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Chen D, Duan Z, Zhou W, Zou W, Jin S, Li D, Chen X, Zhou Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Shresta S, Wen J. Japanese encephalitis virus-primed CD8+ T cells prevent antibody-dependent enhancement of Zika virus pathogenesis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20192152. [PMID: 32501510 PMCID: PMC7478723 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-reactive anti-flaviviral immunity can influence the outcome of infections with heterologous flaviviruses. However, it is unclear how the interplay between cross-reactive antibodies and T cells tilts the balance toward pathogenesis versus protection during secondary Zika virus (ZIKV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections. We show that sera and IgG from JEV-vaccinated humans and JEV-inoculated mice cross-reacted with ZIKV, exacerbated lethal ZIKV infection upon transfer to mice, and promoted viral replication and mortality upon ZIKV infection of the neonates born to immune mothers. In contrast, transfer of CD8+ T cells from JEV-exposed mice was protective, reducing the viral burden and mortality of ZIKV-infected mice and abrogating the lethal effects of antibody-mediated enhancement of ZIKV infection in mice. Conversely, cross-reactive anti-ZIKV antibodies or CD8+ T cells displayed the same pathogenic or protective effects upon JEV infection, with the exception that maternally acquired anti-ZIKV antibodies had no effect on JEV infection of the neonates. These results provide clues for developing safe anti-JEV/ZIKV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Immunology Innovation Team, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- The Sixth People’s Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Duan
- Immunology Innovation Team, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Immunology Innovation Team, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiwei Zou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengwei Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dezhou Li
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jinsheng Wen
- Immunology Innovation Team, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Idris F, Ting DHR, Alonso S. An update on dengue vaccine development, challenges, and future perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:47-58. [PMID: 32838577 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1811675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION From both a public health and economic perspective, vaccination is arguably the most effective approach to combat endemic and pandemic infectious diseases. Dengue affects more than 100 countries in the tropical and subtropical world, with 100-400 million infections every year. In the wake of the recent setback faced by Dengvaxia, the only FDA-approved dengue vaccine, safer and more effective dengue vaccines candidates are moving along the clinical pipeline. AREA COVERED This review provides an update of the latest outcomes of dengue vaccine clinical trials. In the light of recent progress made in our understanding of dengue pathogenesis and immune correlates of protection, novel vaccine strategies have emerged with promising second-generation dengue vaccine candidates. Finally, the authors discuss the dengue-specific challenges that remain to be addressed and overcome. EXPERT OPINION The authors propose to explore various adjuvants and delivery systems that may help improve the design of safe, effective, and affordable vaccines against dengue. They also challenge the concept of a 'universal' dengue vaccine as increasing evidence support that DENV strains have evolved different virulence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhriedzwan Idris
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donald Heng Rong Ting
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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53
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A Zika virus envelope mutation preceding the 2015 epidemic enhances virulence and fitness for transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20190-20197. [PMID: 32747564 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005722117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses maintain high mutation rates due to lack of proofreading ability of their viral polymerases, in some cases facilitating adaptive evolution and emergence. Here we show that, just before its 2013 spread to the Americas, Zika virus (ZIKV) underwent an envelope protein V473M substitution (E-V473M) that increased neurovirulence, maternal-to-fetal transmission, and viremia to facilitate urban transmission. A preepidemic Asian ZIKV strain (FSS13025 isolated in Cambodia in 2010) engineered with the V473M substitution significantly increased neurovirulence in neonatal mice and produced higher viral loads in the placenta and fetal heads in pregnant mice. Conversely, an epidemic ZIKV strain (PRVABC59 isolated in Puerto Rico in 2015) engineered with the inverse M473V substitution reversed the pathogenic phenotypes. Although E-V473M did not affect oral infection of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, competition experiments in cynomolgus macaques showed that this mutation increased its fitness for viremia generation, suggesting adaptive evolution for human viremia and hence transmission. Mechanistically, the V473M mutation, located at the second transmembrane helix of the E protein, enhances virion morphogenesis. Overall, our study revealed E-V473M as a critical determinant for enhanced ZIKV virulence, intrauterine transmission during pregnancy, and viremia to facilitate urban transmission.
