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Potential Mechanisms of White Peony against Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5507472. [PMID: 35990826 PMCID: PMC9391099 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5507472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple system and organ damage occurs with the continuous progression of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and the lack of specific drugs against this disease is a huge challenge. White peony (WP), a widely used traditional Chinese herb, has been confirmed to have a therapeutic value in pSS. However, the specific mechanisms of WP in the treatment of pSS are unknown. Methods The active ingredients and their targets in WP were searched on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and disease-related targets were collected from GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The overlapping targets were acquired by taking the intersection. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was structured using the STRING database. A disease-drug-ingredient-target (D-D-I-T) network was built using Cytoscape software. By filtering twice, core targets were acquired. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were accompanied by R packages. Finally, molecular docking was used to verify the abovementioned results. Results In total, we screened 88 WP-related targets, 1480 pSS-related targets, and 32 overlapping targets. D-D-I-T Network analysis displayed six main active ingredients of WP, which played a significant therapeutic role in pSS. Further topological analysis selected seven core target genes, including IL-6, TNF, PPARγ, AKT1, CASP3, NOS3, and JUN. GO and KEGG analysis were used to elucidate pharmacological mechanisms, mainly acting in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Molecular docking proved that paeoniflorin bound well with core targets. Conclusion Our study revealed that IL-6, TNF, AKT1, CASP3, NOS3, and JUN may be pathogenic target genes, and PPARγ may be a protective target gene. The main active ingredients of WP mainly played a therapeutic role via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. These findings provide a fundamental and theoretical basis for the clinical application of WP.
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Li T, Gao S, Han W, Gao Z, Wei Y, Wu G, Qiqiu W, Chen L, Feng Y, Yue S, Kuang H, Jiang X. Potential effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of psoriasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115275. [PMID: 35487447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis related to high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of psoriasis is increasing in recent decades. Some patients with psoriasis are anxious about the underlying side effects of synthetic drugs they are on. Therefore, they are eager to seek alternative and efficient therapy, such as Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). Researchers have found some CHM provides best source for the development of anti-psoriatic drugs because of their structural diversity and fewer adverse reactions. Some of CHM formulas or active constituents extracted from CHM have been rapidly developed into clinical drugs with good efficacy. At present, along with the CHM formulas, single CHM and its active components have been extensively accepted and utilized in the treatment of psoriasis, whose therapeutic mechanisms hitherto have not been thoroughly illustrated. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aimed to comprehensively summarize about the existing therapeutic mechanisms of CHM in the treatment of psoriasis and to provide a reference to develop future related studies in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant literatures about how CHM treated psoriasis were acquired from published scientific studies (including PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, The Plant List, Elsevier and SciFinder). All plants appearing in the review have been included in The Plant List or Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS). RESULTS In this review, we collect numerous literatures about how CHM treats psoriasis via immune cells, signaling pathways and disease-related mediators and systematically elucidates potential mechanisms from the point of the suppression of oxidative stress, the inhibition of abnormal abnormal proliferation and differentiation, the inhibition of immune responses, and the suppression of angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Psoriasis is considered as a complicated disease caused by interaction among various mechanisms. The CHM formulas, single CHM and its active components have considerable positive reports about the treatment of psoriasis, which brings hope for a promising future of CHM in the clinical therapy of psoriasis. In the paper, we have concluded that the existing therapeutic mechanisms of CHM in the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Si Gao
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Wei Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.4 Dong-qing Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhenqiu Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Xiwang Road, Tinghu District, Yancheng, 224007, China
| | - Yundong Wei
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Wei Qiqiu
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Yiping Feng
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Shijiao Yue
- Gangnan Castle Peak Psychiatric Hospital, Jiangnan Industrial Park District, Guigang, 537100, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xudong Jiang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China.
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Zhan HS, Yao X, Hu HY, Han YF, Yue B, Sun LY, Wang YJ. Coexistence of Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome and Autoimmune Gastritis With Pernicious Anemia and Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord: Case Report and Literature Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908528. [PMID: 35812371 PMCID: PMC9260500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) and Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) are both autoimmune diseases with low prevalence in China. Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of the spinal cord is the most common neurological manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency. Until now, a patient with pSS and complications of AIG including SCD has not been reported. Case Presentation A 69-year-old woman presented with palpitations and symmetrical and progressive numbness in her hands and feet. The patient had a sense of stepping on cotton and could not write or walk without help. We reviewed the patient’s history and analyzed her blood tests, imaging, gastroscopic findings, and pathological results. The patient fulfilled the criteria of AIG, pSS, spinal cord SCD and early pernicious anemia (PA) simultaneously. Although pSS can lead to reduction of vitamin B12, this is the first overlapping case of pSS with spinal cord SCD. After symptomatic treatment, the patient returned to a normal life. Conclusions This first report about the coexistence of pSS and complications of AIG including SCD and PA will promote a better understanding of the relationship between these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Su Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Clinical Diagnosis, Treatment and Research Center of Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Yao,
| | - Hai-Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Fei Han
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Department of Critical Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Clinical Diagnosis, Treatment and Research Center of Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yang J, Wang C, Li N, Wu L, Huang Z, Hu Z, Li X, Qu Z. Phytochemicals and anti-tyrosinase activities of Paeonia ostii leaves and roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 181:50-60. [PMID: 35429804 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony (sect. Moutan) is a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine and ornamental plant, which has been widely cultivated and utilized for thousands of years. To further study the active components of Paeonia ostii (Moutan, Fengdan), six fractions (soluble free (F), soluble esterification, soluble glycosylation, insoluble bound, insoluble esterification and insoluble glycosylation) were extracted from the leaves and roots by alkaline and acid treatment for the first time. Twenty-one typical compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC-MS. The results showed that total phenolic content (TPC) in peony roots (PR) and peony leaves (PL) were as high as 125.48 and 280.38 mg GAE·g-1 dw, which maximizes the extraction efficiency of phenolic compounds, especially leaves, compared with the conventional method. PR-F and PL-F had the highest TPC, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. Paeoniflorin was the main compounds in PL and PR. It and pentagalloylglucose (PGG) almost reached the anti-tyrosinase level of kojic acid, but they showed different inhibitory mechanisms by molecular docking. On the whole, PR-F, PL-F, PGG and paeoniflorin might be potential for skin whitening products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China; Shanxi Jingxi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China.
| | - Chunyu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China.
| | - Nana Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China.
| | - Liyang Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China.
| | - Ziang Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China.
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China.
| | - Xiaojun Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China.
