51
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Panraksa P, Qi S, Udomsom S, Tipduangta P, Rachtanapun P, Jantanasakulwong K, Jantrawut P. Characterization of Hydrophilic Polymers as a Syringe Extrusion 3D Printing Material for Orodispersible Film. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3454. [PMID: 34685213 PMCID: PMC8540066 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of hydrophilic polymers in designing and three-dimensional (3D) printing of pharmaceutical products in various dosage forms has recently been paid much attention. Use of hydrophilic polymers and syringe extrusion 3D printing technology in the fabrication of orodispersible films (ODFs) might hold great potential in rapid drug delivery, personalized medicine, and manufacturing time savings. In this study, the feasibility of 3D-printed ODFs fabrication through a syringe extrusion 3D printing technique and using five different hydrophilic polymers (e.g., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E15, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E50, high methoxyl pectin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and hydroxyethylcellulose) as film-forming polymers and printing materials has been investigated. Rheology properties and printability of printing gels and physicochemical and mechanical properties of 3D-printed ODFs were evaluated. Amongst the investigated hydrophilic polymers, sodium carboxymethylcellulose at a concentration of 5% w/v (SCMC-5) showed promising results with a good printing resolution and accurate dimensions of the 3D-printed ODFs. In addition, SCMC-5 3D-printed ODFs exhibited the fastest disintegration time within 3 s due to high wettability, roughness and porosity on the surface. However, the results of the mechanical properties study showed that SCMC-5 3D printed ODFs were rigid and brittle, thus requiring special packaging to prevent them from any damage before practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaraporn Panraksa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Suruk Udomsom
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pratchaya Tipduangta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, School of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.R.); (K.J.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, School of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.R.); (K.J.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.T.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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52
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Parhi R, Jena GK. An updated review on application of 3D printing in fabricating pharmaceutical dosage forms. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:2428-2462. [PMID: 34613595 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The concept of "one size fits all" followed by the conventional healthcare system has drawbacks in providing precise pharmacotherapy due to variation in the pharmacokinetics of different patients leading to serious consequences such as side effects. In this regard, digital-based three-dimensional printing (3DP), which refers to fabricating 3D printed pharmaceutical dosage forms with variable geometry in a layer-by-layer fashion, has become one of the most powerful and innovative tools in fabricating "personalized medicine" to cater to the need of therapeutic benefits for patients to the maximum extent. This is achieved due to the tremendous potential of 3DP in tailoring various drug delivery systems (DDS) in terms of size, shape, drug loading, and drug release. In addition, 3DP has a huge impact on special populations including pediatrics, geriatrics, and pregnant women with unique or frequently changing medical needs. The areas covered in the present article are as follows: (i) the difference between traditional and 3DP manufacturing tool, (ii) the basic processing steps involved in 3DP, (iii) common 3DP methods with their pros and cons, (iv) various DDS fabricated by 3DP till date with discussing few research studies in each class of DDS, (v) the drug loading principles into 3D printed dosage forms, and (vi) regulatory compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabinarayan Parhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Susruta School of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar-788011, Assam, India.
| | - Goutam Kumar Jena
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur-7600010, Odisha, India
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53
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Polymers in pharmaceutical additive manufacturing: A balancing act between printability and product performance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113923. [PMID: 34390775 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Materials and manufacturing processes share a common purpose of enabling the pharmaceutical product to perform as intended. This review on the role of polymeric materials in additive manufacturing of oral dosage forms, focuses on the interface between the polymer and key stages of the additive manufacturing process, which determine printability. By systematically clarifying and comparing polymer functional roles and properties for a variety of AM technologies, together with current and emerging techniques to characterize these properties, suggestions are provided to stimulate the use of readily available and sometimes underutilized pharmaceutical polymers in additive manufacturing. We point to emerging characterization techniques and digital tools, which can be harnessed to manage existing trade-offs between the role of polymers in printer compatibility versus product performance. In a rapidly evolving technological space, this serves to trigger the continued development of 3D printers to suit a broader variety of polymers for widespread applications of pharmaceutical additive manufacturing.
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54
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Windolf H, Chamberlain R, Quodbach J. Predicting Drug Release from 3D Printed Oral Medicines Based on the Surface Area to Volume Ratio of Tablet Geometry. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1453. [PMID: 34575529 PMCID: PMC8471793 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing offers the advantage of being able to modify dosage form geometry, which can be exploited to modify release characteristics. In this study, we investigated the influence of the surface area to volume ratio (SA/V) to change and predict release profiles of 3D printed dosage forms. Geometries with varying SA/V and dosages were designed and printed, and drug dissolution was investigated. Three drug substances were used: pramipexole, levodopa (both BCS I) and praziquantel (BCS II). Two polymers were chosen as matrix formers: polyvinyl alcohol (water-soluble) and ethylene vinyl acetate (inert). Drug release was characterized using the mean dissolution time (MDT) and established equations that describe complete dissolution curves were applied. Predictions were validated with previously un-printed dosage forms. Based on an identified MDT-SA/V correlation, the MDT can be predicted with a deviation of ≤5 min for a given SA/V. Using correlations of fit parameters and SA/V, RMSEP values of 0.6-2.8% and 1.6-3.4% were obtained for the BCS I formulations and RMSEP values of 1.0-3.8% were obtained for the BCS II formulation, indicating accurate prediction over a wide range of dissolution profiles. With this approach, MDT and release profiles of dosage forms with a given SA/V can be precisely predicted without performing dissolution tests and vice versa, the required SA/V can be predicted for a desired release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julian Quodbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.W.); (R.C.)
