51
|
|
52
|
Marin-Menguiano M, Romero-Sanchez S, Barrales RR, Ibeas JI. Population analysis of biofilm yeasts during fino sherry wine aging in the Montilla-Moriles D.O. region. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 244:67-73. [PMID: 28068590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fino is the most popular sherry wine produced in southern Spain. Fino is matured by biological aging under a yeast biofilm constituted of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. Although different S. cerevisiae strains can be identified in such biofilms, their diversity and contribution to wine character have been poorly studied. In this work, we analyse the flor yeast population in five different wineries from the Montilla-Moriles D.O. (Denominación de Origen) in southern Spain. Yeasts present in wines of different ages were identified using two different culture-dependent molecular techniques. From 2000 individual yeast isolates, five different strains were identified with one of them dominating in four out of the five wineries analysed, and representing 76% of all the yeast isolates collected. Surprisingly, this strain is similar to the predominant strain isolated twenty years ago in Jerez D.O. wines, suggesting that this yeast is particularly able to adapt to such a stressful environment. Fino wine produced with pure cultures of three of the isolated strains resulted in different levels of acetaldehyde. Because acetaldehyde levels are a distinctive characteristic of fino wines and an indicator of fino aging, the use of molecular techniques for yeast identification and management of yeast populations may be of interest for fino wine producers looking to control one of the main features of this wine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marin-Menguiano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, de Sevilla-CSIC-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sandra Romero-Sanchez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, de Sevilla-CSIC-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramón R Barrales
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, de Sevilla-CSIC-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose I Ibeas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, de Sevilla-CSIC-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Matallana E, Aranda A. Biotechnological impact of stress response on wine yeast. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 64:103-110. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Matallana
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC); Paterna Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Valencia; Paterna Spain
| | - A. Aranda
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC); Paterna Spain
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Nakagawa Y, Arai Y, Toda Y, Yamamura H, Okuda T, Hayakawa M, Iimura Y. Glucose repression of FLO11 gene expression regulates pellicle formation by a wild pellicle-forming yeast strain isolated from contaminated wine. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1246203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Youji Nakagawa
- Division of Life and Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Yukari Arai
- Division of Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Toda
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamura
- Division of Life and Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Tohru Okuda
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hayakawa
- Division of Life and Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Iimura
- Division of Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Molecular Basis for Strain Variation in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Adhesin Flo11p. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00129-16. [PMID: 27547826 PMCID: PMC4989245 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00129-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a nonmotile organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae employs the cell surface flocculin Flo11/Muc1 as an important means of adapting to environmental change. However, there is a great deal of strain variation in the expression of Flo11-dependent phenotypes, including flocculation. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of this strain-specific phenotypic variability. Our data indicate that strain-specific differences in the level of flocculation result from significant sequence differences in the FLO11 alleles and do not depend on quantitative differences in FLO11 expression or on surface hydrophobicity. We further have shown that beads coated with amino-terminal domain peptide bind preferentially to homologous cells. These data show that variability in the structure of the Flo11 adhesion domain may thus be an important determinant of membership in microbial communities and hence may drive selection and evolution. FLO11 encodes a yeast cell wall flocculin that mediates a variety of adhesive phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Flo11p is implicated in many developmental processes, including flocculation, formation of pseudohyphae, agar invasion, and formation of microbial mats and biofilms. However, Flo11p mediates different processes in different yeast strains. To investigate the mechanisms by which FLO11 determines these differences in colony morphology, flocculation, and invasion, we studied gene structure, function, and