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Pharmacological Potential of Small Molecules for Treating Corneal Neovascularization. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153468. [PMID: 32751576 PMCID: PMC7435801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Under healthy conditions, the cornea is an avascular structure which allows for transparency and optimal visual acuity. Its avascular nature is maintained by a balance of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. An imbalance of these factors can result in abnormal blood vessel proliferation into the cornea. This corneal neovascularization (CoNV) can stem from a variety of insults including hypoxia and ocular surface inflammation caused by trauma, infection, chemical burns, and immunological diseases. CoNV threatens corneal transparency, resulting in permanent vision loss. Mainstay treatments of CoNV have partial efficacy and associated side effects, revealing the need for novel treatments. Numerous natural products and synthetic small molecules have shown potential in preclinical studies in vivo as antiangiogenic therapies for CoNV. Such small molecules include synthetic inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor and other tyrosine kinases, plus repurposed antimicrobials, as well as natural source-derived flavonoid and non-flavonoid phytochemicals, immunosuppressants, vitamins, and histone deacetylase inhibitors. They induce antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of VEGF, NF-κB, and other growth factor receptor pathways. Here, we review the potential of small molecules, both synthetics and natural products, targeting these and other molecular mechanisms, as antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of CoNV.
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The FAAH Inhibitor URB597 Modulates Lipid Mediators in the Brain of Rats with Spontaneous Hypertension. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071022. [PMID: 32664225 PMCID: PMC7407381 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is accompanied by oxidative stress, which can be modified by the functioning of the endocannabinoid system playing a prominent modulatory role in the brain. The present study tested whether chronic administration of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor [3-(3-carbamoylphenyl) phenyl]N-cyclohexylcarbamate (URB597) to rats with primary hypertension (SHR) can modify redox balance and consequently brain phospholipid metabolism. Experiments were conducted using SHRs and normotensive control Wistar–Kyoto rats treated by intraperitoneal injection with URB597 for 14 days. The biochemical parameters were assayed in the rats’ brains. Inhibition of FAAH activity by URB597 resulted in an increase in anandamide and GPR55 receptor levels, as well as a decrease in CB2 receptor expression. However, there was a simultaneous increase in Nrf2 expression, as well as Cu, Zn-SOD, GSH-Px, glutathione reductase activity, and vitamin E levels in brain tissue of SHR rats. Consequently, URB597 caused a decrease in levels of phospholipid fatty acids and MDA, and an increase in free fatty acids. Given the importance of maintaining redox balance for brain function, the results of this study point to endocannabinoids as a potential therapeutic target for preventing brain metabolic disorders in hypertension.
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Wasserman AH, Venkatesan M, Aguirre A. Bioactive Lipid Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease, Development, and Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:E1391. [PMID: 32503253 PMCID: PMC7349721 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death globally. Understanding and characterizing the biochemical context of the cardiovascular system in health and disease is a necessary preliminary step for developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring cardiovascular function. Bioactive lipids are a class of dietary-dependent, chemically heterogeneous lipids with potent biological signaling functions. They have been intensively studied for their roles in immunity, inflammation, and reproduction, among others. Recent advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques have revealed a staggering number of novel bioactive lipids, most of them unknown or very poorly characterized in a biological context. Some of these new bioactive lipids play important roles in cardiovascular biology, including development, inflammation, regeneration, stem cell differentiation, and regulation of cell proliferation. Identifying the lipid signaling pathways underlying these effects and uncovering their novel biological functions could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies aimed at CVD and cardiovascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H. Wasserman