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Statistical design of experiment-based formulation development and optimization of 3D printed oral controlled release drug delivery with multi target product profile. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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56
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Gueche YA, Sanchez-Ballester NM, Cailleaux S, Bataille B, Soulairol I. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), a New Chapter in the Production of Solid Oral Forms (SOFs) by 3D Printing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1212. [PMID: 34452173 PMCID: PMC8399326 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing is a new emerging technology in the pharmaceutical manufacturing landscape. Its potential advantages for personalized medicine have been widely explored and commented on in the literature over recent years. More recently, the selective laser sintering (SLS) technique has been investigated for oral drug-delivery applications. Thus, this article reviews the work that has been conducted on SLS 3D printing for the preparation of solid oral forms (SOFs) from 2017 to 2020 and discusses the opportunities and challenges for this state-of-the-art technology in precision medicine. Overall, the 14 research articles reviewed report the use of SLS printers equipped with a blue diode laser (445-450 nm). The review highlights that the printability of pharmaceutical materials, although an important aspect for understanding the sintering process has only been properly explored in one article. The modulation of the porosity of printed materials appears to be the most interesting outcome of this technology for pharmaceutical applications. Generally, SLS shows great potential to improve compliance within fragile populations. The inclusion of "Quality by Design" tools in studies could facilitate the deployment of SLS in clinical practice, particularly where Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) for 3D-printing processes do not currently exist. Nevertheless, drug stability and powder recycling remain particularly challenging in SLS. These hurdles could be overcome by collaboration between pharmaceutical industries and compounding pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis A. Gueche
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (Y.A.G.); (N.M.S.-B.); (S.C.); (B.B.)
| | | | - Sylvain Cailleaux
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (Y.A.G.); (N.M.S.-B.); (S.C.); (B.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nimes, France
| | - Bernard Bataille
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (Y.A.G.); (N.M.S.-B.); (S.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Ian Soulairol
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (Y.A.G.); (N.M.S.-B.); (S.C.); (B.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nimes, France
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57
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Opportunities and challenges of three-dimensional printing technology in pharmaceutical formulation development. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2488-2504. [PMID: 34567958 PMCID: PMC8447232 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing is a technology that prints the products layer-by-layer, in which materials are deposited according to the digital model designed by computer aided design (CAD) software. This technology has competitive advantages regarding product design complexity, product personalization, and on-demand manufacturing. The emergence of 3D technology provides innovative strategies and new ways to develop novel drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the application of 3D printing technologies in the pharmaceutical field, with an emphasis on the advantages of 3D printing technologies for achieving rapid drug delivery, personalized drug delivery, compound drug delivery and customized drug delivery. In addition, this article illustrates the limitations and challenges of 3D printing technologies in the field of pharmaceutical formulation development.
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58
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A review of three-dimensional printing for pharmaceutical applications: Quality control, risk assessment and future perspectives. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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59
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Parulski C, Jennotte O, Lechanteur A, Evrard B. Challenges of fused deposition modeling 3D printing in pharmaceutical applications: Where are we now? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113810. [PMID: 34029646 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, fused deposition modeling has become one of the most used three-dimensional printing technologies in the pharmaceutical field. The production of personalized dosage forms for individualized therapy and the modification of the drug release profile by the elaboration of complex geometries make fused deposition modeling a promising tool for small-scale production. However, fused deposition modeling has a considerable number of challenges to overcome. They are divided into three categories of parameters. Material-specific parameters encompass the physicochemical properties of the filament, like thermal, mechanical and rheological properties. They determine the feasibility of the printing process. Operation-specific parameters relate to the processing conditions of printing, such as printing temperature and infill density, which have an influence on the final quality and on the dissolution behavior of the objects. The printer equipment is defined by the machine-specific parameters. Some modifications of this equipment also enhance the performance of the printing process. The aim of this review is to highlight the major fused deposition modeling critical process parameters in the pharmaceutical field and possible solutions in order to speed up the development of objects in the pharmaceutical market.
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60
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Muñiz Castro B, Elbadawi M, Ong JJ, Pollard T, Song Z, Gaisford S, Pérez G, Basit AW, Cabalar P, Goyanes A. Machine learning predicts 3D printing performance of over 900 drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2021; 337:530-545. [PMID: 34339755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a transformative technology that is advancing pharmaceutical research by producing personalized drug products. However, advances made via 3DP have been slow due to the lengthy trial-and-error approach in optimization. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology that could revolutionize pharmaceutical 3DP through analyzing large datasets. Herein, literature-mined data for developing AI machine learning (ML) models was used to predict key aspects of the 3DP formulation pipeline and in vitro dissolution properties. A total of 968 formulations were mined and assessed from 114 articles. The ML techniques explored were able to learn and provide accuracies as high as 93% for values in the filament hot melt extrusion process. In addition, ML algorithms were able to use data from the composition of the formulations with additional input features to predict the drug release of 3D printed medicines. The best prediction was obtained by an artificial neural network that was able to predict drug release times of a formulation with a mean error of ±24.29 min. In addition, the most important variables were revealed, which could be leveraged in formulation development. Thus, it was concluded that ML proved to be a suitable approach to modelling the 3D printing workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brais Muñiz Castro
- IRLab, CITIC Research Center, Department of Computer Science, University of A Coruña, Spain
| | - Moe Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jun Jie Ong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Thomas Pollard
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Zhe Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent, England TN24 8DH, UK
| | - Gilberto Pérez
- IRLab, CITIC Research Center, Department of Computer Science, University of A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Abdul W Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent, England TN24 8DH, UK.
| | - Pedro Cabalar
- IRLab, Department of Computer Science, University of A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent, England TN24 8DH, UK; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
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61
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Seoane-Viaño I, Trenfield SJ, Basit AW, Goyanes A. Translating 3D printed pharmaceuticals: From hype to real-world clinical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:553-575. [PMID: 33965461 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a revolutionary technology that is disrupting pharmaceutical development by enabling the production of personalised printlets (3D printed drug products) on demand. By creating small batches of dose flexible medicines, this versatile technology offers significant advantages for clinical practice and drug development, namely the ability to personalise medicines to individual patient needs, as well as expedite drug development timelines within preclinical studies through to first-in-human (FIH) and Phase I/II clinical trials. Despite the widely demonstrated benefits of 3D printing pharmaceuticals, the clinical potential of the technology is yet to be realised. In this timely review, we provide an overview of the latest cutting-edge investigations in 3D printing pharmaceuticals in the pre-clinical and clinical arena and offer a forward-looking approach towards strategies to further aid the translation of 3D printing into the clinic.