expression levels. Nonflocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae Σ1278b cells exhibited significantly higher FLO11 mRNA expression, especially in the stationary phase, than highly flocculent S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus. The two strains varied in cell surface hydrophobicity, and Flo11p contributed significantly to surface hydrophobicity in S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus but not in strain Σ1278b. Sequencing of the FLO11 gene in S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus revealed strain-specific differences, including a 15-amino-acid insertion in the adhesion domain. Flo11p adhesion domains from strain Σ1278b and S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus were expressed and used to coat magnetic beads. The adhesion domain from each strain bound preferentially to homologous cells, and the preferences were independent of the cells in which the adhesion domains were produced. These results are consistent with the idea that strain-specific variations in the amino acid sequences in the adhesion domains cause different Flo11p flocculation activities. The results also imply that strain-specific differences in expression levels, posttranslational modifications, and allelic differences outside the adhesion domains have little effect on flocculation. IMPORTANCE As a nonmotile organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae employs the cell surface flocculin Flo11/Muc1 as an important means of adapting to environmental change. However, there is a great deal of strain variation in the expression of Flo11-dependent phenotypes, including flocculation. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of this strain-specific phenotypic variability. Our data indicate that strain-specific differences in the level of flocculation result from significant sequence differences in the FLO11 alleles and do not depend on quantitative differences in FLO11 expression or on surface hydrophobicity. We further have shown that beads coated with amino-terminal domain peptide bind preferentially to homologous cells. These data show that variability in the structure of the Flo11 adhesion domain may thus be an important determinant of membership in microbial communities and hence may drive selection and evolution.
Collapse
|
56
|
García M, Greetham D, Wimalasena T, Phister T, Cabellos J, Arroyo T. The phenotypic characterization of yeast strains to stresses inherent to wine fermentation in warm climates. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:215-33. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. García
- Departamento de Calidad Agroalimentaria; IMIDRA; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - D. Greetham
- Bioenergy & Brewing Science; School of Biosciences; University of Nottingham; Loughborough UK
| | - T.T. Wimalasena
- Bioenergy & Brewing Science; School of Biosciences; University of Nottingham; Loughborough UK
| | | | - J.M. Cabellos
- Departamento de Calidad Agroalimentaria; IMIDRA; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - T. Arroyo
- Departamento de Calidad Agroalimentaria; IMIDRA; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Moreno-García J, Mauricio JC, Moreno J, García-Martínez T. Stress responsive proteins of a flor yeast strain during the early stages of biofilm formation. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
58
|
Legras JL, Moreno-Garcia J, Zara S, Zara G, Garcia-Martinez T, Mauricio JC, Mannazzu I, Coi AL, Bou Zeidan M, Dequin S, Moreno J, Budroni M. Flor Yeast: New Perspectives Beyond Wine Aging. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:503. [PMID: 27148192 PMCID: PMC4830823 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important dogma in white-wine production is the preservation of the wine aroma and the limitation of the oxidative action of oxygen. In contrast, the aging of Sherry and Sherry-like wines is an aerobic process that depends on the oxidative activity of flor strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under depletion of nitrogen and fermentable carbon sources, these yeast produce aggregates of floating cells and form an air–liquid biofilm on the wine surface, which is also known as velum or flor. This behavior is due to genetic and metabolic peculiarities that differentiate flor yeast from other wine yeast. This review will focus first on the most updated data obtained through the analysis of flor yeast with -omic tools. Comparative genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of flor and wine yeast strains are shedding new light on several features of these special yeast, and in particular, they have revealed the extent of proteome remodeling imposed by the biofilm life-style. Finally, new insights in terms of promotion and inhibition of biofilm formation through small molecules, amino acids, and di/tri-peptides, and novel possibilities for the exploitation of biofilm immobilization within a fungal hyphae framework, will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Legras
- SPO, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - SupAgro, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Jaime Moreno-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba Cordoba, Spain
| | - Severino Zara
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zara
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari Sassari, Italy
| | - Teresa Garcia-Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan C Mauricio