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54
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Valentine KM, Croft M, Shresta S. Protection against dengue virus requires a sustained balance of antibody and T cell responses. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 43:22-27. [PMID: 32798886 PMCID: PMC7655611 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pre-existing immunity to dengue virus (DENV) can either protect against or exacerbate, a phenomenon known as antibody dependent enhancement (ADE), a secondary DENV infection. DENV, as an escalating health problem worldwide, has increased the urgency to understand the precise parameters shaping the anti-DENV antibody (Ab) and T cell responses, thereby tipping the balance towards protection versus pathogenesis. Herein, we present the current state of knowledge of about the interplay between the Ab and T cell responses that dictate the outcome of DENV infection and discuss how this newfound knowledge is reshaping strategies for developing safe and effective DENV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Valentine
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Croft
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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55
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Schrauf S, Tschismarov R, Tauber E, Ramsauer K. Current Efforts in the Development of Vaccines for the Prevention of Zika and Chikungunya Virus Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592. [PMID: 32373111 PMCID: PMC7179680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses represent major challenges to public health, particularly in tropical, and subtropical regions, and a substantial risk to other parts of the world as respective vectors extend their habitats. In recent years, two viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, Chikungunya and Zika virus, have gathered increased interest. After decades of regionally constrained outbreaks, both viruses have recently caused explosive outbreaks on an unprecedented scale, causing immense suffering and massive economic burdens in affected regions. Chikungunya virus causes an acute febrile illness that often transitions into a chronic manifestation characterized by debilitating arthralgia and/or arthritis in a substantial subset of infected individuals. Zika infection frequently presents as a mild influenza-like illness, often subclinical, but can cause severe complications such as congenital malformations in pregnancy and neurological disorders, including Guillain-Barré syndrome. With no specific treatments or vaccines available, vector control remains the most effective measure to manage spread of these diseases. Given that both viruses cause antibody responses that confer long-term, possibly lifelong protection and that such responses are cross-protective against the various circulating genetic lineages, the development of Zika and Chikungunya vaccines represents a promising route for disease control. In this review we provide a brief overview on Zika and Chikungunya viruses, the etiology and epidemiology of the illnesses they cause and the host immune response against them, before summarizing past and current efforts to develop vaccines to alleviate the burden caused by these emerging diseases. The development of the urgently needed vaccines is hampered by several factors including the unpredictable epidemiology, feasibility of rapid clinical trial implementation during outbreaks and regulatory pathways. We will give an overview of the current developments.
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56
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A combination of two human monoclonal antibodies limits fetal damage by Zika virus in macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7981-7989. [PMID: 32209664 PMCID: PMC7149495 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000414117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause fetal abnormalities. Vaccines against ZIKV are under development, but because of potential safety concerns due to disease-enhancing antibodies, and the time required by active immunization to induce protective antibodies, there is a need to explore alternative strategies. Recombinant monoclonal antibodies can be modified to prevent enhancement of infection, and thus could be an efficacious and safe alternative to vaccines to confer rapid protection. We show that prophylactic administration of two engineered antibodies, Z004 and Z021, to pregnant macaques partially protects against fetal neurologic damage and limits vertical transmission of ZIKV. Human infection by Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy can lead to vertical transmission and fetal aberrations, including microcephaly. Prophylactic administration of antibodies can diminish or prevent ZIKV infection in animal models, but whether passive immunization can protect nonhuman primates and their fetuses during pregnancy has not been determined. Z004 and Z021 are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to domain III of the envelope (EDIII) of ZIKV. Together the two antibodies protect nonpregnant macaques against infection even after Fc modifications to prevent antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in vitro and extend their half-lives. Here we report on prophylactic coadministration of the Fc-modified antibodies to pregnant rhesus macaques challenged three times with ZIKV during first and second trimester. The two antibodies did not entirely eliminate maternal viremia but limited vertical transmission, protecting the fetus from neurologic damage. Thus, maternal passive immunization with two antibodies to EDIII can shield primate fetuses from the harmful effects of ZIKV.
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57
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Duehr J, McMahon M, Williamson B, Amanat F, Durbin A, Hawman DW, Noack D, Uhl S, Tan GS, Feldmann H, Krammer F. Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies against the Gn and the Gc of the Andes Virus Glycoprotein Spike Complex Protect from Virus Challenge in a Preclinical Hamster Model. mBio 2020; 11:e00028-20. [PMID: 32209676 PMCID: PMC7157512 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00028-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are the etiological agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). The latter is associated with case fatality rates ranging from 30% to 50%. HCPS cases are rare, with approximately 300 recorded annually in the Americas. Recently, an HCPS outbreak of unprecedented size has been occurring in and around Epuyén, in the southwestern Argentinian state of Chubut. Since November of 2018, at least 29 cases have been laboratory confirmed, and human-to-human transmission is suspected. Despite posing a significant threat to public health, no treatment or vaccine is available for hantaviral disease. Here, we describe an effort to identify, characterize, and develop neutralizing and protective antibodies against the glycoprotein complex (Gn and Gc) of Andes virus (ANDV), the causative agent of the Epuyén outbreak. Using murine hybridoma technology, we generated 19 distinct monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against ANDV GnGc. When tested for neutralization against a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the Andes glycoprotein (GP) (VSV-ANDV), 12 MAbs showed potent neutralization and 8 showed activity in an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity reporter assay. Escape mutant analysis revealed that neutralizing MAbs targeted both the Gn and the Gc. Four MAbs that bound different epitopes were selected for preclinical studies and were found to be 100% protective against lethality in a Syrian hamster model of ANDV infection. These data suggest the existence of a wide array of neutralizing antibody epitopes on hantavirus GnGc with unique properties and mechanisms of action.IMPORTANCE Infections with New World hantaviruses are associated with high case fatality rates, and no specific vaccine or treatment options exist. Furthermore, the biology of the hantaviral GnGc complex, its antigenicity, and its fusion machinery are poorly understood. Protective monoclonal antibodies against GnGc have the potential to be developed into therapeutics against hantaviral disease and are also great tools to elucidate the biology of the glycoprotein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Duehr
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brandi Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alan Durbin
- Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Danny Noack
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Skyler Uhl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gene S Tan
- Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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58
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Zhang W, Xu Y, Zhao F, Tarbe M, Zhou S, Wang W, Zhang S, Zhang W, Xu Q, Shi L, Yuan F, Lin X, Liu S, Sun J, Zhao J, Yang Y, Liang X, Zhong J, Long G, Qin C, Leng Q, Tang H. The pre-existing cellular immunity to Japanese encephalitis virus heterotypically protects mice from Zika virus infection. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:402-409. [PMID: 36659231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are closely related flaviviruses, ZIKV circulates in the population that has been JEV vaccinated in Southeast Asian countries. This alerts that a pre-existing immunity to JEV would impact ZIKV infection and/or pathogenesis. Herein we showed that the pre-existing immunity to JEV SA14-14-2 vaccination provided an ample protection against non-lethal or lethal dose of ZIKV infection in mice. This was in sharp contrast to the passive immunization of JEV antibodies, which failed to affect ZIKV infection or pathogenesis in mice, albeit these antibodies exhibited cross-reactivity and antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of ZIKV infection in vitro. Furthermore, we determined that JEV vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells were required to mediate the heterotypic protection of ZIKV infection, which cross-reacted to ZIKV E and NS5 antigens (E294-302 and NS52839-2848). Adoptive transfer of these CD8+ T cells could partially protect the mice from ZIKV challenge. Therefore, although short of epidemiological evidence, these results suggested that cross-reactive CD8+ T cells activated by JEV vaccination could protect potential ZIKV infection in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongfen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fanfan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Marion Tarbe
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinwen Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gang Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chengfeng Qin
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qibin Leng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.