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Algahtani MS, Mohammed AA, Ahmad J, Abdullah MM, Saleh E. 3D Printing of Dapagliflozin Containing Self-Nanoemulsifying Tablets: Formulation Design and In Vitro Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070993. [PMID: 34209066 PMCID: PMC8309195 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3D printing techniques have been explored extensively in recent years for pharmaceutical manufacturing and drug delivery applications. The current investigation aims to explore 3D printing for the design and development of a nanomedicine-based oral solid dosage form of a poorly water-soluble drug. A self-nanoemulsifying tablet formulation of dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate was developed utilizing the semisolid pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM) extrusion-based 3D printing technique. The developed formulation system consists of two major components (liquid and solid phase), which include oils (caproyl 90, octanoic acid) and co-surfactant (PEG 400) as liquid phase while surfactant (poloxamer 188) and solid matrix (PEG 6000) as solid-phase excipients that ultimately self-nanoemulsify as a drug encapsulated nanoemulsion system on contact with aqueous phase/gastrointestinal fluid. The droplet size distribution of the generated nanoemulsion from a self-nanoemulsifying 3D printed tablet was observed to be 104.7 ± 3.36 nm with polydispersity index 0.063 ± 0.024. The FT-IR analysis of the printed tablet revealed that no drug-excipients interactions were observed. The DSC and X-RD analysis of the printed tablet revealed that the loaded drug is molecularly dispersed in the crystal lattice of the tablet solid matrix and remains solubilized in the liquid phase of the printed tablet. SEM image of the drug-loaded self-nanoemulsifying tablets revealed that dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate was completely encapsulated in the solid matrix of the printed tablet, which was further confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. The in vitro dissolution profile of dapagliflozin-loaded self-nanoemulsifying tablet revealed an immediate-release drug profile for all three sizes (8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm) tablets, exhibiting >75.0% drug release within 20 min. Thus, this study has emphasized the capability of the PAM-based 3D printing technique to print a self-nanoemulsifying tablet dosage form with an immediate-release drug profile for poorly water-soluble drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Algahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Abdul Aleem Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-175428744
| | - M. M. Abdullah
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Department of Physics, College of Arts and Science, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ehab Saleh
- Future Manufacturing Processes Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
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63
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Zheng Y, Deng F, Wang B, Wu Y, Luo Q, Zuo X, Liu X, Cao L, Li M, Lu H, Cheng S, Li X. Melt extrusion deposition (MED™) 3D printing technology – A paradigm shift in design and development of modified release drug products. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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64
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Mohammed AA, Algahtani MS, Ahmad MZ, Ahmad J. Optimization of semisolid extrusion (pressure-assisted microsyringe)-based 3D printing process for advanced drug delivery application. ANNALS OF 3D PRINTED MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2021.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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65
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Borandeh S, van Bochove B, Teotia A, Seppälä J. Polymeric drug delivery systems by additive manufacturing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:349-373. [PMID: 33831477 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining interests in drug delivery applications, offering innovative opportunities for the design and development of systems with complex geometry and programmed controlled release profile. In addition, polymer-based drug delivery systems can improve drug safety, efficacy, patient compliance, and are the key materials in AM. Therefore, combining AM and polymers can be beneficial to overcome the existing limitations in the development of controlled release drug delivery systems. Considering these advantages, here we are focusing on the recent developments in the field of polymeric drug delivery systems prepared by AM. This review provides a comprehensive overview on a holistic polymer-AM perspective for drug delivery systems with discussion on the materials, properties, design and fabrication techniques and the mechanisms used to achieve a controlled release system. The current challenges and future perspectives for personalized medicine and clinical use of these systems are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Borandeh
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Bas van Bochove
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Arun Teotia
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland.
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66
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Tagami T, Morimura C, Ozeki T. Effective and simple prediction model of drug release from "ghost tablets" fabricated using a digital light projection-type 3D printer. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120721. [PMID: 34022253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The application of 3D printing technology to pharmaceuticals is expanding, and 3D-printed drug formulations comprising various materials and excipients have been developed using different types of 3D printers. Here, we used a digital light processing-type 3D printer to fabricate poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)-based "ghost tablets" that release entrapped drug but do not disintegrate. Three drugs with different aqueous solubilities were incorporated separately into the tablets, and the effects of printer ink composition and printing conditions on tablet formation and drug release were investigated. We also constructed a simple and effective model to predict the drug release profiles of the 3D-printed PEGDA-based tablets based on printer ink compositions and printing conditions. Drug release profiles were constructed by combining data for the amount of drug released at a specified time (15 hr) predicted by a regression algorithm generated by machine learning (multiple linear regression) and the drug release kinetics model generated by a binary classification algorithm (support vector machine). The proposed prediction model is unique and provides information useful for the development of 3D-printed PEGDA-based tablets as future tailored medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Tagami
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Chisa Morimura
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ozeki
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
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67
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Geraili A, Xing M, Mequanint K. Design and fabrication of drug‐delivery systems toward adjustable release profiles for personalized treatment. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Geraili
- School of Biomedical Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Manitoba and Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
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Effects of porosity on drug release kinetics of swellable and erodible porous pharmaceutical solid dosage forms fabricated by hot melt droplet deposition 3D printing. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120626. [PMID: 33957266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
3D printing has the unique ability to produce porous pharmaceutical solid dosage forms on-demand. Although using porosity to alter drug release kinetics has been proposed in the literature, the effects of porosity on the swellable and erodible porous solid dosage forms have not been explored. This study used a model formulation containing hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), polyethylene oxide (PEO) and paracetamol and a newly developed hot melt droplet deposition 3D printing method, Arburg plastic free-forming (APF), to examine the porosity effects on in vitro drug release. This is the first study reporting the use of APF on 3D printing porous pharmaceutical tablets. With the unique pellet feeding mechanism of APF, it is important to explore its potential applications in pharmaceutical additive manufacturing. The pores were created by altering the infill percentages (%) of the APF printing between 20 and 100% to generate porous tablets. The printing quality of these porous tablets was examined. The APF printed formulation swelled in pH 1.2 HCl and eroded in pH 6.8 PBS. During the dissolution at pH 1.2, the swelling of the printing pathway led to the gradual decreases in the open pore area and complete closure of pores for the tablets with high infills. In pH 6.8 buffer media, the direct correlation between drug release rate and infills was observed for the tablets printed with infill at and less than 60%. The results revealed that drug release kinetics were controlled by the complex interplay of the porosity and dynamic changes of the tablets caused by swelling and erosion. It also implied the potential impact of fluid hydrodynamics on the in vitro data collection and interpretation of porous solids.
