51
|
Cho YT, Su H, Wu WJ, Wu DC, Hou MF, Kuo CH, Shiea J. Biomarker Characterization by MALDI-TOF/MS. Adv Clin Chem 2015; 69:209-54. [PMID: 25934363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric techniques frequently used in clinical diagnosis, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), are discussed. Due to its ability to rapidly detect large biomolecules in trace amounts, MALDI-TOF/MS is an ideal tool for characterizing disease biomarkers in biologic samples. Clinical applications of MS for the identification and characterization of microorganisms, DNA fragments, tissues, and biofluids are introduced. Approaches for using MALDI-TOF/MS to detect various disease biomarkers including peptides, proteins, and lipids in biological fluids are further discussed. Finally, various sample pretreatment methods which improve the detection efficiency of disease biomarkers are introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tzu Cho
- Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management, Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care & Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Guenther S, Muirhead LJ, Speller AVM, Golf O, Strittmatter N, Ramakrishnan R, Goldin RD, Jones E, Veselkov K, Nicholson J, Darzi A, Takats Z. Spatially resolved metabolic phenotyping of breast cancer by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1828-37. [PMID: 25691458 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by varying responses to therapeutic agents and significant differences in long-term survival. Thus, there remains an unmet need for early diagnostic and prognostic tools and improved histologic characterization for more accurate disease stratification and personalized therapeutic intervention. This study evaluated a comprehensive metabolic phenotyping method in breast cancer tissue that uses desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI MSI), both as a novel diagnostic tool and as a method to further characterize metabolic changes in breast cancer tissue and the tumor microenvironment. In this prospective single-center study, 126 intraoperative tissue biopsies from tumor and tumor bed from 50 patients undergoing surgical resections were subject to DESI MSI. Global DESI MSI models were able to distinguish adipose, stromal, and glandular tissue based on their metabolomic fingerprint. Tumor tissue and tumor-associated stroma showed evident changes in their fatty acid and phospholipid composition compared with normal glandular and stromal tissue. Diagnosis of breast cancer was achieved with an accuracy of 98.2% based on DESI MSI data (PPV 0.96, NVP 1, specificity 0.96, sensitivity 1). In the tumor group, correlation between metabolomic profile and tumor grade/hormone receptor status was found. Overall classification accuracy was 87.7% (PPV 0.92, NPV 0.9, specificity 0.9, sensitivity 0.92). These results demonstrate that DESI MSI may be a valuable tool in the improved diagnosis of breast cancer in the future. The identified tumor-associated metabolic changes support theories of de novo lipogenesis in tumor tissue and the role of stroma tissue in tumor growth and development and overall disease prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Guenther
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J Muirhead
- Section of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail V M Speller
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ottmar Golf
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rathi Ramakrishnan
- Centre for Pathology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emrys Jones
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirill Veselkov
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Nicholson
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ara Darzi
- Section of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Huang MZ, Jhang SS, Shiea J. Electrospray laser desorption ionization (ELDI) mass spectrometry for molecular imaging of small molecules on tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1203:107-116. [PMID: 25361671 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1357-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of an ambient ionization mass spectrometry technique known as electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (ELDI/MS) for molecular imaging is described in this section. The technique requires little or no sample pretreatment and the application of matrix on sample surfaces is unnecessary. In addition, the technique is highly suitable for the analysis of hard and thick tissues compared to other molecular imaging methods because it does not require production of thin tissue slices via microtomes, which greatly simplifies the overall sample preparation procedure and prevents the redistribution of analytes during matrix desorption. In this section, the ELDI/MS technique was applied to the profiling and imaging of chemical compounds on the surfaces of dry plant slices. Analyte distribution on plant slices was obtained by moving the sample relative to a pulsed laser and an ESI capillary for analyte desorption and post-ionization, respectively. Images of specific ions on sample surfaces with resolutions of 250 μm were typically created within 4.2 h for tissues with sizes of approximately 57 mm × 10 mm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Abstract
Infrared laser ablation sample transfer (IR-LAST) is a novel ambient sampling technique for mass spectrometry. In this technique, a pulsed mid-IR laser is used to ablate materials that are collected for mass spectrometry analysis; the material can be a solid sample or deposited on a sample target. After collection, the sample can be further separated or analyzed directly by mass spectrometry. For IR-LAST sample transfer tissue imaging using MALDI mass spectrometry, a tissue section is placed on a sample slide and material transferred to a target slide by scanning the tissue sample under a focused laser beam using transmission-mode (back side) IR laser ablation. After transfer, the target slide is analyzed using MALDI imaging. The spatial resolution is approximately 400 μm and limited by the spread of the laser desorption plume. IR-LAST for MALDI imaging provides several new capabilities including ambient sampling, area to spot concentration of ablated material, multiple ablation and analysis from a single section, and direct deposition on matrix-free nanostructured targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Li L, Schug KA. Continuous-flow extractive desorption electrospray ionization coupled to normal phase separations and for direct lipid analysis from cell extracts. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2357-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Kevin A. Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Horn PJ, Chapman KD. Lipidomics in situ: Insights into plant lipid metabolism from high resolution spatial maps of metabolites. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 54:32-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
