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Xu H, Cai F, Li P, Wang X, Yao Y, Chang X, Bi Z, Sun H, Zhuang H, Hua ZC. Characterization and Analysis of the Temporal and Spatial Dynamic of Several Enteritis Modeling Methodologies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727664. [PMID: 35003056 PMCID: PMC8728876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex disease involving genetic, immune, and microbiological factors. A variety of animal models of IBD have been developed to study the pathogenesis of human IBD, but there is no model that can fully represent the complexity of IBD. In this study, we established two acute enteritis models by oral 3% DSS or intraperitoneal injection of anti-CD3 antibody, and two chronic enteritis models by feeding 3 cycles of 1.5% DSS or 3 months of the high-fat diet, respectively, and then examined the clinical parameters, histological changes, and cytokine expression profiles after the successful establishment of the models. Our results indicated that in 3% DSS-induced acute enteritis, the colorectal injury was significantly higher than that of the small intestine, while in anti-CD3 antibody-induced acute enteritis, the small intestine injury was significantly higher than that of colorectal damage. Besides, in the 1.5% DSS-induced chronic enteritis, the damage was mainly concentrated in the colorectal, while the damage caused by long-term HFD-induced chronic enteritis was more focused on the small intestine. Therefore, our work provides a reference for selecting appropriate models when conducting research on factors related to the pathogenesis of IBD or evaluating the potential diagnosis and treatment possibilities of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangru Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyao Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqian Bi
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huisong Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqin Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongqin Zhuang, ; Zi-Chun Hua,
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou, China
- Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongqin Zhuang, ; Zi-Chun Hua,
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Zhou Y, Duan L, Zeng Y, Niu L, Pu Y, Jacobs JP, Chang C, Wang J, Khalique A, Pan K, Fang J, Jing B, Zeng D, Ni X. The Panda-Derived Lactobacillus plantarum G201683 Alleviates the Inflammatory Response in DSS-Induced Panda Microbiota-Associated Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747045. [PMID: 34956180 PMCID: PMC8692892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal diseases are one of the main causes of captive giant panda death. Their special dietary habits and gastrointestinal tract structure often lead to intestinal epithelium damage and secondary intestinal infection. The captive giant panda is predisposed to suffer from microbiota dysbiosis due to long-term artificial feeding and antibiotic misuse. However, there are few reported probiotics to treat giant panda enteritis and the associated dysbiosis. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism by which Lactobacillus plantarum G201683 (L. plantarum G83), a promising panda-derived probiotic, exerts a protective effect on intestinal inflammation in the dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS) induced panda microbiota-associated (DPMA) mouse model. The DPMA mouse was generated by antibiotic treatment and 5% DSS drinking water administration to assess the effect of L. plantarum G83 on intestinal inflammation and microbiota in vivo. Our results demonstrated the successful generation of a DPMA mouse model with Enterobacteriaceae enrichment, consistent with the giant panda intestinal microbiota. L. plantarum G83 decreased clinical and histological severity of intestinal inflammation, enhanced intestinal tight junction protein expression (ZO-1, Occludin) and alleviated inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-) in the colon of DPMA mice. The administration of L. plantarum G83 altered the microbiota composition by decreasing pathogen associated taxa such as E. coli and increasing abundance of beneficial bacteria including Bifidobacterium spp. These changes in microbiota composition were associated with an increased concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), reduced NF-κB signaling, and an altered balance of T helper cell subsets. Our findings support L. plantarum G83 as a promising probiotic to treat intestinal inflammation in the giant panda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Duan
- Central Station of Animal Feed Affairs of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Chengdu Wildlife Institute, Chengdu Zoo, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Pu
- Chengdu Wildlife Institute, Chengdu Zoo, Chengdu, China
| | - Jonathan P. Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Candace Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jie Wang
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Abdul Khalique
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Chartier LC, Howarth GS, Trinder D, Mashtoub S. Emu oil and grape seed extract reduce tumour burden and disease parameters in murine colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:202-209. [PMID: 32940671 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an incurable condition whereby patients are at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate the combination of Emu oil (EO) and grape seed extract (GSE) in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model of colitis-associated CRC (CA-CRC). C57BL/6 mice (n = 10/group) were injected i.p. with saline or AOM (7.4 mg/kg) and underwent three DSS/water cycles. Mice were orally-gavaged thrice weekly with water (80 μl), EO (80 μl), GSE (80 μl; 400 mg/kg) or combined EO/GSE (160 μl). Mice were euthanized on day 63. AOM/DSS induced significant bodyweight loss (max -21%) and increased disease activity index (DAI) (max +83%) throughout the trial (P < 0.05). EO (max -53%), GSE (max -51%) and EO/GSE (max -71%) reduced DAI scores in AOM/DSS mice in all DSS cycles (P < 0.05). EO/GSE-treatment in AOM/DSS mice resulted in further DAI reduction compared with EO (max -62%) and GSE (max -71%) alone (P < 0.05). AOM/DSS mice presented with severe colonoscopically-assessed colitis at all time-points, which was reduced by EO, GSE and EO/GSE (P < 0.05). EO, GSE and EO/GSE reduced the number of colonic tumours compared with AOM/DSS controls (P < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase (acute inflammation) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran levels (intestinal permeability) were increased in AOM/DSS controls (P < 0.05). EO (-58%) and EO/GSE (-77%) reduced fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran compared with AOM/DSS controls (P < 0.05), with no effect on myeloperoxidase. Histologically-assessed severity scores were increased in the distal colon of AOM/DSS mice compared with saline (P < 0.05), with no effect observed following treatment. The combination of EO and GSE improved clinical indicators and reduced colonic tumours in AOM/DSS treated mice, suggesting potential in CA-CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Chartier