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69
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Curti C, Kirby DJ, Russell CA. Stereolithography Apparatus Evolution: Enhancing Throughput and Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Formulation Development. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050616. [PMID: 33922928 PMCID: PMC8145482 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical applications of 3D printing technologies are growing rapidly. Among these, vat photopolymerisation (VP) techniques, including Stereolithography (SLA) hold much promise for their potential to deliver personalised medicines on-demand. SLA 3D printing offers advantageous features for pharmaceutical production, such as operating at room temperature and offering an unrivaled printing resolution. However, since conventional SLA apparatus are designed to operate with large volumes of a single photopolymer resin, significant throughput limitations remain. This, coupled with the limited choice of biocompatible polymers and photoinitiators available, hold back the pharmaceutical development using such technologies. Hence, the aim of this work was to develop a novel SLA apparatus specifically designed to allow rapid and efficient screening of pharmaceutical photopolymer formulations. A commercially available SLA apparatus was modified by designing and fabricating a novel resin tank and build platform able to 3D print up to 12 different formulations at a single time, reducing the amount of sample resin required by 20-fold. The novel SLA apparatus was subsequently used to conduct a high throughput screening of 156 placebo photopolymer formulations. The efficiency of the equipment and formulation printability outcomes were evaluated. Improved time and cost efficiency by 91.66% and 94.99%, respectively, has been confirmed using the modified SLA apparatus to deliver high quality, highly printable outputs, thus evidencing that such modifications offer a robust and reliable tool to optimize the throughput and efficiency of vat photopolymerisation techniques in formulation development processes, which can, in turn, support future clinical applications.
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Amekyeh H, Tarlochan F, Billa N. Practicality of 3D Printed Personalized Medicines in Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:646836. [PMID: 33912058 PMCID: PMC8072378 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.646836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in science over the past century have paved the way for remedial treatment outcomes in various diseases. Pharmacogenomic predispositions, the emergence of multidrug resistance, medication and formulation errors contribute significantly to patient mortality. The concept of "personalized" or "precision" medicines provides a window to addressing these issues and hence reducing mortality. The emergence of three-dimensional printing of medicines over the past decades has generated interests in therapeutics and dispensing, whereby the provisions of personalized medicines can be built within the framework of producing medicines at dispensaries or pharmacies. This plan is a good replacement of the fit-for-all modality in conventional therapeutics, where clinicians are constrained to prescribe pre-formulated dose units available on the market. However, three-dimension printing of personalized medicines faces several hurdles, but these are not insurmountable. In this review, we explore the relevance of personalized medicines in therapeutics and how three-dimensional printing makes a good fit in current gaps within conventional therapeutics in order to secure an effective implementation of personalized medicines. We also explore the deployment of three-dimensional printing of personalized medicines based on practical, legal and regulatory provisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Amekyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | - Nashiru Billa
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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71
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Seoane-Viaño I, Januskaite P, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Basit AW, Goyanes A. Semi-solid extrusion 3D printing in drug delivery and biomedicine: Personalised solutions for healthcare challenges. J Control Release 2021; 332:367-389. [PMID: 33652114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an innovative additive manufacturing technology, capable of fabricating unique structures in a layer-by-layer manner. Semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is a subset of material extrusion 3D printing, and through the sequential deposition of layers of gel or paste creates objects of any desired size and shape. In comparison to other extrusion-based technologies, SSE 3D printing employs low printing temperatures which makes it suitable for drug delivery and biomedical applications, and the use of disposable syringes provides benefits in meeting critical quality requirements for pharmaceutical use. Besides pharmaceutical manufacturing, SSE 3D printing has attracted increasing attention in the field of bioelectronics, particularly in the manufacture of biosensors capable of measuring physiological parameters or as a means to trigger drug release from medical devices. This review begins by highlighting the major printing process parameters and material properties that influence the feasibility of transforming a 3D design into a 3D object, and follows with a discussion on the current SSE 3D printing developments and their applications in the fields of pharmaceutics, bioprinting and bioelectronics. Finally, the advantages and limitations of this technology are explored, before focusing on its potential clinical applications and suitability for preparing personalised medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Seoane-Viaño
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Paraquasil Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Patricija Januskaite
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Abdul W Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK.
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK.
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Fanous M, Bitar M, Gold S, Sobczuk A, Hirsch S, Ogorka J, Imanidis G. Development of immediate release 3D-printed dosage forms for a poorly water-soluble drug by fused deposition modeling: Study of morphology, solid state and dissolution. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120417. [PMID: 33647418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
3D-printing technologies such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) bring a unique opportunity for personalized and flexible near-patient production of pharmaceuticals, potentially improving safety and efficacy for some medications. However, FDM-printed tablets often exhibit tendency for slow dissolution due to polymer erosion-based dissolution mechanisms. Development of immediate release (IR) 3D-printed dosage with poorly water-soluble compounds is even more challenging but necessary to ensure wide applicability of the technology within pharmaceutical development portfolios. In this work, process and morphology were considered to achieve IR of BCS class IV compound lumefantrine as model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) using basic butylated methacrylate copolymer (Eudragit EPO) as matrix former, as well as hydrophilic plasticizer xylitol and pore former maltodextrin. Grid-designed tablets with size acceptable for children from 6 years old and varying programmed infill density were successfully 3D-printed with 5% lumefantrine while higher drug load led to increased brittleness which is incompatible with 3D-printing. Lumefantrine assay was 92 to 97.5% of theoretical content depending on drug load and process parameters. 3D-printed tablets with 65% infill density met rapid release criteria, while 80% and 100% showed slower dissolution. Structural characteristics of 3D-printed tablets with non-continuous surface such as accessible porosity and specific surface area by weight and by volume were quantified by a non-destructive automated µCT-based methodology and were found to correlate with dissolution rate. Increase in accessible porosity, total surface area, specific surface area and decrease in relative density were statistically significant critical factors for modification of lumefantrine dissolution rate. Crystallinity in manufactured tablets and filaments was explored by highly sensitive Raman mapping technique. Lumefantrine was present in the fully amorphous state in the tablets exhibiting adequate stability for on-site manufacturing. The study demonstrates feasibility of immediate release FDM-3D-printed tablets with BCS class IV API and illustrates the correlation of FDM design parameters with morphological and dissolution characteristics of manufactured tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fanous
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Georgios Imanidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland.