57
|
Kaftan F, Vrkoslav V, Kynast P, Kulkarni P, Böcker S, Cvačka J, Knaden M, Svatoš A. Mass spectrometry imaging of surface lipids on intact Drosophila melanogaster flies. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:223-232. [PMID: 24619548 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of neutral lipids and semiochemicals on the surface of six-day-old separately reared naive Drosophila melanogaster flies has been visualized and studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and laser-assisted desorption/ionization (LDI)-TOF imaging (MSI). Metal targets were designed for two-dimensional MSI of the surface of 3-D biological objects. Targets with either simple grooves or profiled holes designed to accurately accommodate the male and female bodies were fabricated. These grooves and especially holes ensured correct height fixation and spatial orientation of the flies on the targets after matrix application and sample drying. For LDI-TOF to be used, the flies were arranged into holes and fixed to a plane of the target using fast-setting glue. In MALDI-TOF mode, the flies were fixed as above and sprayed with a lithium 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate matrix using up to 100 airbrush spray cycles. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the deposits of matrix were homogenous and the matrix formed mostly into the clusters of crystals (40-80 µm) that were separated from each other by an uncovered cuticle surface (30-40 µm). The MSI using target with profiled holes provided superior results to the targets with simple grooves, eliminating the ion suppression/mass deviation due to the 3-D shape of the flies. Attention was paid to neutral lipids and other compounds including the male anti-attractant 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate for which the expected distribution with high concentration on the tip of the male abdomen was confirmed. The red and blue mass shift (PlusMinus1 colour scale) was observed associated with mass deviation predominantly between ±0.2 and 0.3 Da. We use in-house developed software for mass recalibration, to eliminate the mass deviation effects and help with the detection of low-intensity mass signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kaftan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, CZ-128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Ibáñez C, García-Cañas V, Valdés A, Simó C. Direct Mass Spectrometry-Based Approaches in Metabolomics. FUNDAMENTALS OF ADVANCED OMICS TECHNOLOGIES: FROM GENES TO METABOLITES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62651-6.00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
|
59
|
Li M, Yang L, Bai Y, Liu H. Analytical Methods in Lipidomics and Their Applications. Anal Chem 2013; 86:161-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403554h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Yao C, Na N, Huang L, He D, Ouyang J. High-throughput detection of drugs binding to proteins using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 794:60-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
61
|
Direct characterization of commercial lecithins by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2012; 135:1855-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
62
|
Chughtai K, Jiang L, Greenwood TR, Glunde K, Heeren RMA. Mass spectrometry images acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelin in MDA-MB-231 breast tumor models. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:333-44. [PMID: 22930811 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m027961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid compositions of different breast tumor microenvironments are largely unknown due to limitations in lipid imaging techniques. Imaging lipid distributions would enhance our understanding of processes occurring inside growing tumors, such as cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Recent developments in MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enable rapid and specific detection of lipids directly from thin tissue sections. In this study, we performed multimodal imaging of acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines (PC), a lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and a sphingomyelin (SM) from different microenvironments of breast tumor xenograft models, which carried tdTomato red fluorescent protein as a hypoxia-response element-driven reporter gene. The MSI molecular lipid images revealed spatially heterogeneous lipid distributions within tumor tissue. Four of the most-abundant lipid species, namely PC(16:0/16:0), PC(16:0/18:1), PC(18:1/18:1), and PC(18:0/18:1), were localized in viable tumor regions, whereas LPC(16:0/0:0) was detected in necrotic tumor regions. We identified a heterogeneous distribution of palmitoylcarnitine, stearoylcarnitine, PC(16:0/22:1), and SM(d18:1/16:0) sodium adduct, which colocalized primarily with hypoxic tumor regions. For the first time, we have applied a multimodal imaging approach that has combined optical imaging and MALDI-MSI with ion mobility separation to spatially localize and structurally identify acylcarnitines and a variety of lipid species present in breast tumor xenograft models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Chughtai
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Ketola RA, Mauriala T. Mass spectrometric tools for cell and tissue studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 46:293-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
64
|