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Nandi A, Wadhwani N, Randhir K, Wagh G, Joshi SR. Association of vitamin D with fatty acids in pregnancy. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 157:102030. [PMID: 31753523 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication, associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The etiology of preeclampsia is not yet fully understood, although the current literature indicates an up regulation of inflammatory mediators. Vitamin D is known to have anti-inflammatory properties and influence vascular function. Fatty acids are also known to regulate inflammation in pregnancy. This study was carried out to explore the association of maternal vitamin D and fatty acids in pregnancy. The present study includes 69 normotensive control (NC) and 50 women with preeclampsia (PE). Maternal and cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were lower (p<0.01for both) in women with PE compared to NC women. Maternal plasma total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels were lower (p<0.05) while levels of total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were higher (p<0.05 for both) in women with PE. Cord erythrocyte PUFA levels were higher (p<0.01) in PE women. Maternal 25(OH)D levels were negatively associated with maternal systolic and diastolic BP (p<0.01 for both). Maternal 25(OH)D levels were positively associated with maternal total PUFA (p<0.01) and negatively associated with maternal total SFA (p<0.05), total MUFA (p<0.01). This study for the first time demonstrates an association of maternal vitamin D with fatty acid levels in pregnancy. Our results suggest that vitamin D and fatty acids may work in concert to regulate fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nandi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India
| | - N Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India
| | - K Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India
| | - G Wagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India
| | - S R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
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Ding D, Li YH, Xiao ML, Dong HL, Lin JS, Chen GD, Chen ZY, Tang XY, Chen YM. Erythrocyte Membrane Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Associated with Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Elderly People-An 8.8-Year Prospective Study. J Nutr 2020; 150:1488-1498. [PMID: 32167145 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The total and specific types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We assessed the association of erythrocyte n-3 and n-6 PUFAs with MetS and the components of MetS in a cohort population. METHODS This prospective analysis included 2754 participants (aged 40-75 y) from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (2008-2019) in China. Erythrocyte PUFAs at baseline were measured using gas chromatography. MetS was assessed every 3 y according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate HRs and 95% CIs. RESULTS We identified 716 incident cases of MetS. The primary analyses showed that the HRs (95% CIs) of MetS (tertile 3 versus 1) were 0.67 (0.56, 0.80) for n-3 PUFAs and 0.70 (0.58, 0.85) for n-6 PUFAs (all Ps trend <0.001). The secondary outcomes showed that, higher erythrocyte very-long-chain (VLC) PUFAs [20:3n-3, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), and 22:4n-6], but lower α-linolenic acid (ALA) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA), tended to be associated with lower incidences of MetS and its components; among individual MetS components, the associations of PUFAs were more pronounced for hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and hypertension, followed by low high-density lipoproten (HDL) cholesterol. Significantly higher concentrations of n-3 PUFAs (total, DPA, and DHA) and n-6 PUFAs (total, ARA, and 22:4) were observed in participants with improved (versus progressed) status of MetS (all Ps trend ≤0.003). CONCLUSION This study reveals that higher erythrocyte VLC n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, but lower 18-carbon PUFAs (ALA and GLA), are associated with lower risks of MetS components (HTG, hypertension, and low HDL cholesterol) and thereby lower MetS incidence in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian-Li Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Li Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng-Dong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Yong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase 2 Expression Is Elevated in Obese Humans and Decreased by Physical Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062056. [PMID: 32192153 PMCID: PMC7139757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) is an emerging therapeutic target in several immunometabolic disorders. EPHX2 metabolizes anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids into pro-inflammatory diols. The contribution of EPHX2 activity to human obesity remains unexplored. We compared the expression of EPHX2 between lean and obese humans (n = 20 each) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using RT-PCR, Western Blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy before and after a 3-month physical activity regimen. We also assessed EPHX2 levels during preadipocyte differentiation in humans and mice. EPHX2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly elevated in obese subjects, with concomitant elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress components (the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein; GRP78, and the Activating transcription factor 6; ATF6) and inflammatory markers (Tumor necrosis factor-α; TNFα, and Interleukin 6; IL6) as compared to controls (p < 0.05). EPHX2 mRNA levels strongly correlated with adiposity markers. In obese individuals, physical activity attenuated EPHX2 expression levels in both the SAT and PBMCs, with a parallel decrease in ER stress and inflammation markers. EPHX2 expression was also elevated during differentiation of both human primary and 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes. Mediators of cellular stress (palmitate, homocysteine, and macrophage culture medium) also increased EPHX2 expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Our findings suggest that EPHX2 upregulation is linked to ER stress in adiposity and that physical activity may attenuate metabolic stress by reducing EPHX2 expression.