| | - Hong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Rathore APS, St John AL. Cross-Reactive Immunity Among Flaviviruses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:334. [PMID: 32174923 PMCID: PMC7054434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses consist of significant human pathogens responsible for hundreds of millions of infections each year. Their antigenic relationships generate immune responses that are cross-reactive to multiple flaviviruses and their widespread and overlapping geographical distributions, coupled with increases in vaccination coverage, increase the likelihood of exposure to multiple flaviviruses. Depending on the antigenic properties of the viruses to which a person is exposed, flavivirus cross-reactivity can be beneficial or could promote immune pathologies. In this review we describe our knowledge of the functional immune outcomes that arise from varied flaviviral immune statuses. The cross-reactive antibody and T cell immune responses that are protective versus pathological are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay P S Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ashley L St John
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-National University of Singapore Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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60
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Reynolds CJ, Watber P, Santos CNO, Ribeiro DR, Alves JC, Fonseca ABL, Bispo AJB, Porto RLS, Bokea K, de Jesus AMR, de Almeida RP, Boyton RJ, Altmann DM. Strong CD4 T Cell Responses to Zika Virus Antigens in a Cohort of Dengue Virus Immune Mothers of Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome Infants. Front Immunol 2020; 11:185. [PMID: 32132999 PMCID: PMC7040481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is an urgent need to understand the complex relationship between cross-reactive anti-viral immunity, disease susceptibility, and severity in the face of differential exposure to related, circulating Flaviviruses. Co-exposure to Dengue virus and Zika virus in Brazil is a case in point. A devastating aspect of the 2015-2016 South American Zika outbreak was the dramatic increase in numbers of infants born with microcephaly to mothers exposed to Zika virus during pregnancy. It has been proposed that this is more likely to ensue from Zika infection in women lacking cross-protective Dengue immunity. In this case series we measure the prevalence of Dengue immunity in a cohort of mothers exposed to Zika virus during pregnancy in the 2015-2016 Zika outbreak that gave birth to an infant affected by microcephaly and explore their adaptive immunity to Zika virus. Results: Fifty women from Sergipe, Brazil who gave birth to infants with microcephaly following Zika virus exposure during the 2015-16 outbreak were tested for serological evidence of Dengue exposure and IFNγ ELISpot spot forming cell (SFC) response to Zika virus. The majority (46/50) demonstrated Dengue immunity. IFNγ ELISpot responses to Zika virus antigens showed the following hierarchy: Env>NS1>NS3>C protein. Twenty T cell epitopes from Zika virus Env were identified. Responses to Zika virus antigens Env and NS1 were polyfunctional with cells making IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10. In contrast, responses to NS5 only produced the immune regulatory TGFβ1 cytokine. There were SFC responses against Zika virus Env (1-20) and variant peptide sequences from West Nile virus, Dengue virus 1-4 and Yellow Fever virus. Conclusion: Almost all the women in our study showed serological evidence of Dengue immunity, suggesting that microcephaly can occur in DENV immune mothers. T cell immunity to Zika virus showed a multifunctional response to the antigens Env and NS1 and immune regulatory responses to NS5 and C protein. Our data support an argument that different viral products may skew the antiviral response to a more pro or anti-inflammatory outcome, with an associated impact on immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Reynolds
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Watber
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Natália Oliveira Santos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Science, University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Danielle Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Science, University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cardoso Alves
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Science, University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Adriana B. L. Fonseca
- Microcephaly Clinic, Pediatric Division, University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Ana J. B. Bispo
- Microcephaly Clinic, Pediatric Division, University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Roseane L. S. Porto
- Microcephaly Clinic, Pediatric Division, University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Kalliopi Bokea
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amélia Maria Ribeiro de Jesus
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Roque Pacheco de Almeida
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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61
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Zimmerman MG, Wrammert J, Suthar MS. Cross-Reactive Antibodies during Zika Virus Infection: Protection, Pathogenesis, and Placental Seeding. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:14-24. [PMID: 31917957 PMCID: PMC7802743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunity is an essential component of the protective immune response to flavivirus infection. Typically, primary infection generates a robust neutralizing antibody response that mediates viral control and protection. It is becoming increasingly apparent that secondary infection with a closely related flavivirus strain can result in immunological cross-reactivity; however, the consequences to infection outcome remain controversial. Since its introduction to Brazil in 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused an epidemic of fetal congenital malformations within the Americas. Because ZIKV is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with a high degree of sequence and structural homology to Dengue virus (DENV), the role of immunological cross-reactivity in ZIKV and DENV infections has become a great concern. In this review, we highlight contemporary findings that implicate a role for flavivirus antibodies in mediating protection, contributing to pathogenesis, and seeding the human placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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62