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ilaria Mannazzu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna L Coi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari Sassari, Italy
| | - Marc Bou Zeidan
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Sylvie Dequin
- SPO, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - SupAgro, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Juan Moreno
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba Cordoba, Spain
| | - Marilena Budroni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Gil-Bona A, Reales-Calderon JA, Parra-Giraldo CM, Martinez-Lopez R, Monteoliva L, Gil C. The Cell Wall Protein Ecm33 of Candida albicans is Involved in Chronological Life Span, Morphogenesis, Cell Wall Regeneration, Stress Tolerance, and Host-Cell Interaction. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:64. [PMID: 26870022 PMCID: PMC4735633 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecm33 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein in the human pathogen Candida albicans. This protein is known to be involved in fungal cell wall integrity (CWI) and is also critical for normal virulence in the mouse model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis, but its function remains unknown. In this work, several phenotypic analyses of the C. albicans ecm33/ecm33 mutant (RML2U) were performed. We observed that RML2U displays the inability of protoplast to regenerate the cell wall, activation of the CWI pathway, hypersensitivity to temperature, osmotic and oxidative stresses and a shortened chronological lifespan. During the exponential and stationary culture phases, nuclear and actin staining revealed the possible arrest of the cell cycle in RML2U cells. Interestingly, a “veil growth,” never previously described in C. albicans, was serendipitously observed under static stationary cells. The cells that formed this structure were also observed in cornmeal liquid cultures. These cells are giant, round cells, without DNA, and contain large vacuoles, similar to autophagic cells observed in other fungi. Furthermore, RML2U was phagocytozed more than the wild-type strain by macrophages at earlier time points, but the damage caused to the mouse cells was less than with the wild-type strain. Additionally, the percentage of RML2U apoptotic cells after interaction with macrophages was fewer than in the wild-type strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gil-Bona
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Reales-Calderon
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia M Parra-Giraldo
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martinez-Lopez
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Monteoliva
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)Madrid, Spain
| | - Concha Gil
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Sarto-Jackson I, Tomaska L. How to bake a brain: yeast as a model neuron. Curr Genet 2016; 62:347-70. [PMID: 26782173 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than 30 years ago Dan Koshland published an inspirational essay presenting the bacterium as a model neuron (Koshland, Trends Neurosci 6:133-137, 1983). In the article he argued that there are several similarities between neurons and bacterial cells in "how signals are processed within a cell or how this processing machinery can be modified to produce plasticity". He then explored the bacterial chemosensory system to emphasize its attributes that are analogous to information processing in neurons. In this review, we wish to expand Koshland's original idea by adding the yeast cell to the list of useful models of a neuron. The fact that yeasts and neurons are specialized versions of the eukaryotic cell sharing all principal components sets the stage for a grand evolutionary tinkering where these components are employed in qualitatively different tasks, but following analogous molecular logic. By way of example, we argue that evolutionarily conserved key components involved in polarization processes (from budding or mating in Saccharomyces cervisiae to neurite outgrowth or spinogenesis in neurons) are shared between yeast and neurons. This orthologous conservation of modules makes S. cervisiae an excellent model organism to investigate neurobiological questions. We substantiate this claim by providing examples of yeast models used for studying neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Sarto-Jackson
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Martinstraße 12, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Lubomir Tomaska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina B-1, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Gong J, Dong H, Jiang SJ, Wang DK, Fang K, Yang DS, Zou X, Xu LJ, Wang KF, Lu FE. Fenugreek lactone attenuates palmitate-induced apoptosis and dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:13457-13465. [PMID: 26730156 PMCID: PMC4690174 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i48.