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Kim JT, Chen J, Zhou Y, Son MJ, Jeon DH, Kwon JW, Lee GY, Lee HJ. Cycloastragenol inhibits adipogenesis and fat accumulation in vitro and in vivo through activating Hedgehog signaling. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:711-720. [PMID: 38274180 PMCID: PMC10805729 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of cycloastragenol (CAG), a triterpenoid isolated from Astragalus membranaceus roots, on regulating the adipogenesis and fat accumulation in vitro and in vivo. During the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells, CAG inhibited lipid accumulation and the expression of key adipogenic factors, proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and increased the expression of Gli1, a key mediator in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. In HFD-induced animal experiment, CAG significantly reduced body weight gain without affecting brown fat weight. In addition, CAG regulated the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and Gli1 in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT). We also confirmed the inhibitory effect of CAG on specifically targeting white adipose tissue (WAT) formation in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that CAG may be a potent phytochemical preventing adipogenesis and obesity via Hh signaling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01403-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 456-756 South Korea
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 456-756 South Korea
| | - Moon Jeong Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 456-756 South Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 456-756 South Korea
| | - Jung Won Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 456-756 South Korea
| | - Ga Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 456-756 South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 456-756 South Korea
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Kong J, Chen R, Liu R, Wang W, Wang S, Zhang J, Yang N. PLC1 mediated Cycloastragenol-induced stomatal movement by regulating the production of NO in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:571. [PMID: 37978426 PMCID: PMC10655312 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus grows mainly in drought areas. Cycloastragenol (CAG) is a tetracyclic triterpenoid allelochemical extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus root. Phospholipase C (PLC) and Gα-submit of the heterotrimeric G-protein (GPA1) are involved in many biotic or abiotic stresses. Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial gas signal molecule in plants. RESULTS In this study, using the seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), the results showed that low concentrations of CAG induced stomatal closure, and high concentrations inhibited stomatal closure. 30 µmol·L-1 CAG significantly increased the relative expression levels of PLC1 and GPA1 and the activities of PLC and GTP hydrolysis. The stomatal aperture of plc1, gpa1, and plc1/gpa1 was higher than that of WT under CAG treatment. CAG increased the fluorescence intensity of NO in guard cells. Exogenous application of c-PTIO to WT significantly induced stomatal aperture under CAG treatment. CAG significantly increased the relative expression levels of NIA1 and NOA1. Mutants of noa1, nia1, and nia2 showed that NO production was mainly from NOA1 and NIA1 by CAG treatment. The fluorescence intensity of NO in guard cells of plc1, gpa1, and plc1/gpa1 was lower than WT, indicating that PLC1 and GPA1 were involved in the NO production in guard cells. There was no significant difference in the gene expression of PLC1 in WT, nia1, and noa1 under CAG treatment. The gene expression levels of NIA1 and NOA1 in plc1, gpa1, and plc1/gpa1 were significantly lower than WT, indicating that PLC1 and GPA1 were positively regulating NO production by regulating the expression of NIA1 and NOA1 under CAG treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the NO accumulation was essential to induce stomatal closure under CAG treatment, and GPA1 and PLC1 acted upstream of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juantao Kong
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Rongshan Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Simin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Navale GR, Chauhan R, Saini S, Roy P, Ghosh K. Effect of cycloastragenol and punicalagin on Prp(106-126) and Aβ(25-35) oligomerization and fibrillizaton. Biophys Chem 2023; 302:107108. [PMID: 37734278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous neurological disorders, including prion, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are identified as being caused by alterations in protein conformation, aggregation, and metal ion dyshomeostasis. Recent years have seen a significant increase in the exploration and study of natural products (NPs) from plant and microbial sources for their therapeutic potential against several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we have examined the effect of two NPs, cycloastragenol (CAG) and punicalagin (PCG), on the metal-induced oligomerization and aggregation of Aβ25-35 and PrP106-126 peptides. The peptide aggregation and inhibitory properties of both NPs were examined by the thioflavin-T (ThT) assay, MALDI-TOF, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Among the two NPs, PCG significantly binds to the peptides, chelates metal ions (Cu2+ and Zn2+), inhibits peptide aggregation, substantially reduces oxidative stress, and controls the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both NPs exhibited low cytotoxicity and prominently mitigated peptide-mediated cell cytotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells by covalent bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda R Navale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Rahul Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Saakshi Saini
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India.