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Jain K, Shukla R, Yadav A, Ujjwal RR, Flora SJS. 3D Printing in Development of Nanomedicines. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:420. [PMID: 33562310 PMCID: PMC7914812 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is gaining numerous advances in manufacturing approaches both at macro- and nanoscales. Three-dimensional printing is being explored for various biomedical applications and fabrication of nanomedicines using additive manufacturing techniques, and shows promising potential in fulfilling the need for patient-centric personalized treatment. Initial reports attributed this to availability of novel natural biomaterials and precisely engineered polymeric materials, which could be fabricated into exclusive 3D printed nanomaterials for various biomedical applications as nanomedicines. Nanomedicine is defined as the application of nanotechnology in designing nanomaterials for different medicinal applications, including diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, prevention, and control of diseases. Nanomedicine is also showing great impact in the design and development of precision medicine. In contrast to the "one-size-fits-all" criterion of the conventional medicine system, personalized or precision medicines consider the differences in various traits, including pharmacokinetics and genetics of different patients, which have shown improved results over conventional treatment. In the last few years, much literature has been published on the application of 3D printing for the fabrication of nanomedicine. This article deals with progress made in the development and design of tailor-made nanomedicine using 3D printing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India; (K.J.); (R.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India; (K.J.); (R.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Awesh Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India; (K.J.); (R.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Rewati Raman Ujjwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India;
| | - Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India;
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74
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Liaskoni A, Wildman RD, Roberts CJ. 3D printed polymeric drug-eluting implants. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120330. [PMID: 33540014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An extrusion-based 3D printer has been used for the manufacturing of sustained drug release poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) implants. Such implants can address issues of reduced patient compliance due to the necessary frequent administration of conventional drug delivery systems, such as tablets, capsules and solutions. The selected model drug for this study was lidocaine. Polycaprolactone core-shell implants, as well as polymeric implants with no barrier shell were printed with different drug loading, without the addition of solvents or further excipients. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the structural integrity of the printed formulations, while Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used to detect potential chemical interactions or modifications. Raman spectroscopy was also used to study material distribution in the prints. The drug release rate of the differently printed formulations was evaluated using a USP4 flow-through cell apparatus. All printed implants demonstrated sustained lidocaine release and the effectiveness of the PCL barrier in this regard. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model was suggested as the best fit to drug release profiles for all the produced implants. This work demonstrates that hot-melt extrusion-based 3D printing is a robust and promising technology for the production of personalisable drug-eluting implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Liaskoni
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Clive J Roberts
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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75
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Additive Manufacturing of Oral Tablets: Technologies, Materials and Printed Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020156. [PMID: 33504009 PMCID: PMC7912000 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, enables fabrication of custom-designed and personalized 3D constructs with high complexity in shape and composition. AM has a strong potential to fabricate oral tablets with enhanced customization and complexity as compared to tablets manufactured using conventional approaches. Despite these advantages, AM has not yet become the mainstream manufacturing approach for fabrication of oral solid dosage forms mainly due to limitations of AM technologies and lack of diverse printable drug formulations. In this review, AM of oral tablets are summarized with respect to AM technology. A detailed review of AM methods and materials used for the AM of oral tablets is presented. This article also reviews the challenges in AM of pharmaceutical formulations and potential strategies to overcome these challenges.
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76
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Vaz VM, Kumar L. 3D Printing as a Promising Tool in Personalized Medicine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:49. [PMID: 33458797 PMCID: PMC7811988 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare sector, its goal being to tailor medication to a particular individual by taking into consideration the physiology, drug response, and genetic profile of that individual. There are many technologies emerging to cause this paradigm shift from the conventional "one size fits all" to personalized medicine, the major one being three-dimensional (3D) printing. 3D printing involves the establishment of a three-dimensional object, in a layer upon layer manner using various computer software. 3D printing can be used to construct a wide variety of pharmaceutical dosage forms varying in shape, release profile, and drug combination. The major technological platforms of 3D printing researched on in the pharmaceutical sector include inkjet printing, binder jetting, fused filament fabrication, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, and pressure-assisted microsyringe. A possible future application of this technology could be in a clinical setting, where prescriptions could be dispensed based on individual needs. This manuscript points out the various 3D printing technologies and their applications in research for fabricating pharmaceutical products, along with their pros and cons. It also presents its potential in personalized medicine by individualizing the dose, release profiles, and incorporating multiple drugs in a polypill. An insight on how it tends to various populations is also provided. An approach of how it can be used in a clinical setting is also highlighted. Also, various challenges faced are pointed out, which must be overcome for the success of this technology in personalized medicine.
