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Huhn S, da Silva Filho MI, Sanmuganantham T, Pichulik T, Catalano C, Pardini B, Naccarati A, Polakova-Vymetálkova V, Jiraskova K, Vodickova L, Vodicka P, Löffler MW, Courth L, Wehkamp J, Din FVN, Timofeeva M, Farrington SM, Jansen L, Hemminki K, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Dunlop MG, Weber ANR, Försti A. Coding variants in NOD-like receptors: An association study on risk and survival of colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199350. [PMID: 29928061 PMCID: PMC6013205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are important innate pattern recognition receptors and regulators of inflammation or play a role during development. We systematically analysed 41 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 21 NLR genes in a Czech discovery cohort of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) (1237 cases, 787 controls) for their association with CRC risk and survival. Five SNPs were found to be associated with CRC risk and eight with survival at 5% significance level. In a replication analysis using data of two large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) from Germany (DACHS: 1798 cases and 1810 controls) and Scotland (2210 cases and 9350 controls) the associations found in the Czech discovery set were not confirmed. However, expression analysis in human gut-related tissues and immune cells revealed that the NLRs associated with CRC risk or survival in the discovery set were expressed in primary human colon or rectum cells, CRC tissue and/or cell lines, providing preliminary evidence for a potential involvement of NLRs in general in CRC development and/or progression. Most interesting was the finding that the enigmatic development-related NLRP5 (also known as MATER) was not expressed in normal colon tissue but in colon cancer tissue and cell lines. Future studies may show whether regulatory variants instead of coding variants might affect the expression of NLRs and contribute to CRC risk and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Huhn
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Multiple Myeloma, Internal Medicine V: Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miguel I. da Silva Filho
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tharmila Sanmuganantham
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tica Pichulik
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Calogerina Catalano
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Polakova-Vymetálkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Jiraskova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine Pilsen, Charles University Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine Pilsen, Charles University Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Markus W. Löffler
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lioba Courth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Farhat V. N. Din
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M. Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Jansen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, SE, Sweden
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malcolm G. Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N. R. Weber
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, SE, Sweden
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52
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Huang YH, Lo MH, Cai XY, Kuo HC. Epigenetic hypomethylation and upregulation of NLRC4 and NLRP12 in Kawasaki disease. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18939-18948. [PMID: 29721174 PMCID: PMC5922368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kawasaki disease (KD) is a type of childhood febrile systemic vasculitis. Inflammasomes control inflammatory signaling and are related with the development of KD. In this study, we performed a survey of transcripts and global DNA methylation levels of inflammasome sensors of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and the downstream interleukin 1β (IL-1β). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, for the chip studies, we recruited a total of 18 KD patients, who we analyzed before receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and at least 3 weeks after IVIG treatment, as well as 36 non-fever controls by Illumina HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip and Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array 2.0. A separate group of 78 subjects was performed for real-time quantitative PCR validations. RESULTS The expressions of mRNA levels of NLRC4, NLRP12, and IL-1β were significantly upregulated in KD patients compared to the controls (p<0.05). Once KD patients underwent IVIG treatment, these genes considerably decreased. In particular, the methylation status of the CpG sites of these genes indicated a significant opposite tendency between the KD patients and the controls. Furthermore, mRNA levels of IL-1β represented a positive correlation with NLRC4 (p=0.002). We also observed that the mRNA levels of NLRP12 were lower in KD patients who developed coronary arterial lesions (p<0.005). CONCLUSION This study is among the first to report epigenetic hypomethylation, increased transcripts, and the upregulation of NLRC4, NLRP12 and IL-1β in KD patients. Moreover, a decreased upregulation of NLRP12 was related to coronary arterial lesion formation in KD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzih-City, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hung Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Yuan Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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53
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NLRs as Helpline in the Brain: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8154-8178. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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54
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Ramachandran RA, Lupfer C, Zaki H. The Inflammasome: Regulation of Nitric Oxide and Antimicrobial Host Defence. Adv Microb Physiol 2018; 72:65-115. [PMID: 29778217 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signalling molecule that plays diverse physiological functions including antimicrobial host defence. During microbial infection, NO is synthesized by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which is expressed by host immune cells through the recognition of microbial pattern molecules. Therefore, sensing pathogens or their pattern molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are located at the cell surface, endosomal and phagosomal compartment, or in the cytosol, is key in inducing iNOS and eliciting antimicrobial host defence. A group of cytosolic PRRs is involved in inducing NO and other antimicrobial molecules by forming a molecular complex called the inflammasome. Assembled inflammasomes activate inflammatory caspases, such as caspase-1 and caspase-11, which in turn process proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 into their mature forms and induce pyroptotic cell death. IL-1β and IL-18 play a central role in immunity against microbial infection through activation and recruitment of immune cells, induction of inflammatory molecules, and regulation of antimicrobial mediators including NO. Interestingly, NO can also regulate inflammasome activity in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Here, we discuss molecular mechanisms of inflammasome formation and the inflammasome-mediated regulation of host defence responses during microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hasan Zaki
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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55