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Yang MH, Hwang ST, Um JY, Ahn KS. Cycloastragenol exerts protective effects against UVB irradiation in human dermal fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 111:60-67. [PMID: 37474410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycloastragenol (CAG) is a triterpene aglycone of astragaloside IV that possesses various pharmacological actions including improving telomerase activity, inhibiting inflammation and cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis. OBJECTIVE CAG has also shown effect to significantly improve the appearance of aging skin but, its molecular mechanism of protective effect against UVB induced-damage have not been elucidated. We investigated the potential effect of CAG on UVB wrinkle promoting activities and skin-moisturizing effects in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and HaCaT keratinocytes. METHODS After UVB irradiation or H2O2 treatment, the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and ROS generation were measured in CAG-treated HDF cells. In addition, after UVB irradiation, hyaluronic acid and skin hydration factors (filaggrin and SPT) were also analyzed in CAG (0-0.5-1-2 µM)-treated HDF and HaCaT cells. RESULTS We found that CAG caused a significant decrease in the levels of UVB-induced MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13 and ROS generation, also increased UVB-damaged Collagen Ⅰ. We also noted that CAG increased cell viability and can regulate MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13and Collagen Ⅰ in H2O2-damaged HDF cells. Moreover, we noticed that CAG effectively enhanced levels of hyaluronic acid and expression of skin hydration factors (filaggrin and serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT)) in UVB-damaged HDF and HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION This is first report indicating that CAG can exhibit protective effect against UVB and H2O2-induced damages and can contribute in maintenance of healthy skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Yang
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Tae Hwang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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Hu E, Li Z, Li T, Yang X, Ding R, Jiang H, Su H, Cheng M, Yu Z, Li H, Tang T, Wang Y. A novel microbial and hepatic biotransformation-integrated network pharmacology strategy explores the therapeutic mechanisms of bioactive herbal products in neurological diseases: the effects of Astragaloside IV on intracerebral hemorrhage as an example. Chin Med 2023; 18:40. [PMID: 37069580 PMCID: PMC10108474 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral bioavailability and blood-brain barrier permeability of many herbal products are too low to explain the significant efficacy fully. Gut microbiota and liver can metabolize herbal ingredients to more absorbable forms. The current study aims to evaluate the ability of a novel biotransformation-integrated network pharmacology strategy to discover the therapeutic mechanisms of low-bioavailability herbal products in neurological diseases. METHODS A study on the mechanisms of Astragaloside IV (ASIV) in treating intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was selected as an example. Firstly, the absorbed ASIV metabolites were collected by a literature search. Next, the ADMET properties and the ICH-associated targets of ASIV and its metabolites were compared. Finally, the biotransformation-increased targets and biological processes were screened out and verified by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and cell and animal experiments. RESULTS The metabolites (3-epi-cycloastragenol and cycloastragenol) showed higher bioavailability and blood-brain barrier permeability than ASIV. Biotransformation added the targets ASIV in ICH, including PTK2, CDC42, CSF1R, and TNF. The increased targets were primarily enriched in microglia and involved in cell migration, proliferation, and inflammation. The computer simulations revealed that 3-epi-cycloastragenol bound CSF1R and cycloastragenol bound PTK2 and CDC42 stably. The In vivo and in vitro studies confirmed that the ASIV-derived metabolites suppressed CDC42 and CSF1R expression and inhibited microglia migration, proliferation, and TNF-α secretion. CONCLUSION ASIV inhibits post-ICH microglia/macrophage proliferation and migration, probably through its transformed products to bind CDC42, PTK2, and CSF1R. The integrated strategy can be used to discover novel mechanisms of herbal products or traditional Chinses medicine in treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Xueping Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Ruoqi Ding
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Haoying Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Menghan Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Zhe Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Haigang Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410219
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410008.