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77
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Wook Huh H, Na YG, Kang H, Kim M, Han M, Mai Anh Pham T, Lee H, Baek JS, Lee HK, Cho CW. Novel self-floating tablet for enhanced oral bioavailability of metformin based on cellulose. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120113. [PMID: 33246050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has several problems such as low bioavailability, short half-life, and narrow absorption window, sustained and site-specific drug delivery system is required. Floating drug delivery systems are very useful to achieve these purposes. However, conventional floating systems have several limitations; lag time, a high proportion of excipient in the tablet, using non-biocompatible excipient, and requirement of a complicated procedure. To overcome these obstacles, we developed a hollow-core floating tablet (HCFT). The HCFT immediately floated in pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 medium, and even distilled water. The floating duration time of HCFT was>24 h. From the in vitro release study, it was confirmed that HCFT showed the sustain release profile of metformin for 12 h. Water uptake and matrix erosion were evaluated for predicting the buoyancy and drug release kinetics of HCFT in the body. Factor analysis was applied to optimize the formulation. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in metformin plasma concentration of 4 h and 6 h between two groups. Compared with Glucophage® XR, the relative bioavailability of metformin HCFT was 123.81 ± 3.52%. The X-ray imaging of optimized formulation revealed that HCFT was constantly floating in the stomach region of the rabbit, thereby indicating improved gastric retention for>6 h. Consequently, all the findings indicate that HCFT could be an effective gastric retention system and applied extensively to other drugs with narrow absorption windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Wook Huh
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guk Na
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - HeeChol Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Minki Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Han
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Mai Anh Pham
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonmin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Suep Baek
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National Univerisity, Chucheon, Gangwon-do 25949, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Ki Lee
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 53212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheong-Weon Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Long J, Nand A, Ray S. Application of Spectroscopy in Additive Manufacturing. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14010203. [PMID: 33406712 PMCID: PMC7795079 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly expanding material production technique that brings new opportunities in various fields as it enables fast and low-cost prototyping as well as easy customisation. However, it is still hindered by raw material selection, processing defects and final product assessment/adjustment in pre-, in- and post-processing stages. Spectroscopic techniques offer suitable inspection, diagnosis and product trouble-shooting at each stage of AM processing. This review outlines the limitations in AM processes and the prospective role of spectroscopy in addressing these challenges. An overview on the principles and applications of AM techniques is presented, followed by the principles of spectroscopic techniques involved in AM and their applications in assessing additively manufactured parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjunjiao Long
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (A.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Ashveen Nand
- School of Environmental and Animal Sciences and School of Healthcare and Social Practice, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (A.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Sudip Ray
- MBIE Product Accelerator Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (A.N.); (S.R.)
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Ghanizadeh Tabriz A, Nandi U, Hurt AP, Hui HW, Karki S, Gong Y, Kumar S, Douroumis D. 3D printed bilayer tablet with dual controlled drug release for tuberculosis treatment. Int J Pharm 2021; 593:120147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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80
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Siamidi A, Tsintavi E, M. Rekkas D, Vlachou M. 3D-Printed Modified-Release Tablets: A Review of the Recent Advances. Mol Pharmacol 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad spectrum of applications of three-dimensional printing (3D printing, 3DP) has attracted the attention of researchers working in diverse fields. In pharmaceutics, the main idea behind 3D printing products is to design and develop delivery systems that are suited to an individual’s needs. In this way, the size, appearance, shape, and rate of delivery of a wide array of medicines could be easily adjusted. The aim of this chapter is to provide a compilation of the 3D printing techniques, used for the fabrication of oral drug delivery systems, and review the relevant scientific developments in particular those with modified-release characteristics.
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81
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Wang J, Huang J, Zhang J. A Method for Calculating the Critical Velocity of Microdroplets Produced by Circular Nozzles. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2020; 7:338-346. [PMID: 36654672 PMCID: PMC9828564 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2019.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric print-heads (PPHs) are used with a variety of fluid materials with specific functions; thus, matching the drive waveform of the PPH and the physical characteristics of the fluid can greatly improve deposition accuracy and quality. In this study, a distribution equation for the critical point for producing droplets defined in a dimensionless plane composed of Weber and Reynolds numbers was proposed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to calculate the critical point distribution of the droplets generated by various materials in the dimensionless plane. Simulation results showed that the proposed distribution equation could describe the varying laws of the critical points of different materials. Process parameters in the distribution equation were identified using a fitting method based on CFD simulation results. The formula for calculating the critical characteristic velocity and dimensionless coordinates of the generated droplets was proposed based on the identified process parameters. The critical characteristic velocity and dimensionless coordinates of water, ethanol, aniline, and glycol were calculated using the proposed method. The average relative error between the calculated results and those from CFD is less than 5%. The drive waveforms of PPH are designed using the critical characteristic velocity of four different materials. Their droplet generation processes were recorded through a droplet watch system. The experimental results indicate that the flight velocity of the droplets generated at the critical characteristic velocity is close to zero, which indicates that the method proposed in this study is accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
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82
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Internal and marginal discrepancies associated with stereolithography (SLA) additively manufactured zirconia crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:730-737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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83
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Berg S, Krause J, Björkbom A, Walter K, Harun S, Granfeldt A, Janzén D, Nunes SF, Antonsson M, Van Zuydam N, Skrtic S, Hugerth A, Weitschies W, Davies N, Abrahamsson B, Bergström CAS. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of 3D Printed Capsules with Pressure Triggered Release Mechanism for Oral Peptide Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:228-238. [PMID: 33212160 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study a 3D printed capsule designed to break from the physiological pressures in the antropyloric region was evaluated for its ability to deliver the synthetic octapeptide octreotide in beagle dogs when co-formulated with the permeation enhancer sodium caprate. The pressure sensitive capsules were compared to traditional enteric coated hard gelatin capsules and enteric coated tablets. Paracetamol, which is completely absorbed in dogs, was included in the formulations and used as an absorption marker to give information about the in vivo performance of the dosage forms. The pressure sensitive capsules released drug in 50% of the dogs. In the cases where drug was released, there was no difference in octreotide bioavailability or Cmax compared to the enteric coated dosage forms. When comparing all dosage forms, a correlation was seen between paracetamol Cmax and octreotide bioavailability, suggesting that a high drug release rate may be beneficial for peptide absorption when delivered together with sodium caprate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Berg
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julius Krause
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anders Björkbom
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katrin Walter
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Said Harun
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Granfeldt
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Janzén
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandro Filipe Nunes
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, Astrazeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Antonsson
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, Astrazeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalie Van Zuydam
- Data Science and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- Innovation Sciences & External Liaison, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hugerth
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nigel Davies