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Gharagozloo M, Gris KV, Mahvelati T, Amrani A, Lukens JR, Gris D. NLR-Dependent Regulation of Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 8:2012. [PMID: 29403486 PMCID: PMC5778124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with inappropriate activation of lymphocytes, hyperinflammatory responses, demyelination, and neuronal damage. In the past decade, a number of biological immunomodulators have been developed that suppress the peripheral immune responses and slow down the progression of the disease. However, once the inflammation of the CNS has commenced, it can cause serious permanent neuronal damage. Therefore, there is a need for developing novel therapeutic approaches that control and regulate inflammatory responses within the CNS. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular regulators of inflammation expressed by many cell types within the CNS. They redirect multiple signaling pathways initiated by pathogens and molecules released by injured tissues. NLR family members include positive regulators of inflammation, such as NLRP3 and NLRC4 and anti-inflammatory NLRs, such as NLRX1 and NLRP12. They exert immunomodulatory effect at the level of peripheral immune responses, including antigen recognition and lymphocyte activation and differentiation. Also, NLRs regulate tissue inflammatory responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that are placed at the crossroad of innate and adaptive immune responses, such as NLR-dependent pathways, could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide a summary of the role of NLRs in the pathogenesis of MS. We also summarize how anti-inflammatory NLRs regulate the immune response within the CNS. Finally, we speculate the therapeutic potential of targeting NLRs in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Gharagozloo
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Katsiaryna V. Gris
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Tara Mahvelati
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Abdelaziz Amrani
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - John R. Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Denis Gris
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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56
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Wang Q, Liu F, Zhang M, Zhou P, Xu C, Li Y, Bian L, Liu Y, Yao Y, Wang F, Fang Y, Li D. NLRP12 Promotes Mouse Neutrophil Differentiation through Regulation of Non-canonical NF-κB and MAPK ERK1/2 Signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:147-155. [PMID: 29483833 PMCID: PMC5821036 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most important component of the innate immune system. Mechanistic understanding of the mechanism underlying neutrophil differentiation remains elusive. Using genome-wide RNA-seq, we identified genes whose expression is dramatically up-regulated during neutrophil differentiation. Among them is nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat and pyrindomain-containing receptor 12 (NLRP12), which plays a role in immune inflammatory responses. Genetic ablation of NLRP12 suppresses NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) stabilization, RelB nuclear translocation and neutrophil differentiation in vitro. At a mechanistic level, NLRP12 inhibits the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), relieves ERK1/2 suppression of NIK protein levels. Thus, NLRP12 enhances noncanonical NF-κB signaling through inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling, thereby promoting neutrophil differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Furao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meichao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ci Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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57
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Hornick EE, Banoth B, Miller AM, Zacharias ZR, Jain N, Wilson ME, Gibson-Corley KN, Legge KL, Bishop GA, Sutterwala FS, Cassel SL. Nlrp12 Mediates Adverse Neutrophil Recruitment during Influenza Virus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:1188-1197. [PMID: 29282312 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exaggerated inflammatory responses during influenza A virus (IAV) infection are typically associated with severe disease. Neutrophils are among the immune cells that can drive this excessive and detrimental inflammation. In moderation, however, neutrophils are necessary for optimal viral control. In this study, we explore the role of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptor family member Nlrp12 in modulating neutrophilic responses during lethal IAV infection. Nlrp12-/- mice are protected from lethality during IAV infection and show decreased vascular permeability, fewer pulmonary neutrophils, and a reduction in levels of neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1 in their lungs compared with wild-type mice. Nlrp12-/- neutrophils and dendritic cells within the IAV-infected lungs produce less CXCL1 than their wild-type counterparts. Decreased CXCL1 production by Nlrp12-/- dendritic cells was not due to a difference in CXCL1 protein stability, but instead to a decrease in Cxcl1 mRNA stability. Together, these data demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for Nlrp12 in exacerbating the pathogenesis of IAV infection through the regulation of CXCL1-mediated neutrophilic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Hornick
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Balaji Banoth
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Ann M Miller
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Zeb R Zacharias
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Nidhi Jain
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Mary E Wilson
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246; and
| | | | - Kevin L Legge
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246; and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Suzanne L Cassel
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; .,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
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58
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Wang P, Han W, Ma D. Virtual Sorting Has a Distinctive Advantage in Identification of Anticorrelated Genes and Further Negative Regulators of Immune Cell Subpopulations. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:4155-4164. [PMID: 29093063 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are highly plastic in both gene expression and cell phenotype. We have established a method of gene expressional plasticity and virtual sorting to evaluate immune cell subpopulations and their characteristic genes in human CD4+ T cells. In this study, we continued to investigate the informatics mechanism on the effectiveness of virtual sorting. We found that virtual sorting had an overall positive correlation to the Pearson correlation in the identification of positively correlated genes. However, owing to nonlinear biological anticorrelation, virtual sorting showed a distinctive advantage for anticorrelated genes, suggesting an important role in the identification of negative regulators. In addition, based on virtual sorting results, we identified two basic gene sets among highly plastic genes, i.e., highly plastic cell cycle-associated molecules and highly plastic immune and defense response-associated molecules. Genes within each set tended to be positively connected, but genes between two sets were often anticorrelated. Further analysis revealed preferential transcription factor binding motifs existed between highly plastic cell cycle-associated molecules and highly plastic immune and defense response-associated molecules. Our results strongly suggested predetermined regulation, which was called an immune cell internal phenotype, should exist and could be mined by virtual sorting analysis. This provided efficient functional clues to study immune cell phenotypes and their regulation. Moreover, the current substantial virtual sorting results in both CD4+ T cells and B cells provide a useful resource for big-data-driven experimental studies and knowledge discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; .,Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing 100191, China; and .,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenling Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing 100191, China; and.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dalong Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing 100191, China; and.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100191, China
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59
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Seki SM, Gaultier A. Exploring Non-Metabolic Functions of Glycolytic Enzymes in Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1549. [PMID: 29213268 PMCID: PMC5702622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