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Shan C, Xie X, Luo H, Muruato AE, Liu Y, Wakamiya M, La JH, Chung JM, Weaver SC, Wang T, Shi PY. Maternal vaccination and protective immunity against Zika virus vertical transmission. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5677. [PMID: 31831806 PMCID: PMC6908683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An important goal of the Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine is to prevent a congenital syndrome in fetuses of pregnant women, but studies directly evaluating maternal vaccination for ZIKV are lacking. Here we report maternal vaccination using a live-attenuated ZIKV vaccine (3'UTR-∆10-LAV) in a pregnant mouse model. Maternal immunization with 3'UTR-∆10-LAV does not cause any adverse effects on pregnancy, fetal development, or offspring behavior. One maternal immunization fully protects dams against ZIKV infection and in utero transmission. Although neutralizing antibody alone is sufficient to prevent in utero transmission, a higher neutralizing titer is required to protect pregnant mice against in utero transmission than that required to protect non-pregnant mice against viral infection. The immunized dams transfer maternal antibodies to pups, which protect neonates against ZIKV infection. Notably, pregnancy weakens maternal T cell response to 3'UTR-∆10-LAV vaccination. Our results suggest that, besides vaccinating non-pregnant individuals, 3'UTR-∆10-LAV may also be considered for maternal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shan
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000000119573309grid.9227.eWuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xuping Xie
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA
| | - Huanle Luo
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA
| | - Antonio E. Muruato
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA
| | - Yang Liu
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA
| | - Jun-Ho La
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA
| | - Jin Mo Chung
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Center for Biodefense & Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA
| | - Tian Wang
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Phamarcology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas USA
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63
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Robbiani DF, Olsen PC, Costa F, Wang Q, Oliveira TY, Nery N, Aromolaran A, do Rosário MS, Sacramento GA, Cruz JS, Khouri R, Wunder EA, Mattos A, de Paula Freitas B, Sarno M, Archanjo G, Daltro D, Carvalho GBS, Pimentel K, de Siqueira IC, de Almeida JRM, Henriques DF, Lima JA, Vasconcelos PFC, Schaefer-Babajew D, Azzopardi SA, Bozzacco L, Gazumyan A, Belfort R, Alcântara AP, Carvalho G, Moreira L, Araujo K, Reis MG, Keesler RI, Coffey LL, Tisoncik-Go J, Gale M, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM, Dudley DM, Simmons HA, Mejia A, O'Connor DH, Steinbach RJ, Haese N, Smith J, Lewis A, Colgin L, Roberts V, Frias A, Kelleher M, Hirsch A, Streblow DN, Rice CM, MacDonald MR, de Almeida ARP, Van Rompay KKA, Ko AI, Nussenzweig MC. Risk of Zika microcephaly correlates with features of maternal antibodies. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2302-2315. [PMID: 31413072 PMCID: PMC6781003 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy causes congenital abnormalities, including microcephaly. However, rates vary widely, and the contributing risk factors remain unclear. We examined the serum antibody response to ZIKV and other flaviviruses in Brazilian women giving birth during the 2015-2016 outbreak. Infected pregnancies with intermediate or higher ZIKV antibody enhancement titers were at increased risk to give birth to microcephalic infants compared with those with lower titers (P < 0.0001). Similarly, analysis of ZIKV-infected pregnant macaques revealed that fetal brain damage was more frequent in mothers with higher enhancement titers. Thus, features of the maternal antibodies are associated with and may contribute to the genesis of ZIKV-associated microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide F Robbiani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Priscilla C Olsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Federico Costa
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
- Faculdade de Medicina and Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Qiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thiago Y Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Nivison Nery
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/MS, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Adeolu Aromolaran
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Mateus S do Rosário
- Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Secretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline S Cruz
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/MS, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/MS, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elsio A Wunder
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Adriana Mattos
- Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Secretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Paula Freitas
- Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Secretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Sarno
- Faculdade de Medicina and Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gracinda Archanjo
- Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Secretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Dina Daltro
- Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Secretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B S Carvalho
- Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Secretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Kleber Pimentel
- Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Secretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - João R M de Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina and Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana A Lima
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ministério da Saúde Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Stephanie A Azzopardi
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Leonia Bozzacco
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Anna Gazumyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/MS, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
- Faculdade de Medicina and Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rebekah I Keesler
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Lark L Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael Gale
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Dawn M Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Heather A Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Rosemary J Steinbach
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
| | - Nicole Haese
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jessica Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Anne Lewis
- Pathology Services Unit, Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
| | - Lois Colgin
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
| | - Victoria Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
| | - Antonio Frias
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Meredith Kelleher
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
| | - Alec Hirsch
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Daniel N Streblow
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Margaret R MacDonald
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Antonio R P de Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina and Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Albert I Ko