| | - Zhican Qu
- Nanolattix Biotech Corporation, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Wang S, Jiang H, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Cheng Y, Zhou T, Zhang J, He Y, Ren C, Pei J. A comparative study on the traditional versus modern yellow rice wine processing methods using Taohong Siwu Decoction for pharmaceutical production. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115114. [PMID: 35181489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Taohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD) is based on the "First Recipe of Gynecology." It is widely used in various blood stasis and deficiency syndromes, mainly in gynecological blood stasis, irregular menstruation, and dysmenorrhea. THSWD has great demand in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), gynecology, orthopedics, and internal medicine. According to classical records, three medicinal materials, namely Rehmanniae radix, Angelica sinensis, and Carthamus tinctorius, used in THSWD need to be "washed with yellow rice wine." In the study of TCM prescriptions, the processing methods of medicinal materials not only needed to follow traditional records but also should consider modern technical conditions. Many medicinal materials in the repertoire of classical prescriptions involve yellow rice wine processing. Determining the processing method for medicinal materials is a key and difficult problem in the research and development of classical prescriptions. AIM OF THE STUDY With THSWD as the representative, this study analyzed differences between no processing method, the modern processing method of "stir-frying the materials with yellow rice wine," and the traditional processing method of "washing with yellow rice wine." We focused on three aspects: composition, efficacy, and endogenous metabolism. This study aimed to provide a reference for research on the processing methods of medicinal materials used in classical prescriptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to quickly identify and classify the main chemical compounds of THSWD. A model of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) was established using estradiol benzoate combined with oxytocin. The latent period and writhing time; the levels of serum PGF2α, PGE2, ET-1, and β-EP; and the pathological sections of the uterus were observed to determine their pharmacodynamic differences. GC-TOF/MS was used to analyze the differences in serum metabolites in rats. RESULTS A total of 54 active compounds were identified, and the results showed that catalpol and rehmapicroside disappeared following yellow rice wine processing. Compared with materials processed by the traditional method, the relative contents of 15 components, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and digitalis C, increased in materials processed by the modern method. However, the relative contents of 16 components, such as hydroxysafflor yellow A, verbascoside, and ferulic acid, decreased in the modern processing method. The modern and classic processing methods acted on PD through different metabolic pathways. THSWD obtained by classical processing methods mainly treated PD through anti-inflammatory and estrogen metabolism pathways, whereas THSWD obtained by modern processing methods mainly treated PD through anti-inflammatory metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION The study revealed the differences in different yellow rice wine processing methods in terms of chemical composition of the THSWD obtained, as well as the mechanisms of action for the treatment of PD. This study provides a reference for the clinical application of THSWD and development of classical prescription preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Huajuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chaoxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Wang J, Li G, Zhong W, Zhang H, Yang Q, Chen L, Wang J, Yang X. Effect of Dietary Paeoniae Radix Alba Extract on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Metabolism, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestine Histomorphology of Raccoon Dog During the Growing Period. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:839450. [PMID: 35445094 PMCID: PMC9014091 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.839450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniae radix alba extract (PRA extract) has the functions of regulating immunity, resisting inflammation, and has antioxidant properties. However, current recommendations of dietary PRA extract levels for raccoon dogs were inadequate. The purpose of this experimental study was to gain information allowing for better estimating the effects of PRA extract on raccoon dogs, and their PRA requirements. Fifty healthy male raccoon dogs of (120 ± 5) days old were randomly divided into 5 groups (group PRA0, PRA1, PRA2, PRA4, PRA8) with 10 animals in each group and 1 in each replicate. Five kinds of experimental diets were prepared with five levels of Paeoniae radix alba extract (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 g/kg) in the basic diet. The prefeeding period was 7 days and the experimental period was 40 days. The results showed that the average daily feed intake in group PRA1 and PRA2 was significantly higher than that in other groups (P < 0.01). The dry matter excretion in group PRA8 was significantly higher than that in other groups (P < 0.01), while the dry matter digestibility and protein digestibility in group PRA8 were significantly lower than those in other groups (P < 0.01). Nitrogen retention in group PRA1 and PRA2 was significantly higher than that in group PRA8 (P < 0.05). With the increase of the content of Paeoniae radix alba extract in diet, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in group PRA2 was significantly higher than that in group PRA0 (P < 0.05); The activity of serum SOD in group PRA4 was significantly higher than that in other groups (P < 0.01). The content of serum IgA in group PRA2 was significantly higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05). The content of TNF-α in intestinal mucosa in group PRA1 and group PRA2 was significantly lower than that in group PRA0 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we found that dietary Paeoniae radix alba extract intake significantly improved the feed intake and nitrogen deposition of Ussuri raccoon dog, increased the content of serum IgA and reduced the content of TNF-α in the small intestinal mucosa. We suggest that an estimated dietary Paeoniae radix alba extract level of 1 to 2 g/kg could be used as a guide to achieve the optimal performance of raccoon dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qianlong Yang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xuewen Yang
- China Animal Husbandry Group, Beijing, China
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Saurin S, Meineck M, Erkel G, Opatz T, Weinmann-Menke J, Pautz A. Drug Candidates for Autoimmune Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:503. [PMID: 35631330 PMCID: PMC9143092 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the immunosuppressive drugs used in the clinic to prevent organ rejection or to treat autoimmune disorders were originally isolated from fungi or bacteria. Therefore, in addition to plants, these are valuable sources for identification of new potent drugs. Many side effects of established drugs limit their usage and make the identification of new immunosuppressants necessary. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of natural products with potent anti-inflammatory activities that have been tested successfully in different models of chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Some of these candidates already have passed first clinical trials. The anti-inflammatory potency of these natural products was often comparable to those of established drugs, and they could be used at least in addition to standard therapy to reduce their dose to minimize unwanted side effects. A frequent mode of action is the inhibition of classical inflammatory signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, in combination with downregulation of oxidative stress. A drawback for the therapeutic use of those natural products is their moderate bioavailability, which can be optimized by chemical modifications and, in addition, further safety studies are necessary. Altogether, very interesting candidate compounds exist which have the potential to serve as starting points for the development of new immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Saurin
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Myriam Meineck
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erkel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Technical University, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Yang X, Yu X, Zhang X, Guo H, Xing Z, Xu L, Wang J, Shen Y, Yu J, Lv P, Wang Y, Liu M, Tian X. Development of Mini-Barcode Based on Chloroplast Genome and Its Application in Metabarcoding Molecular Identification of Chinese Medicinal Material Radix Paeoniae Rubra (Chishao). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819822. [PMID: 35432422 PMCID: PMC9009180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radix Paeoniae Rubra (Chishao), a typical multi-origin Chinese medicinal material, originates from the dried roots of Paeonia lactiflora or P. veitchii. The previous study suggested that these two commonly used Chishao showed variation in their chemical compositions and clinical efficacies. Therefore, accurate identification of different Chishao species was of great significance for the guide of clinical medication, and timely treatment of patients. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequences of P. lactiflora and P. veitchii were obtained by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, and then the hypervariable regions were selected to design two mini-barcode candidates for species identification. Combined with DNA metabarcoding technology, we performed qualitative and quantitative analysis on the artificially mixed samples of P. lactiflora and P. veitchii and evaluated the identification ability of these mini-barcode candidates. Furtherly, the mini-barcode with good performance was applied to distinguish the Chinese patent medicine "cerebral thrombosis tablets" containing Chishao. The results indicated that the chloroplast genomes of P. lactiflora and P. veitchii were 152,750 and 152,527 bp, respectively. As published previously, they exhibited a typical quadripartite structure including a large single-copy region (LSC), a small single-copy region (SSC) and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs). The nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed seven variable protein-coding regions as petL, psaI, psbJ, rpl16, ycf1b, psaC, and ndhF, and two mini-barcodes were developed from ycf1b and ndhF respectively. The result suggested that both two mini-barcodes performed well distinguishing P. lactiflora from P. veitchii. Besides, P. lactiflora was the only raw material of Chishao in all collected "cerebral thrombosis tablets" samples. In general, this study has established a method to realize the qualitative and quantitative identification of Chishao as multi-origin Chinese medicinal materials, which can be applied to Chinese patent medicines containing Chishao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhimei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liuwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Tianjin Tongrentang Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyan Shen
- Tianjin Tongrentang Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Tianjin Tongrentang Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Pengfei Lv
- Tianjin Tongrentang Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Dong L, Du H, Zhang M, Xu H, Pu X, Chen Q, Luo R, Hu Y, Wang Y, Tu H, Zhang J, Gao F. Anti‐inflammatory effect of Rhein on ulcerative colitis via inhibiting
PI3K
/Akt/
mTOR
signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2081-2094. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Hongling Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Minyue Zhang
