51
|
Bakadia BM, Boni BOO, Ahmed AAQ, Yang G. The impact of oxidative stress damage induced by the environmental stressors on COVID-19. Life Sci 2021; 264:118653. [PMID: 33115606 PMCID: PMC7586125 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a substantial stressor that is greatly impacting environmental sustainability. Besides, the different pre-existing environmental stressors and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related stressors are further worsening the effects of the viral disease by inducing the generation of oxidative stress. The generated oxidative stress results in nucleic acid damage associated with viral mutations, that could potentially reduce the effectiveness of COVID-19 management, including the vaccine approach. The current review is aimed to overview the impact of the oxidative stress damage induced by various environmental stressors on COVID-19. The available data regarding the COVID-19-related stressors and the effects of oxidative stress damage induced by the chronic stress, exposure to free radicals, and malnutrition are also analyzed to showcase the promising options, which could be investigated further for sustainable control of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianza Moise Bakadia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Biaou Oscar Ode Boni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Food Security during the Pandemic and the Importance of the Bioeconomy in the New Era. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in managing the food sector during a pandemic crisis is sustaining a robust food security system and adopting the right strategies in correlating the consumers’ needs and requirements with those of food safety, the producers, the distribution chain, the economic environment, and waste management. The restrictions on people’s global movement, commodities, and services and the measures taken to reduce the spread of COVID-19 have disrupted food environments around the world and forced us to collectively redesign and optimize our systems using existing resources from a more sustainable perspective. This paper offers an overview of the implications of COVID-19 for the food supply chain and discusses several potential strategies for tackling short- and long-term adverse effects resulting from the pandemic.
Collapse
|
53
|
Mechanick JI, Carbone S, Dickerson RN, Hernandez BJD, Hurt RT, Irving SY, Li DY, McCarthy MS, Mogensen KM, Gautier JBO, Patel JJ, Prewitt TE, Rosenthal M, Warren M, Winkler MF, McKeever L. Clinical Nutrition Research and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of the ASPEN COVID-19 Task Force on Nutrition Research. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 45:13-31. [PMID: 33094848 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this scoping review by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Nutrition Task Force was to examine nutrition research applicable to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid pace of emerging scientific information has prompted this activity to discover research/knowledge gaps. This methodology adhered with recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute. There were 2301 citations imported. Of these, there were 439 articles fully abstracted, with 23 main topic areas identified across 24 article types and sourced across 61 countries and 51 specialties in 8 settings and among 14 populations. Epidemiological/mechanistic relationships between nutrition and COVID-19 were reviewed and results mapped to the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Time (PICO-T) questions. The aggregated data were analyzed by clinical stage: pre-COVID-19, acute COVID-19, and chronic/post-COVID-19. Research gaps were discovered for all PICO-T questions. Nutrition topics meriting urgent research included food insecurity/societal infrastructure and transcultural factors (pre-COVID-19); cardiometabolic-based chronic disease, pediatrics, nutrition support, and hospital infrastructure (acute COVID-19); registered dietitian nutritionist counseling (chronic/post-COVID-19); and malnutrition and management (all stages). The paucity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was particularly glaring. Knowledge gaps were discovered for PICO-T questions on pediatrics, micronutrients, bariatric surgery, and transcultural factors (pre-COVID-19); enteral nutrition, protein-energy requirements, and glycemic control with nutrition (acute COVID-19); and home enteral and parenteral nutrition support (chronic/post-COVID-19). In conclusion, multiple critical areas for urgent nutrition research were identified, particularly using RCT design, to improve nutrition care for patients before, during, and after COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Mechanick
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart, and, Metabolic Support, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Roland N Dickerson
- Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Clinical Coordinator and Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Nutrition Support Service, Regional One Health, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Ryan T Hurt
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sharon Y Irving
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ding-You Li
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Missouri, Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Kris M Mogensen
- Department of Nutrition, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jayshil J Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - T Elaine Prewitt
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Martin Rosenthal
- Acute Care Surgery Team, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Malissa Warren
- VA Portland HealthCare System, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Marion F Winkler
- Department of Surgery and Nutritional Support Service, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Liam McKeever
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Pérez-López A, Caverni-Muñoz A, Trocoli-González F, Sanjurjo-Amado A, Barril-Cuadrado G. Recomendaciones dietéticas para pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica e infección por SARS-CoV-2. ENFERMERÍA NEFROLÓGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.37551/s2254-28842020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
