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Targeting the Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response to Counteract the Oxidative Stress-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4946289. [PMID: 29725497 PMCID: PMC5872601 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4946289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In endothelial cells, the tight control of the redox environment is essential for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. The imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant response can induce endothelial dysfunction, the initial event of many cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum could be a new player in the promotion of the pro- or antioxidative pathways and that in such a modulation, the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways play an essential role. The UPR consists of a set of conserved signalling pathways evolved to restore the proteostasis during protein misfolding within the endoplasmic reticulum. Although the first outcome of the UPR pathways is the promotion of an adaptive response, the persistent activation of UPR leads to increased oxidative stress and cell death. This molecular switch has been correlated to the onset or to the exacerbation of the endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we highlight the multiple chances of the UPR to induce or ameliorate oxidative disturbances and propose the UPR pathways as a new therapeutic target for the clinical management of endothelial dysfunction.
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Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) in Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Regulation and Implication. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7900-7920. [PMID: 29488135 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases, including acute attacks (e.g., ischemic stroke) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), have always been one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These debilitating diseases represent an enormous disease burden, not only in terms of health suffering but also in economic costs. Although the clinical presentations differ for these diseases, a growing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in brain tissue significantly contribute to their pathology. However, therapies attempting to prevent oxidative damage or inhibiting inflammation have shown little success. Identification and targeting endogenous "upstream" mediators that normalize such processes will lead to improve therapeutic strategy of these diseases. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is an endogenous inhibitor of the thioredoxin (TRX) system, a major cellular thiol-reducing and antioxidant system. TXNIP regulating redox/glucose-induced stress and inflammation, now is known to get upregulated in stroke and other brain diseases, and represents a promising therapeutic target. In particular, there is growing evidence that glucose strongly induces TXNIP in multiple cell types, suggesting possible physiological roles of TXNIP in glucose metabolism. Recently, a significant body of literature has supported an essential role of TXNIP in the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP3)-inflammasome, a well-established multi-molecular protein complex and a pivotal mediator of sterile inflammation. Accordingly, TXNIP has been postulated to reside centrally in detecting cellular damage and mediating inflammatory responses to tissue injury. The majority of recent studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of TXNIP is neuroprotective and able to reduce detrimental aspects of pathology following cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Conspicuously, the mainstream of the emerging evidences is highlighting TXNIP link to damaging signals in endothelial cells. Thereby, here, we keep the trend to present the accumulative data on CNS diseases dealing with vascular integrity. This review aims to summarize evidence supporting the significant contribution of regulatory mechanisms of TXNIP with the development of brain diseases, explore pharmacological strategies of targeting TXNIP, and outline obstacles to be considered for efficient clinical translation.
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Du Q, Zhang S, Li A, Mohammad IS, Liu B, Li Y. Astragaloside IV Inhibits Adipose Lipolysis and Reduces Hepatic Glucose Production via Akt Dependent PDE3B Expression in HFD-Fed Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:15. [PMID: 29410630 PMCID: PMC5787100 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of astragaloside IV on adipose lipolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Methods: High-fat diet (HFD) feeding induced adipose dysfunction with enhanced endogenous glucose production in mice. The effects of Astragaloside IV on lipolysis and hepatic glucose production were investigated. Results: HFD feeding induced cAMP accumulation through reducing PDE3B expression and activity in adipose tissue. As a result, HFD feeding increased adipose lipolysis in mice. Astragaloside IV enhanced Akt phosphorylation and promoted Akt binding to PDE3B to preserve PDE3B content, resultantly reducing adipose cAMP accumulation. Knockdown of Akt1/2 diminished the effect of astragaloside IV on PDE3B induction, indicative of the role of Akt in astragaloside IV action. As a result from blocking of cAMP/PKA signaling, astragaloside IV suppressed hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activation and inhibited inflammation-associated adipose lipolysis. Moreover, astragaloside IV reduced ectopic fat deposition in the liver and inhibited FoxO1 activation via regulation of Akt, resultantly restraining excess hepatic glucose production. Conclusion: We showed that preserving PDE3B content by Akt is a key regulation to prevent lipolysis. Astragaloside IV inhibited lipolysis by reducing cAMP accumulation via regulation of Akt/PDE3B, contributing to limiting hepatic lipid deposition and restraining excessive hepatic glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Du
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuihong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyun Li
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Imran S Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanwu Li