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gordon S Howarth
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy campus, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Debbie Trinder
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Suzanne Mashtoub
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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McElrath C, Espinosa V, Lin JD, Peng J, Sridhar R, Dutta O, Tseng HC, Smirnov SV, Risman H, Sandoval MJ, Davra V, Chang YJ, Pollack BP, Birge RB, Galan M, Rivera A, Durbin JE, Kotenko SV. Critical role of interferons in gastrointestinal injury repair. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2624. [PMID: 33976143 PMCID: PMC8113246 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of ulcerative colitis is poorly understood and is likely to involve perturbation of the complex interactions between the mucosal immune system and the commensal bacteria of the gut, with cytokines acting as important cross-regulators. Here we use IFN receptor-deficient mice in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of acute intestinal injury to study the contributions of type I and III interferons (IFN) to the initiation, progression and resolution of acute colitis. We find that mice lacking both types of IFN receptors exhibit enhanced barrier destruction, extensive loss of goblet cells and diminished proliferation of epithelial cells in the colon following DSS-induced damage. Impaired mucosal healing in double IFN receptor-deficient mice is driven by decreased amphiregulin expression, which IFN signaling can up-regulate in either the epithelial or hematopoietic compartment. Together, these data underscore the pleiotropic functions of IFNs and demonstrate that these critical antiviral cytokines also support epithelial regeneration following acute colonic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance McElrath
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vanessa Espinosa
- Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jian-Da Lin
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jianya Peng
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Raghavendra Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Orchi Dutta
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chi Tseng
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sergey V Smirnov
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Heidi Risman
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Marvin J Sandoval
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viralkumar Davra
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yun-Juan Chang
- Office of Advance Research Computing, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Brian P Pollack
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Galan
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Joan E Durbin
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Sheng Q, Li F, Chen G, Li J, Li J, Wang Y, Lu Y, Li Q, Li M, Chai K. Ursolic Acid Regulates Intestinal Microbiota and Inflammatory Cell Infiltration to Prevent Ulcerative Colitis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6679316. [PMID: 34007853 PMCID: PMC8111854 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6679316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disorder in the colon and rectum leading to low life-quality and high societal costs. Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural product with pharmacological and biological activities. The studies are aimed at investigating the protective and treatment effects of UA against the dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced UC mouse model and its underlying mechanism. UA was orally administered at different time points before and after the DSS-induced model. Mice body weight, colon length, and histological analysis were used to evaluate colon tissue damage and therapeutic evaluation. Intestinal transcriptome and microbe 16 s sequencing was used to analyze the mechanisms of UA in the prevention and treatment of UC. The early prevention effect of UA could effectively delay mouse weight loss and colon length shorten. UA alleviated UC inflammation and lowered serum and colon IL-6 levels. Three classical inflammatory pathways: MAPKs, IL-6/STAT3, and PI3K were downregulated by UA treatment. The proportion of macrophages and neutrophils in inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in UA treatment groups. UA could significantly reduce the richness of intestinal flora to avoid the inflammatory response due to the destruction of the intestinal epithelial barrier. The function of UA against UC was through reducing intestinal flora abundance and regulating inflammatory and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathways to affect immune cell infiltration and cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsong Sheng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Guanping Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Jing Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - YiFan Wang
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Yingyan Lu
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Qun Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Kequn Chai
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