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bertil Abrahamsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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84
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Okolie O, Stachurek I, Kandasubramanian B, Njuguna J. 3D Printing for Hip Implant Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2682. [PMID: 33202958 PMCID: PMC7697992 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a rising demand for replacement, regeneration of tissues and organ repairs for patients who suffer from diseased/damaged bones or tissues such as hip pains. The hip replacement treatment relies on the implant, which may not always meet the requirements due to mechanical and biocompatibility issues which in turn may aggravate the pain. To surpass these limitations, researchers are investigating the use of scaffolds as another approach for implants. Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers significant potential as an efficient fabrication technique on personalized organs as it is capable of biomimicking the intricate designs found in nature. In this review, the determining factors for hip replacement and the different fabrication techniques such as direct 3D printing, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and stereolithography (SLA) for hip replacement. The study also covers surface modifications of 3D printed implants and provides an overview on 3D tissue regeneration. To appreciate the current conventional hip replacement practices, the conventional metallic and ceramic materials are covered, highlighting their rationale as the material of choice. Next, the challenges, ethics and trends in the implants' 3D printing are covered and conclusions drawn. The outlook and challenges are also presented here. The knowledge from this review indicates that 3D printing has enormous potential for providing a pathway for a sustainable hip replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Okolie
- Centre of Advanced Engineering Materials, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Riverside East, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, UK;
| | - Iwona Stachurek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Krakow Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopianska Street, 30-418 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Rapid Prototyping Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411025, India;
| | - James Njuguna
- Centre of Advanced Engineering Materials, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Riverside East, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, UK;
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85
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Jamróz W, Pyteraf J, Kurek M, Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Szafraniec-Szczęsny J, Jurkiewicz K, Leszczyński B, Wróbel A, Paluch M, Jachowicz R. Multivariate Design of 3D Printed Immediate-Release Tablets with Liquid Crystal-Forming Drug-Itraconazole. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214961. [PMID: 33158192 PMCID: PMC7662355 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The simplicity of object shape and composition modification make additive manufacturing a great option for customized dosage form production. To achieve this goal, the correlation between structural and functional attributes of the printed objects needs to be analyzed. So far, it has not been deeply investigated in 3D printing-related papers. The aim of our study was to modify the functionalities of printed tablets containing liquid crystal-forming drug itraconazole by introducing polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymers into the filament-forming matrices composed predominantly of poly(vinyl alcohol). The effect of the molecular reorganization of the drug and improved tablets’ disintegration was analyzed in terms of itraconazole dissolution. Micro-computed tomography was applied to analyze how the design of a printed object (in this case, a degree of an infill) affects its reproducibility during printing. It was also used to analyze the structure of the printed dosage forms. The results indicated that the improved disintegration obtained due to the use of Kollidon®CL-M was more beneficial for the dissolution of itraconazole than the molecular rearrangement and liquid crystal phase transitions. The lower infill density favored faster dissolution of the drug from printed tablets. However, it negatively affected the reproducibility of the 3D printed object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Jamróz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
- Correspondence: (W.J.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-12-62-05-600 (W.J. & M.K.)
| | - Jolanta Pyteraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Mateusz Kurek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
- Correspondence: (W.J.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-12-62-05-600 (W.J. & M.K.)
| | - Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Division of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (K.J.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Joanna Szafraniec-Szczęsny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Karolina Jurkiewicz
- Division of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (K.J.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Leszczyński
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.L.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.L.); (A.W.)
| | - Marian Paluch
- Division of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (K.J.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Renata Jachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
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86
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Durga Prasad Reddy R, Sharma V. Additive manufacturing in drug delivery applications: A review. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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87
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Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing technique where objects are created under computer control. Apart from opening many avenues of manufacturing, 3D printing of medicine has become a lucrative area in research. The technology can deliver customised and effectively on-demand treatments for individuals with unique needs; drug delivery system capable of dispensing spatially accurate and low volumes of medicine; preparation of medicine comprised of complex composition and geometric shape. Advent of 3D printed drugs like Spritam® has been FDA approved which have heightened the hopes. Pharmaceutical industry at present is shifting from mass production to personalised medicine as it promises future production of on-demand printed drugs with customised doses, increased productivity and cost-effectiveness. The goal of this article is to outline and explore the various approaches, along with the key aspects of drug printing, and also allow space for exploration of the main areas of 3D printing to be tackled in the future in order to make it an effective manufacturing route for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Srivastava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, DIT University, Dehradun, India
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88
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Cheng Y, Qin H, Acevedo NC, Jiang X, Shi X. 3D printing of extended-release tablets of theophylline using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hydrogels. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119983. [PMID: 33065220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An extrusion based 3D printer was used to prepare the semi-solid tablets with different drug loading dosages (75, 100, 125 mg) under ambient temperature. The active pharmaceutical ingredient, theophylline, was uploaded within the hydrogels prepared of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K4M or E4M. The HPMC concentrations were adjusted to different levels (10 and 12% w/w) to fulfill the requirements for 3D printing. Rheological and textural properties, as well as release profiles, were significantly affected by the type and concentration of excipient regardless of theophylline doses used. The printing material should exhibit shear-thinning behavior, keeping yield stress less than 4000 Pa and a loss factor (tanδ = G''/G') between 0.2 and 0.7, especially for 3D printing purposes using the current platform. The SEM images demonstrated that the hydrogel matrix exhibited a porous structure, which had the potential to encapsulate the theophylline clusters within its microstructure. The in vitro dissolution test showed that the release of all tablets was extended over 12 h, and the calculation of drug release kinetic models revealed that the 3D printed HPMC matrices release the theophylline by diffusion and erosion mechanisms. The excipient HPMC K4M 12% w/w hydrogel was optimal to load the theophylline with flexible dosage combinations due to the great extrudability and shape retention ability. The exploration of rheological properties was investigated in this study, and the results revealed that it is a feasible method to predict the SSE 3D printability and quality of hydrogel-API blend materials for the drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Cheng
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Hantang Qin
- Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Nuria C Acevedo
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Xuepeng Jiang
- Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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89
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Elkasabgy NA, Mahmoud AA, Maged A. 3D printing: An appealing route for customized drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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90
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Chang SY, Li SW, Kowsari K, Shetty A, Sorrells L, Sen K, Nagapudi K, Chaudhuri B, Ma AW. Binder-Jet 3D Printing of Indomethacin-laden Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3054-3063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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91