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/MS, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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64
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Venancio FA, Bernal MEQ, Ramos MDCDBV, Chaves NR, Hendges MV, de Souza MMR, de Medeiros MJ, Pinto CDBS, Falcão de Oliveira E. Congenital Zika Syndrome in a Brazil-Paraguay-Bolivia border region: Clinical features of cases diagnosed between 2015 and 2018. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223408. [PMID: 31584972 PMCID: PMC6777783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is a unique pattern of congenital abnormalities found in fetuses and neonates infected with the Zika virus (ZIKV). Here, we clinically identify and characterize infants with CZS between 2015 and 2018 in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil-a border area with Paraguay and Bolivia. This cross-sectional study, based on primary and secondary data, tracks the cases registered in the Brazilian Public Health Reporting System through the following stages: (1) preliminary data analysis, (2) identification of the congenital syndrome cases, (3) etiologic classification of the cases, (4) active search, and (5) clinical assessment. Of the 72 investigated cases, 16 were probable cases of CZS. Of these, it was only possible to clinically assess 11 infants. Considering the 16 probable cases of CZS, nine were classified as confirmed cases, and five as potential cases of the syndrome. Regarding clinical features, brain palsy was identified in all analyzed infants. Moreover, microcephaly and pseudobulbar syndrome were found in eight infants, and hydrocephalus was found in three individuals. In addition to these conditions, seven children were malnourished. Our study may provide significant insights for other researches that aim to elucidate CZS and its clinical and populational consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Antonio Venancio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | | | | | - Neuma Rocha Chaves
- Coordenadoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde Pública de Campo Grande, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Everton Falcão de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
- Instituto Integrado de Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
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65
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Casazza RL, Lazear HM, Miner JJ. Protective and Pathogenic Effects of Interferon Signaling During Pregnancy. Viral Immunol 2019; 33:3-11. [PMID: 31545139 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune regulation at the maternal-fetal interface is complex due to conflicting immunological objectives: protection of the fetus from maternal pathogens and prevention of immune-mediated rejection of the semiallogeneic fetus and placenta. Interferon (IFN) signaling plays an important role in restricting congenital infections as well as in the physiology of healthy pregnancies. In this review, we discuss the antiviral and pathogenic effects of type I IFN (IFN-α, IFN-β), type II IFN (IFN-γ), and type III IFN (IFN-λ) during pregnancy, with an emphasis on mouse and non-human primate models of congenital Zika virus infection. In the context of these animal model systems, we examine the role of IFN signaling during healthy pregnancy. Finally, we review mechanisms by which dysregulated type I IFN responses contribute to poor pregnancy outcomes in humans with autoimmune disease, including interferonopathies and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Casazza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Helen M Lazear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan J Miner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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66
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A protective Zika virus E-dimer-based subunit vaccine engineered to abrogate antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue infection. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1291-1298. [PMID: 31477918 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Infections with dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) can induce cross-reactive antibody responses. Two immunodominant epitopes-one to precursor membrane protein and one to the fusion loop epitope on envelope (E) protein-are recognized by cross-reactive antibodies1-3 that are not only poorly neutralizing, but can also promote increased viral replication and disease severity via Fcγ receptor-mediated infection of myeloid cells-a process termed antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)1,4,5. ADE is a significant concern for both ZIKV and DENV vaccines as the induction of poorly neutralizing cross-reactive antibodies may prime an individual for ADE on natural infection. In this report, we describe the design and production of covalently stabilized ZIKV E dimers, which lack precursor membrane protein and do not expose the immunodominant fusion loop epitope. Immunization of mice with ZIKV E dimers induces dimer-specific antibodies, which protect against ZIKV challenge during pregnancy. Importantly, the ZIKV E-dimer-induced response does not cross-react with DENV or induce ADE of DENV infection.
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67
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Cáceres Munar BA, Castellanos Parra JE, Rodríguez Panduro MH. Amplificación de la infección dependiente de anticuerpos en la inmunopatogénesis del dengue grave, implicaciones para el desarrollo y uso de las vacunas. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v24n3.79410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actualmente, la infección por el virus de dengue (DENV) es uno de los problemas más importantes de salud pública en países tropicales y endémicos como Colombia, pues en tanto puede ser producida por cuatro diferentes serotipos virales, durante las infecciones secundarias se presentan frecuentemente cuadros más severos que incluso pueden llevar a desenlaces fatales. El centro de la fisiopatología del dengue grave es el daño producido al endotelio, que se traduce en un aumento en la permeabilidad vascular que se evidencia como fuga plasmática, descontrol en la coagulación y daño de órganos. Aunque hay varias teorías que explican la enfermedad severa, el fenómeno denominado amplificación de la infección dependiente de anticuerpos (antibody dependent enhancement, ADE) es el más conocido. En este, se postula que el virus causante de una infección secundaria es reconocido, pero no neutralizado, por anticuerpos generados en la infección previa e internalizado en las células susceptibles usando receptores Fc-gamma, lo cual aumenta la replicación viral e induce modificaciones en la respuesta inmune celular que contribuyen al desarrollo de dengue grave. En este escrito, se realiza una revisión de los hallazgos sobre los mecanismos involucrados en el fenómeno de ADE y cómo pueden contribuir a la progresión hacia dengue grave, describiendo los conceptos de ADE extrínseco e intrínseco, además de como este fenómeno debe ser tenido en cuenta para el diseño, desarrollo e implementación de una vacuna para dengue, en tanto es capaz de afectar su eficacia y seguridad.