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Division of Hematology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Haiting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xiulan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Qiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Ruifeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Yichen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macao China
| | - He Tu
- Department of Pharmacy Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital Chengdu China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
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Li M, Jiang H, Hao Y, Du K, Du H, Ma C, Tu H, He Y. A systematic review on botany, processing, application, phytochemistry and pharmacological action of Radix Rehmnniae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114820. [PMID: 34767834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Rehmanniae (RR) is the tuber root of Rehmannia glutionsa Libosch, which was firstly recorded in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica (⟪⟫). RR is a non-toxic and wide used traditional Chinese medicine. RR has the effect of clearing heat, generating essence, cooling blood, stopping bleeding, nourishing yin and blood, and filling marrow. It is used in clinic in the form of processed decoction pieces, including Dry Radix Rehmnniae (DRR) and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP). The application of RR in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions can treat various diseases, such as anemia, irregular menstruation, deficiency of liver yin, renal failure and so on. AIM OF REVIEW This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and productive review of RR, which mainly contains botanical characteristics, processing methods, traditional application, chemical composition, quality control and pharmacological action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search was conducted through the Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang DATA using the keywords "Radix Rehmnniae", "Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata", "processing", "clinical application", "chemical composition", "quality control", and "pharmacological action". In addition, information was collected from relevant textbooks, reviews, and documents. RESULTS RR is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with clinical value and rich resources. More than 100 components have been isolated and identified from RR. It has multiple pharmacological actions, such as hemostasis, antioxidation, anti-osteoporosis, lowering blood sugar, improving renal function, anti-inflammation, protecting neuronal function, antidepression and anti-anxiety. DRR and RRP are two different processed products of RR. After processing, there are great changes in property, taste, efficacy, clinical application, chemical composition and pharmacological action. At present, identifying chemical constituents of RR and its medicinal value has been deeply studied. However, there is a lack of research on the reasons for the differences in pharmacological effects between DRR and RRP. The reasons for these differences need to be further verified. Catalpol, the active component of RR, has been studied extensively in the literature, but the pharmacological effects of catalpol cannot represent the pharmacological effects of the whole RR. In the future, effective components such as rehmannioside D, polysaccharide, total glycosides, and effective parts in RR need to be further studied and developed. The pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of RR need to be further discussed. The scientific connotation and processing methods of RRP need to be studied and standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huajuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yule Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Kequn Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Hongling Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - He Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Guiyang, 550008, China.
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Zhang T, Ouyang X, Gou S, Zhang Y, Yan N, Chang L, Li B, Zhang F, Liu H, Ni J. Novel Synovial Targeting Peptide-Sinomenine Conjugates as a Potential Strategy for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121628. [PMID: 35245636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sinomenine (SIN) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent, but its therapeutic efficacy is limited by its short half-life and the high dosage required. Tissue-specific strategies have the potential to overcome these limitations. The synovial homing peptide (CKSTHDRLC) was identified to have high synovial endothelium targeting affinity. In this work, two peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), conjugate (L) and conjugate (C), were synthesized, in which SIN was covalently connected to the linear and cyclic synovial homing peptide, respectively, via a 6-aminocaproic acid linker. An evaluation of biostability showed that conjugate (C) was more stable in mouse serum and inflammatory joint homogenate than conjugate (L). The two conjugates gradually released free SIN. Interestingly, conjugate (L) self-cyclized via a disulfide bridge in a biological environment, which significantly impacted its biostability. It had an almost equipotent half-life in serum but faster degradation in the inflammatory joint than conjugate (C). Therefore, conjugate (C) exhibited better therapeutic efficacy and tissue targeting. All the results indicated that PDCs particularly in its cyclic form might be more efficient for targeted deliver and represent a potential strategy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sanhu Gou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Na Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Linlin Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Beibei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fangyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jingman Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao 999078, China.
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Chen Y, Wang L, Cao Y, Li N. Total Glucosides of Paeonia lactiflora for Safely Reducing Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:834947. [PMID: 35173622 PMCID: PMC8841895 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.834947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Total glucosides of paeony (TGP), extracted from the dried roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., are proven to regulate immune function in various rheumatic diseases. We aim to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of TGP in reducing disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: We searched trials in seven electronic databases and two clinical trail registries. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating efficacy and safety of TGP for SLE were identified. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 was used for quality assessment of the included trials, and RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 14 RCTs were included, including 978 participants, 492 in the intervention group and 486 in the control group. Regarding the efficacy of TGP for SLE, results showed that TGP plus conventional treatments (CTs) was superior to CTs alone in reducing disease activity (MDSLEDAI-1m = −3.54, 95% CI = −4.08 to −3.00, p < 0.00001; MDSLEDAI-2m = −3.80, 95% CI = −4.51 to −3.09, p < 0.00001; MDSLEDAI-3m = −1.62, 95% CI = −2.60 to −0.64, p < 0.0001; MDSLEDAI-6m = −1.97, 95% CI = −3.18 to −0.76, p = 0.001). The results also showed that TGP contributed to a betterment in improving other outcomes related to lupus activity, such as ESR, CRP, complement proteins (C3, C4), and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM). In addition, TGP significantly decreased average daily glucocorticoid dosage and cumulative cyclophosamide dosage, as well as disease recurrence rate. In terms of safety, TGP may reduce the incidence of adverse reactions (RR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.88, p = 0.01). The certainty of the evidence were assessed as moderate to low. Conclusion: TGP appears potentially effective and generally safe in reducing disease activity in SLE. However, in view of high risk of bias, the findings need to be confirmed in high-quality trials. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42021274850
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liuding Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jin Y, Zhang A. Total glucosides of paeony ameliorates oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory response by regulating the Smad7‑TGF‑β pathway in allergic rhinitis. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:83. [PMID: 35029288 PMCID: PMC8778736 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Total glucosides of paeony (TGP), an active ingredient extracted from the root of Paeonia alba, has been reported to display an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of TGP on allergic rhinitis (AR) is still unknown. The present study aimed to assess the role of TGP in an AR mouse model. An AR mouse model was established using the ovalbumin method. The expression levels of Smad7/TGF-β pathway-related prtoeins in nasal mucosa tissues were determined by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The severity of nasal allergic symptoms was detected by recording the frequency of sneezing and nose rubbing motions in all mice for 20 min. The levels of IgE and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-17 and IFN-γ, in the serum were measured by conducting ELISAs. H&E staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining and Masson staining were used to detected histopathological changes in mice. The concentrations of malondialdehyde and glutathione, and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in tissue supernatant and serum were quantified using commercial assay kits. Apoptosis of nasal tissue cells was detected by performing TUNEL assays and western blotting. The expression of Smad7 was upregulated and that of TGF-β was downregulated in the nasal tissue of AR mice. Additionally, TGP regulated the Smad7/TGF-β pathway in the nasal tissue of AR mice. TGP alleviated serum IgE, nasal symptoms and histopathological changes in AR mice. Moreover, TGP ameliorated oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. Smad7 small interfering RNA intervention aggravated the symptoms of AR mice via activation of the TGF-β pathway and reversed the protective effect of TGP in AR mice. TGP ameliorated oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory response via the Smad7/TGF-β pathway in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzi Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Aichun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:919-929. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Li L, Pan Z, Ning D, Fu Y. Rosmanol and Carnosol Synergistically Alleviate Rheumatoid Arthritis through Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK Pathway. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010078. [PMID: 35011304 PMCID: PMC8746366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Callicarpalongissima has been used as a Yao folk medicine to treat arthritis for years in China, although its active anti-arthritic moieties have not been clarified so far. In this study, two natural phenolic diterpenoids with anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) effects, rosmanol and carnosol, isolated from the medicinal plant were reported on for the first time. In type II collagen-induced arthritis DBA/1 mice, both rosmanol (40 mg/kg/d) and carnosol (40 mg/kg/d) alone alleviated the RA symptoms, such as swelling, redness, and synovitis; decreased the arthritis index score; and downregulated the serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Additionally, they blocked the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Of particular interest was that when they were used in combination (20 mg/kg/d each), the anti-RA effect and inhibitory activity on the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway were significantly enhanced. The results demonstrated that rosmanol and carnosol synergistically alleviated RA by inhibiting inflammation through regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway, meaning they have the potential to be developed into novel, safe natural combinations for the treatment of RA.