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AVISHEK BISWAS, SHARMA DIVYA, ASITBARAN MANDAL. Laying performance, immune response, serum biochemical parameters and egg quality traits of female turkeys fed diet incorporated with organic selenium. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i2.98812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of organic selenium (Se) supplementation on laying performance, immune response, serum biochemical parameters and egg quality traits of female turkeys. Female turkeys (96; 16 wks old) were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates and 6 birds each (4 × 4 × 6) for a period of 24 weeks. The basal diet (T1) contained 0 mg Se/kg diet and the three experimental diets were supplemented with 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg Se/kg diet (T2, T3 and T4 respectively). Age at sexual maturity, egg number and egg weight differed significantly in 0.4 mg Se/kg treated group (T3) than the other dietary treatment groups (T2 or T4). Humoral (29th weeks) and in vivo cell mediated immune response (30th weeks) were significantly improved in 0.4 or 0.6 mg Se treated group. Se supplemented groups, i.e. T3 and T4 decreased significantly in serum cholesterol and uric acid concentration whereas significant increase were recorded in total protein, albumin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). No significant differences were observed in serum aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) concentration among the experimental groups. Egg quality traits, viz. shape, albumin and yolk index, shell thickness did not differ significantly among Se supplemented groups, whereas albumin and yolk weight and Haugh unit score were significantly higher in 0.4 mg Se/kg treated (T3) group. Thus, this study demonstrates that that dietary supplementation of 0.4 mg/Se kg diet has a beneficial effect on laying performance, immune responses, serum biochemical and egg quality traits in laying turkeys.
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Collodel G, Castellini C, Lee JCY, Signorini C. Relevance of Fatty Acids to Sperm Maturation and Quality. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7038124. [PMID: 32089776 PMCID: PMC7025069 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7038124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Almost 50% of infertility cases are associated with human male infertility. The sperm membrane is a key structure influencing sperm morphology and function in normal and pathological conditions. The fatty acid profile determines the performance not only of sperm motility but also of acrosomal reaction and sperm-oocyte fusion. This review presents available knowledge on the role of fatty acid composition in human sperm and spermatogenesis and discusses the influence of dietary fatty acids on the sperm fatty acid profile. Recent studies in biological sciences and clinical researches in this field are also reported. The topic object of this review has potential application in medicine by identifying potential causes of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collodel
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 14, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 14, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Hari AD, Vegi NG, Das UN. Arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids induce oxidative stress to suppress proliferation of human glioma cells. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:974-983. [PMID: 32542101 PMCID: PMC7286332 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.92293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Devi Hari
- BioScience Research Centre, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, India
| | | | - Undurti N. Das
- UND Life Sciences, USA
- Corresponding author: Undurti N. Das MD, DSc, FAMS, FRSC, UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5 St, 98604, Battle Ground, USA, Phone: 2162315548, E-mail:
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Abstract
Our own studies and those of others have shown that defects in essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism occurs in age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, immune dysfunction and cancer. It has been noted that in all these disorders there could occur a defect in the activities of desaturases, cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes leading to a decrease in the formation of their long-chain products gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs) and a decrease in anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins and maresins. All these bioactive molecules are termed as bioactive lipids (BALs). This imbalance in the metabolites of EFAs leads to low-grade systemic inflammation and at times acute inflammatory events at specific local sites that trigger the development of various age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and immune dysfunction as seen in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, nephritis and other localized inflammatory conditions. This evidence implies that methods designed to restore BALs to normal can prevent age-related disorders and enhance longevity and health.
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The Combination of Whole Cell Lipidomics Analysis and Single Cell Confocal Imaging of Fluidity and Micropolarity Provides Insight into Stress-Induced Lipid Turnover in Subcellular Organelles of Pancreatic Beta Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203742. [PMID: 31627330 PMCID: PMC6833103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern omics techniques reveal molecular structures and cellular networks of tissues and cells in unprecedented detail. Recent advances in single cell analysis have further revolutionized all disciplines in cellular and molecular biology. These methods have also been employed in current investigations on the structure and function of insulin secreting beta cells under normal and pathological conditions that lead to an impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses have pointed to significant alterations in protein expression and function in beta cells exposed to diabetes like conditions (e.g., high glucose and/or saturated fatty acids levels). These nutritional overload stressful conditions are often defined as glucolipotoxic due to the progressive damage they cause to the cells. Our recent studies on the rat insulinoma-derived INS-1E beta cell line point to differential effects of such conditions in the phospholipid bilayers in beta cells. This review focuses on confocal microscopy-based detection of these profound alterations in the plasma membrane and membranes of insulin granules and lipid droplets in single beta cells under such nutritional load conditions.