Rao W, Scurr DJ, Burston J, Alexander MR, Barrett DA. Use of imaging multivariate analysis to improve biochemical and anatomical discrimination in desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry imaging. Analyst 2012; 137:3946-53. [PMID: 22779078 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35430f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) mass spectrometry images usually contain a large amount of information that can be difficult to interpret in an objective manner. We explore the use of imaging multivariate analysis (MVA) on DESI images of protein spots and rat brain sections to automatically assign peaks and improve discrimination of spatially important features. DESI parameters were optimised on an ion trap mass spectrometer for (a) consistent imaging of dried single and mixture spots of insulin, myoglobin and BSA from a Permanox slide, and (b) to produce a MS image of rat brain coronal section at 100 μm resolution. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR), an imaging MVA technique was applied to these images after appropriate data binning. MCR analysis on DESI images of protein mixture spots allowed the multiply charged peaks of a number of proteins to be distinctly separated. Application of MCR to a DESI image of a rat brain coronal section deconvoluted the image into components that showed biologically important features. Further application of MCR to a subsection of the image produced a component that clearly separated out the substantia nigra region, which allowed us to produce a biochemical anatomy for this area of the brain. We have demonstrated the ability of imaging MVA to automatically and objectively analyse DESI images of standardised and complex biological samples, and have shown its capacity for detailed spatial profiling of biomolecules in specific morphological regions. We propose the routine use of this technique for future DESI imaging experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rao
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Xiong X, Xu W, Eberlin LS, Wiseman JM, Fang X, Jiang Y, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Cooks RG, Ouyang Z. Data processing for 3D mass spectrometry imaging. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1147-1156. [PMID: 22392622 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Data processing for three dimensional mass spectrometry (3D-MS) imaging was investigated, starting with a consideration of the challenges in its practical implementation using a series of sections of a tissue volume. The technical issues related to data reduction, 2D imaging data alignment, 3D visualization, and statistical data analysis were identified. Software solutions for these tasks were developed using functions in MATLAB. Peak detection and peak alignment were applied to reduce the data size, while retaining the mass accuracy. The main morphologic features of tissue sections were extracted using a classification method for data alignment. Data insertion was performed to construct a 3D data set with spectral information that can be used for generating 3D views and for data analysis. The imaging data previously obtained for a mouse brain using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging have been used to test and demonstrate the new methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingchuang Xiong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Horn PJ, Chapman KD. Lipidomics in tissues, cells and subcellular compartments. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:69-80. [PMID: 22117762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) advances in recent years have revolutionized the biochemical analysis of lipids in plants, and made possible new theories about the structural diversity and functional complexity of lipids in plant cells. Approaches have been developed to profile the lipidome of plants with increasing chemical and spatial resolution. Here we highlight a variety of methods for lipidomics analysis at the tissue, cellular and subcellular levels. These procedures allow the simultaneous identification and quantification of hundreds of lipids species in tissue extracts by direct-infusion MS, localization of lipids in tissues and cells by laser desorption/ionization MS, and even profiling of lipids in individual subcellular compartments by direct-organelle MS. Applications of these approaches to achieve improved understanding of plant lipid metabolism, compartmentation and function are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Horn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Lee YJ, Perdian DC, Song Z, Yeung ES, Nikolau BJ. Use of mass spectrometry for imaging metabolites in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:81-95. [PMID: 22449044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We discuss and illustrate recent advances that have been made to image the distribution of metabolites among cells and tissues of plants using different mass spectrometry technologies. These technologies include matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, desorption electrospray ionization, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. These are relatively new technological applications of mass spectrometry and they are providing highly spatially resolved data concerning the cellular distribution of metabolites. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each of these mass spectrometric methods, and provide a description of the technical barriers that are currently limiting the technology to the level of single-cell resolution. However, we anticipate that advances in the next few years will increase the resolving power of the technology to provide unprecedented data on the distribution of metabolites at the subcellular level, which will increase our ability to decipher new knowledge concerning the spatial organization of metabolic processes in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Han X, Yang K, Gross RW. Multi-dimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics and novel strategies for lipidomic analyses. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:134-78. [PMID: 21755525 PMCID: PMC3259006 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Since our last comprehensive review on multi-dimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics (Mass Spectrom. Rev. 24 (2005), 367), many new developments in the field of lipidomics have occurred. These developments include new strategies and refinements for shotgun lipidomic approaches that use direct infusion, including novel fragmentation strategies, identification of multiple new informative dimensions for mass spectrometric interrogation, and the development of new bioinformatic approaches for enhanced identification and quantitation of the individual molecular constituents that comprise each cell's lipidome. Concurrently, advances in liquid chromatography-based platforms and novel strategies for quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for lipidomic analyses have been developed. Through the synergistic use of this repertoire of new mass spectrometric approaches, the power and scope of lipidomics has been greatly expanded to accelerate progress toward the comprehensive understanding of the pleiotropic roles of lipids in biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Han
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Imaging Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394297-5.00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
|
70
|