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Li H, Wang S, Wang H, Li H, Li Y, Dong P, Lan X, Zhang J, Dai L. Comprehensive Study of In vivo and In vitro Metabolites of Cycloastragenol Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 23:1090-1114. [PMID: 36733242 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230202150436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycloastragenol (CAG) is a sapogenin derived from the main bioactive constituents of Astragali Radix (AR). However, the current research on CAG metabolism in vivo and in vitro is still inadequate, and the metabolite cluster is incomplete due to incomplete analysis strategy. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to screen and identify the metabolic behavior of CAG in vivo and in vitro. METHODS A simple and rapid analysis strategy based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry combined with data-mining processing technology was developed and used to screen and identify CAG metabolites in rat body fluids and tissues after oral administration. RESULTS As a result, a total of 82 metabolites were fully or partially characterized based on their accurate mass, characteristic fragment ions, retention times, corresponding Clog P values, and so on. Among the metabolites, 61 were not been reported in previous reports. These metabolites (6 metabolites in vitro and 91 in vivo) were generated through reactions of hydroxylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, hydrogenation, hydroxylation, demethylation, deisopropylation, dehydroxylation, ring cleavage, and carboxyl substitution and their composite reactions, and the hydroxylation might be the main metabolic reaction of CAG. In addition, the characteristic fragmentation pathways of CAG were summarized for the subsequent metabolite identification. CONCLUSION The current study not only clarifies the metabolite cluster-based and metabolic regularity of CAG in vivo and in vitro, but also provides ideas for metabolism of other saponin compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Shaoping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Haoran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Pingping Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xianming Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Long Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
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Idrees M, Kumar V, Khan AM, Joo MD, Lee KW, Sohn SH, Kong IK. Cycloastragenol activation of telomerase improves β-Klotho protein level and attenuates age-related malfunctioning in ovarian tissues. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 209:111756. [PMID: 36462538 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Age-related deterioration in the reproductive capacity of women is directly related to the poor developmental potential of ovarian follicles. Although telomerase plays a key role in female fertility, TERT-targeting therapeutic strategies for age-related female infertility have yet to be investigated. This study elucidated the effect of Telomerase activation on mice ovaries and more specifically on Klb (β-Klotho) gene expression, which is linked to ageing, female hormonal regulation, and cyclicity. The homology-based 3D model of hTERT was used to predict its binding mode of Cycloastragenol (CAG) using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Based on docking score, simulation behavior, and interaction with hTERT residues it was observed that CAG could bind with the hTERT model. CAG treatment to primary cultured mouse granulosa cells and activation of telomerase was examined via telomerase activity assay (Mouse TE (telomerase) ELISA Kit) and telomere length by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization. CAG mediated telomerase also significantly improved β-Klotho protein level in the aged granulosa cells. To demonstrate that β-Klotho is telomerase dependent, the TERT was knocked down via siRNA in granulosa cells and protein level of β-Klotho was examined. Furthermore, CAG-mediated telomerase activation significantly enhanced the level of Klb and recovered ovarian follicles in the D-galactose (D-gal)-induced ovarian ageing mouse model. Moreover, Doxorubicin-induced ovarian damage, which changes ovarian hormones, and inhibit follicular growth was successfully neutralized by CAG activated telomerase and its recovery of β-Klotho level. In conclusion, TERT dependent β-Klotho regulation in ovarian tissues is one of the mechanisms, which can overcome female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Division of Life Sciences, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Abdul Majid Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keun-Woo Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sea-Hwan Sohn
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea.
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Yilmaz S, Bedir E, Ballar Kirmizibayrak P. The role of cycloastragenol at the intersection of NRF2/ARE, telomerase, and proteasome activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:105-116. [PMID: 35718303 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is well-characterized by the gradual decline of cellular functionality. As redox balance, proteostasis, and telomerase systems have been found to be associated with aging and age-related diseases, targeting these systems with small compounds has been considered a promising therapeutic approach. Cycloastragenol (CA), a small molecule telomerase activator obtained from Astragalus species, has been reported to positively affect several age-related pathophysiologies, but the mechanisms underlying CA activity have yet to be reported. Here, we presented that CA increased NRF2 nuclear localization and activity leading to upregulation of cytoprotective enzymes and attenuation of oxidative stress-induced ROS levels. Furthermore, CA-mediated induction of telomerase activity was found to be regulated by NRF2. CA not only increased the expression of hTERT but also its nuclear localization via upregulating the Hsp90-chaperon complex. In addition to modulating nuclear hTERT levels at unstressed conditions, CA alleviated oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial hTERT levels while increasing nuclear hTERT levels. Concomitantly, H2O2-induced mitochondrial ROS level was found to be significantly decreased by CA administration. Our data also revealed that CA strongly enhanced proteasome activity and assembly. More importantly, the proteasome activator effect of CA is dependent on the induction of telomerase activity, which is mediated by NRF2 system. In conclusion, our results not only revealed the cross-talk among NRF2, telomerase, and proteasome systems but also that CA functions at the intersection of these three major aging-related cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Yilmaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alanya Aladdin Keykubat, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