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Wu Q, Xia DM, Lan F, Wang YK, Tan X, Sun JC, Wang WZ, Wang R, Peng XD, Liu M. UPLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics reveals the mechanism of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced hypertension in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4619. [PMID: 31177559 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common chronic disease, and it is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recently, the number of patients with hypertension-related complications has increased significantly, adding a heavy burden to the public health system. It is known that chronic stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and stroke. However, the impact of hypertension on the dysfunctions induced by chronic stress remains poorly understood. In this study, using LC-MS-based metabolomics, we established a chronic stress model to demonstrate the mechanisms of stress-induced hypertension. We found that 30 metabolites in chronically stressed rats were changed; of these metabolites, seven had been upregulated, and 23 had been downregulated, including amino acids, phospholipids, carnitines and fatty acids, many of which are involved in amino acid metabolism, cell membrane injury, ATP supply and inflammation. These metabolites are engaged in dysregulated pathways and will provide a targeted approach to study the mechanism of stress-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Meng Xia
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Cen Sun
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Li H, Liu Z, Liu L, Li W, Cao Z, Song Z, Yang Q, Lu A, Lu C, Liu Y. Vascular Protection of TPE-CA on Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction through AA Metabolism Modulated CYPs Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2037-2050. [PMID: 31592228 PMCID: PMC6775291 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A high concentration of homocysteine (Hcy) in plasma induces vascular endothelial dysfunction, and it may ultimately accelerate the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although several B vitamins have been clinically applied for hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) treatment, the outcomes are not satisfied due to their limited therapeutic mechanism. Hence, in order to improve the curative effect, development of new effective therapeutic strategies should be put on the agenda. Total phenolic extracts of Citrus aurantium L. (TPE-CA) is a naturally obtained phenolic mixture, mainly containing flavones, flavanones and their glycosyl derivatives, flavonols, polymethoxyflavones and coumarins. Previous reports indicated that bioactive phenolic compounds possessed potent vascular protective effects and regarded as a protective agent against CVDs. Intriguingly, the exact mechanism underlying the suppressed effects of TPE-CA on HHcy could assist in revealing their therapy on CVDs. Here, the multi-targeted synergistic mechanism of TPE-CA on HHcy-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction was uncovered in a deduced manner. TPE-CA treatment exhibited an obvious superiority than that of B vitamins treatment. Network pharmacology was employed to identify the interrelationships among compounds, potential targets and putative pathways. Further experimental validation suggested that the treatment of TPE-CA for HHcy could not only effectively reduce the Hcy level in plasma through up-regulating transsulfuration pathway in Hcy metabolism, but also restore the HHcy-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by activating cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) epoxygenase signal cascades and inhibiting CYPs hydroxylase signal cascades in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiqian Song
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hongkong, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Study on the Antihypertensive Mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Based on Intestinal Flora-Host Metabolism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5418796. [PMID: 31428172 PMCID: PMC6679867 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5418796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that the combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza (HD) had a good antihypertensive effect, but its potential mechanism remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of intestinal flora and serum metabolism induced by HD against hypertension. 16 spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided into HD group (5.9 g/kg) and model group (M) (normal saline), with eight Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats as control group (W) (normal saline). Rats were fed by gavage once a day for 28 days. The changes of intestinal flora and serum metabolism were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS assay. HD decreased blood pressure steadily, improved the structure and composition of imbalance flora in SHRs, increased the abundance and diversity of flora, and decreased flora Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. Rumen bacterium NK4A214, Clostridium sp. MC 40 increased remarkably in M group. Akkermansia, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Lactobacillus intestinalis increased significantly in HD group, which were functionally related to the significant increase of Lachnoclostridium, Faecalibaculum, and Lactobacillus reuteri in W group, which were all probiotics producing butyric acid, lactic acid, and regulating inflammation and other antihypertensive related factors. HD also changed the serum metabolic pattern of SHRs. 16 potential biomarkers related to inflammation, vasodilation, steroid hormones, oxidative stress, and etc. changed significantly, mainly enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the dominant genius and species in three groups were highly correlated with steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism. Our research indicated that HD had a good antihypertensive effect, which may be driven by the protective intestinal flora and beneficial metabolites induced by it, and the metabolites were closely related to the changes of intestinal flora. It provided new insights for the antihypertensive mechanism of HD.