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Li H, Wang P, Huang F, Jin J, Wu H, Zhang B, Wang Z, Shi H, Wu X. Astragaloside IV protects blood-brain barrier integrity from LPS-induced disruption via activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 340:58-66. [PMID: 29294303 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells of cerebral microvessels are one of the components of blood-brain-barrier (BBB), which are connected by tight junctions (TJs). BBB disruption in cerebral diseases such as ischemic stroke, Alzhemer's disease, multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury is implicated to exacerbate the disease progression. Astragaloside IV (ASIV) isolated from Astragalus membranaceus prevents BBB breakdown in rodents induced with cerebral edema and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, its underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated yet. In present study, ASIV was found to prevent the leakage of BBB in LPS-induced mice, which was accompanied with increased zo-1 and occludin but reduced VCAM-1 in brain microvessels. Similarly, in brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3 cells, ASIV mitigated the increased permeability induced by LPS, as evidenced by increased TEER and reduced sodium fluorescein extravasation. ASIV also enhanced the expression of TJ proteins such as zo-1, occludin and claudin-5 in LPS stimulated bEnd.3 cells. Meanwhile, it inhibited the inflammatory responses and prevented the monocyte adhesion onto bEnd.3 cells upon LPS stimulation. Further study disclosed that ASIV could alleviate ROS level and activate Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in bEnd.3 cells. When Nrf2 was silenced, the protective effect of ASIV was abolished. In brain microvessels of LPS-induced mice, ASIV also enhanced the expression of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway related proteins. Collectively, our results demonstrated that ASIV protected the integrity of BBB in LPS-induced mice, the mechanism of which might be mediated via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. The findings suggested that ASIV might be a potential neuroprotective drug acting on BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinmei Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Deng X, Zhang Y, Xu K. Baicalin protects AML-12 cells from lipotoxicity via the suppression of ER stress and TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:189-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ke B, Shen W, Fang X, Wu Q. The NLPR3 inflammasome and obesity-related kidney disease. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:16-24. [PMID: 28857469 PMCID: PMC5742686 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the prevalence of obesity has increased, accompanied by a parallel increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mounting evidence suggests that high body mass index (BMI) and obesity are important risk factors for CKD, but little is known about the mechanisms of obesity‐related kidney disease (ORKD). The NLRP3 inflammasome is a polyprotein complex that plays a crucial role in the inflammatory process, and numerous recent studies suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in ORKD development and may serve as a key modulator of ORKD. Moreover, inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to attenuate ORKD. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the link between the NLRP3 inflammasome and ORKD and discuss targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome as a novel therapeutic approach for ORKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ke
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Cheng Y, Wei Y, Yang W, Song Y, Shang H, Cai Y, Wu Z, Zhao W. Cordycepin confers neuroprotection in mice models of intracerebral hemorrhage via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1133-1145. [PMID: 28401330 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been recognized as a major contributor to brain injury caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome acts as an important mediator of inflammatory response in various inflammation-related diseases including hemorrhagic insults. Cordycepin has recently been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effect; however, its role and the possible underlying mechanisms in ICH remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of cordycepin in mice models of ICH and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. ICH was induced in male ICR mice by injecting autologous blood infusion stereotactically. Cordycepin was then given intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 30 min after ICH induction. The results demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome was activated and exacerbated the inflammatory progression after ICH. Cordycepin treatment significantly alleviated neurological deficits, brain edema, and perihematomal tissue damage following ICH. These changes were accompanied by downregulated NLRP3 inflammasome components expression and a reduction of production and release of inflammasome substrates interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Furthermore, cordycepin ameliorated neuronal death in the perihematomal regions, accompanied by a large reduction in the expression of high-mobility group protein B 1 (HMGB1) post-ICH. In conclusion, this study provides in vivo evidence that cordycepin confers neuroprotective effect in the models of ICH, possibly through the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxu Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaying Song
- Department of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, North Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhebao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Astragaloside IV attenuates free fatty acid-induced ER stress and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes via AMPK activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:998-1008. [PMID: 28344322 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not completely understood, the increased influx of free fatty acids (FFAs) into the liver and the FFA-induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are two crucial pathogenic processes in the initiation and development of NAFLD. In this study we investigated the effects of astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a bioactive compound purified from Astragali Radix, on FFA-induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Human HepG2 cells and primary murine hepatocytes were exposed to FFAs (1 mmol/L, oleate/palmitate, 2:1 ratio) with or without AS-IV for 24 h. Exposure to FFAs induced marked lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, whereas co-treatment with AS-IV (100 μg/mL) significantly attenuated this phenomenon. Notably, AS-IV (50-200 μg/mL) concentration-dependently enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and SREBP-1c, inhibited the accumulation and nuclear translocation of mature SREBP-1 and subsequently decreased the mRNA levels of lipogenic genes including acc1, fas and scd1. AS-IV treatment also concentration-dependently attenuated FFA-induced hepatic ER stress evidenced by the reduction of the key markers, GRP78, CHOP and p-PERK. Pretreated the cells with the AMPK inhibitor compound C (20 μmol/L) greatly diminished these beneficial effects of AS-IV. Our results demonstrate that AS-IV attenuates FFA-induced ER stress and lipid accumulation in an AMPK-dependent manner in hepatocytes, which supports its use as promising therapeutics for hepatic steatosis.