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Wang FC, Hudson PL, Burk K, Marangoni AG. Encapsulation of cycloastragenol in phospholipid vesicles enhances transport and delivery across the skin barrier. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:1222-1228. [PMID: 34735856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cycloastragenol (CA) is a plant saponin that functions as a telomerase activator, and it has been made as an oral anti-aging supplement and use as active ingredient in topical cosmetic products. The anti-aging performance in cosmetic products have only been evaluated by description of skin appearance, while direct topical penetration of CA across the skin barrier still needs to be confirmed. The objective of this work was to design encapsulation vehicles to deliver CA across the skin barrier using commercially available ingredients through scalable processes, and to prove its topical penetration. Phospholipid vesicles including liposomes, ethosomes, and transethosomes were prepared using soy and sunflower phospholipids and different penetration enhancers, including ethanol and surfactants. The loading capacity of CA was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography, and the topical penetration of CA was evaluated using Franz diffusion cells with pig skin. Transethosomes using Tween 80, Span 40, or dicetylphosphate as the penetration enhancer showed better CA delivery across the skin barrier than ethosomes or emulsifier α-gels. Results of this work provide evidence that CA encapsulated in phospholipid vesicles can be transported across the skin barrier. These encapsulation systems could be used for the design of CA-containing anti-aging cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan C Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Avaria Solutions Inc., 5-650 Jamieson Parkway, Cambridge, ON N3C 0A5, Canada.
| | - Philip L Hudson
- Avaria Solutions Inc., 5-650 Jamieson Parkway, Cambridge, ON N3C 0A5, Canada.
| | - Keith Burk
- Avaria Solutions Inc., 5-650 Jamieson Parkway, Cambridge, ON N3C 0A5, Canada.
| | - Alejandro G Marangoni
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Duman S, Ekiz G, Yılmaz S, Yusufoglu H, Ballar Kırmızıbayrak P, Bedir E. Telomerase activators from 20(27)-octanor- cycloastragenol via biotransformation by the fungal endophytes. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104708. [PMID: 33621779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cycloastragenol [20(R),24(S)-epoxy-3β,6α,16β,25-tetrahydroxycycloartane] (CA), the principle sapogenol of many cycloartane-type glycosides found in Astragalus genus, is currently the only natural product in the anti-aging market as telomerase activator. Here, we report biotransformation of 20(27)-octanor-cycloastragenol (1), a thermal degradation product of CA, using Astragalus species originated endophytic fungi, viz. Penicillium roseopurpureum, Alternaria eureka, Neosartorya hiratsukae and Camarosporium laburnicola. Fifteen new biotransformation products (2-16) were isolated, and their structures were established by NMR and HRESIMS. Endophytic fungi were found to be capable of performing hydroxylation, oxidation, ring cleavage-methyl migration, dehydrogenation and Baeyer-Villiger type oxidation reactions on the starting compound (1), which would be difficult to achieve by conventional synthetic methods. In addition, the ability of the metabolites to increase telomerase activation in Hekn cells was evaluated, which showed from 1.08 to 12.4-fold activation compared to the control cells treated with DMSO. Among the compounds tested, 10, 11 and 12 were found to be the most potent in terms of telomerase activation with 12.40-, 7.89- and 5.43-fold increase, respectively (at 0.1, 2 and 10 nM concentrations, respectively).
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11
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Cheng L, Zhang H, Cui H, Wang W, Yuan Q. Efficient production of the anti-aging drug Cycloastragenol: insight from two Glycosidases by enzyme mining. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9991-10004. [PMID: 33119795 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The telomerase activator cycloastragenol (CA) is regarded as a potential anti-aging drug with promising applications in the food and medical industry. However, one remaining challenge is the low efficiency of CA production. Herein, we developed an enzyme-based approach by applying two enzymes (β-xylosidase: Xyl-T; β-glucosidase: Bgcm) for efficient CA production. Both key glycosidases, mined by activity tracking or homology sequence screening, were successfully over-expressed and showed prominent enzymatic activity profiles, including widely pH stability (Xyl-T: pH 3.0-8.0; Bgcm: pH 4.0-10.0), high catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km: 0.096 mM-1s-1 (Xyl-T) and 3.08 mM-1s-1 (Bgcm)), and mesophilic optimum catalytic temperature (50 °C). Besides, the putative catalytic residues (Xyl-T: Asp311/Glu 521; Bgcm: Asp311/Glu 521) and the potential substrate-binding mechanism of Xyl-T and Bgcm were predicted by comprehensive computational analysis, providing valuable insight into the hydrolysis of substrates at the molecular level. Notably, a rationally designed two-step reaction process was introduced to improve the CA yield and increased up to 96.5% in the gram-scale production, providing a potential alternative for the industrial CA bio-production. In essence, the explored enzymes, the developed enzyme-based approach, and the obtained knowledge from catalytic mechanisms empower researchers to further engineer the CA production and might be applied for other chemicals synthesis. KEY POINTS: • A β-xylosidase and a β-glucosidase were mined to hydrolyze ASI into CA. • The two recombinant glycosidases showed prominent catalytic profiles. • Two-step enzymatic catalysis for CA production from ASI was developed. Graphical abstract.