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of fenugreek lactone (FL) on palmitate (PA)-induced apoptosis and dysfunction in insulin secretion in pancreatic NIT-1 β-cells. METHODS Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of FL and PA (0.25 mmol/L) for 48 h. Then, lipid droplets in NIT-1 cells were observed by oil red O staining, and the intracellular triglyceride content was measured by colorimetric assay. The insulin content in the supernatant was determined using an insulin radio-immunoassay. Oxidative stress-associated parameters, including total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity and malondialdehyde levels in the suspensions were also examined. The expression of upstream regulators of oxidative stress, such as protein kinase C-α (PKC-α), phospho-PKC-α and P47phox, were determined by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR. In addition, apoptosis was evaluated in NIT-1 cells by flow cytometry assays and caspase-3 viability assays. RESULTS Our results indicated that compared to the control group, PA induced an increase in lipid accumulation and apoptosis and a decrease in insulin secretion in NIT-1 cells. Oxidative stress in NIT-1 cells was activated after 48 h of exposure to PA. However, FL reversed the above changes. These effects were accompanied by the inhibition of PKC-α, phospho-PKC-α and P47phox expression and the activation of caspase-3. CONCLUSION FL attenuates PA-induced apoptosis and insulin secretion dysfunction in NIT-1 pancreatic β-cells. The mechanism for this action may be associated with improvements in levels of oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
62
|
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and related species, the main workhorses of wine fermentation, have been exposed to stressful conditions for millennia, potentially resulting in adaptive differentiation. As a result, wine yeasts have recently attracted considerable interest for studying the evolutionary effects of domestication. The widespread use of whole-genome sequencing during the last decade has provided new insights into the biodiversity, population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary history of wine yeasts. Comparisons between S. cerevisiae isolates from various origins have indicated that a variety of mechanisms, including heterozygosity, nucleotide and structural variations, introgressions, horizontal gene transfer and hybridization, contribute to the genetic and phenotypic diversity of S. cerevisiae. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the diversity and evolutionary history of wine yeasts, focusing on the domestication fingerprints identified in these strains. This review summarizes current knowledge and recent advances on the diversity and evolutionary history of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts, focusing on the domestication fingerprints identified in these strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souhir Marsit
- INRA, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Dequin
- INRA, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Moreno-García J, García-Martínez T, Millán MC, Mauricio JC, Moreno J. Proteins involved in wine aroma compounds metabolism by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae flor-velum yeast strain grown in two conditions. Food Microbiol 2015; 51:1-9. [PMID: 26187821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A proteomic and exometabolomic study was conducted on Saccharomyces cerevisiae flor yeast strain growing under biofilm formation condition (BFC) with ethanol and glycerol as carbon sources and results were compared with those obtained under no biofilm formation condition (NBFC) containing glucose as carbon source. By using modern techniques, OFFGEL fractionator and LTQ-Orbitrap for proteome and SBSE-TD-GC-MS for metabolite analysis, we quantified 84 proteins including 33 directly involved in the metabolism of glycerol, ethanol and 17 aroma compounds. Contents in acetaldehyde, acetic acid, decanoic acid, 1,1-diethoxyethane, benzaldehyde and 2-phenethyl acetate, changed above their odor thresholds under BFC, and those of decanoic acid, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate and isoamyl acetate under NBFC. Of the twenty proteins involved in the metabolism of ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetoin, 2,3-butanediol, 1,1-diethoxyethane, benzaldehyde, organic acids and ethyl esters, only Adh2p, Ald4p, Cys4p, Fas3p, Met2p and Plb1p were detected under BFC and as many Acs2p, Ald3p, Cem1p, Ilv2p, Ilv6p and Pox1p, only under NBFC. Of the eight proteins involved in glycerol metabolism, Gut2p was detected only under BFC while Pgs1p and Rhr2p were under NBFC. Finally, of the five proteins involved in the metabolism of higher alcohols, Thi3p was present under BFC, and Aro8p and Bat2p were under NBFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Moreno-García
- Department of Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A mm 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Teresa García-Martínez
- Department of Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A mm 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Carmen Millán
- Department of Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A mm 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Mauricio
- Department of Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A mm 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Moreno