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Gu M, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Huang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Fan S, Yang L, Ji G, Tong Q, Huang C. Cycloastragenol improves hepatic steatosis by activating farnesoid X receptor signalling. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:22-32. [PMID: 28428116 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a global health problem. However, there is no approved therapy for NAFLD. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a potential drug target for treatment of NAFLD. In an attempt to screen FXR agonists, we found that cycloastragenol (CAG), a natural occurring compound in Astragali Radix, stimulated FXR transcription activity. In animal studies, we demonstrated that CAG treatment resulted in obvious reduction of high-fat diet induced lipid accumulation in liver accompanied by lowered blood glucose, serum triglyceride levels and hepatic bile acid pool size. The stimulation of FXR signalling by CAG treatment in DIO mice was confirmed via gene expression and western blot analysis. Molecular docking data further supported the interaction of CAG and FXR. In addition, CAG alleviated hepatic steatosis in methionine and choline deficient L-amino acid diet (MCD) induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice. Our data suggest that CAG ameliorates NAFLD via the enhancement of FXR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwen Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity Systems, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Targeting endothelial metaflammation to counteract diabesity cardiovascular risk: Current and perspective therapeutic options. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:226-241. [PMID: 28408314 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The association of obesity and diabetes, termed "diabesity", defines a combination of primarily metabolic disorders with insulin resistance as the underlying common pathophysiology. Cardiovascular disorders associated with diabesity represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. This makes diabesity, with its rising impacts on both health and economics, one of the most challenging biomedical and social threats of present century. The emerging comprehension of the genes whose alteration confers inter-individual differences on risk factors for diabetes or obesity, together with the potential role of genetically determined variants on mechanisms controlling responsiveness, effectiveness and safety of anti-diabetic therapy underlines the need of additional knowledge on molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of diabesity. Endothelial cell dysfunction, resulting from the unbalanced production of endothelial-derived vascular mediators, is known to be present at the earliest stages of insulin resistance and obesity, and may precede the clinical diagnosis of diabetes by several years. Once considered as a mere consequence of metabolic abnormalities, it is now clear that endothelial dysfunctional activity may play a pivotal role in the progression of diabesity. In the vicious circle where vascular defects and metabolic disturbances worsen and reinforce each other, a low-grade, chronic, and 'cold' inflammation (metaflammation) has been suggested to serve as the pathophysiological link that binds endothelial and metabolic dysfunctions. In this paradigm, it is important to consider how traditional antidiabetic treatments (specifically addressing metabolic dysregulation) may directly impact on inflammatory processes or cardiovascular function. Indeed, not all drugs currently available to treat diabetes possess the same anti-inflammatory potential, or target endothelial cell function equally. Perspective strategies pointing at reducing metaflammation or directly addressing endothelial dysfunction may disclose beneficial consequences on metabolic regulation. This review focuses on existing and potential new approaches ameliorating endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in the context of diabesity.