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Jiang H, Li M, Du K, Ma C, Cheng Y, Wang S, Nie X, Fu C, He Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: Taohong Siwu Decoction. Chin Med 2021; 16:129. [PMID: 34857023 PMCID: PMC8638166 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of breast cancer is the greastest threat to women' health all over the world. Among them, HER-2 positive breast cancer has the characteristics of high malignancy, easy recurrence and metastasis, and poor prognosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a rich theoretical basis and clinical application for breast cancer. TCM believes that blood stasis syndrome is one of the important pathogenesis of breast formation and development. Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSHWD) is based on the "First Prescription of Gynecology" Siwu Decoction. It is widely used in various blood stasis and blood deficiency syndromes, mainly in gynecological blood stasis. Clinical studies have found that THSWD can treat breast cancer by reducing blood vessel and lymphangiogenesis with auxiliary chemotherapy. In this study, we aim to explore the material basis and mechanism of THSWD in the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer through literature review and network pharmacology studies. Through a literature review of the traditional application, chemical composition of Chinese herbal medicine of THSWD, as well as its clinical reports and pharmacological research on breast cancer treatment. Meanwhile, we conducted "component-pathway-target" network through network pharmacology reveals the main material basis, possible targets and pathways of THSWD in inhibiting HER-2 positive breast cancer. Literature review and network pharmacology research results had predicted that, baicalein, kaempferol, caffeic acid, amygdalin, quercetin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, catalpol, hydroxysafflor yellow A, paeoniflorin in THSWD are the main effective chemical composition. THSWD regulates 386 protein targets and 166 pathways related to breast cancer. The molecular mechanism is mainly to improve the microenvironment of tumor cells, regulate the process of tumor cell EMT, and inhibit tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. This study revealed the mechanism of action of THSWD in the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer through literature review and network pharmacology studies, providing a scientific basis for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Minmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Kequn Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
- Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Guiyang, 550008, Guizhou, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Sun L. Effect of Total Glucosides of Paeony on Imiquimod-Induced Psoriatic Skin Lesions by Regulating VEGF. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:1889-1897. [PMID: 34992404 PMCID: PMC8714466 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s339627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to use a murine model of psoriasis to examine the effect of total glycosides of paeony (TGP) on psoriatic skin lesions and on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in skin lesions and blood. Methods A murine model of psoriasis was produced by shaving the backs of the mice and applying 5% imiquimod cream, 50 mg, to the backs of the mice once a day. Mice were killed on day 8, and skin and blood samples were obtained for histopathological examination and analysis of VEGF mRNA expression. Results By day 8 of the application of imiquimod cream, skin lesions characteristic of psoriasis were evident, and histopathological examination of skin sections showed changes consistent with psoriasis (corneum thickening and parakeratosis, attenuation of the stratum granulosum, thickening of the stratum spinosum, and lengthening of the epidermal ridge). In the treatment group, 7 days of treatment with TGP resulted in resolution of the skin lesions, and histopathological examination showed the epidermis and dermis are approximately normal, without corneum thickening, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis. On day 7 of treatment, skin expression of VEGF mRNA was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the group that did not receive treatment (p < 0.05). Blood VEGF mRNA expression was not different between the groups. Conclusion TGP is effective for the treatment of psoriasis and may act by decreasing lesion VEGF mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ledong Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ledong Sun Department of Dermatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 566, CongCheng Road, Conghua District, Guangzhou, 510900, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13829754145 Email
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Jin T, Zhou Z, Zhou J, Ouyang W, Wu Z. The Potential Effects of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma on the Extraction Efficiency of Bioactive Compounds in Radix Paeoniae Alba. Front Nutr 2021; 8:735742. [PMID: 34765630 PMCID: PMC8576355 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.735742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix paeoniae alba (RPA) is a kind of herbal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is widely used for the treatment of liver diseases and rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice. As a result of the low extraction efficiency of RPA by the conventional method, many patients are given high dosages. In this study, four exposure doses of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma (0, 60, 120, and 180 s) were applied to modify the extraction efficiency of paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, tannic acid, gallic acid, 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyacetophenone, and polysaccharide in RPA. Finally, the application of plasma for 180 s exhibited a 24.6% and 12.0% (p < 0.001) increase of tannic acid and polysaccharide contents, however, a 2.1% (p < 0.05) and 5.4% (p < 0.001) reduction of paeoniflorin and gallic acid composition, respectively, and no significant difference (p > 0.05) in results obtained from benzoylpaeoniflorin and 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyacetophenone contents. Our results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), automatic specific surface area and pore analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that DBD plasma can etch the surface and undergo graft polymerization by reactive species thereby changing the water/oil holding capacity and eventually changing the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds in RPA. Overall, our observations provide a scientific foundation for modifying the extraction efficiency of bioactive ingredients related to the pharmacological activities of RPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - Jian Zhou
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenchong Ouyang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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Paeonia lactiflora Root Extract and Its Components Reduce Biomarkers of Early Atherosclerosis via Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects In Vitro and In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101507. [PMID: 34679642 PMCID: PMC8532938 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various physiological activities of compounds obtained from Paeonia lactiflora have been reported, the effects of P. lactiflora extract (PLE) on early atherosclerosis remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo antiatherosclerosis and in vitro antioxidant effects of PLE and its compounds. PLE suppresses the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced capacity of THP-1 cells to adhere to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling in HUVECs. PLE also suppresses TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytosol as well as the enhanced TNFA and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA expression in HUVECs. We identified and quantified the following PLE compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection: methyl gallate, oxypaeoniflorin, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin, and paeonol. Among these, methyl gallate had the strongest inhibitory effect on monocyte adherence to TNF-α-induced HUVECs and the VCAM-1 expression. Reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that PLE compounds had a dissimilar inhibition effect on TNF-α-induced mRNA expression levels of CCL2, TNFA, and IL6 in HUVECs. Except for paeonol, the compounds inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species production in RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, oral administration of PLE improved TNF-α-induced macrophage infiltration to the vascular endothelium and expression of VCAM-1, as well as IL6 and TNFA gene expression in the main artery of mice. PLE could be useful as a nutraceutical material against early atherosclerosis via the combined effects of its components.