At the beginning of the twentieth century, discoveries in cancer research began to elucidate the idiosyncratic metabolic proclivities of tumor cells (1). Investigators postulated that revealing the distinct nutritional requirements of cells with unchecked growth potential would reveal targetable metabolic vulnerabilities by which their survival could be selectively curtailed. Soon thereafter, researchers in the field of immunology began drawing parallels between the metabolic characteristics of highly proliferative cancer cells and those of immune cells that respond to perceived threats to host physiology by invading tissues, clonally expanding, and generating vast amounts of pro-inflammatory effector molecules to provide the host with protection. Throughout the past decade, increasing effort has gone into elucidating the biosynthetic and bioenergetic requirements of immune cells during inflammatory responses. It is now well established that, like tumor cells, immune cells must undergo metabolic adaptations to fulfill their effector functions (2, 3). Unraveling the metabolic adaptations that license inflammatory immune responses may lead to the development of novel classes of therapeutics for pathologies with prominent inflammatory components (e.g., autoimmunity). However, the translational potential of discoveries made toward this end is currently limited by the ubiquitous nature of the "pathologic" process being targeted: metabolism. Recent works have started to unravel unexpected non-metabolic functions for metabolic enzymes in the context of inflammation, including signaling and gene regulation. One way information gained through the study of immunometabolism may be leveraged for therapeutic benefit is by exploiting these non-canonical features of metabolic machinery, modulating their contribution to the immune response without impacting their basal metabolic functions. The focus of this review is to discuss the metabolically independent functions of glycolytic enzymes and how these could impact T cells, agents of the immune system that are commonly considered as orchestrators of auto-inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Seki
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alban Gaultier
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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60
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Qin Y, Su Z, Wu Y, Wu C, Jin S, Xie W, Jiang W, Zhou R, Cui J. NLRP11 disrupts MAVS signalosome to inhibit type I interferon signaling and virus-induced apoptosis. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:2160-2171. [PMID: 29097393 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MAVS signalosome plays an important role in RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)-induced antiviral signaling. Upon the recognition of viral RNAs, RLRs activate MAVS, which further recruits TRAF6 and other signaling proteins to initiate type I interferon (IFN) activation. MAVS signalosome also regulates virus-induced apoptosis to limit viral replication. However, the mechanisms that control the activity of MAVS signalosome are still poorly defined. Here, we report NLRP11, a Nod-like receptor, is induced by type I IFN and translocates to mitochondria to interact with MAVS upon viral infection. Using MAVS as a platform, NLRP11 degrades TRAF6 to attenuate the production of type I IFNs as well as virus-induced apoptosis. Our findings reveal the regulatory role of NLRP11 in antiviral immunity by disrupting MAVS signalosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zexiong Su
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Theus MH, Brickler T, Meza AL, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Hazy A, Gris D, Allen IC. Loss of NLRX1 Exacerbates Neural Tissue Damage and NF-κB Signaling following Brain Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3547-3558. [PMID: 28993512 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic and nontraumatic brain injury results from severe disruptions in the cellular microenvironment leading to massive loss of neuronal populations and increased neuroinflammation. The progressive cascade of secondary events, including ischemia, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and free-radical release, contribute to neural tissue damage. NLRX1 is a member of the NLR family of pattern recognition receptors and is a potent negative regulator of several pathways that significantly modulate many of these events. Thus, we hypothesized that NLRX1 limits immune system signaling in the brain following trauma. To evaluate this hypothesis, we used Nlrx1-/- mice in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury murine model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this article, we show that Nlrx1-/- mice exhibited significantly larger brain lesions and increased motor deficits following CCI injury. Mechanistically, our data indicate that the NF-κB signaling cascade is significantly upregulated in Nlrx1-/- animals. This upregulation is associated with increased microglia and macrophage populations in the cortical lesion. Using a mouse neuroblastoma cell line (N2A), we also found that NLRX1 significantly reduced apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. In human patients, we identify 15 NLRs that are significantly dysregulated, including significant downregulation of NLRX1 in brain injury following aneurysm. We further demonstrate a concurrent increase in NF-κB signaling that is correlated with aneurysm severity in these human subjects. Together, our data extend the function of NLRX1 beyond its currently characterized role in host-pathogen defense and identify this highly novel NLR as a significant modulator of brain injury progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061;
| | - Thomas Brickler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Armand L Meza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.,Department of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; and
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Amanda Hazy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Denis Gris
- Programme d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Irving C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061;
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62
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Benedek G, Zhang J, Nguyen H, Kent G, Seifert HA, Davin S, Stauffer P, Vandenbark AA, Karstens L, Asquith M, Offner H. Estrogen protection against EAE modulates the microbiota and mucosal-associated regulatory cells. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 310:51-59. [PMID: 28778445 PMCID: PMC5570519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormones promote immunoregulatory effects on multiple sclerosis. In the current study we evaluated the composition of the gut microbiota and the mucosal-associated regulatory cells in estrogen or sham treated female mice before and after autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction. Treatment with pregnancy levels of estrogen induces changes in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota. Additionally, estrogen prevents EAE-associated changes in the gut microbiota and might promote the enrichment of bacteria that are associated with immune regulation. Our results point to a possible cross-talk between the sex hormones and the gut microbiota, which could promote neuroprotection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Estrogens/therapeutic use
- Feces/microbiology
- Female
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Intestines/drug effects
- Intestines/microbiology
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Lymph Nodes/drug effects
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microbiota/drug effects
- Mucous Membrane/drug effects
- Mucous Membrane/pathology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Benedek
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ha Nguyen
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gail Kent
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Hilary A Seifert
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sean Davin
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Patrick Stauffer
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa Karstens
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Urogynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Mark Asquith
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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63