Passarelli MK, Winograd N. Lipid imaging with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1811:976-90. [PMID: 21664291 PMCID: PMC3199347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental advances in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) now allow for the examination and characterization of lipids directly from biological materials. The successful application of SIMS-based imaging in the investigation of lipids directly from tissue and cells are demonstrated. Common complications and technical pitfalls are discussed. In this review, we examine the use of cluster ion sources and cryogenically compatible sample handling for improved ion yields and to expand the application potential of SIMS. Methodological improvements, including pre-treating the sample to improve ion yields and protocol development for 3-dimensional analyses (i.e. molecular depth profiling), are also included in this discussion. New high performance SIMS instruments showcasing the most advanced instrumental developments, including tandem MS capabilities and continuous ion beam compatibility, are described and the future direction for SIMS in lipid imaging is evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Passarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park
| | - Nicholas Winograd
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Analysis and modification of surfaces using molecular ions in the ambient environment. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2011; 15:741-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
72
|
Alberici LC, Oliveira HCF, Catharino RR, Vercesi AE, Eberlin MN, Alberici RM. Distinct hepatic lipid profile of hypertriglyceridemic mice determined by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1651-9. [PMID: 21732042 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) was used to interrogate the hepatic lipid profiles of hypertriglyceridemic and control normotriglyceridemic mice. The analyses of ex vivo complex lipid mixtures were made directly with EASI-MS without accompanying separation steps. Intense ions for phosphatidylcholines and triacylglycerols were observed in the positive ion mode whereas the spectra in the negative ion mode provided profiles of phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylinositol. EASI-MS was coupled to high-performance thin-layer chromatography for analysis of free fatty acids. Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry was also employed to confirm the identity of the detected lipids. We demonstrated higher incorporation of oleic acid in phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol composition, higher relative abundance of arachidonic acid containing phosphatidylinositol, and overall distinct free fatty acid profile in the livers of genetic hypertriglyceridemic mice. We propose that these alterations in liver lipid composition are related to the higher tissue and body metabolic rates described in these hypertriglyceridemic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciane C Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Pavlásková K, Strnadová M, Strohalm M, Havlíček V, Šulc M, Volný M. Time-Dependent Oxidation during Nano-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Useful Tool for Structure Determination or a Source of Possible Confusion? Anal Chem 2011; 83:5661-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200801t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Pavlásková
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, CZ-142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Strnadová
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, CZ-142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Strohalm
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, CZ-142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Havlíček
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, CZ-142 20 Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šulc
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, CZ-142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Michael Volný
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, CZ-142 20 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Corso G, D'Apolito O, Garofalo D, Paglia G, Dello Russo A. Profiling of acylcarnitines and sterols from dried blood or plasma spot by atmospheric pressure thermal desorption chemical ionization (APTDCI) tandem mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:669-79. [PMID: 21683155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Free carnitine and acylcarnitines play an important role in the metabolism of fatty acids. Sterols are structural lipids found in the membranes of many eukaryotic cells, and they also have functional roles such as the regulation of membrane permeability and fluidity, activity of membrane-bound enzymes and signals transduction. Abnormal profiles of these compounds in biological fluids may be useful markers of metabolic changes. In this review, we describe the subset of the lipidome represented by acylcarnitines and sterols, and we summarize how these compounds have been analyzed in the past. Over the last 50years, lipid mass spectrometry (MS) has evolved to become one of the most useful techniques for metabolic analysis. Today, the introduction of new ambient ionization techniques coupled to MS (AMS), which are characterized by the direct desorbing/ionizing of molecules from solid samples, is generating new possibilities for in situ analysis. Recently, we developed an AMS approach called APTDCI to desorb/ionize using a heated gas flow and an electrical discharge to directly analyze sterols and indirectly investigate acylcarnitines in dried blood or plasma spot samples. Here, we also describe the APTDCI method and some of its clinical applications, and we underline the common complications and issues that remain to be resolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Corso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for lipid characterization and biological tissue imaging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:946-60. [PMID: 21645635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging of biological samples allows untargeted analysis and structural characterization of lipids ionized from the near-surface region of a sample under ambient conditions. DESI is a powerful and sensitive MS ionization method for 2D and 3D imaging of lipids from direct and unmodified complex biological samples. This review describes the strengths and limitations of DESI-MS for lipid characterization and imaging together with the technical workflow and a survey of applications. Included are discussions of lipid mapping and biomarker discovery as well as a perspective on the future of DESI imaging.