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Barooni AB, Ghorbani M, Salimi V, Alimohammadi A, Khamseh ME, Akbari H, Imani M, Nourbakhsh M, Sheikhi A, Shirian FI, Ameri M, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. Up-regulation of 15-lipoxygenase enzymes and products in functional and non-functional pituitary adenomas. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:152. [PMID: 31288808 PMCID: PMC6617742 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pituitary adenoma accounts as a complex and multifactorial intracranial neoplasm with wide range of clinical symptoms which its underlying molecular mechanism has yet to be determined. The bioactive lipid mediators received attentions toward their contribution in cancer cell proliferation, progression and death. Amongst, 15-Lipoxygense (15-Lox) enzymes and products display appealing role in cancer pathogenesis which their possible effect in pituitary adenoma tumor genesis is perused in the current study. Methods The 15-Lipoxygenses isoforms expression level was evaluated in tumor tissues of prevalent functional and non-functional pituitary adenomas and normal pituitary tissues via Real-Time PCR. The circulating levels of 15(S) HETE and 13(S) HODE as 15-Lox main products were assessed in serum of patients and healthy subjects using enzyme immunoassay kits. Results Our results revealed that 15-Lox-1 and 15-Lox-2 expression levels were elevated in tumor tissues of pituitary adenomas comparing to normal pituitary tissues. The elevated levels of both isoforms were accompanied with 15(S) HETE and 13(S) HODE elevation in the serum of patients. The 15-Lox-1 expression and activity was higher in invasive tumors as well as tumors with bigger size indicating the possible pro-tumorigenic role of 15-Lox-1, more than 15-Lox-2 in pituitary adenomas. The diagnostic value of 15-Lipoxygense isoforms and products were considerable between patients and healthy groups. Conclusion The possible involvement of 15-Lipoxygense pathway especially 15-Lox-1 in the regulation of pituitary tumor growth and progression may open up new molecular mechanism regarding pituitary adenoma pathogenesis and might shed light on its new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaleh Bayat Barooni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad E Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Akbari
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Imani
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sheikhi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Izak Shirian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ameri
- Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kaur B, Kaur M, Kaur N, Garg S, Bhatti R, Singh P. Engineered Substrate for Cyclooxygenase-2: A Pentapeptide Isoconformational to Arachidonic Acid for Managing Inflammation. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6363-6376. [PMID: 31244108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the conventional mode of working of anti-inflammatory agents through enzyme inhibition, herein, COX-2 was provided with an alternate substrate. A proline-centered pentapeptide isoconformational to arachidonic acid, which exhibited appreciable selectivity for COX-2, overcoming acetic acid- and formalin-induced pain in rats to almost 80%, was treated as a substrate by the enzyme. Remarkably, COX-2 metabolized the pentapeptide into small fragments consisting mainly of di- and tripeptides that ensured the safe breakdown of the peptide under in vivo conditions. The kinetic parameter Kcat/Km for COX-2-mediated metabolism of the peptide (6.3 × 105 M-1 s-1) was quite similar to 9.5 × 105 M-1 s-1 for arachidonic acid. Evidenced by the molecular dynamic studies and the use of Y385F COX-2, it was observed that the breakage of the pentapeptide has probably been taken place through H-bond activation of the peptide bond by the side chains of Y385 and S530.