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Peng H, Liu H, Liu F, Gao Y, Chen J, Huo J, Han J, Xiao T, Zhang W. NLRP2 and FAF1 deficiency blocks early embryogenesis in the mouse. Reproduction 2017. [PMID: 28630100 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nlrp2 is a maternal effect gene specifically expressed by mouse ovaries; deletion of this gene from zygotes is known to result in early embryonic arrest. In the present study, we identified FAF1 protein as a specific binding partner of the NLRP2 protein in both mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos. In addition to early embryos, both Faf1 mRNA and protein were detected in multiple tissues. NLRP2 and FAF1 proteins were co-localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus during the development of oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to confirm the specific interaction between NLRP2 and FAF1 proteins. Knockdown of the Nlrp2 or Faf1 gene in zygotes interfered with the formation of a NLRP2-FAF1 complex and led to developmental arrest during early embryogenesis. We therefore conclude that NLRP2 interacts with FAF1 under normal physiological conditions and that this interaction is probably essential for the successful development of cleavage-stage mouse embryos. Our data therefore indicated a potential role for NLRP2 in regulating early embryo development in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyun Gao
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchao Huo
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Han
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianfang Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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64
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Hu YW, Wu XM, Ren SS, Cao L, Nie P, Chang MX. NOD1 deficiency impairs CD44a/Lck as well as PI3K/Akt pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2979. [PMID: 28592872 PMCID: PMC5462776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are crucial for host defense and tissue homeostasis against infecting pathogens. PRRs are highly conserved cross species, suggesting their key roles in fundamental biological processes. Though much have been learned for NOD1 receptor in the innate and adaptive immune responses, the roles of NOD1 during embryonic and larval stages remain poorly understood. Here, we report that NOD1 is necessary for the modulation of PI3K-Akt pathway and larval survival in zebrafish. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the significantly enriched pathways in NOD1 -/- zebrafish larvae were mainly involved in metabolism and immune system processes. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that NOD1 was required for the expression of CD44a that, in turn, activated the PI3K-Akt pathway during larval development. Conversely, over-expression of CD44a in NOD1-deficient zebrafish restored the modulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway and improved larval survival. Collectively, our work indicates that NOD1 plays a previously undetected protective role in larval survival through CD44a-mediated activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiao Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Shi Si Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Lu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China.
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65
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Sharma D, Kanneganti TD. The cell biology of inflammasomes: Mechanisms of inflammasome activation and regulation. J Cell Biol 2017; 213:617-29. [PMID: 27325789 PMCID: PMC4915194 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201602089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, numerous advances have been made in the role and regulation of inflammasomes during pathogenic and sterile insults. An inflammasome complex comprises a sensor, an adaptor, and a zymogen procaspase-1. The functional output of inflammasome activation includes secretion of cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and induction of an inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. Recent studies have highlighted the intersection of this inflammatory response with fundamental cellular processes. Novel modulators and functions of inflammasome activation conventionally associated with the maintenance of homeostatic biological functions have been uncovered. In this review, we discuss the biological processes involved in the activation and regulation of the inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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66
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de Torre-Minguela C, Mesa Del Castillo P, Pelegrín P. The NLRP3 and Pyrin Inflammasomes: Implications in the Pathophysiology of Autoinflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:43. [PMID: 28191008 PMCID: PMC5271383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that critically control different aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. Among them we could highlight the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that induce and maintain the inflammatory response. Usually, inflammasomes result from oligomerization of a nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor (NLR) after sensing different pathogenic or endogenous sterile dangerous signals; however, other proteins such as absent in melanoma 2, retinoic acid-inducible gene I, or pyrin could also form inflammasome platforms. Inflammasome oligomerization leads to caspase-1 activation and the processing and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Mutations in different inflammasomes are causative for multiple periodic hereditary syndromes or autoinflammatory diseases, characterized by acute systemic inflammatory flares not associated with infections, tumors, or autoimmunity. This review focuses on germline mutations that have been described in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) for NLRP3 or in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and pyrin-associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis (PAAND) for MEFV. Besides the implication of inflammasomes in autoinflammatory syndromes, these molecular platforms are involved in the pathophysiology of different illnesses, including chronic inflammatory diseases, degenerative processes, fibrosis, or metabolic diseases. Therefore, drug development targeting inflammasome activation is a promising field in expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos de Torre-Minguela
- Unidad de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERehd, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca , Murcia , Spain
| | - Pablo Mesa Del Castillo
- Unidad de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERehd, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Unidad de Reumatología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Unidad de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERehd, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca , Murcia , Spain
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67
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Abstract
Uric acid is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), released from ischemic tissues and dying cells which, when crystalized, is able to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Soluble uric acid (sUA) is found in high concentrations in the serum of great apes, and even higher in some diseases, before the appearance of crystals. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether uric acid, in the soluble form, could also activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and induce the production of IL-1β. We monitored ROS, mitochondrial area and respiratory parameters from macrophages following sUA stimulus. We observed that sUA is released in a hypoxic environment and is able to induce IL-1β release. This process is followed by production of mitochondrial ROS, ASC speck formation and caspase-1 activation. Nlrp3-/- macrophages presented a protected redox state, increased maximum and reserve oxygen consumption ratio (OCR) and higher VDAC protein levels when compared to WT and Myd88-/- cells. Using a disease model characterized by increased sUA levels, we observed a correlation between sUA, inflammasome activation and fibrosis. These findings suggest sUA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. We propose that future therapeutic strategies for renal fibrosis should include strategies that block sUA or inhibit its recognition by phagocytes.