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Han MM, Yuan XR, Shi X, Zhu XY, Su Y, Xiong DK, Zhang XM, Zhou H, Wang JN. The Pathological Mechanism and Potential Application of IL-38 in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732790. [PMID: 34539413 PMCID: PMC8443783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-38 (IL-38), a new cytokine of interleukin-1 family (IL-1F), is expressed in the human heart, kidney, skin, etc. Recently, new evidence indicated that IL-38 is involved in the process of different autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases are a cluster of diseases accompanied with tissue damage caused by autoimmune reactions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, etc. This review summarized the links between IL-38 and autoimmune diseases, as well as the latest knowledge about the function and regulatory mechanism of IL-38 in autoimmune diseases. Especially, this review focused on the differentiation of immune cells and explore future prospects, such as the application of IL-38 in new technologies. Understanding the function of IL-38 is helpful to shed light on the progress of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Han
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yue Su
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Public Basic College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - De-Kai Xiong
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Min Zhang
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ji-Nian Wang
- Department of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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71
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Liang CL, Jiang H, Feng W, Liu H, Han L, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Zheng F, Lu CJ, Dai Z. Total Glucosides of Paeony Ameliorate Pristane-Induced Lupus Nephritis by Inducing PD-1 ligands + Macrophages via Activating IL-4/STAT6/PD-L2 Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683249. [PMID: 34290705 PMCID: PMC8288191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, a major subset of innate immune cells, are main infiltrating cells in the kidney in lupus nephritis. Macrophages with different phenotypes exert diverse or even opposite effects on the development of lupus nephritis. Substantial evidence has shown that macrophage M2 polarization is beneficial to individuals with chronic kidney disease. Further, it has been reported that PD-1 ligands (PD-Ls) contribute to M2 polarization of macrophages and their immunosuppressive effects. Total glucosides of paeony (TGP), originally extracted from Radix Paeoniae Alba, has been approved in China to treat some autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigated the potentially therapeutic effects of TGP on lupus nephritis in a pristane-induced murine model and explored the molecular mechanisms regulating macrophage phenotypes. We found that TGP treatment significantly improved renal function by decreasing the urinary protein and serum creatinine, reducing serum anti-ds-DNA level and ameliorating renal immunopathology. TGP increased the frequency of splenic and peritoneal F4/80+CD11b+CD206+ M2-like macrophages with no any significant effect on F4/80+CD11b+CD86+ M1-like macrophages. Immunofluorescence double-stainings of the renal tissue showed that TGP treatment increased the frequency of F4/80+Arg1+ subset while decreasing the percentage of F4/80+iNOS+ subset. Importantly, TGP treatment increased the percentage of both F4/80+CD11b+PD-L1+ and F4/80+CD11b+PD-L2+ subsets in spleen and peritoneal lavage fluid as well as the kidney. Furthermore, TGP augmented the expressions of CD206, PD-L2 and phosphorylated STAT6 in IL-4-treated Raw264.7 macrophages in vitro while its effects on PD-L2 were abolished by pretreatment of the cells with an inhibitor of STAT6, AS1517499. However, TGP treatment did not affect the expressions of STAT1 and PD-L1 in Raw264.7 macrophages treated with LPS/IFN-γ in vitro, indicating a possibly indirect effect of TGP on PD-L1 expression on macrophages in vivo. Thus, for the first time, we demonstrated that TGP may be a potent drug to treat lupus nephritis by inducing F4/80+CD11b+CD206+ and F4/80+CD11b+PD-L2+ macrophages through IL-4/STAT6/PD-L2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Gaozhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming, China
| | - Wenxuan Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunfang Zhang
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Jian Lu
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
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72
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Wang L, Pu X, Nie X, Wang D, Jiang H, Chen Y, Pang L, Wang S, Wang X, Xu Z, Fu C, Lin D, Zhang J. Integrated serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacological analysis used to explore possible anti-rheumatoid arthritis mechanisms of the Shentong-Zhuyu decoction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113988. [PMID: 33667569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shentong-Zhuyu decoction (STZYD) has been recognized by the Chinese National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as a classic TCM formula. Use of STZYD has shown a satisfactory clinical therapeutic outcome for rheumatoid arthritis (RA); despite this, its bioactive chemical composition and relevant mechanism(s) of this action have not been clearly elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the bioactive chemical composition of STZYD used for RA treatment and its possible mechanism(s) of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum pharmacochemistry mediated by the UPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS method was employed to identify the absorbed phytochemical compounds in serum derived from STZYD, which were commonly considered as the potential bioactive compounds. And then, these components were used to construct a compound-target network for RA using a network pharmacology approach, to predict the possible biological targets of STZYD along with potential signaling pathways. Afterwards, we established a Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced RA rat model, and observed the anti-RA effect of STZYD by a series of indexes, including foot swelling, ankle diameter, arthritis score, morphological and radiographic analysis, serum inflammatory factors, and histopathological analysis of synovial tissues. Particularly, the predicted pathway by the combination of serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology was further validated using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses in animal experiment. RESULTS Totally, 38 compounds derived from STZYD have been identified by serum sample analysis. Based on it, 387 genes related to these identified compounds in STZYD and 3807 genes related to RA were collected by network pharmacology. Critically, KEGG analysis indicated that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was recommended as one of the main pathway related to anti-RA effect of STZYD. Experimentally, STZYD significantly alleviated CFA-induced arthritis without any visible side-effects. Compared to the RA model group without any treatment, the treatment of STZYD significantly reduced the expression of both mRNA and protein targets in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, this result was also corroborated by immunohistochemistry analysis. All these studies could effectively corroborate the predicted result as above, suggested that the feasibility of this integrated strategy. CONCLUSION This study provided a useful strategy to identify bioactive compounds and the potential mechanisms for TCM formula by integrating serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiulan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huajuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Lan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Shengju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zhiyi Xu
- Chengdu Huasun Technology Group Inc., Ltd., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Dasheng Lin
- Chengdu Huasun Technology Group Inc., Ltd., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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73
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Fan YT, Zhong P, Xu JD, Zhou SS, Kong M, Zhou GR, Mao Q, Li SL. Integrating multiple-chromatographic approaches to evaluate chemical consistency of Chang-Kang-Fang preparations from mixed-herb decoction and combined single-herb decoction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114186. [PMID: 34118572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Chang-Kang-Fang formula (CKF), a multi-herbs traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription for treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), has been clinically applied in the traditional form of mixed-herb decoction (MHD), or in the modern form of combined single-herb decoction (cSHD, so called dispensing granule decoction) in the near decades, but the chemical consistency between the MHD and cSHD is still unknown. Herein, a new strategy by integrating multiple-chromatographic approaches to characterize both polysaccharides and small molecules was developed to compare the chemical consistency between MHD and cSHD. Sixteen small molecules were simultaneously qualified and quantified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, the molecular weight distribution of polysaccharides was characterized by HPGPC-ELSD, while the monosaccharide composition and total saccharides content were determined by HPLC-PDA and UV-VIS, respectively. It was found that the molecular weight range and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides, as well as the composition of small molecules, were identical between MHD and cSHD. However, the contents of berberine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, albiflorin and paeoniflorin in MHD were significantly lower than those in cSHD, whereas the content of polysaccharides in MHD was higher than that in cSHD, indicating that there is a significant difference in the quality between MHD and cSHD, in particular for the relative contents of major small molecules and polysaccharides. Whether or not these quality variations affect the efficacy and safety of CKF deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Gui-Rong Zhou
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin, 300000, PR China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China.
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Li LC, Ning DS, Fu YX, Pan ZH. Structure elucidation and anti-inflammatory mechanism of difengpienol C, a new neolignan isolated from Illicium difengpi. Fitoterapia 2021; 153:104949. [PMID: 34087408 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Illicium difengpi is well-known as its stem barks that have been widely used in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for therapy rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic injury. To comprehensive utilization of resources, the phytochemical investigation on the branches and leaves of this plant was carried out, which led to the isolation of an undescribed neolignan along with three known lignans. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data and the new compound was elucidated as a neolignan possessing a dihydropyran ring formed by a unique conjugation way and named difengpienol C. Difengpienol C showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which powerfully inhibited nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production and suppressed the mRNA transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6 and TNF-α. Besides, difengpienol C blocked the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, difengpienol C might be a potent agent for anti-inflammatory drug development, and the non-traditional medicinal parts of Illicium difengpi can be identified as the source of natural anti-inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Chun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China.
| | - De-Sheng Ning
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China.
| | - Yu-Xia Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China.