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Sun C, Jiang M, Zhang L, Yang J, Zhang G, Du B, Ren Y, Li X, Yao J. Cycloastragenol mediates activation and proliferation suppression in concanavalin A-induced mouse lymphocyte pan-activation model. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:131-139. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1300170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghong Sun
- Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Pharmaceutical Technology for Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, PR China
| | - Mingmin Jiang
- Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Pharmaceutical Technology for Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Pharmaceutical Technology for Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Pharmaceutical Technology for Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, PR China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Pharmaceutical Technology for Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
| | - Bingyuan Du
- Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Pharmaceutical Technology for Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, PR China
| | - Yushan Ren
- Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Pharmaceutical Technology for Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Pharmaceutical Technology for Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, PR China
| | - Jingchun Yao
- Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Pharmaceutical Technology for Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China
- Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, PR China
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Meng JJ, Li SP, Zhao FY, Tong Y, Mu DZ, Qu Y. [Effect of telomerase activation on biological behaviors of neural stem cells in rats with hypoxic-ischemic insults]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:229-236. [PMID: 28202125 PMCID: PMC7389468 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of telomerase activation on biological behaviors of neural stem cells after hypoxic-ischemic insults. METHODS The neural stem cells passaged in vitro were divided into four groups: control, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), OGD+cycloastragenol (CAG) high concentration (final concentration of 25 μM), and OGD+CAG low concentration (final concentration of 10 μM). The latter three groups were subjected to OGD. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression level was evaluated by Western blot. Telomerase activity was detected by telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). Cell number and neural sphere diameter were measured under a microscope. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was examined by chemiluminescence. Cell proliferation rate and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS After OGD insults, obvious injury of neural stem cells was observed, including less cell number, smaller neural sphere, more dead cells, lower proliferation rate and decreased survival rate. In CAG-treated groups, there were higher TERT expression level and telomerase activity compared with the control group (P<0.05). In comparison with the OGD group, CAG treatment attenuated cell loss (P<0.05) and neural sphere diameter decrease (P<0.05), promoted cell proliferation (P<0.05), and increased cell survival rate (P<0.05). Low and high concentrations of CAG had similar effects on proliferation and survival of neural stem cells (P>0.05). In the normal cultural condition, CAG treatment also enhanced TERT expression (P<0.05) and increased cell numbers (P<0.05) and neural sphere diameter (P<0.05) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Telomerase activation can promote the proliferation and improve survival of neural stem cells under the state of hypoxic-ischemic insults, suggesting telomerase activators might be potential agents for the therapy of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Tarahovsky YS, Fadeeva IS, Komelina NP, Khrenov MO, Zakharova NM. Antipsychotic inductors of brain hypothermia and torpor-like states: perspectives of application. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:173-184. [PMID: 27933367 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypothermia and hypometabolism (hypometabothermia) normally observed during natural hibernation and torpor, allow animals to protect their body and brain against the damaging effects of adverse environment. A similar state of hypothermia can be achieved under artificial conditions through physical cooling or pharmacological effects directed at suppression of metabolism and the processes of thermoregulation. In these conditions called torpor-like states, the mammalian ability to recover from stroke, heart attack, and traumatic injuries greatly increases. Therefore, the development of therapeutic methods for different pathologies is a matter of great concern. With the discovery of the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine in the 1950s of the last century, the first attempts to create a pharmacologically induced state of hibernation for therapeutic purposes were made. That was the beginning of numerous studies in animals and the broad use of therapeutic hypothermia in medicine. Over the last years, many new agents have been discovered which were capable of lowering the body temperature and inhibiting the metabolism. The psychotropic agents occupy a significant place among them, which, in our opinion, is not sufficiently recognized in the contemporary literature. In this review, we summarized the latest achievements related to the ability of modern antipsychotics to target specific receptors in the brain, responsible for the initiation of hypometabothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury S Tarahovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290. .,Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290.