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68
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Abstract
Canonical activation of the inflammasome is critical to promote caspase-1-dependent maturation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, as well as to induce pyroptotic cell death in response to pathogens and endogenous danger signals. Recent discoveries, however, are beginning to unveil new components of the inflammasome machinery as well as the full spectrum of inflammasome functions, extending their influence beyond canonical functions to regulation of eicosanoid storm, autophagy, and metabolism. In addition, the receptor components of the inflammasome can also regulate diverse biological processes, such as cellular proliferation, gene transcription, and tumorigenesis, all of which are independent of their inflammasome complex-forming capabilities. Here, we review these recent advances that are shaping our understanding of the complex biology of the inflammasome and its constituents.
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69
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Modular transcriptional repertoire and MicroRNA target analyses characterize genomic dysregulation in the thymus of Down syndrome infants. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7497-533. [PMID: 26848775 PMCID: PMC4884935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21-driven transcriptional alterations in human thymus were characterized through gene coexpression network (GCN) and miRNA-target analyses. We used whole thymic tissue--obtained at heart surgery from Down syndrome (DS) and karyotipically normal subjects (CT)--and a network-based approach for GCN analysis that allows the identification of modular transcriptional repertoires (communities) and the interactions between all the system's constituents through community detection. Changes in the degree of connections observed for hierarchically important hubs/genes in CT and DS networks corresponded to community changes. Distinct communities of highly interconnected genes were topologically identified in these networks. The role of miRNAs in modulating the expression of highly connected genes in CT and DS was revealed through miRNA-target analysis. Trisomy 21 gene dysregulation in thymus may be depicted as the breakdown and altered reorganization of transcriptional modules. Leading networks acting in normal or disease states were identified. CT networks would depict the "canonical" way of thymus functioning. Conversely, DS networks represent a "non-canonical" way, i.e., thymic tissue adaptation under trisomy 21 genomic dysregulation. This adaptation is probably driven by epigenetic mechanisms acting at chromatin level and through the miRNA control of transcriptional programs involving the networks' high-hierarchy genes.
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70
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Silveira TN, Gomes MTR, Oliveira LS, Campos PC, Machado GG, Oliveira SC. NLRP12 negatively regulates proinflammatory cytokine production and host defense against Brucella abortus. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:51-59. [PMID: 27800616 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Brucella abortus is the causative agent of brucellosis, which causes abortion in domestic animals and undulant fever in humans. This bacterium infects and proliferates mainly in macrophages and dendritic cells, where it is recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including Nod-like receptors (NLRs). Our group recently demonstrated the role of AIM2 and NLRP3 in Brucella recognition. Here, we investigated the participation of NLRP12 in innate immune response to B. abortus. We show that NLRP12 inhibits the early production of IL-12 by bone marrow-derived macrophages upon B. abortus infection. We also observed that NLRP12 suppresses in vitro NF-κB and MAPK signaling in response to Brucella. Moreover, we show that NLRP12 modulates caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion in B. abortus infected-macrophages. Furthermore, we show that mice lacking NLRP12 are more resistant in the early stages of B. abortus infection: NLRP12-/- infected-mice have reduced bacterial burdens in the spleens and increased production of IFN-γ and IL-1β compared with wild-type controls. In addition, NLRP12 deficiency leads to reduction in granuloma number and size in mouse livers. Altogether, our findings suggest that NLRP12 plays an important role in negatively regulating the early inflammatory responses against B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Silveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio R Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila C Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sergio C Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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71
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An interferon-β-resistant and NLRP3 inflammasome-independent subtype of EAE with neuronal damage. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1599-1609. [PMID: 27820602 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation induced by innate immunity influences the development of T cell-mediated autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found that strong activation of innate immunity induced Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-independent and interferon-β (IFNβ)-resistant EAE (termed type B EAE), whereas EAE induced by weak activation of innate immunity requires the NLRP3 inflammasome and is sensitive to IFNβ treatment. Instead, an alternative inflammatory mechanism, including membrane-bound lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) and CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), is involved in type B EAE development, and type B EAE is ameliorated by antagonizing these receptors. Relative expression of Ltbr and Cxcr2 genes was indeed enhanced in patients with IFNβ-resistant multiple sclerosis. Remission was minimal in type B EAE due to neuronal damages induced by semaphorin 6B upregulation on CD4+ T cells. Our data reveal a new inflammatory mechanism by which an IFNβ-resistant EAE subtype develops.