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68
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Lima MC, de Mendonça LR, Rezende AM, Carrera RM, Aníbal-Silva CE, Demers M, D'Aiuto L, Wood J, Chowdari KV, Griffiths M, Lucena-Araujo AR, Barral-Netto M, Azevedo EAN, Alves RW, Farias PCS, Marques ETA, Castanha PMS, Donald CL, Kohl A, Nimgaonkar VL, Franca RFO. The Transcriptional and Protein Profile From Human Infected Neuroprogenitor Cells Is Strongly Correlated to Zika Virus Microcephaly Cytokines Phenotype Evidencing a Persistent Inflammation in the CNS. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1928. [PMID: 31474994 PMCID: PMC6707094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with microcephaly, a congenital malformation resulting from neuroinflammation and direct effects of virus replication on the developing central nervous system (CNS). However, the exact changes in the affected CNS remain unknown. Here, we show by transcriptome analysis (at 48 h post-infection) and multiplex immune profiling that human induced-neuroprogenitor stem cells (hiNPCs) respond to ZIKV infection with a strong induction of type-I interferons (IFNs) and several type-I IFNs stimulated genes (ISGs), notably cytokines and the pro-apoptotic chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10. By comparing the inflammatory profile induced by a ZIKV Brazilian strain with an ancestral strain isolated from Cambodia in 2010, we observed that the response magnitude differs among them. Compared to ZIKV/Cambodia, the experimental infection of hiNPCs with ZIKV/Brazil resulted in a diminished induction of ISGs and lower induction of several cytokines (IFN-α, IL-1α/β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15), consequently favoring virus replication. From ZIKV-confirmed infant microcephaly cases, we detected a similar profile characterized by the presence of IFN-α, CXCL10, and CXCL9 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected after birth, evidencing a sustained CNS inflammation. Altogether, our data suggest that the CNS may be directly affected due to an unbalanced and chronic local inflammatory response, elicited by ZIKV infection, which contributes to damage to the fetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morganna C Lima
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio M Rezende
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Carrera
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew Demers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Leonardo D'Aiuto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kodavali V Chowdari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael Griffiths
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Elisa A N Azevedo
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil
| | - Renan W Alves
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil
| | - Pablo C S Farias
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ernesto T A Marques
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil.,Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Priscila M S Castanha
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Claire L Donald
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rafael F O Franca
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil
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69
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Lin HH, Yang SP, Tsai MJ, Lin GC, Wu HC, Wu SC. Dengue and Zika Virus Domain III-Flagellin Fusion and Glycan-Masking E Antigen for Prime-Boost Immunization. Theranostics 2019; 9:4811-4826. [PMID: 31367259 PMCID: PMC6643441 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The viral E proteins of dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are the major viral proteins involved in receptor binding and fusion, and for the induction of protective antibodies against viral infections. DIII of the E proteins is an independent domain and stretches out on the virion surface that can elicit type-specific neutralizing antibodies. For recombinant DIII vaccine development, prime-boost immunizations can provide an advantage of eliciting more type-specific neutralizing antibodies by recalling DIII antigens after DIII booster to improve protection. Methods: The DIII of the E genes of DENV and ZIKV were fused with bacterial fliC gene for the expression of flagellin-DIII (FliC-DIII) fusion proteins. Prime-boost immunization strategies by the second-dose booster of four DENV serotype or ZIKV FliC-DIII fusion proteins were used to investigate the induction of neutralizing antibodies and protection against viral infections. Cross-reactive non-neutralizing antibodies in each group of antisera were also examined using in vitro antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) assay. A series of glycan-masking E antigens were finally constructed for prime-boost immunizations to abolish the elicitation of cross-reactive non-neutralizing antibodies for ADE activity. Results: We showed that inclusion of a bivalent live-attenuated vaccine with a FliC-DIII booster is superior in eliciting neutralization titers and protection in vivo against all four-serotype DENVs. We also demonstrated that recombinant adenovirus vectors encoding four-serotype DENV prMEs with a FliC-DIII prime-boost scheme is capable of eliciting good antibody responses. In contract, recombinant adenovirus vector of ZIKV prME gene priming, followed by ZIKV FliC-DIII booster did not improve vaccine efficacy. The glycan-masking mutation on the ZIKV E protein ij loop (E-248NHT), but not on DENV2 E protein ij loop (E-242NHT), resulted in abolishing the elicitation of cross-reactive antibodies for DENV and ZIKV infection enhancements. Conclusions: Our findings can provide useful information for designing novel immunogens and vaccination strategies in an attempt to develop a safe and efficacious DENV or ZIKV vaccine.