| | - Irina S Fadeeva
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290.,Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290
| | - Natalia P Komelina
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290
| | - Maxim O Khrenov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290
| | - Nadezhda M Zakharova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290
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Shao Y, Qi X, Xu X, Wang K, Wu Y, Xia L. TGP attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulates the expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:489-495. [PMID: 28025459 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)-inflammation chain contributes to diabetic renal injury. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether total glucosides of peony (TGP) could inhibit ERS and attenuate up-regulation of TXNIP in the kidneys of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. TGP was orally administered daily at a dose of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg for 8 weeks. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phospho-protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (p-PERK), phosphor- eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and TXNIP was assessed. Results indicated that TGP significantly decreased diabetes-induced albuminuria and it acted by down-regulating activation of the ERS-TXNIP-inflammation chain in the kidneys of diabetic rats. These findings indicate that renoprotection from TGP in diabetic rats possibly contributed to inhibition of ERS and decreased expression of TXNIP. These findings also offer a new perspective from which to study the molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy and prevent its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Shao
- Department of Nephropathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
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Li J, Huang L, Wang S, Yao Y, Zhang Z. Astragaloside IV attenuates inflammatory reaction via activating immune function of regulatory T-cells inhibited by HMGB1 in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3217-3225. [PMID: 27564970 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1216133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a highly abundant protein that can promote the pathogenesis of inflammatory. Some experiments have demonstrated a vital role for HMGB1 to modulate the immune function of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Astragaloside IV (AST IV), an extract from Astragalus membranaceus Moench (Leguminosae), has been shown to exert potent cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. It is still unclear whether AST IV has a latent effect on the proinflammatory ability of HMGB1 with subsequent activation of Tregs in vivo. OBJECTIVE This research explores the antagonism of different doses of AST IV on the immunologic function of Tregs mediated by HMGB1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse models (BALB/c) were constructed by which normal saline or AST IV was administered i.p. at 2, 4 and 6 days after the administration i.p. of 20 μg recombinate HMGB1. Spleen was used to procure Treg and CD4 + CD25- T-cells which were co-cultured with Treg. Cell phenotypes of Tregs(Foxp3) were examined, and the cytokine levels in supernatants and the proliferation of T-cells were assayed. Gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS (1) The expression levels of Foxp3 in Treg on post-stimulus days (PSD) 1-7 were significantly decreased in the HMGB1 group in comparison to those in the control group mice (p < 0.01). The Foxp3 expression was markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner in the AST group as compared with those in the HMGB1 group (p < 0.0 1-0.05). The same results were found in the contents of cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) released into supernatants by Treg. (2) When CD4 + CD25- T-cells were co-cultured with Treg stimulated by HMGB1, the cell proliferation and the levels of cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ) in supernatant were markedly increased as compared with those in the HMGB1 group. The level of IL-4 was markedly decreased as compared with that in the HMGB1 group. The same results were found when CD4 + CD25- T-cells were co-cultured with Treg in the NS group. Compared with those in the NS group, the contrary results were shown in a dose-dependent manner in the AST group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results showed that AST IV has a therapeutic effect on inflammation promoted by HMGB1, and it should be studied as a new drug for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Li
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Lifeng Huang
- b Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yongming Yao
- c Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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Madecassic Acid protects against hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in retinal microvascular endothelial cells via ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:845-852. [PMID: 27728894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Madecassic acid (MA) is an abundant triterpenoid in Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. (Apiaceae) that has been used as a wound-healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. Up to now, the effects of MA against oxidative stress remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of MA and its mechanisms on hypoxia-induced human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (hRMECs). hRMECs were pre-treated with different concentrations of MA (0-50μM) for 30min before being incubated under hypoxia condition (37°C, 5% CO2 and 95% N2). Cell apoptosis was evaluated with MTT assay and TUNEL staining, and the expression of apoptosis- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related molecules was assessed with western blotting and RT-PCR analysis. Intracellular ROS level was evaluated using DCFH-DA. Intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA), dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated using related Kits. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) nuclear translocation was assessed with western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining. MA significantly reduced oxidative stress in hypoxia-induced hRMECs, as shown by increased cell viability, SOD and GSH-PX leakage, decreased TUNEL- and ROS-positive cell ratio, LDH and MDA leakage, caspase-3 and -9 activity, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In addition, MA also attenuated hypoxia-induced ER stress in hRMECs, as shown by reduced mRNA levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous transcription factor (CHOP), protein levels of cleaved activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and inositol-requiring kinase/endonuclease 1 alpha (IRE1α), phosphorylation of pancreatic ER stress kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), cleaved caspase-12 and ATF4 translocation to nucleus. The current study indicated that the regulation of oxidative stress and ER stress by MA would be a promising therapy to reverse the process and development of hypoxia-induced hRMECs dysfunction.
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The Natural Occurring Compounds Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7831282. [PMID: 27563337 PMCID: PMC4987485 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7831282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ER stress has been implicated in pathophysiological development of many diseases. Persistent overwhelming stimuli trigger ER stress to initiate apoptosis, autophagy, and cell death. IRE1-JNK and eIF2α-CHOP signaling pathways are the two important players of ER stress, which is also modulated by ROS production, calcium disturbance, and inflammatory factors. ER stress has been developed as a novel strategy for diseases management. Recently, a vast of research focuses on the natural occurring compounds targeting ER stress, which results in medical benefits to human diseases. These small reported molecules mainly include polyphenols, alkaloids, and saponins. Many of them have been developed for use in clinical applications. To better understand the pharmacological mechanism of these molecules in ER stress in diseases, efforts have been made to discover and deliver medical merits. In this paper, we will summarize the natural occurring compounds targeting ER stress.
