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Ward JBJ, Lajczak NK, Kelly OB, O'Dwyer AM, Giddam AK, Ní Gabhann J, Franco P, Tambuwala MM, Jefferies CA, Keely S, Roda A, Keely SJ. Ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid exert anti-inflammatory actions in the colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G550-G558. [PMID: 28360029 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00256.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ward JB, Lajczak NK, Kelly OB, O'Dwyer AM, Giddam AK, Ní Gabhann J, Franco P, Tambuwala MM, Jefferies CA, Keely S, Roda A, Keely SJ. Ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid exert anti-inflammatory actions in the colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 312: G550-G558, 2017. First published March 30, 2017; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00256.2016.-Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a group of common and debilitating chronic intestinal disorders for which currently available therapies are often unsatisfactory. The naturally occurring secondary bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), has well-established anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions and may therefore be effective in treating IBD. We aimed to investigate regulation of colonic inflammatory responses by UDCA and to determine the potential impact of bacterial metabolism on its therapeutic actions. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of UDCA, a nonmetabolizable analog, 6α-methyl-UDCA (6-MUDCA), and its primary colonic metabolite lithocholic acid (LCA) was assessed in the murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of mucosal injury. The effects of bile acids on cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, Il-1β, and IFN-γ) release from cultured colonic epithelial cells and mouse colonic tissue in vivo were investigated. Luminal bile acids were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. UDCA attenuated release of proinflammatory cytokines from colonic epithelial cells in vitro and was protective against the development of colonic inflammation in vivo. In contrast, although 6-MUDCA mimicked the effects of UDCA on epithelial cytokine release in vitro, it was ineffective in preventing inflammation in the DSS model. In UDCA-treated mice, LCA became the most common colonic bile acid. Finally, LCA treatment more potently inhibited epithelial cytokine release and protected against DSS-induced mucosal inflammation than did UDCA. These studies identify a new role for the primary metabolite of UDCA, LCA, in preventing colonic inflammation and suggest that microbial metabolism of UDCA is necessary for the full expression of its protective actions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY On the basis of its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions, the secondary bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has well-established uses in both traditional and Western medicine. We identify a new role for the primary metabolite of UDCA, lithocholic acid, as a potent inhibitor of intestinal inflammatory responses, and we present data to suggest that microbial metabolism of UDCA is necessary for the full expression of its protective effects against colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B J Ward
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Natalia K Lajczak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orlaith B Kelly
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife M O'Dwyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashwini K Giddam
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joan Ní Gabhann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Placido Franco
- Department. of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland; and
| | - Caroline A Jefferies
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department. of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stephen J Keely
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland;
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Khan MN, Lane ME, McCarron PA, Tambuwala MM. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is protective in experimental ulcerative colitis via reduction in levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and enhancement of epithelial barrier function. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:561-569. [PMID: 28528363 PMCID: PMC5859149 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) pathway has been proposed as a therapeutic target due to its key role in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory agent, found in propolis, and has been reported as a specific inhibitor of NF-κβ. However, the impact of CAPE on levels of myeloperoxidases (MPO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines during inflammation is not clear. The aims of this study were to investigate the protective efficacy of CAPE in the mouse model of colitis and determine its effect on MPO activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, and intestinal permeability. Method Dextran sulphate sodium was administered in drinking water to induce colitis in C57/BL6 mice before treatment with intraperitoneal administration of CAPE (30 mg kg−1 day−1). Disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length and tissue histology levels of MPO, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and intestinal permeability were observed. Results CAPE-treated mice had lower DAI and tissue inflammation scores, with improved epithelial barrier protection and significant reduction in the level of MPO and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion Our results show that CAPE is effective in suppressing inflammation-triggered MPO activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines production while enhancing epithelial barrier function in experimental colitis. Thus, we conclude that CAPE could be a potential therapeutic agent for further clinical investigations for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10787-017-0364-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N Khan
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Majella E Lane
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Paul A McCarron