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Marie Curie (C3) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Córdoba, Ctra. N-IV-A, km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Bou Zeidan M, Zara G, Viti C, Decorosi F, Mannazzu I, Budroni M, Giovannetti L, Zara S. L-histidine inhibits biofilm formation and FLO11-associated phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae flor yeasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112141. [PMID: 25369456 PMCID: PMC4219837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flor yeasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have an innate diversity of Flo11p which codes for a highly hydrophobic and anionic cell-wall glycoprotein with a fundamental role in biofilm formation. In this study, 380 nitrogen compounds were administered to three S. cerevisiae flor strains handling Flo11p alleles with different expression levels. S. cerevisiae strain S288c was used as the reference strain as it cannot produce Flo11p. The flor strains generally metabolized amino acids and dipeptides as the sole nitrogen source, although with some exceptions regarding L-histidine and histidine containing dipeptides. L-histidine completely inhibited growth and its effect on viability was inversely related to Flo11p expression. Accordingly, L-histidine did not affect the viability of the Δflo11 and S288c strains. Also, L-histidine dramatically decreased air-liquid biofilm formation and adhesion to polystyrene of the flor yeasts with no effect on the transcription level of the Flo11p gene. Moreover, L-histidine modified the chitin and glycans content on the cell-wall of flor yeasts. These findings reveal a novel biological activity of L-histidine in controlling the multicellular behavior of yeasts [corrected].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bou Zeidan
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zara
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Viti
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Decorosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mannazzu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Luciana Giovannetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Severino Zara
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Population structure and comparative genome hybridization of European flor yeast reveal a unique group of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with few gene duplications in their genome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108089. [PMID: 25272156 PMCID: PMC4182726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine biological aging is a wine making process used to produce specific beverages in several countries in Europe, including Spain, Italy, France, and Hungary. This process involves the formation of a velum at the surface of the wine. Here, we present the first large scale comparison of all European flor strains involved in this process. We inferred the population structure of these European flor strains from their microsatellite genotype diversity and analyzed their ploidy. We show that almost all of these flor strains belong to the same cluster and are diploid, except for a few Spanish strains. Comparison of the array hybridization profile of six flor strains originating from these four countries, with that of three wine strains did not reveal any large segmental amplification. Nonetheless, some genes, including YKL221W/MCH2 and YKL222C, were amplified in the genome of four out of six flor strains. Finally, we correlated ICR1 ncRNA and FLO11 polymorphisms with flor yeast population structure, and associate the presence of wild type ICR1 and a long Flo11p with thin velum formation in a cluster of Jura strains. These results provide new insight into the diversity of flor yeast and show that combinations of different adaptive changes can lead to an increase of hydrophobicity and affect velum formation.
Collapse
|
66
|
Moreno-García J, García-Martínez T, Moreno J, Mauricio JC. Proteins involved in flor yeast carbon metabolism under biofilm formation conditions. Food Microbiol 2014; 46:25-33. [PMID: 25475262 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A lack of sugars during the production of biologically aged wines after fermentation of grape must causes flor yeasts to metabolize other carbon molecules formed during fermentation (ethanol and glycerol, mainly). In this work, a proteome analysis involving OFFGEL fractionation prior to LC/MS detection was used to elucidate the carbon metabolism of a flor yeast strain under biofilm formation conditions (BFC). The results were compared with those obtained under non-biofilm formation conditions (NBFC). Proteins associated to processes such as non-fermentable carbon uptake, the glyoxylate and TCA cycles, cellular respiration and inositol metabolism were detected at higher concentrations under BFC than under the reference conditions (NBFC). This study constitutes the first attempt at identifying the flor yeast proteins responsible for the peculiar sensory profile of biologically aged wines. A better metabolic knowledge of flor yeasts might facilitate the development of effective strategies for improved production of these special wines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Moreno-García
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba, Severo Ochoa Building, Ctra. N-IV-A km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Teresa García-Martínez
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba, Severo Ochoa Building, Ctra. N-IV-A km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Moreno
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba, Marie Curie Building, Ctra. N-IV-A km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Mauricio
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba, Severo Ochoa Building, Ctra. N-IV-A km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|