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Ma PK, Wei BH, Cao YL, Miao Q, Chen N, Guo CE, Chen HY, Zhang YJ. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and excretion of cycloastragenol, a potent telomerase activator in rats. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:526-537. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1204568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Kai Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,
| | - Bao-Hong Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Drugs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, and
| | - Yan-Ling Cao
- Research Center for Life Science and Environmental Sciences, Haerbin University of Commerce, Haerbin, China
| | - Qing Miao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,
| | - Chang-E Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,
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Abstract
AbstractThe endothelium, a thin single sheet of endothelial cells, is a metabolically active layer that coats the inner surface of blood vessels and acts as an interface between the circulating blood and the vessel wall. The endothelium through the secretion of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors serves as a critical mediator of vascular homeostasis. During the development of the vascular system, it regulates cellular adhesion and vessel wall inflammation in addition to maintaining vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. A shift in the functions of the endothelium towards vasoconstriction, proinflammatory and prothrombic states characterise improper functioning of these cells, leading to endothelial dysfunction (ED), implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases including diabetes. Major mechanisms of ED include the down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels, differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress. ED tends to be the initial event in macrovascular complications such as coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, stroke and microvascular complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Numerous strategies have been developed to protect endothelial cells against various stimuli, of which the role of polyphenolic compounds in modulating the differentially regulated pathways and thus maintaining vascular homeostasis has been proven to be beneficial. This review addresses the factors stimulating ED in diabetes and the molecular mechanisms of natural polyphenol antioxidants in maintaining vascular homeostasis.
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Guo K, He X, Yan Z, Li X, Ren X, Pan L, Qin B. Allelochemicals from the Rhizosphere Soil of Cultivated Astragalus hoantchy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3345-52. [PMID: 27074954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus hoantchy, a widely cultivated medicinal plant species in traditional Chinese and Mongolian medicine, has been often hampered by replant failure during cultivation, like many other herbs of the genus Astragalus. Root aqueous extracts of Astragalus herbs were reported to exhibit allelopathic activity against other plants and autotoxic activity on their own seedlings, but the allelochemicals released by Astragalus plants have not been specified so far. Ten compounds were isolated from the rhizosphere soil extract of cultivated A. hoantchy and elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-6 observably showed allelopathic activity against Lactuca sativa seedlings and autotoxic activity against A. hoantchy seedlings. The isolated compounds were further confirmed and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the rhizosphere soil, with a total concentration of 9.78 μg/g (dry weight). These results specify and verify the allelochemicals released by cultivated A. hoantchy into the soil environment, which may provide new insights into the allelopathic mechanisms of this medicinal plant and probably assist in clarifying the replant problems of Astragalus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Pan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Dong Y, Fan C, Hu W, Jiang S, Ma Z, Yan X, Deng C, Di S, Xin Z, Wu G, Yang Y, Reiter RJ, Liang G. Melatonin attenuated early brain injury induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage via regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis signaling. J Pineal Res 2016; 60:253-62. [PMID: 26639408 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality rates due to the lack of effective therapy. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation associated with the upregulation of apoptotic signaling pathway has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases including hemorrhagic insults. Melatonin is reported to possess substantial anti-inflammatory properties, which is beneficial for early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. However, the molecular mechanisms have not been clearly identified. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against EBI induced by SAH and to elucidate the potential mechanisms. The adult mice were subjected to SAH. Melatonin or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 2 hr after SAH. Melatonin was neuroprotective, as shown by increased survival rate, as well as elevated neurological score, greater survival of neurons, preserved brain glutathione levels, and reduced brain edema, malondialdehyde concentrations, apoptotic ratio, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Melatonin also attenuated the expressions of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), cleaved caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6); these changes were also associated with an increase in the anti-apoptotic factor (Bcl2) and reduction in the pro-apoptotic factor (Bim). In summary, our results demonstrate that melatonin treatment attenuates the EBI following SAH by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-associated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenlong Xin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guiling Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China
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Zhao P, Wang Y, Zeng S, Lu J, Jiang TM, Li YM. Protective effect of astragaloside IV on lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction via downregulation of inflammatory signaling in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:428-33. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1080266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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