Collapse
|
76
|
Harris GA, Galhena AS, Fernández FM. Ambient sampling/ionization mass spectrometry: applications and current trends. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4508-38. [PMID: 21495690 DOI: 10.1021/ac200918u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Harris
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Grasso G. The use of mass spectrometry to study amyloid-β peptides. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:347-365. [PMID: 21500241 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) varies in size from 39 to 43 amino acids and arises from sequential β- and γ-secretase processing of the amyloid precursor protein. Whereas the non-pathological role for Aβ is yet to be established, there is no disputing that Aβ is now widely regarded as central to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The so named "amyloid cascade hypothesis" states that disease progression is the result of an increased Aβ burden in affected areas of the brain. To elucidate the Aβ role in AD, many analytical approaches have been proposed as suitable tools to investigate not only the total Aβ load but also many other issues that are considered crucial for AD, such as: (i) the aggregation state in which Aβ is present; (ii) its interaction with other species or metals; (iii) its ability to induce oxidative stress; and (iv) its degradative pathways. This review provides an insight into the use of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of Aβ investigation aimed to assess its role in AD. In particular, the different MS-based approaches applied in vitro and in vivo that can provide detailed information on the above-mentioned issues are reviewed. Moreover, the advantages offered by the MS methods over all the other techniques are highlighted, together with the recent developments and uses of combined analytical approaches to detect and characterize Aβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grasso
- Chemistry Department, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Brady JJ, Judge EJ, Levis RJ. Analysis of amphiphilic lipids and hydrophobic proteins using nonresonant femtosecond laser vaporization with electrospray post-ionization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:762-772. [PMID: 21472613 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-010-0066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic lipids and hydrophobic proteins are vaporized at atmospheric pressure using nonresonant 70 femtosecond (fs) laser pulses followed by electrospray post-ionization prior to being transferred into a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for mass analysis. Measurements of molecules on metal and transparent dielectric surfaces indicate that vaporization occurs through a nonthermal mechanism. The molecules analyzed include the lipids 1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol, 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and the hydrophobic proteins gramicidin A, B, and C. Vaporization of lipids from blood and milk are also presented to demonstrate that lipids in complex systems can be transferred intact into the gas phase for mass analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Brady
- Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
A powerful couple in the future of clinical biochemistry: in situ analysis of dried blood spots by ambient mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2011; 2:1883-91. [PMID: 21083496 DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 1960s, dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper have been used in clinical applications. The first key milestone in the use of DBS was the screening of phenylketonuria and other inborn errors of metabolism using microbiological and enzymatic analytical methods. 20 years after its introduction, advanced mass spectrometers and new soft ionization techniques have permitted the coupling of liquid chromatography with MS and tandem MS (MS/MS) and since the 1990s, DBS analysis by LC-MS/MS expanded screening to many inborn errors of metabolism simultaneously. Recently, DBS-LC-MS/MS analysis has been used in other fields such as pharmacology, toxicology and forensic sciences. Today, new ambient ionization techniques, coupled to MS, directly desorb/ionize molecules from solid samples. This presents new opportunities for the in situ analysis of DBS. Most likely, ambient MS methods will be used to analyze DBS, increasing the clinical applications of MS within the next 10 years.