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72
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Ratner D, Orning MPA, Lien E. Bacterial secretion systems and regulation of inflammasome activation. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:165-181. [PMID: 27810946 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr0716-330r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is critical for host defenses against pathogens, but many bacteria display complex ways of interacting with innate immune signaling, as they may both activate and evade certain pathways. Gram-negative bacteria can exhibit specialized nanomachine secretion systems for delivery of effector proteins into mammalian cells. Bacterial types III, IV, and VI secretion systems (T3SS, T4SS, and T6SS) are known for their impact on caspase-1-activating inflammasomes, necessary for producing bioactive inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, key participants of anti-bacterial responses. Here, we discuss how these secretion systems can mediate triggering and inhibition of inflammasome signaling. We propose that a fine balance between secretion system-mediated activation and inhibition can determine net activation of inflammasome activity and control inflammation, clearance, or spread of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Ratner
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - M Pontus A Orning
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Egil Lien
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and .,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim, Norway
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73
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The immune receptor Trem1 cooperates with diminished DNA damage response to induce preleukemic stem cell expansion. Leukemia 2016; 31:423-433. [PMID: 27568523 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with extremely high risk of leukemic transformation. Here we investigate the relationship between DNA damage response (DDR) and leukemogenesis using the Fanca knockout mouse model. We found that chronic exposure of the Fanca-/- hematopoietic stem cells to DNA crosslinking agent mitomycin C in vivo leads to diminished DDR, and the emergence/expansion of pre-leukemia stem cells (pre-LSCs). Surprisingly, although genetic correction of Fanca deficiency in the pre-LSCs restores DDR and reduces genomic instability, but fails to prevent pre-LSC expansion or delay leukemia development in irradiated recipients. Furthermore, we identified transcription program underlying dysregulated DDR and cell migration, myeloid proliferation, and immune response in the Fanca-/- pre-LSCs. Forced expression of the downregulated DNA repair genes, Rad51c or Trp53i13, in the Fanca-/- pre-LSCs partially rescues DDR but has no effect on leukemia, whereas shRNA knockdown of the upregulated immune receptor genes Trem1 or Pilrb improves leukemia-related survival, but not DDR or genomic instability. Furthermore, Trem1 cooperates with diminished DDR in vivo to promote Fanca-/- pre-LSC expansion and leukemia development. Our study implicates diminishing DDR as a root cause of FA leukemogenesis, which subsequently collaborates with other signaling pathways for leukemogenic transformation.
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74
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Multifaceted Functions of NOD-Like Receptor Proteins in Myeloid Cells at the Intersection of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 4. [DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mchd-0021-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptor (NLR) proteins, as much as Toll-like receptor proteins, play a major role in modulating myeloid cells in their immune functions. There is still, however, limited knowledge on the expression and function of several of the mammalian NLR proteins in myeloid lineages. Still, the function of pyrin domain-containing NLR proteins and NLRC4/NAIP as inflammasome components that drive interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 maturation and secretion upon pathogen stimulation is well established. NOD1, NOD2, NLRP3, and NLRC4/NAIP act as bona fide pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) but also react to endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Ultimately, activation of these receptors achieves macrophage activation and maturation of dendritic cells to drive antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Upon infection, sensing of invading pathogens and likely of DAMPs that are released in response to tissue injury is a process that involves multiple PRRs in both myeloid and epithelial cells, and these act in concert to design tailored, pathogen-adapted immune responses by induction of different cytokine profiles, giving rise to appropriate lymphocyte polarization.