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75
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Wang C, Xing Y, Ding H, Wang P, Zhang L, Fu Z, Han L, Pang X. Multiple component-pharmacokinetic studies on 10 bioactive constituents of Peiyuan Tongnao capsule using parallel reaction monitoring mode. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5153. [PMID: 33931876 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peiyuan Tongnao capsule (PTC) plays an important role in clinical application due to its excellent curative efficacy in the treatment of ischemic stroke and chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency. To standardize and rationalize the clinical application of PTC, a rapid and sensitive method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode was developed and validated for the pharmacokinetic (PK) study. Ten bioactive compounds (aucubin, salidroside, echinacoside, paeoniflorin, verbascoside, liquiritin, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside, coumarin, glycyrrhizic acid, and emodin) were simultaneously determined in rat plasma. All calibration curves exhibited good linearity (r2 > 0.99). The lower limits of quantification were 0.082-13.291 ng mL-1 . The intra- and inter-day precision was 0.54-12.36%, whereas the intra- and inter-day accuracy ranged from 100.45 to 114.00%. The mean extraction recoveries were 81.77-117.66%, and the average matrix effects (MEs) were 86.23-109.96%. The high extraction recoveries and acceptable MEs indicated that the pretreatment method was feasible. And the stability was acceptable under various storage conditions and processing procedures. The validated method was successfully applied to the multiple components-PK studies, which lay the foundation for further pharmacological and clinical research of PTC and may provide a reference for other traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanchao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Henan Lingrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xinyang, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Li J, Ren S, Li M, Bi J, Yang G, Li E. Paeoniflorin protects against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice through inhibition of inflammation and eosinophil infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107667. [PMID: 33887576 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract. The treatment commonly includes anti-inflammatory agents like 5-aminosalicylic acid or corticosteroids or biologics for people with UC who are no longer responding to corticosteroids. The radices of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or similar plants of the Paeonia genus have been used in Chinese medicine to treat certain diseases that resemble the symptoms of UC. Paeoniflorin, a terpenoid glycoside, is a major active component for the anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of paeoniflorin (PF) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and found that PF exhibited protective activity against colitis. PF treatment suppressed NF-κB pathway activation, resulting down regulation of pro-inflammatory factor expression. In addition, we detected reduction in eosinophil-related chemokine gene expression and eosinophil infiltration. The treatment also reversed Treg cell population suppression. Although PF treatment did not block COX2 induction, the compound weakly inhibited COX2 activity in an enzymatic assay. Taken together, PF exerts its therapeutic activity against UC through inhibition of inflammation and eosinophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; Jiangsu Topcel Biological Technology Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Suiyuan Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Meng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Jingai Bi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Erguang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China.
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77
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Li P, Shen J, Wang Z, Liu S, Liu Q, Li Y, He C, Xiao P. Genus Paeonia: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, clinical application, and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113708. [PMID: 33346027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeonia, which comprises approximately 52 shrubs or herbaceous perennials around the world, is the only genus of the Paeoniaceae and is pervasively distributed in Asia, southern Europe, and North America. Many species of the genus Paeonia have been used for centuries in ethnomedical medical systems. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present study aims to summarize the traditional uses, clinical applications, and toxicology of the genus Paeonia, to critically evaluate the state-of-the-art phytochemical and pharmacological studies of this genus published between 2011 and 2020, and to suggest directions for further in-depth research on Paeonia medicinal resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS Popular and widely used databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched using the various search strings; from these searches, a number of citations related to the traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, clinical application, and toxicology of the genus Paeonia were retrieved. RESULTS The use of 21 species, 2 subspecies, and 7 varieties of the genus Paeonia as traditional herbal remedies has been reported, and many ethnomedicinal uses, such as the treatment of hematemesis, blood stasis, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, epilepsy, spasms, and gastritis, have been recorded. The roots and root bark are the most frequently reported parts of the plants used in medicinal applications. In phytochemical investigations, 451 compounds have been isolated from Paeonia plants to date, which contains monoterpenoid glucosides, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, triterpenoids and steroids, and phenols. Studies of their pharmacological activities have revealed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumour, antibacterial, antiviral, cardiovascular protective, and neuroprotective properties of the genus Paeonia. In particular, some bioactive extracts and compounds (total glucosides of peony (TGP), paeonol, and paeoniflorin) have been used as therapeutic drugs or tested in clinical trials. In addition to the "incompatibility" of the combined use of "shaoyao" and Veratrum nigrum L. roots in traditional Chinese medicine theory, Paeonia was considered to have no obvious toxicity based on the available toxicological tests. CONCLUSION A large number of phytochemical and pharmacological reports have indicated that Paeonia is an important medicinal herb resource, and some of its traditional uses including the treatment of inflammation and cardiovascular diseases and its use as a neuroprotective agent, have been partially confirmed through modern pharmacological studies. Monoterpenoid glucosides are the main active constituents. Although many compounds have been isolated from Paeonia plants, the biological activities of only a few of these compounds (paeoniflorin, paeonol, and TGP) have been extensively investigated. Some paeoniflorin structural analogues and resveratrol oligomers have been preliminarily studied. With the exception of several species (P. suffruticosa, P. ostii, P. lactiflora, and P. emodi) that are commonly used in folk medicine, many medicinal species within the genus do not receive adequate attention. Conducting phytochemical and pharmacological experiments on these species can provide new clues that may lead to the discovery of medicinal resources. It is necessary to identify the effective phytoconstituents of crude extracts of Paeonia that displayed pharmacological activities by bioactivity-guided isolation. In addition, comprehensive plant quality control, and toxicology and pharmacokinetic studies are needed in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Liu B, Meng X, Ma Y, Li H, Liu Y, Shi N, Chen Y, Wang Y, Lu C. Clinical safety of total glucosides of paeony adjuvant therapy for rheumatoid arthritis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:102. [PMID: 33771151 PMCID: PMC8004450 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total glucosides of paeony (TGP), an active compound extracted from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, has been increasingly used as the adjunctive therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Though TGP could mitigate the unanticipated adverse effects during the conventional treatment of RA, high-quality evidence-based meta-analysis data on this subject are still insufficient. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical safety of TGP adjuvant therapy in the RA treatment. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China Network Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed and WanFang Data were retrieved for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort study about TGP adjuvant therapy in patients with RA up to 28 January 2021. Literatures with eligibility criteria and information were screened and extracted by two researchers independently. The RevMan5.3 software was used for data analysis with effect estimates as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 39 studies involving 3680 RA participants were included. There were 8 comparisons: TGP plus methotrexate (MTX) therapy versus MTX therapy, TGP plus leflunomide (LEF) therapy versus LEF therapy, TGP plus MTX and LEF therapy versus MTX plus LEF therapy, TGP plus tripterygium glycosides (TG) therapy versus TG therapy, TGP plus meloxicam (MLX) therapy versus MLX therapy and TGP plus sulfasalazine (SSZ) therapy versus SSZ therapy, TGP plus iguratimod (IGU) therapy versus IGU therapy, TGP plus prednisone acetate tablets (PAT) therapy versus PAT therapy. The meta-analysis results showed that the occurrence of hepatic adverse effect (RR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.23-0.41, P < 0.00001) and leukopenia (RR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.26-0.66, P = 0.0002) in TGP adjuvant therapy was significant decreased compared with non-TGP therapy. However, only TGP plus LEF therapy (RR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.08-0.60, P = 0.003) and TGP plus MTX and LEF therapy (RR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.22-0.42, P < 0.00001) had statistical difference in the subgroups of hepatic adverse effect. In leukopenia, TGP plus MTX and LEF therapy (RR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25-0.87, P = 0.02) had statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicated that TGP adjuvant therapy might alleviate the incidence of hepatic adverse effect and leukopenia for the RA treatment compared to non-TGP therapy. The clinical safety of TGP adjuvant therapy warrant further investigation in experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Chinese GRADE Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Shi
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. .,Chinese GRADE Center, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yanping Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zhao X, Kim YR, Min Y, Zhao Y, Do K, Son YO. Natural Plant Extracts and Compounds for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030266. [PMID: 33803959 PMCID: PMC8001474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural plant extracts and compounds (NPECs), which originate from herbs or plants, have been used in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for many years. Over the years, many scientists have carried out a series of studies on the treatment of RA by NPEC. They found a high quantity of active NPECs with broad application prospects. In view of various complex functions of these NPECs, exploring their potential as medicines for RA treatment will be beneficial for RA patients. Thus, to help advance the development of high-quality NPECs for RA, we herein aimed to review the research progress of NPECs in the treatment of RA in recent years. Our findings showed that, from the pharmacological perspective, natural plant extracts or mixed herbal compounds effectively regulate the immune system to alleviate RA by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, individualized medication can be applied according to each patient's physical condition. However, the pathogenesis of RA and its immune mechanism has not been fully understood and requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Young-Rok Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Yunhui Min
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yaping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Kyoungtag Do
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.D.); (Y.-O.S.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3334 (K.D.); +82-64-754-3331 (Y.-O.S.)