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70
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Khaiboullina SF, Ribeiro FM, Uppal T, Martynova EV, Rizvanov AA, Verma SC. Zika Virus Transmission Through Blood Tissue Barriers. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1465. [PMID: 31333605 PMCID: PMC6621930 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas and the Caribbean revealed a new deadly strain of the mosquito-borne virus, which has never been associated with previous outbreaks in Asia. For the first time, widespread ZIKV infection was shown to cause microcephaly and death of newborns, which was most likely due to the mutation acquired during the large outbreak recorded in French Polynesia in 2013–2014. Productive ZIKV replication and persistence has been demonstrated in placenta and fetal brains. Possible association between ZIKV and microcephaly and fetal death has been confirmed using immunocompetent mouse models in vitro and in vivo. Having crossed the placenta, ZIKV directly targets neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in developing human fetus and triggers apoptosis. The embryonic endothelial cells are exceptionally susceptible to ZIKV infection, which causes cell death and tissue necrosis. On the contrary, ZIKV infection does not affect the adult brain microvascular cell morphology and blood–brain barrier function. ZIKV is transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquito bite and is introduced into the placenta/blood through replication at the site of the entry. Also, virus can be transmitted through unprotected sex. Although, multiple possible routes of virus infection have been identified, the exact mechanism(s) utilized by ZIKV to cross the placenta still remain largely unknown. In this review, the current understanding of ZIKV infection and transmission through the placental and brain barriers is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana F Khaiboullina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States.,Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Fabiola M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Timsy Uppal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Ekaterina V Martynova
- Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
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71
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Shim BS, Kwon YC, Ricciardi MJ, Stone M, Otsuka Y, Berri F, Kwal JM, Magnani DM, Jackson CB, Richard AS, Norris P, Busch M, Curry CL, Farzan M, Watkins D, Choe H. Zika Virus-Immune Plasmas from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Individuals Enhance Zika Pathogenesis in Adult and Pregnant Mice. mBio 2019; 10:e00758-19. [PMID: 31266863 PMCID: PMC6606798 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00758-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preexisting immunity against dengue virus or West Nile virus was previously reported to mediate antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in a mouse model. We show here that ZIKV-immune plasma samples from both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals mediated ZIKV ADE of infection in vitro and in mice. In a lethal infection model with a viral inoculum 10 times higher, both ADE and protection were observed, depending on the amount of infused immune plasma. In a vertical-transmission model, ZIKV-immune plasma infused to timed pregnant mice increased fetal demise and decreased the body weight of surviving fetuses. Depletion of IgG from an immune plasma abolished ADE of infection, and the presence of purified IgG alone mediated ADE of infection. Higher viral loads and proinflammatory cytokines were detected in mice treated with ZIKV-immune plasma samples compared to those receiving control plasma. Together, these data show that passive immunization with homotypic ZIKV antibodies, depending on the concentration, could either worsen or limit a subsequent ZIKV infection.IMPORTANCE Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of virus infection is common to many viruses and is problematic when plasma antibody levels decline to subneutralizing concentrations. ADE of infection is especially important among flaviviruses, many of which are the cause of global health problems. Recently, human plasma samples immune to heterologous flaviviruses were shown to promote Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Here we showed in immunocompromised mouse models that homologous immune plasma samples protect mice from subsequent infection at high antibody concentrations but that they mediate ADE of infection and increase ZIKV pathogenesis in adult mice and fetal demise during pregnancy at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Shik Shim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Young-Chan Kwon
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Ricciardi
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Viral Reference Laboratory and Repository Core, Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuka Otsuka
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Fatma Berri
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Kwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Diogo M Magnani
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Cody B Jackson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Audrey S Richard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Philip Norris
- Viral Reference Laboratory and Repository Core, Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Busch
- Viral Reference Laboratory and Repository Core, Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christine L Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Farzan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - David Watkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hyeryun Choe
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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72
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Human Monoclonal Antibodies Potently Neutralize Zika Virus and Select for Escape Mutations on the Lateral Ridge of the Envelope Protein. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00405-19. [PMID: 31043537 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00405-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) has been causing epidemic outbreaks on a global scale. Virus infection can result in severe disease in humans, including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Here, we characterized monoclonal antibodies isolated from a patient with an active Zika virus infection that potently neutralized virus infection in Vero cells at the nanogram-per-milliliter range. In addition, these antibodies enhanced internalization of virions into human leukemia K562 cells in vitro, indicating their possible ability to cause antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. Escape variants of the ZIKV MR766 strain to a potently neutralizing antibody, AC10, exhibited an amino acid substitution at residue S368 in the lateral ridge region of the envelope protein. Analysis of publicly availably ZIKV sequences revealed the S368 site to be conserved among the vast majority (97.6%) of circulating strains. We validated the importance of this residue by engineering a recombinant virus with an S368R point mutation that was unable to be fully neutralized by AC10. Four out of the 12 monoclonal antibodies tested were also unable to neutralize the virus with the S368R mutation, suggesting this region to be an important immunogenic epitope during human infection. Last, a time-of-addition infection assay further validated the escape variant and showed that all monoclonal antibodies inhibited virus binding to the cell surface. Thus, the present study demonstrates that the lateral ridge region of the envelope protein is likely an immunodominant, neutralizing epitope.IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is a global health threat causing severe disease in humans, including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Here, we analyzed the human monoclonal antibody response to acute ZIKV infection and found that neutralizing antibodies could not elicit Fc-mediated immune effector functions but could potentiate antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. We further identified critical epitopes involved with neutralization by generating and characterizing escape variants by whole-genome sequencing. We demonstrate that the lateral ridge region, particularly the S368 amino acid site, is critical for neutralization by domain III-specific antibodies.