La prevalencia de malnutrición en paciente con Enfermedad Renal Crónica es elevada, aumentando en pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2. La relación existente entre inflamación y nutrición es conocida en la enfermedad renal, por lo que la presencia previa de cuadros de malnutrición empeora el pronóstico de la infección.El objetivo del presente artículo es la creación de recomendaciones dietéticas específicas para pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica e infección o post- infección por SARS-CoV-2, adaptadas al estadio de enfermedad y a la etapa del proceso de infección.El abordaje nutricional comienza por la valoración del estado nutricional, para lo que se recomiendan minimizar el contacto físico mediante la utilización de los criterios Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), y el cuestionario rápido de sarcopenia (SARC-F).Las recomendaciones dietéticas deben considerar el estadio de enfermedad renal crónica, la etapa de infección por SARS-CoV-2 y las complicaciones surgidas que comprometan la ingesta oral, entre las más comunes se encuentran: anorexia, ageusia, disfagia y diarrea. En el presente documento se han elaborado tablas de raciones de ingestas diarias adaptadas a las diferentes situaciones. En aquellos pacientes que no cubran los requerimientos nutricionales se recomienda comenzar con la suplementación nutricional de manera precoz, considerando las consecuencias de la infección descrita.Debido al elevado riesgo de malnutrición en pacientes con enfermedad renal cónica e infección por SARS-CoV-2, se recomienda la adaptación de la valoración del estado nutricional y su tratamiento, así como realizar una monitorización tras la fase de infección activa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Caverni-Muñoz
- Miembro del Grupo de Nutrición de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Madrid. España. Servicio de dietética. Asociación de Enfermos Renales. Alcer Ebro. Zaragoza. España
| | - Filo Trocoli-González
- Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Universitario La Paz. IdiPaz. Madrid. España. Miembro del Grupo de Nutrición de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Madrid. España
| | - Ana Sanjurjo-Amado
- Miembro del Grupo de Nutrición de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Madrid. España. Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Da Costa Burela. Lugo. España
| | - Guillermina Barril-Cuadrado
- Miembro del Grupo de Nutrición de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Madrid. España. Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Universitario La Princesa. Madrid. España
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Silva DFO, Lima SCVC, Sena-Evangelista KCM, Marchioni DM, Cobucci RN, de Andrade FB. Nutritional Risk Screening Tools for Older Adults with COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2956. [PMID: 32992538 PMCID: PMC7599513 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high risk of malnutrition, primarily in older people; assessing nutritional risk using appropriate screening tools is critical. This systematic review identified applicable tools and assessed their measurement properties. Literature was searched in the MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS databases. Four studies conducted in China met the eligibility criteria. Sample sizes ranged from six to 182, and participants' ages from 65 to 87 years. Seven nutritional screening and assessment tools were used: the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), the MNA-short form (MNA-sf), the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), the Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), the Geriatric NRI (GNRI), and modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically ill (mNUTRIC) score. Nutritional risk was identified in 27.5% to 100% of participants. The NRS-2002, MNA, MNA-sf, NRI, and MUST demonstrated high sensitivity; the MUST had better specificity. The MNA and MUST demonstrated better criterion validity. The MNA-sf demonstrated better predictive validity for poor appetite and weight loss; the NRS-2002 demonstrated better predictive validity for prolonged hospitalization. mNUTRIC score demonstrated good predictive validity for hospital mortality. Most instruments demonstrate high sensitivity for identifying nutritional risk, but none are acknowledged as the best for nutritional screening in older adults with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dirce Maria Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo—USP, São Paulo 05410-020, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo Ney Cobucci
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Potiguar University—UnP, Natal 59056-000, Brazil;
| | - Fábia Barbosa de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte—UFRN, Natal 59056-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Devecchi
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Mirko Ippolito
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio D Merlo
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy -
| | - Costanza Pira
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Farnaz Rahimi
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Body Composition Findings by Computed Tomography in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: Increased Risk of Muscle Wasting in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134670. [PMID: 32630032 PMCID: PMC7370146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a characteristic of COVID-19 patients and the risk of malnutrition can be underestimated due to excess of fat: a paradoxical danger. Long ICU hospitalization exposes patients to a high risk of wasting and loss of lean body mass. The complex management precludes the detection of anthropometric parameters for the definition and monitoring of the nutritional status. The use of imaging diagnostics for body composition could help to recognize and treat patients at increased risk of wasting with targeted pathways. COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU underwent computed tomography within 24 h and about 20 days later, to evaluate the parameters of the body and liver composition. The main results were the loss of the lean mass index and a greater increase in liver attenuation in obese subjects. These could be co-caused by COVID-19, prolonged bed rest, the complex medical nutritional therapy, and the starting condition of low-grade inflammation of the obese. The assessment of nutritional status, with body composition applied to imaging diagnostics and metabolic profiles in COVID-19, will assist in prescribing appropriate medical nutritional therapy. This will reduce recovery times and complications caused by frailty.
Collapse
|