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.D.); (Y.-O.S.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3334 (K.D.); +82-64-754-3331 (Y.-O.S.)
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80
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Traditional Chinese medicine is a useful and promising alternative strategy for treatment of Sjogren's syndrome: A review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2021; 19:191-202. [PMID: 33509710 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease involving exocrine glands. Current studies have found that the occurrence of the disease is closely related to genetic, environmental and neuroendocrine factors, as well as abnormal activation of T and B lymphocytes. The etiology and pathogenesis of pSS is complex, and there is a lack of specific targeted drugs. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been comprehensively investigated for their treatment effects on pSS. Through a systematic review of the literature, we summarized the TCMs used to treat pSS, and find that there are four major ways that TCMs are used, including upregulation of aquaporin proteins, suppression of cell apoptosis, suppression of the abnormal activation of B lymphocytes and suppression of the abnormal activation of T lymphocytes (balancing T helper type [Th]1/Th2 & Th17/Treg and suppressing follicular helper T [Tfh] cells). However, there are not enough data about the active constituents, quality control, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and modern preparations of these TCMs; therefore, more investigations are needed. This paper highlights the importance of TCMs for treating pSS and provides guidance for future investigations.
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81
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Nie R, Zhang Y, Jin Q, Zhang S, Wu G, Chen L, Zhang H, Wang X. Identification and characterisation of bioactive compounds from the seed kernels and hulls of Paeonia lactiflora Pall by UPLC-QTOF-MS. Food Res Int 2021; 139:109916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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82
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Shen C, Shen B, Zhu J, Wang J, Yuan H, Li X. Glycyrrhizic acid-based self-assembled micelles for improving oral bioavailability of paeoniflorin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 47:207-214. [PMID: 33305640 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1862178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paeoniflorin (Pae), a water-soluble monoterpene glucoside, has high potential clinical value in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the extremely low oral bioavailability of Pae (approximately 3%-4%) limits its formulation development and clinical application. This study aimed to develop micelles using the glycyrrhizic acid (GL) as the carrier to improve the oral absorption of Pae. METHODS Pae-loaded GL micelles were prepared by the ultrasonic dispersion method and its formulation was optimized by single-factor tests. Characterizations of Pae-loaded GL micelles including particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL), morphology, and drug release in vitro were carried out. The single-pass intestinal perfusion and pharmacokinetic studies of Pae-loaded GL micelles were also evaluated in rats and compared with Pae solution and the mixed solution of Pae and GL. RESULTS The optimized Pae-loaded GL micelles had EE of (42.21 ± 0.89)%, particle size of (58.89 ± 4.24) nm with PDI of (0.194 ± 0.010), zeta potential of (-24.40 ± 1.90) mV. Pae-loaded GL micelles showed a nearly spherical shape under TEM. Drug release of micelles demonstrated a delayed drug release compared to Pae solution. The single-pass intestinal perfusion study showed a significantly higher permeability of Pae in duodenum (p < 0.05), jejunum (p < 0.05), ileum (p < 0.01) and colon (p < 0.01) intestine after perfusion of Pae-loaded GL micelles as compared to Pae solution. The in vivo pharmacokinetics demonstrated that the Cmax and AUC0-t values of Pae-loaded GL micelles were approximately 2.18- and 3.64-fold superior than the Pae solution. CONCLUSION These results suggested GL could be a potential carrier for the oral delivery of Pae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Shen
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Baode Shen
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Zhu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaofang Li
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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83
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Fan Q, Guan X, Hou Y, Liu Y, Wei W, Cai X, Zhang Y, Wang G, Zheng X, Hao H. Paeoniflorin modulates gut microbial production of indole-3-lactate and epithelial autophagy to alleviate colitis in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:153345. [PMID: 33002829 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total glucosides of peony (TGP), extracted from the root and rhizome of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, has well-confirmed immunomodulatory efficacy in the clinic. However, the mechanism and active ingredients remain largely unclear. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Our previous study revealed a low systemic exposure but predominant gut distribution of TGP components. The aim of this study was to investigate involvement of the gut microbiota in the immunoregulatory effects and identify the active component. METHODS Mice received 3% DSS to establish a model of colitis. The treatment group received TGP or single paeoniflorin (PF) or albiflorin (AF). Body weight, colon length, inflammatory and histological changes were assessed. Gut microbiota structure was profiled by 16s rRNA sequencing. Antibiotic treatment and fecal transplantation were used to explore the involvement of gut microbiota. Metabolomic assay of host and microbial metabolites in colon was performed. RESULTS TGP improved colonic injury and gut microbial dysbiosis in colitis mice, and PF was responsible for the protective effects. Fecal microbiota transfer from TGP-treated mice conferred resilience to colitis, while antibiotic treatment abrogated the protective effects. Both TGP and PF decreased colonic indole-3-lactate (ILA), a microbial tryptophan metabolite. ILA was further identified as an inhibitor of epithelial autophagy and ILA supplementation compromised the benefits of TGP. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TGP acts in part through a gut microbiota-ILA-epithelial autophagy axis to alleviate colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaojing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuanlong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Youying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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84
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Wang M, Li Q, Zhang Y, Liu H. Total Glucosides of Peony Protect Cardiomyocytes against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Reversing Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6632413. [PMID: 33354278 PMCID: PMC7735829 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6632413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Total glucosides of peony (TGP) are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. We explored the protective effects of TGP on cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and inflammation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide by focusing on mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics. Our study demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide significantly repressed cardiomyocyte viability and promoted cell apoptosis through induction of the mitochondrial death pathway. TGP treatment sustained cardiomyocyte viability, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and decreased inflammation and oxidative stress. Molecular investigation indicated that hydrogen peroxide caused mitochondrial dynamics disruption and bioenergetics reduction in cardiomyocytes, but this alteration could be normalized by TGP. We found that disruption of mitochondrial dynamics abolished the regulatory effects of TGP on mitochondrial bioenergetics; TGP modulated mitochondrial dynamics through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway; and inhibition of AMPK alleviated the protective effects of TGP on mitochondria. Our results showed that TGP treatment reduces cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and inflammation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide by correcting mitochondrial dynamics and enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics. Additionally, the regulatory effects of TGP on mitochondrial function seem to be mediated through the AMPK pathway. These findings are promising for myocardial injury in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Tianjin First Central hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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85