Collapse
|
80
|
Girod M, Shi Y, Cheng JX, Cooks RG. Mapping lipid alterations in traumatically injured rat spinal cord by desorption electrospray ionization imaging mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 83:207-15. [PMID: 21142140 DOI: 10.1021/ac102264z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS) is used in an imaging mode to interrogate the lipid profiles of 15 μm thin tissue cross sections of injured rat spinal cord and normal healthy tissue. Increased relative intensities of fatty acids, diacylglycerols, and lysolipids (between +120% and +240%) as well as a small decrease in intensities of lipids (-30%) were visualized in the lesion epicenter and adjacent areas after spinal cord injury. This indicates the hydrolysis of lipids during the demyelination process due to activation of phospholipase A(2) enzyme. In addition, signals corresponding to oxidative degradation products, such as prostaglandin and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, exhibited increased signal intensity by a factor of 2 in the negative ion mode in lesions relative to the normal healthy tissue. Analysis of malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation and marker of oxidative stress, was accomplished in the ambient environment using reactive DESI mass spectrometry imaging. This was achieved by electrospraying reagent solution containing dinitrophenylhydrazine as high-velocity charged droplets onto the tissue section. The hydrazine reacts selectively and rapidly with the carbonyl groups of malondialdehyde, and signal intensity of twice the intensity was detected in the lesions compared to healthy spinal cord. With a small amount of tissue sample, DESI-MS imaging provides information on the composition and distribution of specific compounds (limited by the occurrence of isomeric lipids with very similar fragmentation patterns) in lesions after spinal cord injury in comparison with normal healthy tissue allowing identification of the extent of the lesion and its repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Girod
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Vaikkinen A, Kotiaho T, Kostiainen R, Kauppila T. Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization with polydimethylsiloxane as extraction phase and sample plate material. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 682:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
82
|
Dill AL, Eberlin LS, Zheng C, Costa AB, Ifa DR, Cheng L, Masterson TA, Koch MO, Vitek O, Cooks RG. Multivariate statistical differentiation of renal cell carcinomas based on lipidomic analysis by ambient ionization imaging mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2969-78. [PMID: 20953777 PMCID: PMC10712022 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was used in an imaging mode to interrogate the lipid profiles of thin tissue sections of 11 sample pairs of human papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and adjacent normal tissue and nine sample pairs of clear cell RCC and adjacent normal tissue. DESI-MS images showing the spatial distributions of particular glycerophospholipids (GPs) and free fatty acids in the negative ion mode were compared to serial tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Increased absolute intensities as well as changes in relative abundance were seen for particular compounds in the tumor regions of the samples. Multivariate statistical analysis using orthogonal projection to latent structures treated partial least square discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) was used for visualization and classification of the tissue pairs using the full mass spectra as predictors. PLS-DA successfully distinguished tumor from normal tissue for both papillary and clear cell RCC with misclassification rates obtained from the validation set of 14.3% and 7.8%, respectively. It was also used to distinguish papillary and clear cell RCC from each other and from the combined normal tissues with a reasonable misclassification rate of 23%, as determined from the validation set. Overall DESI-MS imaging combined with multivariate statistical analysis shows promise as a molecular pathology technique for diagnosing cancerous and normal tissue on the basis of GP profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Dill
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Horn PJ, Ledbetter NR, James CN, Hoffman WD, Case CR, Verbeck GF, Chapman KD. Visualization of lipid droplet composition by direct organelle mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:3298-306. [PMID: 21118810 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.186353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An expanding appreciation for the varied functions of neutral lipids in cellular organisms relies on a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of lipid production and packaging into cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs). Conventional lipid profiling procedures involve the analysis of tissue extracts and consequently lack cellular or subcellular resolution. Here, we report an approach that combines the visualization of individual LDs, microphase extraction of lipid components from droplets, and the direct identification of lipid composition by nanospray mass spectrometry, even to the level of a single LD. The triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of LDs from several plant sources (mature cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) embryos, roots of cotton seedlings, and Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and leaves) were examined by direct organelle mass spectrometry and revealed the heterogeneity of LDs derived from different plant tissue sources. The analysis of individual LDs makes possible organellar resolution of molecular compositions and will facilitate new studies of LD biogenesis and functions, especially in combination with analysis of morphological and metabolic mutants. Furthermore, direct organelle mass spectrometry could be applied to the molecular analysis of other subcellular compartments and macromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Horn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Recent advances of chromatography and mass spectrometry in lipidomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:243-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
85
|
Molecular mass spectrometry imaging in biomedical and life science research. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 134:423-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
86
|
Wiseman JM, Li JB. Elution, Partial Separation, and Identification of Lipids Directly from Tissue Slices on Planar Chromatography Media by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8866-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1016453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica B. Li