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Li X, Liu B, Pei B, Chen J, Zhou D, Peng J, Zhang X, Jia W, Xu T. Inkjet Bioprinting of Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10793-10833. [PMID: 32902959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inkjet technique has the capability of generating droplets in the picoliter volume range, firing thousands of times in a few seconds and printing in the noncontact manner. Since its emergence, inkjet technology has been widely utilized in the publishing industry for printing of text and pictures. As the technology developed, its applications have been expanded from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) and even used to fabricate components of electronic devices. At the end of the twentieth century, researchers were aware of the potential value of this technology in life sciences and tissue engineering because its picoliter-level printing unit is suitable for depositing biological components. Currently inkjet technology has been becoming a practical tool in modern medicine serving for drug development, scaffold building, and cell depositing. In this article, we first review the history, principles and different methods of developing this technology. Next, we focus on the recent achievements of inkjet printing in the biological field. Inkjet bioprinting of generic biomaterials, biomacromolecules, DNAs, and cells and their major applications are introduced in order of increasing complexity. The current limitations/challenges and corresponding solutions of this technology are also discussed. A new concept, biopixels, is put forward with a combination of the key characteristics of inkjet printing and basic biological units to bring a comprehensive view on inkjet-based bioprinting. Finally, a roadmap of the entire 3D bioprinting is depicted at the end of this review article, clearly demonstrating the past, present, and future of 3D bioprinting and our current progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinda Li
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxun Liu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Pei
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.,East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Zhou
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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92
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3D printing for drug delivery and biomedical applications. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1668-1681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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93
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94
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Wallis M, Al-Dulimi Z, Tan DK, Maniruzzaman M, Nokhodchi A. 3D printing for enhanced drug delivery: current state-of-the-art and challenges. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1385-1401. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1801714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Wallis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | | | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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95
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Santos RA, Rae M, Dartora VFMC, Matos JKR, Camarini R, Lopes LB. Bioresponsive nanostructured systems for sustained naltrexone release and treatment of alcohol use disorder: Development and biological evaluation. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119474. [PMID: 32473371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, microemulsions capable of transforming into nanostructured hexagonal phase gels in vivo upon uptake of biological fluids for naltrexone prolonged release were investigated as a strategy for management of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Microemulsions were prepared using monoolein, tricaprylin, water and propylene glycol; after preliminary characterization, one formulation was selected, which contained 55% of monoolein-tricaprylin (M-55). This microemulsion displayed size below 200 nm and Newtonian rheological behavior. Liquid crystalline gels formed in vitro upon 8 h of contact with water following a second order kinetics. After 120 h, <50% of naltrexone was released in vitro independently on drug loading (5 or 10%). In vivo, gels formed within 24 h of M-55 subcutaneous administration, and persisted locally for over 30 days providing slow release of the fluorescent marker Alexa fluor compared to a solution. Using the conditioned place preference paradigm, a test used to measure drug's rewarding effects, a single dose of M-55 containing 5% naltrexone reduced the time spent in the ethanol-paired compartment by 1.8-fold compared to saline; this effect was similar to that obtained with daily naltrexone injections, demonstrating the formulation efficacy and its ability to reduce dosing frequency. A more robust effect was observed following administration of M-55 containing 10% of naltrexone, which was compatible with aversion. These results support M-55 as a platform for sustained release of drugs that can be further explored for management of AUD to reduce dosing frequency and aid treatment adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério A Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rae
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa F M C Dartora
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jenyffer K R Matos
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana B Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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96
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Aguilar-de-Leyva Á, Linares V, Casas M, Caraballo I. 3D Printed Drug Delivery Systems Based on Natural Products. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E620. [PMID: 32635214 PMCID: PMC7407805 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the employment of 3D printing technologies in the manufacture of drug delivery systems has increased, due to the advantages that they offer for personalized medicine. Thus, the possibility of producing sophisticated and tailor-made structures loaded with drugs intended for tissue engineering and optimizing the drug dose is particularly interesting in the case of pediatric and geriatric population. Natural products provide a wide range of advantages for their application as pharmaceutical excipients, as well as in scaffolds purposed for tissue engineering prepared by 3D printing technologies. The ability of biopolymers to form hydrogels is exploited in pressure assisted microsyringe and inkjet techniques, resulting in suitable porous matrices for the printing of living cells, as well as thermolabile drugs. In this review, we analyze the 3D printing technologies employed for the preparation of drug delivery systems based on natural products. Moreover, the 3D printed drug delivery systems containing natural products are described, highlighting the advantages offered by these types of excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Casas
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (Á.A.-d.-L.); (V.L.); (I.C.)
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97
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Algahtani MS, Mohammed AA, Ahmad J, Saleh E. Development of a 3D Printed Coating Shell to Control the Drug Release of Encapsulated Immediate-Release Tablets. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1395. [PMID: 32580349 PMCID: PMC7362262 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of 3D printing techniques to control drug release has flourished in the past decade, although there is no generic solution that can be applied to the full range of drugs or solid dosage forms. The present study provides a new concept, using the 3D printing technique to print a coating system in the form of shells with various designs to control/modify drug release in immediate-release tablets. A coating system of cellulose acetate in the form of an encapsulating shell was printed through extrusion-based 3D printing technology, where an immediate-release propranolol HCl tablet was placed inside to achieve a sustained drug release profile. The current work investigated the influence of shell composition by using different excipients and also by exploring the impact of shell size on the drug release from the encapsulated tablet. Three-dimensional printed shells with different ratios of rate-controlling polymer (cellulose acetate) and pore-forming agent (D-mannitol) showed the ability to control the amount and the rate of propranolol HCl release from the encapsulated tablet model. The shell-print approach also showed that space/gap available for drug dissolution between the shell wall and the enclosed tablet significantly influenced the release of propranolol HCl. The modified release profile of propranolol HCl achieved through enclosing the tablet in a 3D printed controlled-release shell followed Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics with non-Fickian diffusion. This approach could be utilized to tailor the release profile of a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class I drug tablet (characterized by high solubility and high permeability) to improve patient compliance and promote personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Algahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Abdul Aleem Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Ehab Saleh
- Future Manufacturing Processes Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
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98
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Karakurt I, Aydoğdu A, Çıkrıkcı S, Orozco J, Lin L. Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing of ascorbic acid loaded hydrogels: A controlled release study. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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99
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Cui M, Pan H, Fang D, Qiao S, Wang S, Pan W. Fabrication of high drug loading levetiracetam tablets using semi-solid extrusion 3D printing. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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100
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Samiei N. Recent trends on applications of 3D printing technology on the design and manufacture of pharmaceutical oral formulation: a mini review. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-020-00040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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