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Manresa MC, Taylor CT. Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) Hydroxylases as Regulators of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:303-315. [PMID: 28462372 PMCID: PMC5404106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human health is dependent on the ability of the body to extract nutrients, fluids, and oxygen from the external environment while at the same time maintaining a state of internal sterility. Therefore, the cell layers that cover the surface areas of the body such as the lung, skin, and gastrointestinal mucosa provide vital semipermeable barriers that allow the transport of essential nutrients, fluid, and waste products, while at the same time keeping the internal compartments free of microbial organisms. These epithelial surfaces are highly specialized and differ in their anatomic structure depending on their location to provide appropriate and effective site-specific barrier function. Given this important role, it is not surprising that significant disease often is associated with alterations in epithelial barrier function. Examples of such diseases include inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and atopic dermatitis. These chronic inflammatory disorders often are characterized by diminished tissue oxygen levels (hypoxia). Hypoxia triggers an adaptive transcriptional response governed by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which are repressed by a family of oxygen-sensing HIF hydroxylases. Here, we review recent evidence suggesting that pharmacologic hydroxylase inhibition may be of therapeutic benefit in inflammatory bowel disease through the promotion of intestinal epithelial barrier function through both HIF-dependent and HIF-independent mechanisms.
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Key Words
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- DMOG, dimethyloxalylglycine
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- Epithelial Barrier
- FIH, factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- Hypoxia
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) Hydroxylases
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- PHD, hypoxia-inducible factor–prolyl hydroxylases
- TFF, trefoil factor
- TJ, tight junction
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- ZO, zonula occludens
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C. Manresa
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T. Taylor
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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54
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Fagundes RR, Taylor CT. Determinants of hypoxia-inducible factor activity in the intestinal mucosa. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1328-1334. [PMID: 28408694 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00203.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is exposed to fluctuations in oxygen levels due to constantly changing rates of oxygen demand and supply and its juxtaposition with the anoxic environment of the intestinal lumen. This frequently results in a state of hypoxia in the healthy mucosa even in the physiologic state. Furthermore, pathophysiologic hypoxia (which is more severe and extensive) is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a ubiquitously expressed regulator of cellular adaptation to hypoxia, is central to both the adaptive and the inflammatory responses of cells of the intestinal mucosa in IBD patients. In this review, we discuss the microenvironmental factors which influence the level of HIF activity in healthy and inflamed intestinal mucosae and the consequences that increased HIF activity has for tissue function and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael R Fagundes
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and.,UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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55
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Hypoxia and inflammatory bowel disease. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:210-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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56
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Manresa MC, Tambuwala MM, Radhakrishnan P, Harnoss JM, Brown E, Cavadas MA, Keogh CE, Cheong A, Barrett KE, Cummins EP, Schneider M, Taylor CT. Hydroxylase inhibition regulates inflammation-induced intestinal fibrosis through the suppression of ERK-mediated TGF-β1 signaling. [corrected]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G1076-G1090. [PMID: 27789456 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00229.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a complication of chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, a condition which has limited therapeutic options and often requires surgical intervention. Pharmacologic inhibition of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases, which confer oxygen sensitivity upon the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway, has recently been shown to have therapeutic potential in colitis, although the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of hydroxylase inhibition on inflammation-driven fibrosis in a murine colitis model. Mice exposed to dextran sodium sulfate, followed by a period of recovery, developed intestinal fibrosis characterized by alterations in the pattern of collagen deposition and infiltration of activated fibroblasts. Treatment with the hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine ameliorated fibrosis. TGF-β1 is a key regulator of fibrosis that acts through the activation of fibroblasts. Hydroxylase inhibition reduced TGF-β1-induced expression of fibrotic markers in cultured fibroblasts, suggesting a direct role for hydroxylases in TGF-β1 signaling. This was at least in part due to inhibition of noncanonical activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. In summary, pharmacologic hydroxylase inhibition ameliorates intestinal fibrosis through suppression of TGF-β1-dependent ERK activation in fibroblasts. We hypothesize that in addition to previously reported immunosupressive effects, hydroxylase inhibitors independently suppress profibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C Manresa
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northerm Ireland
| | - Praveen Radhakrishnan
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Harnoss
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric Brown
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miguel A Cavadas
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Ciara E Keogh
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex Cheong