- Prosolia, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Waldon DJ, Zhao Z, Teffera Y. Desorption electrospray ionization tissue imaging using heated nebulizing gas and high-resolution accurate mass spectra. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2352-2356. [PMID: 20635324 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new method for tissue imaging using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry is described. The technique utilizes a DESI source with a heated nebulizing gas and high-resolution accurate mass data acquired with an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The two-dimensional (2D) automated DESI ion source creates images using the ions that are collected under high-resolution conditions. The use of high-resolution mass detection significantly improves the image quality due to exclusion of interfering ions. The use of a heated nebulizing gas increases the signal intensity observed at lower gas pressure. The technique developed is highly compatible with soft tissue imaging due to the minimal surface destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Waldon
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Girod M, Shi Y, Cheng JX, Cooks RG. Desorption electrospray ionization imaging mass spectrometry of lipids in rat spinal cord. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1177-1189. [PMID: 20427200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry allows for the direct investigation of tissue samples to identify specific biological compounds and determine their spatial distributions. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry has been used for the imaging and analysis of rat spinal cord cross sections. Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids, as well as fatty acids, were detected in both the negative and positive ion modes and identified through tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) product ion scans using collision-induced dissociation and accurate mass measurements. Differences in the relative abundances of lipids and free fatty acids were present between white and gray matter areas in both the negative and positive ion modes. DESI-MS images of the corresponding ions allow the determination of their spatial distributions within a cross section of the rat spinal cord, by scanning the DESI probe across the entire sample surface. Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids were mostly detected in the white matter, while the free fatty acids were present in the gray matter. These results show parallels with reported distributions of lipids in studies of rat brain. This suggests that the spatial intensity distribution reflects relative concentration differences of the lipid and fatty acid compounds in the spinal cord tissue. The "butterfly" shape of the gray matter in the spinal cord cross section was resolved in the corresponding ion images, indicating that a lateral resolution of better than 200 mum was achieved. The selected ion images of lipids are directly correlated with anatomic features on the spinal cord corresponding to the white and the gray matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Girod
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Watrous J, Hendricks N, Meehan M, Dorrestein PC. Capturing bacterial metabolic exchange using thin film desorption electrospray ionization-imaging mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1598-600. [PMID: 20121185 DOI: 10.1021/ac9027388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over 60% of current pharmaceutical drugs have origins in natural products. To expand on current methods allowing one to characterize natural products directly from bacterial culture, herein we describe the use of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) imaging mass spectrometry in monitoring the exchange of secondary metabolites between Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces coelicolor using a simple imprinting technique.
Collapse
|
90
|
Paglia G, D'Apolito O, Gelzo M, Dello Russo A, Corso G. Direct analysis of sterols from dried plasma/blood spots by an atmospheric pressure thermal desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APTDCI-MS) method for a rapid screening of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Analyst 2010; 135:789-96. [PMID: 20349543 DOI: 10.1039/b919622f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here is proposed a rapid and sensitive method involving atmospheric pressure thermal desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APTDCI-MS) for specific laboratory screening of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), an inherited defect of cholesterol biosynthesis. Biochemical findings in the blood of SLOS patients are low cholesterol (Chol), high 7- and 8-dehydrocholesterol (DHCs) levels and high DHCs/Chol ratios. The APTDCI proposed method is able to ionize sterols for qualitative and quantitative analysis directly from dried plasma/blood spots. Critical APTDCI parameters--desolvation gas flow and temperature--were optimized analyzing Chol, 7-DHC and cholesteryl stearate standards spotted onto a glass slide acquiring the full scan spectra in positive ion mode. Chol levels in dried plasma spots of unaffected controls (n = 23) obtained by the proposed method were compared with those of the enzymatic method (y = 0.9166x + 0.3811; r = 0.8831) while Chol and DHCs of SLOS patients (n = 9) were compared with the gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method (y = 0.8214x + 0.7388; r = 0.8288). The APTDCI-MS method is also able to differentiate normal from SLOS samples directly analyzing whole blood and washed red cells spotted on paper. In conclusion, the intrinsic analytical high-throughput of APTDCI-MS method for sterol analysis could be useful to screen SLO syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Paglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1, 71100-Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Kennedy JH, Wiseman JM. Direct analysis of Salvia divinorum leaves for salvinorin A by thin layer chromatography and desorption electrospray ionization multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1305-1311. [PMID: 20391602 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is widely cultivated in the US, Mexico, Central and South America and Europe and is consumed for its ability to produce hallucinogenic effects similar to those of other scheduled hallucinogenic drugs, such as LSD. Salvinorin A (SA), a kappa opiod receptor agonist and psychoactive constituent, is found primarily in the leaves and to a lesser extent in the stems of the plant. Herein, the analysis of intact S. divinorum leaves for SA and of acetone extracts separated using thin layer chromatography (TLC) is demonstrated using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry. The detection of SA using DESI in the positive ion mode is characterized by several ions associated with the compound - [M+H](+), [M+NH(4)](+), [M+Na](+), [2M+NH(4)](+), and [2M+Na](+). Confirmation of the identity of these ions is provided through exact mass measurements using a time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometer. The presence of SA in the leaves was confirmed by multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) of the [M+H](+) ion using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Direct analysis of the leaves revealed several species of salvinorin in addition to SA as confirmed by MS(n), including salvinorin B, C, D/E, and divinatorin B. Further, the results from DESI imaging of a TLC separation of a commercial leaf extract and an acetone extract of S. divinorum leaves were in concordance with the TLC/DESI-MS results of an authentic salvinorin A standard. The present study provides an example of both the direct analysis of intact plant materials for screening illicit substances and the coupling of TLC and DESI-MS as a simple method for the examination of natural products.