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Chen F, Hu Y, Xie Y, Zhao Z, Ma L, Li Z, Tan W. Total Glucosides of Paeony Alleviate Cell Apoptosis and Inflammation by Targeting the Long Noncoding RNA XIST/MicroRNA-124-3p/ITGB1 Axis in Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8869511. [PMID: 33299380 PMCID: PMC7710434 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8869511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RI/RI) is the main cause of acute kidney injury. Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) are a traditional Chinese medicine. This study was aimed at exploring the role of TGP in RI/RI and its underlying mechanism of action. METHODS Rat RI/RI models were constructed by surgical operation. Serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were used to evaluate renal function. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. RI/RI was simulated by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment in renal cells in vitro. The lncRNA XIST (XIST) expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Then, the viability and apoptosis of renal cells were detected by MTT and flow cytometry assay. Additionally, dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the interactions among XIST, microRNA-124-3p (miR-124-3p), and ITGB1. RESULTS TGP improved renal function and inhibited inflammatory responses after RI/RI. XIST expression was highly expressed in rat RI/RI models and H/R-treated renal cells, whereas treatment with TGP downregulated the XIST expression. Additionally, TGP increased viability and attenuated apoptosis and inflammation of H/R-treated renal cells via inhibiting XIST. Moreover, XIST was competitively bound to miR-124-3p, and ITGB1 was a target of miR-124-3p. miR-124-3p overexpression or ITGB1 inhibition rescued the reduction effect on viability and mitigated the promoting effects on cell apoptosis and inflammation caused by XIST overexpression in H/R-treated renal cells. CONCLUSIONS In vivo, TGP attenuated renal dysfunction and inflammation in RI/RI rats. In vitro, TGP inhibited XIST expression to modulate the miR-124-3p/ITGB1 axis, alleviating the apoptosis and inflammation of H/R-treated renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Yuetao Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Zonghui Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Zhili Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Wanlong Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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86
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Kang L, Miao JX, Cao LH, Miao YY, Miao MS, Liu HJ, Xiang LL, Song YG. Total glucosides of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) flower attenuate adenine- and ethambutol-induced hyperuricaemia in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113054. [PMID: 32534113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) flower has been used widely in dietotherapy in China and other countries. It has good ethnopharmacological value in the treatment of various metabolic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms by which it lowers serum uric acid are unknown. The development of pharmaceutical resources is very important. Here, we sought to elucidate the mode of action of herbaceous peony in terms of reducing uric acid levels. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present research, the effects of the total glucosides of herbaceous peony flower were investigated in a rat hyperuricaemia model. Another aim of the study was to clarify the mechanism by which herbaceous peony flower (TGPF) lowers serum uric acid levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hyperuricaemic rat model was induced via intragastric administration of 100 mg/kg adenine and 250 mg/kg ethambutol hydrochloride (EH) for 23 d. Then TongFengShu 600 mg/kg, allopurinol 42 mg/kg, or TGPF (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, or 200 mg/kg) was administered 1 h after the adenine and EH treatments. RESULTS TGPF improved weight loss and decreased serum UA, XOD, MCP-1, TNF-α, Cr, and BUN in the rats with hyperuricaemic nephropathy. TGPF downregulated renal URAT1 and GLUT9, upregulated renal OAT1, and ameliorated histopathological changes in the thymus, spleen, and kidney. CONCLUSION TGPF is promising as a therapeutic agent against hyperuricaemia. It regulates the uric acid transporters and diminished serum uric acid levels, and alleviates renal pathology associated with hyperuricaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kang
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Jin-Xin Miao
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Li-Hua Cao
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Miao
- College of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ming-San Miao
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Hui-Juan Liu
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Li-Ling Xiang
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ya-Gang Song
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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87
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Lu WW, Fu TX, Wang Q, Chen YL, Li TY, Wu GL. The effect of total glucoside of paeony on gut microbiota in NOD mice with Sjögren's syndrome based on high-throughput sequencing of 16SrRNA gene. Chin Med 2020; 15:61. [PMID: 32536964 PMCID: PMC7291443 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of total glucoside of paeony (TGP) on gut microbiota in NOD mice with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), using high-throughput sequencing of 16SrRNA gene. Methods Twenty-four NOD mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 6 per group): sham group receiving deionized water (0.4 ml), hydroxychloroquin group receiving hydroxychloroquin (0.4 ml), TGP group receiving TGP (0.4 ml), and TGP + hydroxychloroquin group receiving 0.4 ml TGP and 0.4 ml hydroxychloroquin. Balb/c mice (n = 6) receiving 0.4 ml deionized water were used as a control group. After intragastric injection of drugs for 8 weeks, feces were collected for high-throughput sequencing of 16SrRNA gene. Results The sequencing of 16SrRNA gene resulted in 3686 OTUs, and 10 phyla and 69 genera were identified. Compared with the control group, the indices of Chao, Ace and Shannon in the other 4 groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05), and the Simpson index were significantly higher in the TGP, hydroxychloroquine, and sham groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the indices of Chao, Ace and Shannon were significantly higher (P < 0.05), whereas the Simpson index was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the TGP and TGP + hydroxychloroquine groups. At phylum level, Bacteroidetes was least abundant (36.1%), and Firmicutes was most abundant (56.28%) in the TGP + hydroxychloroquine group. Compared with the other 4 groups, Bacteroidetes was significantly less abundant (P < 0.05) and Firmicutes was significantly more abundant (P < 0.05) in the TGP + hydroxychloroquine group. Verrucomicrobia was most abundant (12.26%) in the hydroxychloroquine, and was significantly more abundant compared with the other 3 groups (P < 0.05). At genus level, compared with the control group, the abundance of Lactobacillus and Incertae of Phylum Firmicutes and Desulfovibrio of Phylum Proteobacteria was significantly increased, and the abundance of Bacteroides and Alloprevotella of Phylum Bacteroidetes and Pseudoflavonifractor of Phylum Firmicutes was significantly decreased in the TGP + hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05). Compared with the hydroxychloroquine group, the abundance of Akkermansia of Phylum Verrucomicrobia was significantly decreased in the TGP and TGP + hydroxychloroquine groups (P < 0.05). The abundance of Alistipes of Phylum Bacteroidetes and Desulfovibrio of Phylum Proteobacteria was significantly increased in the TGP + hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05). Conclusions TGP increases the growth of many key beneficial bacteria, inhibits the growth of dominant pathogenic bacteria, and increases the diversity and abundance of gut microorganisms, especially when combined with hydroxychloroquine. Our findings suggest that TGP may be effective to treat SS by improving the microecological structure of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Tian-Xiao Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Qing Wang
- Internal Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Provincial, Hangzhou, 310012 China
| | - Yi-Lian Chen
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Tian-Yi Li
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Guo-Lin Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
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