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Das UN. Vitamin C for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:11-14. [PMID: 31349946 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It is suggested that supplementation of vitamin C reduces hyperglycemia and lowers blood pressure in hypertensives by enhacing the formation of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), PGI2 (prostacyclin), endothelial nitric oxide (eNO), and restore essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism to normal and enhance the formation of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a potent anti-inflammatory, vasodilator and antioxidant. These actions are in addition to the ability of vitamin C to function as an antioxidant. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that PGE1, PGI2 and NO have cytoprotective and genoprotective actions and thus, protect pancreatic β and vascular endotheilial cells from the cytotoxic actions of endogenous and exogenous toxins. AA, the precursor of LXA4 and LXA4 have potent anti-diabetic actions and their plasma tissue concentrations are decreased in those with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Thus, vitamin C by augmenting the formation of PGE1, PGI2, eNO, LXA4 and restoring AA content to normal may function as a cytoprotective, anti-mutagenic, vasodilator and platelet anti-agregator actions that explains its benefical action in type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, GVP Hospital and Medical College, Visakhapatnam, India; BioScience Research Centre, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, India.
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Eynard AR, Repossi G. Role of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy: a morphological and metabolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage, autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:114. [PMID: 31092270 PMCID: PMC6521493 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision disorders are one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting the quality of life of patients and eventually cause blindness. The ocular lesions in diabetes mellitus are located mainly in the blood vessels and retina layers. Different retina lesions could be grouped under the umbrella term of diabetic retinopathies (DMRP). We propose that one of the main causes in the etiopathogenesis of the DMRP consists of a progressive loss of the selective permeability of blood retinal barriers (BRB). The loss of selective permeability of blood retinal barriers will cause a progressive autoimmune process. Prolonged autoimmune injures in the retinal territory will triggers and maintains a low-grade chronic inflammation process, microvascular alterations, glial proliferation and subsequent fibrosis and worse, progressive apoptosis of the photoreceptor neurons. Patients with long-standing DM disturbances in retinal BRBs suffer of alterations in the enzymatic pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), increase release of free radicals and pro-inflammatory molecules and subsequently incremented levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. These facts can produce retinal edema and photoreceptor apoptosis. Experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidences showing that adequate metabolic and alimentary controls and constant practices of healthy life may avoid, retard or make less severe the appearance of DMRP. Considering the high demand for PUFAs ω3 by photoreceptor complexes of the retina, it seems advisable to take fish oil supplements (2 g per day). The cellular, subcellular and molecular basis of the propositions exposed above is developed in this article. Synthesizer drawings the most relevant findings of the ultrastructural pathology, as well as the main metabolic pathways of the PUFAs involved in balance and disbalanced conditions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo R Eynard
- Instituto de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Gaston Repossi
- Instituto de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina.
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Nawaz IM, Rezzola S, Cancarini A, Russo A, Costagliola C, Semeraro F, Presta M. Human vitreous in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Characterization and translational implications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 72:100756. [PMID: 30951889 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the working-age population. DR is a progressive eye disease caused by long-term accumulation of hyperglycaemia-mediated pathological alterations in the retina of diabetic patients. DR begins with asymptomatic retinal abnormalities and may progress to advanced-stage proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), characterized by neovascularization or preretinal/vitreous haemorrhages. The vitreous, a transparent gel that fills the posterior cavity of the eye, plays a vital role in maintaining ocular function. Structural and molecular alterations of the vitreous, observed during DR progression, are consequences of metabolic and functional modifications of the retinal tissue. Thus, vitreal alterations reflect the pathological events occurring at the vitreoretinal interface. These events are caused by hypoxic, oxidative, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and leukostatic conditions that occur during diabetes. Conversely, PDR vitreous can exert pathological effects on the diabetic retina, resulting in activation of a vicious cycle that contributes to disease progression. In this review, we recapitulate the major pathological features of DR/PDR, and focus on the structural and molecular changes that characterize the vitreal structure and composition during DR and progression to PDR. In PDR, vitreous represents a reservoir of pathological signalling molecules. Therefore, in this review we discuss how studying the biological activity of the vitreous in different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models can provide insights into the pathogenesis of PDR. In addition, the vitreous from PDR patients can represent a novel tool to obtain preclinical experimental evidences for the development and characterization of new therapeutic drug candidates for PDR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz M Nawaz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Cancarini