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Pathak S, Gokhroo A, Kumar Dubey A, Majumdar S, Gupta S, Almeida A, Mahajan GB, Kate A, Mishra P, Sharma R, Kumar S, Vishwakarma R, Balakrishnan A, Atreya H, Nandi D. 7-Hydroxy Frullanolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, increases intracellular calcium amounts, lowers CD4 + T cell and macrophage responses, and ameliorates DSS-induced colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107655. [PMID: 33901737 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones are a class of anti-inflammatory molecules obtained from plants belonging to the Asteraceae family. In this study, the effects of 7-hydroxy frullanolide (7HF), a sesquiterpene lactone, in inhibiting CD4+ T cell and peritoneal macrophage responses were investigated. 7HF, in a dose dependent manner, lowers CD69 upregulation, IL2 production and CD4+ T cell cycling upon activation with the combination of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that 7HF, at early time points, increases intracellular Ca2+ amounts, over and above the levels induced upon activation. The functional relevance of 7HF-induced Ca2+ increase was confirmed using sub-optimal amounts of BAPTA, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, which lowers lactate and rescues CD4+ T cell cycling. In addition, 7HF lowers T cell cycling with the combination of PMA and Ionomycin. However, 7HF increases CD4+ T cell cycling with sub-optimal activating signals: only PMA or anti-CD3. Furthermore, LPS-induced nitrite and IL6 production by peritoneal macrophages is inhibited by 7HF in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Studies with Ca2+ channel inhibitors, Ruthenium Red and 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, lowers the inhibitory effects of 7HF on CD4+ T cell and macrophage responses. In silico studies demonstrated that 7HF binds to Ca2+ channels, TRPV1, IP3R and SERCA, which is mechanistically important. Finally, intraperitoneal administration of 7HF lowers serum inflammatory cytokines, IFNγ and IL6, and reduces the effects of DSS-induced colitis with respect to colon length and colon damage. Overall, this study sheds mechanistic light on the anti-inflammatory potential of 7HF, a natural plant compound, in lowering immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanmoy Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Abhijeet Gokhroo
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ashim Kumar Dubey
- Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shamik Majumdar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Souradeep Gupta
- NMR Research Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Asha Almeida
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Girish B Mahajan
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Abhijeet Kate
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Prabhu Mishra
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Ram Vishwakarma
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Arun Balakrishnan
- High Throughput Department, Piramal Research Center,1 Nirlon Complex, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Hanudatta Atreya
- NMR Research Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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7
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Li J, Ren S, Li M, Bi J, Yang G, Li E. Paeoniflorin protects against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice through inhibition of inflammation and eosinophil infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107667. [PMID: 33887576 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract. The treatment commonly includes anti-inflammatory agents like 5-aminosalicylic acid or corticosteroids or biologics for people with UC who are no longer responding to corticosteroids. The radices of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or similar plants of the Paeonia genus have been used in Chinese medicine to treat certain diseases that resemble the symptoms of UC. Paeoniflorin, a terpenoid glycoside, is a major active component for the anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of paeoniflorin (PF) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and found that PF exhibited protective activity against colitis. PF treatment suppressed NF-κB pathway activation, resulting down regulation of pro-inflammatory factor expression. In addition, we detected reduction in eosinophil-related chemokine gene expression and eosinophil infiltration. The treatment also reversed Treg cell population suppression. Although PF treatment did not block COX2 induction, the compound weakly inhibited COX2 activity in an enzymatic assay. Taken together, PF exerts its therapeutic activity against UC through inhibition of inflammation and eosinophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; Jiangsu Topcel Biological Technology Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Suiyuan Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Meng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Jingai Bi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Erguang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China.
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8
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Wang Y, Wen R, Liu D, Zhang C, Wang ZA, Du Y. Exploring Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on the DSS-Induced Intestinal Barrier Impairment In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2021; 26:2199. [PMID: 33920375 PMCID: PMC8070450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction is an essential pathological change in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The mucus layer and the intestinal epithelial tight junction act together to maintain barrier integrity. Studies showed that chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) had a positive effect on gut health, effectively protecting the intestinal barrier in IBD. However, these studies usually focused on its impact on the intestinal epithelial tight junction. The influence of COS on the intestinal mucus layer is still poorly understood. In this study, we explored the effect of COS on intestinal mucus in vitro using human colonic mucus-secreted HT-29 cells. COS relieved DSS (dextran sulfate sodium)-induced mucus defects. Additionally, the structural characteristics of COS greatly influenced this activity. Finally, we evaluated the protective effect of COS on intestinal barrier function in mice with DSS-induced colitis. The results indicated that COS could manipulate intestinal mucus production, which likely contributed to its intestinal protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.W.); (R.W.); (D.L.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.W.); (R.W.); (D.L.)