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Kim E Barrett
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Eoin P Cummins
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; .,Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
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Halligan DN, Murphy SJE, Taylor CT. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) couples immunity with metabolism. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:469-477. [PMID: 27717536 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between metabolic and immune pathways has recently become appreciated to be key to the regulation of host defence. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor which was initially described as a ubiquitous master regulator of the transcriptional response to hypoxia. In this role, HIF regulates genes promoting adaptation to hypoxia including a number which influence the cellular metabolic strategy of a cell. It has more recently been appreciated that the regulation of HIF is not restricted to oxygen-dependent pathways, and is now known to be mediated by a number of additional metabolic and immune cues including metabolites and cytokines respectively. Furthermore, our understanding of the functional role of HIF has expanded to it now being appreciated as a major regulator of host immunity. This places HIF in an ideal position to act as a regulatory hub which links metabolic activity with immunity. In this review we synthesise recent data which identifies HIF as both a target and effector for metabolic and immune processes. Developing our understanding of the role of HIF in this context will uncover new therapeutic targets for inflammatory and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug N Halligan
- Conway Institute, Charles Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; Sigmoid Pharma, Invent Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stephen J E Murphy
- Conway Institute, Charles Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- Conway Institute, Charles Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; IRCAN, Centre A. Lacassagne, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 33 Avenue Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 8, Quai Antoine Premier, Monaco.
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58
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Taylor CT, Doherty G, Fallon PG, Cummins EP. Hypoxia-dependent regulation of inflammatory pathways in immune cells. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3716-3724. [PMID: 27454299 DOI: 10.1172/jci84433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation underpins a diverse range of diseases where effective therapy remains an unmet clinical need. Hypoxia is a prominent feature of the inflammatory microenvironment that regulates key transcription factors including HIF and NF-κB in both innate and adaptive immune cells. In turn, altered activity of the pathways controlled by these factors can affect the course of inflammation through the regulation of immune cell development and function. In this review, we will discuss these pathways and the oxygen sensors that confer hypoxic sensitivity in immune cells. Furthermore, we will describe how hypoxia-dependent pathways contribute to immunity and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets in inflammatory and infectious disease.
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59
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Hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction and synovial invasiveness in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:385-97. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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60
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Davitt CJH, McNeela EA, Longet S, Tobias J, Aversa V, McEntee CP, Rosa M, Coulter IS, Holmgren J, Lavelle EC. A novel adjuvanted capsule based strategy for oral vaccination against infectious diarrhoeal pathogens. J Control Release 2016; 233:162-73. [PMID: 27157995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhoeal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and cholera imposing a significant global burden. There is currently no licensed vaccine for ETEC. Development of new nonliving oral vaccines has proven difficult due to the physicochemical and immunological challenges associated with the oral route. This demands innovative delivery solutions to protect antigens, control their release and build in immune-stimulatory activity. We describe the Single Multiple Pill® (SmPill®) vaccine formulation which combines the benefits of enteric polymer coating to protect against low gastric pH, a dispersed phase to control release and aid the solubility of non-polar components and an optimized combination of adjuvant and antigen to promote mucosal immunity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this system with whole cell killed E. coli overexpressing colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I), JT-49. Alpha-galactosylceramide was identified as a potent adjuvant within SmPill® that enhanced the immunogenicity of JT-49. The bacteria associated with the dispersed phase were retained within the capsules at gastric pH but released at intestinal pH. Vaccination with an optimized SmPill® formulation promoted CFA/I-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in the intestinal mucosa in addition to serum IgG and a solubilized adjuvant was indispensable for efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J H Davitt
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Edel A McNeela
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Longet
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Joshua Tobias
- University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Aversa
- Sigmoid Pharma Limited, Dublin City University, The Invent Centre, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Craig P McEntee
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Monica Rosa
- Sigmoid Pharma Limited, Dublin City University, The Invent Centre, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ivan S Coulter
- Sigmoid Pharma Limited, Dublin City University, The Invent Centre, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jan Holmgren
- University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland; Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN); Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland.
