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Massimino M, Miceli R, Giangaspero F, Boschetti L, Modena P, Antonelli M, Ferroli P, Bertin D, Pecori E, Valentini L, Biassoni V, Garrè ML, Schiavello E, Sardi I, Cama A, Viscardi E, Scarzello G, Scoccianti S, Mascarin M, Quaglietta L, Cinalli G, Diletto B, Genitori L, Peretta P, Mussano A, Buccoliero A, Calareso G, Barra S, Mastronuzzi A, Giussani C, Marras CE, Balter R, Bertolini P, Giombelli E, La Spina M, Buttarelli FR, Pollo B, Gandola L. Final results of the second prospective AIEOP protocol for pediatric intracranial ependymoma. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1451-60. [PMID: 27194148 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective study stratified patients by surgical resection (complete = NED vs incomplete = ED) and centrally reviewed histology (World Health Organization [WHO] grade II vs III). METHODS WHO grade II/NED patients received focal radiotherapy (RT) up to 59.4 Gy with 1.8 Gy/day. Grade III/NED received 4 courses of VEC (vincristine, etoposide, cyclophosphamide) after RT. ED patients received 1-4 VEC courses, second-look surgery, and 59.4 Gy followed by an 8-Gy boost in 2 fractions on still measurable residue. NED children aged 1-3 years with grade II tumors could receive 6 VEC courses alone. RESULTS From January 2002 to December 2014, one hundred sixty consecutive children entered the protocol (median age, 4.9 y; males, 100). Follow-up was a median of 67 months. An infratentorial origin was identified in 110 cases. After surgery, 110 patients were NED, and 84 had grade III disease. Multiple resections were performed in 46/160 children (28.8%). A boost was given to 24/40 ED patients achieving progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of 58.1% and 68.7%, respectively, in this poor prognosis subgroup. For the whole series, 5-year PFS and OS rates were 65.4% and 81.1%, with no toxic deaths. On multivariable analysis, NED status and grade II were favorable for OS, and for PFS grade II remained favorable. CONCLUSIONS In a multicenter collaboration, this trial accrued the highest number of patients published so far, and results are comparable to the best single-institution series. The RT boost, when feasible, seemed effective in improving prognosis. Even after multiple procedures, complete resection confirmed its prognostic strength, along with tumor grade. Biological parameters emerging in this series will be the object of future correlatives and reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Massimino
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Rosalba Miceli
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Luna Boschetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Piergiorgio Modena
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Paolo Ferroli
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Daniele Bertin
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Emilia Pecori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Laura Valentini
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Veronica Biassoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Maria Luisa Garrè
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Elisabetta Schiavello
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Iacopo Sardi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Armando Cama
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Elisabetta Viscardi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Giovanni Scarzello
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Silvia Scoccianti
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Maurizio Mascarin
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Lucia Quaglietta
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Barbara Diletto
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Lorenzo Genitori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Paola Peretta
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Anna Mussano
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Annamaria Buccoliero
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Giuseppina Calareso
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Salvina Barra
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Carlo Giussani
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Carlo Efisio Marras
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Rita Balter
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Patrizia Bertolini
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Ermanno Giombelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Milena La Spina
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Francesca R Buttarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
| | - Lorenza Gandola
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
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