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.W.); (R.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.W.); (R.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Zhuo A. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.W.); (R.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.W.); (R.W.); (D.L.)
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9
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Xu W, Su W, Xue Z, Pu F, Xie Z, Jin K, Polyakov NE, Dushkin AV, Su W. Research on Preparation of 5-ASA Colon-Specific Hydrogel Delivery System without Crosslinking Agent by Mechanochemical Method. Pharm Res 2021; 38:693-706. [PMID: 33754258 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-02993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to overcome the challenges of the current oral targeted drug delivery system, such as the complex preparation process, poor biocompatibility, and delayed drug release. METHODS Here, a non-covalent polymer hydrogel was prepared using the mechanochemical method, and the solid phase loading of 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) was realized. RESULTS The results obtained from the thermodynamics study, particle size analysis, and electron microscopy show that chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA) form a pH-sensitive hydrogel under the mechanochemical force and also maintain good stability in aqueous solution. Fluorescent tracers study showed that the pH-sensitive hydrogel could achieve the targeted drug release in the colon and the retention time was over 12 h. Next, in vivo efficacy studies, change in mice body weight, DAI (disease activity index) score, thymus, and spleen index, and the diseased state of the mice colon revealed that the pH-sensitive hydrogel is an improved drug delivery system over 5-ASA API commercial preparations as observed in the efficacy and toxicological studies. CONCLUSION This method uses an innovative preparation technology that without the need of cross-linking agent to produce an efficient colon-targeted drug delivery system for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhencheng Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Faxiang Pu
- Zhejiang Suichang Limin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Suichang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangfu Xie
- Zhejiang Suichang Limin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Suichang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongliang Jin
- Zhejiang Suichang Limin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Suichang, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Alexander V Dushkin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Weike Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Chen H, Gao S, Liu W, Wong CC, Wu J, Wu J, Liu D, Gou H, Kang W, Zhai J, Li C, Su H, Wang S, Soares F, Han J, He HH, Yu J. RNA N 6-Methyladenosine Methyltransferase METTL3 Facilitates Colorectal Cancer by Activating the m 6A-GLUT1-mTORC1 Axis and Is a Therapeutic Target. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1284-1300.e16. [PMID: 33217448 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has recently emerged as a new regulatory mechanism in cancer progression. We aimed to explore the role of the m6A regulatory enzyme METTL3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS The expression and clinical implication of METTL3 were investigated in multiple human CRC cohorts. The underlying mechanisms of METTL3 in CRC were investigated by integrative m6A sequencing, RNA sequencing, and ribosome profiling analyses. The efficacy of targeting METTL3 in CRC treatment was elucidated in CRC cell lines, patient-derived CRC organoids, and Mettl3-knockout mouse models. RESULTS Using targeted clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 dropout screening, we identified METTL3 as the top essential m6A regulatory enzyme in CRC. METTL3 was overexpressed in 62.2% (79/127) and 88.0% (44/50) of primary CRCs from 2 independent cohorts. High METTL3 expression predicted poor survival in patients with CRC (n = 374, P < .01). Functionally, silencing METTL3 suppressed tumorigenesis in CRC cells, human-derived primary CRC organoids, and Mettl3-knockout mouse models. We discovered the novel functional m6A methyltransferase domain of METTL3 in CRC cells by domain-focused CRISPR screening and mutagenesis assays. Mechanistically, METTL3 directly induced the m6A-GLUT1-mTORC1 axis as identified by integrated m6A sequencing, RNA sequencing, ribosome sequencing, and functional validation. METTL3 induced GLUT1 translation in an m6A-dependent manner, which subsequently promoted glucose uptake and lactate production, leading to the activation of mTORC1 signaling and CRC development. Furthermore, inhibition of mTORC1 potentiated the anticancer effect of METTL3 silencing in CRC patient-derived organoids and METTL3 transgenic mouse models. CONCLUSIONS METTL3 promotes CRC by activating the m6A-GLUT1-mTORC1 axis. METTL3 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weixin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingtong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dabin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hongyan Gou
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianning Zhai
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chuangen Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shiyan Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fraser Soares
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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11
