9465714 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is thought to be mainly caused by intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), and there is a lack of effective treatments. Cellular senescence and matrix degradation are important factors that cause disc degeneration. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress is an important mechanism of cellular senescence and matrix degradation in the nucleus pulposus (NP), and mitophagy can effectively remove damaged mitochondria, restore mitochondrial homeostasis, and mitigate the damage caused by oxidative stress. Optineurin (OPTN) is a selective mitophagy receptor, and its role in intervertebral disc degeneration remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of OPTN on H2O2-induced nucleus pulposus cell (NPCs) senescence and matrix degradation in a rat model of disc degeneration. Western blot analysis showed that OPTN expression was reduced in degenerative human and rat nucleus pulposus tissues and increased in H2O2-induced senescent NPCs. OPTN overexpression significantly inhibited H2O2-induced senescence and increased matrix-associated protein expression in NPCs, but OPTN knockdown showed the opposite effect. As previous reports have suggested that mitophagy significantly reduces mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by oxidative stress, and we used the mitophagy agonist CCCP, the mitophagy inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA), and the mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) scavenger mitoTEMPO and confirmed that OPTN attenuated NPCs senescence and matrix degeneration caused by oxidative stress by promoting mitophagy to scavenge damaged mitochondria and excess reactive oxygen species, thereby slowing the progression of IVDD. In conclusion, our research suggests that OPTN is involved in IVDD and exerts beneficial effects against IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueyang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhui Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Changqing Li,
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99
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Zhang Y, Huo M, Wang Y, Xiao L, Wu J, Ma Y, Zhang D, Lang X, Wang X. A tailored bioactive 3D porous poly(lactic-acid)-exosome scaffold with osteo-immunomodulatory and osteogenic differentiation properties. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:22. [PMID: 35996115 PMCID: PMC9394013 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a versatile and biodegradable scaffold widely used in biomedical fields to repair tissue defects. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles, which play an important role in tissue engineering in recent years. The primary focus of this study was to develop a bioactive 3D PLA scaffold using exosome-based strategy to improve its osteogenic and immunoregulatory potential. We firstly successfully isolated MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo). Morphological analysis revealed that MSC-Exo exhibits a typical cup-shaped morphology with high expression of exosomal marker CD63. MSC-Exo internalization into recipient cells were also investigated using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Porous 3D PLA scaffold coated MSC-Exo were used for immunoregulatory and osteogenic testing. Exosomes released from 3D PLA scaffold were validated in RAW264.7 and hBMSCs. The cell proliferation and live/dead assay indicated high biocompatibility for PLA-Exo scaffold. Additionally, PLA-Exo scaffold could reduce the pro-inflammatory marker expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, indicating potential immunoregulatory potential. It is also confirmed that PLA-Exo scaffold could potentiate osteogenic differentiation in the osteogenesis assay. In conclusion, our results demonstrate this bioactive 3D-printed PLA scaffolds with MSC-Exo modification holds immunoregulatory potential and favor osteogenic differentiation, thus having potential applications in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengjie Huo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.,Australia China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Jianmei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuemei Lang
- Department of Pre-hospital Emergency, Central Hospital of Chongqing University / Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China. .,School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia. .,Australia China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
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100
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Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived small extracellular vesicles for COVID-19 treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:410. [PMID: 35962458 PMCID: PMC9372991 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed huge burdens to the whole world, seriously affecting global economic growth, and threatening people’s lives and health. At present, some therapeutic regimens are available for treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, including antiviral therapy, immunity therapy, anticoagulant therapy, and others. Among them, injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is currently a promising therapy. The preclinical studies and clinical trials using MSCs and small extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs (MSC-sEVs) in treating COVID-19 were summarized. Then, the molecular mechanism, feasibility, and safety of treating COVID-19 with MSCs and MSC-sEVs were also discussed.
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