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
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Paes AMDA, Gaspar RS, Fuentes E, Wehinger S, Palomo I, Trostchansky A. Lipid Metabolism and Signaling in Platelet Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1127:97-115. [PMID: 31140174 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11488-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modern society has changed its diet composition, transitioning to a higher intake of saturated fat with a 50% increase of cardiovascular risk (CVD). Within the context of increased CVD, there is an induction of a prothrombotic phenotype mainly due to increased platelet reactivity as well as decreased platelet response to inhibitors. Platelets maintain haemostasis through both blood components and endothelial cells that secrete inhibitory or stimulatory molecules to regulate thrombus formation. There exist a correlation between platelets' polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the increase in platelet reactivity. The aim of this chapter is to review the metabolism of the main PUFAs involved in platelet function associated with the role that their enzyme-derived oxidized metabolites exert in platelet function and fate. Finally, how lipid metabolism in the organism affect platelet aggregation and activation and the pharmacological modulation of these processes will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Renato Simões Gaspar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sergio Wehinger
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Hua YL, Ma Q, Zhang XS, Yao WL, Ji P, Hu JJ, Wei YM. Urinary metabolomics analysis reveals the effect of volatile oil from Angelica sinensis on LPS-induced inflammation rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4402. [PMID: 30255631 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation occurs commonly and volatile oil from Angelica sinensis (VOAS) can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent. The molecular mechanisms that allow the anti-inflammatory factors to be expressed are still unknown. In this paper, we applied gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF-MS) based on a metabolomics platform coupled with a network approach to analyze urine samples in three groups of rats: one with LPS-induced inflammation (MI); one with intervention with VOAS; and normal controls (NC). Our study found definite metabolic footprints of inflammation and showed that all three groups of rats, MI, intervention with VOAS and NC have distinct metabolic profiles in urine. The concentrations of 48 metabolites differed significantly among the three groups. The metabolites in urine were screened by the GC-MS and LC-Q/TOF-MS methods. The significantly changed metabolites (p < 0.05, variable importance in projection > 1.5) between MI, NC and VOAS were included in the metabolic networks. Finally, hub metabolites were screened, including glycine, arachidonic acid, l-glutamate, pyruvate and succinate, which have high values of degree (k). the Results suggest that disorders of glycine, arachidonic acid, l-glutamate, pyruvate and succinate metabolism might play an important part in the predisposition and development of LPS-induced inflammation. By applying metabolomics with network methods, the mechanisms of diseases are clearly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Qi Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Xiao-Song Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Wan-Ling Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Yan-Ming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
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Chen CY, Kao CL, Liu CM. The Cancer Prevention, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidation of Bioactive Phytochemicals Targeting the TLR4 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092729. [PMID: 30213077 PMCID: PMC6164406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a well-known family of pattern recognition receptors that play an important role in a host immune system. TLR triggering leads to the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, driving the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, an increasing number studies have shown the link between TLRs and cancer. Among them, the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is associated with inflammatory response and cancer progression. Dietary phytochemicals are potential modulators of immunological status with various pharmacological properties including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory. Curcumin, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 1-dehydro-10-gingerdione, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), luteolin, quercetin, resveratrol, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, xanthohumol, genistein, berberine, and sulforaphane can inhibit TLR4 activation. The aim of the present review is to describe the role of the TLR4 signaling pathway between inflammatory response and cancer progression. We further introduce bioactive phytochemicals with potential anti-inflammation and chemoprevention by inhibiting TLR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Chen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Ta-Liao District, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Li Kao
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung County 92641, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ming Liu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, China.
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Das UN. Circulating MicroRNAs and Bioactive Lipids in Pre-Eclampsia and Its Cardiovascular Sequelae. Am J Hypertens 2018; 31:1079-1086. [PMID: 30052752 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, Washington, USA
- BioScience Research Centre, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, India
- Department of Medicine, GVP Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India
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