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Tomalka J, Ghneim K, Bhattacharyya S, Aid M, Barouch DH, Sekaly RP, Ribeiro SP. The sooner the better: innate immunity as a path toward the HIV cure. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 19:85-91. [PMID: 27497036 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To combat the diverse pathogens that infect humans, the immune system has evolved complex and diverse transcriptional signatures, which drive differential cellular and humoral responses. These signatures are induced by immune receptor sensing of pathogens and by cytokines produced at the earliest onset of infection. The specific nature of immune activation is as critical to pathogen clearance as the induction of an adaptive immune response. This is particularly true for HIV, which has developed numerous immune evasion mechanisms. In this review, we will highlight recent findings that show the differential role for early innate immune responses in promoting infection versus clearance and demonstrate the need for continued research on these pathways for development of effective HIV treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Tomalka
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Khader Ghneim
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Malika Aid
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
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Li X, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Ciric B, Ma CG, Gran B, Curtis M, Rostami A, Zhang GX. RETRACTED: Neural Stem Cells Engineered to Express Three Therapeutic Factors Mediate Recovery from Chronic Stage CNS Autoimmunity. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1456-1469. [PMID: 27203442 PMCID: PMC5023377 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the editor-in-chief. Similarities were found between images in this article and a previously published article in Scientific Reports (Zhang et al., 2015, Sci. Rep. 30, 17407, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17407). Similarities were also found between images within this article. These concerns were initially reported in a PubPeer thread (https://pubpeer.com/publications/11D757FEEACDC81ACAF60BD0A32607). Image analysis performed by the editorial office confirmed findings of image reuse in Figures 2C and 5C of the Molecular Therapy article. In addition, some of the original data provided by the authors do not match the published article. This reuse (and in part misrepresentation) of data without appropriate attribution represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The authors disagree with this retraction and maintain that these mistakes do not alter the conclusions of the study.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Engineering
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/diagnosis
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Microglia/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Multiple Sclerosis/therapy
- Myelin Basic Protein/biosynthesis
- Myelin Proteins/metabolism
- Nerve Growth Factors/genetics
- Neural Stem Cells/cytology
- Neural Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Oligodendroglia/cytology
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northwest China National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northwest China National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northwest China National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Shanxi Datong University Medical School, Datong, China
| | - Bruno Gran
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Curtis
- Department of Neuropathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Gurung P, Kanneganti TD. Immune responses against protozoan parasites: a focus on the emerging role of Nod-like receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3035-51. [PMID: 27032699 PMCID: PMC4956549 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nod-like receptors (NLRs) have gained attention in recent years because of the ability of some family members to assemble into a multimeric protein complex known as the inflammasome. The role of NLRs and the inflammasome in regulating innate immunity against bacterial pathogens has been well studied. However, recent studies show that NLRs and inflammasomes also play a role during infections caused by protozoan parasites, which pose a significant global health burden. Herein, we review the diseases caused by the most common protozoan parasites in the world and discuss the roles of NLRs and inflammasomes in host immunity against these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Gurung
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105-2794, USA
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105-2794, USA.
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Damm A, Giebeler N, Zamek J, Zigrino P, Kufer TA. Epidermal NLRP10 contributes to contact hypersensitivity responses in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1959-69. [PMID: 27221772 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) protein NLRP10 is highly expressed in the epidermis and contributes to cell-autonomous responses against invasive bacteria. To investigate the role of NLRP10 in inflammatory responses of the skin we analyzed the effect of full-body and keratinocyte-specific depletion of NLRP10 in croton oil-induced irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice. Nlrp10(-/-) mice were phenotypically normal and skin repair after wounding was not affected by lack of NLRP10. Similarly, we did not detect a contribution of NLRP10 to the ICD response induced by croton oil. In contrast, Nlrp10(-/-) mice showed significantly reduced inflammation in the DNFB-induced CHS response as compared to control animals. Microscopic analysis revealed significantly reduced numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the infiltrates of animals lacking NLRP10 expression after CHS challenge. Epidermis-specific deletion of Nlrp10 by keratin-14 promotor driven Cre-recombinase was sufficient to account for this phenotype, although lymphocyte recruitment seemed to be unaltered in animals lacking NLRP10 expression in keratinocytes. Taken together, we provide evidence that NLRP10 contributes to T-cell-mediated inflammatory responses in the skin and highlight a physiological role of NLRP10 in epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Damm
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nives Giebeler
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Zamek
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paola Zigrino
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Zhan Y, Seregin SS, Chen J, Chen GY. Nod1 Limits Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis by Regulating IFN-γ Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:5121-9. [PMID: 27183588 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammation is a major risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. Nod1, a member of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of pattern recognition receptors, is a bacterial sensor that has been previously demonstrated to reduce susceptibility of mice to chemically induced colitis and subsequent tumorigenesis, but the mechanism by which it mediates its protection has not been elucidated. In this study, we show that Nod1 expression in the hematopoietic cell compartment is critical for limiting inflammation-induced intestinal tumorigenesis. Specifically, Nod1-deficient T cells exhibit impaired IFN-γ production during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute inflammation in vivo, and administration of the Nod1 ligand KF1B enhances IFN-γ responses by anti-CD3-activated T cells in vitro. Absence of IFN-γ signaling results in increased inflammation-associated tumors in mice, and adoptive transfer of Nod1(-/-) or IFNγ(-/-) T cells into T cell-deficient mice results in increased tumorigenesis as compared with T cell-deficient mice that were adoptively transferred with wild-type T cells. Collectively, these results suggest a previously unappreciated role for the innate immune receptor Nod1 in suppressing colitis-associated tumorigenesis through a T cell-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sergey S