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Ullah M, Sun Z. Klotho Deficiency Accelerates Stem Cells Aging by Impairing Telomerase Activity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1396-1407. [PMID: 30452555 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effect of molecular pathways involved in the age-dependent deterioration of stem cell function is critical for developing new therapies. The overexpression of Klotho (KL), an antiaging protein, causes treated animal models to enjoy extended life spans. Now, the question stands: Does KL deficiency accelerate stem cell aging and telomere shortening? If so, what are the specific mechanisms by which it does this, and is cycloastragenol (CAG) treatment enough to restore telomerase activity in aged stem cells? We found that KL deficiency diminished telomerase activity by altering the expression of TERF1 and TERT, causing impaired differentiation potential, pluripotency, cellular senescence, and apoptosis in stem cells. Telomerase activity decreased with KL-siRNA knockdown. This suggests that both KL and telomeres regulate the stem cell aging process through telomerase subunits TERF1, POT1, and TERT using the TGFβ, Insulin, and Wnt signaling. These pathways can rejuvenate stem cell populations in a CD90-dependent mechanism. Stem cell dysfunctions were largely provoked by KL deficiency and telomere shortening, owing to altered expression of TERF1, TGFβ1, CD90, POT1, TERT, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The CAG treatment partially rescued telomerase deterioration, suggesting that KL plays a critical role in life-extension by regulating telomere length and telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujib Ullah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Biomedical Research Center, Oklahoma City.,Interventional Regenerative Therapies lab, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Biomedical Research Center, Oklahoma City.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
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Yu Y, Wu J, Li J, Liu Y, Zheng X, Du M, Zhou L, Yang Y, Luo S, Hu W, Li L, Yao W, Liu Y. Cycloastragenol prevents age-related bone loss: Evidence in d-galactose-treated and aged rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110304. [PMID: 32497865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aging-induced bone loss is a multifactorial, age-related, and progressive phenomenon among the general population and may further progress to osteoporosis and increase the risk of fractures. Cycloastragenol (CAG), currently the only compound reported that activates human telomerase, is thought to be able to alleviate or delay the symptoms of aging and chronic diseases. Previous research has suggested that CAG may have the potential to alleviate age-related bone loss. However, to date, no research has specifically focused on this aspect. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether CAG could prevent senile osteoporosis, and further reveal its underlying mechanism. METHODS CAG treatment was administrated into two bone loss rat models (D-galactose administration and aging) for 20 weeks and 33 weeks, respectively. Serum biomarkers analyses, bone biomechanical tests, micro-computed tomography assessment, and bone histomorphometry analyses were performed on the bone samples collected at the endpoint, to determine whether CAG could prevent or alleviate age-related bone loss. Proteomic analysis was performed to reveal the changes in protein profiles of the bones, and western blot was used to further verify the identity of the key proteins. The viability, osteoblastic differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells were also evaluated after CAG treatment in vitro. RESULTS The results suggest that CAG treatment improves bone formation, reduces osteoclast number, alleviates the degradation of bone microstructure, and enhances bone biomechanical properties in both d-galactose- and aging-induced bone loss models. CAG treatment promotes viability, osteoblastic differentiation, and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. Proteomic and western blot analyses revealed that CAG treatment increases osteoactivin (OA) expression to alleviate bone loss. CONCLUSION The results revealed that CAG alleviates age-related bone loss and improves bone microstructure and biomechanical properties. This may due to CAG-induced increase in OA expression. In addition, the results support preclinical investigations of CAG as a potential therapeutic medicine for the treatment of senile osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, PR China
| | - Jingkai Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, PR China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, PR China; Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, PR China
| | - Limin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, PR China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, PR China
| | - Shiying Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, PR China
| | - Wenjia Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, PR China
| | - Weimin Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, PR China.
| | - Yuyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, PR China.