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61
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Selfridge AC, Cavadas MAS, Scholz CC, Campbell EL, Welch LC, Lecuona E, Colgan SP, Barrett KE, Sporn PHS, Sznajder JI, Cummins EP, Taylor CT. Hypercapnia Suppresses the HIF-dependent Adaptive Response to Hypoxia. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11800-8. [PMID: 27044749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.713941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide are the primary gaseous substrate and product of oxidative metabolism, respectively. Hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide) are co-incidental features of the tissue microenvironment in a range of pathophysiologic states, including acute and chronic respiratory diseases. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the master regulator of the transcriptional response to hypoxia; however, little is known about the impact of hypercapnia on gene transcription. Because of the relationship between hypoxia and hypercapnia, we investigated the effect of hypercapnia on the HIF pathway. Hypercapnia suppressed HIF-α protein stability and HIF target gene expression both in mice and cultured cells in a manner that was at least in part independent of the canonical O2-dependent HIF degradation pathway. The suppressive effects of hypercapnia on HIF-α protein stability could be mimicked by reducing intracellular pH at a constant level of partial pressure of CO2 Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase that blocks lysosomal degradation, prevented the hypercapnic suppression of HIF-α protein. Based on these results, we hypothesize that hypercapnia counter-regulates activation of the HIF pathway by reducing intracellular pH and promoting lysosomal degradation of HIF-α subunits. Therefore, hypercapnia may play a key role in the pathophysiology of diseases where HIF is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A S Cavadas
- Conway Institute, and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- From the School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, the Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric L Campbell
- the University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Lynn C Welch
- the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
| | - Emilia Lecuona
- the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
| | - Sean P Colgan
- the University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Kim E Barrett
- From the School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, and
| | - Peter H S Sporn
- the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and the Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
| | - Eoin P Cummins
- From the School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, and
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- From the School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,
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62
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Abstract
Uncontrolled or non-resolving inflammation underpins a range of disease states including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis. Hypoxia is a prominent feature of chronically inflamed tissues. This is due to elevated oxygen consumption by highly metabolically active inflamed resident cells and activated infiltrating immunocytes, as well as diminished oxygen supply due to vascular dysfunction. Tissue hypoxia can have a significant impact upon inflammatory signaling pathways in immune and non-immune cells and this can impact upon disease progression. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between tissue hypoxia and inflammation and identify how hypoxia-sensitive signaling pathways are potential therapeutic targets in chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P Cummins
- School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ciara E Keogh
- School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Daniel Crean
- School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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63
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D'Ignazio L, Bandarra D, Rocha S. NF-κB and HIF crosstalk in immune responses. FEBS J 2015; 283:413-24. [PMID: 26513405 PMCID: PMC4864946 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and inflammation have been associated with a number of pathological conditions, in particular inflammatory diseases. While hypoxia is mainly associated with the activation of hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs), inflammation activates the family of transcription factor called nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB). An extensive crosstalk between these two main molecular players involved in hypoxia and inflammation has been demonstrated. This crosstalk includes common activating stimuli, shared regulators and targets. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of NF‐κB and HIF in the context of the immune response. We review the crosstalk between HIF and NF‐κB in the control of the immune response in different immune cell types including macrophages, neutrophils and B and T cells. Furthermore the importance of the molecular crosstalk between HIFs and NF‐κB for a variety of medical conditions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Daniel Bandarra
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
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