Seregin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jiachen Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Grace Y Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Barouch DH, Ghneim K, Bosche WJ, Li Y, Berkemeier B, Hull M, Bhattacharyya S, Cameron M, Liu J, Smith K, Borducchi E, Cabral C, Peter L, Brinkman A, Shetty M, Li H, Gittens C, Baker C, Wagner W, Lewis MG, Colantonio A, Kang HJ, Li W, Lifson JD, Piatak M, Sekaly RP. Rapid Inflammasome Activation following Mucosal SIV Infection of Rhesus Monkeys. Cell 2016; 165:656-67. [PMID: 27085913 PMCID: PMC4842119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The earliest events following mucosal HIV-1 infection, prior to measurable viremia, remain poorly understood. Here, by detailed necropsy studies, we show that the virus can rapidly disseminate following mucosal SIV infection of rhesus monkeys and trigger components of the inflammasome, both at the site of inoculation and at early sites of distal virus spread. By 24 hr following inoculation, a proinflammatory signature that lacked antiviral restriction factors was observed in viral RNA-positive tissues. The early innate response included expression of NLRX1, which inhibits antiviral responses, and activation of the TGF-β pathway, which negatively regulates adaptive immune responses. These data suggest a model in which the virus triggers specific host mechanisms that suppress the generation of antiviral innate and adaptive immune responses in the first few days of infection, thus facilitating its own replication. These findings have important implications for the development of vaccines and other strategies to prevent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Khader Ghneim
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - William J Bosche
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brian Berkemeier
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Michael Hull
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Mark Cameron
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kaitlin Smith
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Erica Borducchi
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Crystal Cabral
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lauren Peter
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amanda Brinkman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mayuri Shetty
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hualin Li
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyung-Joo Kang
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Abstract
Ubiquitination has emerged as a crucial mechanism that regulates signal transduction in diverse biological processes, including different aspects of immune functions. Ubiquitination regulates pattern-recognition receptor signaling that mediates both innate immune responses and dendritic cell maturation required for initiation of adaptive immune responses. Ubiquitination also regulates the development, activation, and differentiation of T cells, thereby maintaining efficient adaptive immune responses to pathogens and immunological tolerance to self-tissues. Like phosphorylation, ubiquitination is a reversible reaction tightly controlled by the opposing actions of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. Deregulated ubiquitination events are associated with immunological disorders, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Unit 902, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Thaiss CA, Levy M, Itav S, Elinav E. Integration of Innate Immune Signaling. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:84-101. [PMID: 26755064 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The last decades of research in innate immunology have revealed a multitude of sensing receptors that evaluate the presence of microorganisms or cellular damage in tissues. In the context of a complex tissue, many such sensing events occur simultaneously. Thus, the downstream pathways need to be integrated to launch an appropriate cellular response, to tailor the magnitude of the reaction to the inciting event, and to terminate it in a manner that avoids immunopathology. Here, we provide a conceptual overview of the crosstalk between innate immune receptors in the initiation of a concerted immune reaction to microbial and endogenous triggers. We classify the known interactions into categories of communication and provide examples of their importance in pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maayan Levy
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shlomik Itav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Gharagozloo M, Mahvelati TM, Imbeault E, Gris P, Zerif E, Bobbala D, Ilangumaran S, Amrani A, Gris D. The nod-like receptor, Nlrp12, plays an anti-inflammatory role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:198. [PMID: 26521018 PMCID: PMC4628289 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease resulting in demyelinating plaques throughout the central nervous system. In MS, the exact role of microglia remains unknown. On one hand, they can present antigens, skew T cell responses, and upregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. On the other hand, microglia may express anti-inflammatory molecules and inhibit inflammation. Microglia express a wide variety of immune receptors such as nod-like receptors (NLRs). NLRs are intracellular receptors capable of regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Among NLRs, Nlrp12 is largely expressed in cells of myeloid origins. It plays a role in immune inflammatory responses by negatively regulating the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Thus, we hypothesize that Nlrp12 suppresses inflammation and ameliorates the course of MS. METHODS We used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-characterized mouse model of MS. EAE was induced in wild-type (WT) and Nlrp12 (-/-) mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG):complete Freud's adjuvant (CFA). The spinal cords of healthy and immunized mice were extracted for immunofluorescence and pro-inflammatory gene analysis. Primary murine cortical microglia cell cultures of WT and Nlrp12 (-/-) were prepared with cortices of 1-day-old pups. The cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and analyzed for the expression of pro-inflammatory genes as well as pro-inflammatory molecule secretions. RESULTS Over the course of 9 weeks, the Nlrp12 (-/-) mice demonstrated increased severity in the disease state, where they developed the disease earlier and reached significantly higher clinical scores compared to the WT mice. The spinal cords of immunized WT mice relative to healthy WT mice revealed a significant increase in Nlrp12 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression at 1, 3, and 5 weeks post injection. A significant increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes Ccr5, Cox2, and IL-1β was found in the spinal cords of the Nlrp12 (-/-) mice relative to the WT mice (P < 0.05). A significant increase in the level of gliosis was observed in the spinal cords of the Nlrp12 (-/-) mice compared to the WT mice after 9 weeks of disease (P < 0.05). Primary Nlrp12 (-/-) microglia cells demonstrated a significant increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression (P < 0.05) and secreted significantly (P < 0.05) more tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO). CONCLUSION Nlrp12 plays a protective role by suppressing inflammation during the development of EAE. The absence of Nlrp12 results in an increased inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Gharagozloo
- Program of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Tara M Mahvelati
- Program of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Emilie Imbeault
- Program of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Pavel Gris
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Echarki Zerif
- Program of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Diwakar Bobbala
- Program of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Program of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Abdelaziz Amrani
- Program of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Denis Gris
- Program of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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