Collapse
|
92
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Chughtai
- FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M.A. Heeren
- FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Vidová V, Pól J, Volny M, Novák P, Havlícek V, Wiedmer SK, Holopainen JM. Visualizing spatial lipid distribution in porcine lens by MALDI imaging high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:2295-302. [PMID: 20388918 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m005488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intraocular lens contains high levels of both cholesterol and sphingolipids, which are believed to be functionally important for normal lens physiology. The aim of this study was to explore the spatial distribution of sphingolipids in the ocular lens using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging with ultra high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to visualize the lipid spatial distribution. Equatorially-cryosectioned, 12 microm thick slices of tissue were thaw-mounted to an indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass slide by soft-landing to an ethanol layer. This procedure maintained the tissue integrity. After the automated MALDI matrix deposition, the entire lens section was examined by MALDI MSI in a 150 microm raster. We obtained spatial- and concentration-dependent distributions of seven lens sphingomyelins (SM) and two ceramide-1-phosphates (CerP), which are important lipid second messengers. Glycosylated sphingolipids or sphingolipid breakdown products were not observed. Owing to ultra high resolution MS, all lipids were identified with high confidence, and distinct distribution patterns for each of them are presented. The distribution patterns of SMs provide an understanding of the physiological functioning of these lipids in clear lenses and offer a novel pathophysiological means for understanding diseases of the lens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vidová
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Shrestha B, Nemes P, Nazarian J, Hathout Y, Hoffman EP, Vertes A. Direct analysis of lipids and small metabolites in mouse brain tissue by AP IR-MALDI and reactive LAESI mass spectrometry. Analyst 2010; 135:751-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b922854c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
95
|
Blanksby SJ, Mitchell TW. Advances in mass spectrometry for lipidomics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2010; 3:433-65. [PMID: 20636050 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent expansion in research in the field of lipidomics has been driven by the development of new mass spectrometric tools and protocols for the identification and quantification of molecular lipids in complex matrices. Although there are similarities between the field of lipidomics and the allied field of mass spectrometry (e.g., proteomics), lipids present some unique advantages and challenges for mass spectrometric analysis. The application of electrospray ionization to crude lipid extracts without prior fractionation-the so-called shotgun approach-is one such example, as it has perhaps been more successfully applied in lipidomics than in any other discipline. Conversely, the diverse molecular structure of lipids means that collision-induced dissociation alone may be limited in providing unique descriptions of complex lipid structures, and the development of additional, complementary tools for ion activation and analysis is required to overcome these challenges. In this article, we discuss the state of the art in lipid mass spectrometry and highlight several areas in which current approaches are deficient and further innovation is required.
Collapse
|
96
|
Corda D, Zizza P, Varone A, Filippi BM, Mariggiò S. The glycerophosphoinositols: cellular metabolism and biological functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3449-67. [PMID: 19669618 PMCID: PMC11115907 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The glycerophosphoinositols are cellular products of phospholipase A(2) and lysolipase activities on the membrane phosphoinositides. Their intracellular concentrations can vary upon oncogenic transformation, cell differentiation and hormonal stimulation. Specific glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases are involved in their catabolism, which, as with their formation, is under hormonal regulation. With their mechanisms of action including modulation of adenylyl cyclase, intracellular calcium levels, and Rho-GTPases, the glycerophosphoinositols have diverse effects in multiple cell types: induction of cell proliferation in thyroid cells; modulation of actin cytoskeleton organisation in fibroblasts; and reduction of the invasive potential of tumour cell lines. More recent investigations include their effects in inflammatory and immune responses. Indeed, the glycerophosphoinositols enhance cytokine-dependent chemotaxis in T-lymphocytes induced by SDF-1alpha-receptor activation, indicating roles for these compounds as modulators of T-cell signalling and T-cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Corda
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti Italy
| | - Pasquale Zizza
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti Italy
| | - Alessia Varone
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti Italy
| | - Beatrice Maria Filippi
- Present Address: MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Stefania Mariggiò
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti Italy
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
|