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Deng G, Chen W, Wang P, Zhan T, Zheng W, Gu Z, Wang X, Ji X, Sun Y. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in macrophage by cycloastragenol contributes to amelioration of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105682. [PMID: 31203155 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, and the infiltrated macrophages in psoriatic skin lesions play a key role in the progression of this uncontrolled cutaneous inflammation. However, the current therapeutic strategies for patients with psoriasis are not satisfactory. Here, we report that cycloastragenol (CAG), a natural active small compound isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, significantly ameliorated imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasiform dermatitis in mice by targeting proinflammatory macrophages. CAG significantly reduced the clinical scores, decreased the epidermal thickness, and ameliorated the deteriorating histopathology observed in IMQ-induced mice. CAG treatment specifically reduced the dermal infiltration of macrophages, rather than of dendritic cells, neutrophils, or T lymphocytes, into psoriatic skin. CAG dose-dependently decreased the level of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, in murine psoriatic skin and serum, as well as in IMQ-stimulated, bone-marrow-derived macrophages. When compared to the control group, CAG significantly decreased IMQ-triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and gasdermin D-mediated cell pyroptosis in these proinflammatory macrophages. CAG also suppressed the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Taken together, the results show that CAG selectively modulates macrophage function by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis to ameliorate IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. Our findings also identify an effective drug candidate for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tianying Zhan
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhengbing Gu
- Jiangsu Yongjian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1 Yaocheng Avenue, China Medical City, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Hwang ST, Kim C, Lee JH, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Shair OHM, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Cycloastragenol can negate constitutive STAT3 activation and promote paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2019; 59:152907. [PMID: 30981183 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycloastragenol (CAG), a triterpene aglycone is commonly prescribed for treating hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, viral hepatitis, and various inflammatory-linked diseases. HYPOTHESIS We investigated CAG for its action on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation cascades, and its potential to sensitize gastric cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. METHODS The effect of CAG on STAT3 phosphorylation and other hallmarks of cancer was deciphered using diverse assays in both SNU-1 and SNU-16 cells. RESULTS We observed that CAG exhibited cytotoxic activity against SNU-1 and SNU-16 cells to a greater extent as compared to normal GES-1 cells. CAG predominantly caused negative regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 through the abrogation of Src and Janus-activated kinases (JAK1/2) activation. We noted that CAG impaired translocation of STAT3 protein as well as its DNA binding activity. It further decreased cellular proliferation and mediated its anticancer effects predominantly by causing substantial apoptosis rather than autophagy. In addition, CAG potentiated paclitaxel-induced anti-oncogenic effects in gastric tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CAG can function to impede STAT3 activation in human gastric tumor cells and therefore it may be a suitable candidate agent for therapy of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Tae Hwang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulwon Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar H M Shair
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Debeleç-Bütüner B, Öztürk MB, Tağ Ö, Akgün İH, Yetik-Anacak G, Bedir E, Korkmaz KS. Cycloartane-type sapogenol derivatives inhibit NFκB activation as chemopreventive strategy for inflammation-induced prostate carcinogenesis. Steroids 2018; 135:9-20. [PMID: 29678446 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated to 25% of cancer cases according to epidemiological data. Therefore, inhibition of inflammation-induced carcinogenesis can be an efficient therapeutic approach for cancer chemoprevention in drug development studies. It is also determined that anti-inflammatory drugs reduce cancer incidence. Cell culture-based in vitro screening methods are used as a fast and efficient method to investigate the biological activities of the biomolecules. In addition, saponins are molecules that are isolated from natural sources and are known to have potential for tumor inhibition. Studies on the preparation of analogues of cycloartane-type sapogenols (9,19-cyclolanostanes) have so far been limited. Therefore we have decided to direct our efforts toward the exploration of new anti-tumor agents prepared from cycloastragenol and its production artifact astragenol. The semi-synthetic derivatives were prepared mainly by oxidation, condensation, alkylation, acylation, and elimination reactions. After preliminary studies, five sapogenol analogues, two of which were new compounds (2 and 3), were selected and screened for their inhibitory activity on cell viability and NFκB signaling pathway activity in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. We found that the astragenol derivatives 1 and 2 as well as cycloastragenol derivatives 3, 4, and 5 exhibited strong inhibitory activity on NFκB signaling leading the repression of NFκB transcriptional activation and suppressed cell proliferation. The results suggested that these molecules might have significant potential for chemoprevention of prostate carcinogenesis induced by inflammatory NFκB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Debeleç-Bütüner
- Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Mert Burak Öztürk
- Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Tağ
- Ege University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İsmail Hakkı Akgün
- Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Günay Yetik-Anacak
- Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erdal Bedir
- Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Izmir, Turkey
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17
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Gu M, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Huang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Fan S, Yang L, Ji G, Tong Q, Huang C. Cycloastragenol improves hepatic steatosis by activating farnesoid X receptor signalling. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:22-32. [PMID: 28428116 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a global health problem. However, there is no approved therapy for NAFLD. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a potential drug target for treatment of NAFLD. In an attempt to screen FXR agonists, we found that cycloastragenol (CAG), a natural occurring compound in Astragali Radix, stimulated FXR transcription activity. In animal studies, we demonstrated that CAG treatment resulted in obvious reduction of high-fat diet induced lipid accumulation in liver accompanied by lowered blood glucose, serum triglyceride levels and hepatic bile acid pool size. The stimulation of FXR signalling by CAG treatment in DIO mice was confirmed via gene expression and western blot analysis. Molecular docking data further supported the interaction of CAG and FXR. In addition, CAG alleviated hepatic steatosis in methionine and choline deficient L-amino acid diet (MCD) induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice. Our data suggest that CAG ameliorates NAFLD via the enhancement of FXR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwen Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity Systems, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhao Y, Li Q, Zhao W, Li J, Sun Y, Liu K, Liu B, Zhang N. Astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol are equally effective in inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the endothelium. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 169:210-218. [PMID: 25922268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol are present together in Astragalus membranaceus Moench (Fabaceae) and this study aims to simultaneously investigate their regulation of endothelial homeostasis in the setting of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). MATERIAL AND METHODS We stimulated endothelial cells with palmitate (PA 100μM) to evoked ROS-associated ER stress and observed the effects of astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol on thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis. RESULTS Astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol inhibited ROS generation and attenuated ER stress inducer IRE1α phosphorylation, indicating the inhibition of ROS-associated ER stress. In response to ER stress, TXNIP expression increased, accompanied with NLRP3 induction and increased IL-1β and IL-6 production, but these alternations were reversed by treatment with astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol, demonstrating the inhibitory effects of astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol on TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Inflammasome activation led to mitochondrial cell death in endothelial cells, whereas astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol restored the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential with inhibition of caspase-3 activity, and thereby protected cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. Astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and AMPK inhibitor compound C diminished their beneficial effects, indicative of the potential role of AMPK in their regulation. CONCLUSIONS Astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol suppressed ROS-associated ER stress and then inhibited TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation with regulation of AMPK activity, and thereby ameliorated endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation and reducing cell apoptosis. Simultaneous investigations further showed that astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol were equally effective in regulation of endothelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Feng LM, Lin XH, Huang FX, Cao J, Qiao X, Guo DA, Ye M. Smith degradation, an efficient method for the preparation of cycloastragenol from astragaloside IV. Fitoterapia 2014; 95:42-50. [PMID: 24613799 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cycloastragenol (CA) is the genuine sapogenin of astragaloside IV (ASI). This study focuses on the preparation of CA from ASI. Five hydrolysis methods were compared including H2SO4 hydrolysis, HCl hydrolysis, two-phase acid hydrolysis, mild acid hydrolysis, and Smith degradation. Seven hydrolysis products were purified, and five of them were identified as new compounds. The results indicated that Smith degradation was the most effective approach to prepare CA. In contrast, mild acid hydrolysis produced CA at a low yield, accompanied with the artificial sapogenin astragenol. The other three acid hydrolysis methods mainly produced astragenol. Furthermore, the reaction conditions for Smith degradation were optimized as follows: ASI was dissolved in 60% MeOH-H2O solution, oxidized with 5 equiv. NaIO4 for 12h, followed by reduction with 3 equiv. NaBH4 for 4h, and finally acidified with 1M H2SO4 at pH2 for 24h. Under the optimal conditions, CA could be prepared from ASI at a yield of 84.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-min Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong-hao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-xia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - De-an Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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