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73
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Dengue and Zika: The Complexities of Being Related. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:467-469. [PMID: 31072687 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Following the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the Americas, a major question that has arisen is how dengue virus (DENV) immunity impacts Zika virus infection and disease. A recent study (Rodriguez-Barraquer, I. et al. Science 2019;363:607-610) shows that DENV immunity is, for the most part, protective against ZIKV, but exceptions may exist.
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74
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Collins MH. Serologic Tools and Strategies to Support Intervention Trials to Combat Zika Virus Infection and Disease. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:E68. [PMID: 31010134 PMCID: PMC6632022 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that recently caused a large epidemic in Latin America characterized by novel disease phenotypes, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, sexual transmission, and congenital anomalies, such as microcephaly. This epidemic, which was declared an international public health emergency by the World Health Organization, has highlighted shortcomings in our current understanding of, and preparation for, emerging infectious diseases in general, as well as challenges that are specific to Zika virus infection. Vaccine development for Zika virus has been a high priority of the public health response, and several candidates have shown promise in pre-clinical and early phase clinical trials. The optimal selection and implementation of imperfect serologic assays are among the crucial issues that must be addressed in order to advance Zika vaccine development. Here, I review key considerations for how best to incorporate into Zika vaccine trials the existing serologic tools, as well as those on the horizon. Beyond that, this discussion is relevant to other intervention strategies to combat Zika and likely other emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Collins
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, GA 30030, USA.
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75
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Souza INO, Barros-Aragão FGQ, Frost PS, Figueiredo CP, Clarke JR. Late Neurological Consequences of Zika Virus Infection: Risk Factors and Pharmaceutical Approaches. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E60. [PMID: 30999590 PMCID: PMC6631207 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was historically considered a disease with mild symptoms and no major consequences to human health. However, several long-term, late onset, and chronic neurological complications, both in congenitally-exposed babies and in adult patients, have been reported after ZIKV infection, especially after the 2015 epidemics in the American continent. The development or severity of these conditions cannot be fully predicted, but it is possible that genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors may contribute to determine ZIKV infection outcomes. This reinforces the importance that individuals exposed to ZIKV are submitted to long-term clinical surveillance and highlights the urgent need for the development of therapeutic approaches to reduce or eliminate the neurological burden of infection. Here, we review the epidemiology of ZIKV-associated neurological complications and the role of factors that may influence disease outcome. Moreover, we discuss experimental and clinical evidence of drugs that have shown promising results in vitro or in vitro against viral replication and and/or ZIKV-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis N O Souza
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda G Q Barros-Aragão
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| | - Paula S Frost
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| | - Claudia P Figueiredo
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| | - Julia R Clarke
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
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76
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Krol E, Brzuska G, Szewczyk B. Production and Biomedical Application of Flavivirus-like Particles. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1202-1216. [PMID: 31003718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family are transmitted by invertebrate vectors. Among those transmitted by mosquitos, there are many human pathogens of great medical importance, such as Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus, Zika virus, or yellow fever virus. Millions of people contract mosquito-borne diseases each year, leading to thousands of deaths. Co-circulation of genetically similar flaviviruses in the same areas result in the generation of crossreactive antibodies, which is of serious concern for the development of effective vaccines and diagnostic tests. This review provides comprehensive insight into the potential use of virus-like particles as safe and effective antigens in both diagnostics tests, as well as in the development of vaccines against several mosquito-borne flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Krol
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Gabriela Brzuska
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
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77
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Pre-Clinical Pregnancy Models for Evaluating Zika Vaccines. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:tropicalmed4020058. [PMID: 30959955 PMCID: PMC6630727 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can result in a variety of developmental abnormalities in the fetus, referred to as Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). The effects of CZS can range from the loss of the viable fetus to a variety of neurological defects in full-term infants, including microcephaly. The clinical importance of ZIKV-induced CZS has driven an intense effort to develop effective vaccines. Consequently, there are approximately 45 different ZIKV vaccine candidates at various stages of development with several undergoing phase I and II clinical trials. These vaccine candidates have been shown to effectively prevent infection in adult animal models, however, there has been less extensive testing for their ability to block vertical transmission to the fetus during pregnancy or prevent the development of CZS. In addition, it is becoming increasingly difficult to test vaccines in the field as the intensity of the ZIKV epidemic has declined precipitously, making clinical endpoint studies difficult. These ethical and practical challenges in determining efficacy of ZIKV vaccine candidates in preventing CZS have led to increased emphasis on pre-clinical testing in animal pregnancy models. Here we review the current status of pre-clinical pregnancy models for testing the ability of ZIKV vaccines to prevent CZS.
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