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Dou D, Liang J, Zhai X, Li G, Wang H, Han L, Lin L, Ren Y, Liu S, Liu C, Guo W, Li J. Oxytocin signalling in dendritic cells regulates immune tolerance in the intestine and alleviates DSS-induced colitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:597-611. [PMID: 33564880 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is associated with immune dysfunction. Recent studies have indicated that the neurosecretory hormone oxytocin (OXT) has been proven to alleviate experimental colitis. METHODS We investigated the role of OXT/OXT receptor (OXTR) signalling in dendritic cells (DCs) using mice with specific OXTR deletion in CD11c+ cells (OXTRflox/flox×CD11c-cre mice) and a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. RESULTS The level of OXT was abnormal in the serum or colon tissue of DSS-induced colitis mice or the plasma of UC patients. Both bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) and lamina propria DCs (LPDCs) express OXTR. Knocking out OXTR in DCs exacerbated DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis in mice. In contrast, the injection of OXT-pretreated DCs significantly ameliorated colitis. Mechanistically, OXT prevented DC maturation through the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (Pi3K)/AKT pathway and promoted phagocytosis, adhesion and cytokine modulation in DCs. Furthermore, OXT pre-treated DCs prevent CD4+ T cells differentiation to T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that OXT-induced tolerogenic DCs efficiently protect against experimental colitis via Pi3K/AKT pathway. Our work provides evidence that the nervous system participates in the immune regulation of colitis by modulating DCs. Our findings suggest that generating ex vivo DCs pretreated with OXT opens new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of UC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Dou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jinghui Liang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guosheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Liying Han
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yifei Ren
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Maruszewska-Cheruiyot M, Donskow-Łysoniewska K, Krawczak K, Machcińska M, Doligalska M. Immunomodulatory potential of nematodes against dendritic cells is dependent on intestinal inflamation. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 115:103879. [PMID: 33007336 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mouse intestinal parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus demonstrates adaptation to the inflammatory milieu as a result of colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Nematodes from mice with colitis had different effects on dendritic cells than nematodes from mice without colitis. Immature JAWSII cells pre-exposed to L4 stage H. polygyrus from DSS-treated mice were adoptively transferred to mice with induced colitis. After two days, a higher disease activity index, macroscopic damage score and colon histology score were observed. MLN T cells isolated nine days after transfer demonstrated proinflammatory IFN-γ and IL-17 production. Transfer of JAWSII stimulated with male or female L4 larvae from a control invasion resulted in a slight improvement of colitis; in addition, dendritic cells exposed to H. polygyrus female L4 larvae, provoked migration of CD8+CD25+ T cells from MLN to the colon. Nematodes from an inflammatory environment changed cytokine production by dendritic cells. Inflammatory milieu changing nematode immunomodulatory activity affects dendritic cell functions, which offers new insight into the helminth-host relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maruszewska-Cheruiyot
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Donskow-Łysoniewska
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krawczak
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maja Machcińska
- Laboratory of Parasitology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Doligalska
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Dwyer Z, Chaiquin M, Landrigan J, Ayoub K, Shail P, Rocha J, Childers CL, Storey KB, Philpott DJ, Sun H, Hayley S. The impact of dextran sodium sulphate and probiotic pre-treatment in a murine model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:20. [PMID: 33422110 PMCID: PMC7796536 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent work has established that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have an altered gut microbiome, along with signs of intestinal inflammation. This could help explain the high degree of gastric disturbances in PD patients, as well as potentially be linked to the migration of peripheral inflammatory factors into the brain. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine microbiome alteration prior to the induction of a PD murine model. METHODS We presently assessed whether pre-treatment with the probiotic, VSL #3, or the inflammatory inducer, dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), would influence the PD-like pathology provoked by a dual hit toxin model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and paraquat exposure. RESULTS While VSL #3 has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects, DSS is often used as a model of colitis because of the gut inflammation and the breach of the intestinal barrier that it induces. We found that VSL#3 did not have any significant effects (beyond a blunting of LPS paraquat-induced weight loss). However, the DSS treatment caused marked changes in the gut microbiome and was also associated with augmented behavioral and inflammatory outcomes. In fact, DSS markedly increased taxa belonging to the Bacteroidaceae and Porphyromonadaceae families but reduced those from Rikencellaceae and S24-7, as well as provoking colonic pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, consistent with an inflamed gut. The DSS also increased the impact of LPS plus paraquat upon microglial morphology, along with circulating lipocalin-2 (neutrophil marker) and IL-6. Yet, neither DSS nor VSL#3 influenced the loss of substantia nigra dopamine neurons or the astrocytic and cytoskeleton remodeling protein changes that were provoked by the LPS followed by paraquat treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that disruption of the intestinal integrity and the associated microbiome can interact with systemic inflammatory events to promote widespread brain-gut changes that could be relevant for PD and at the very least, suggestive of novel neuro-immune communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Dwyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Melany Chaiquin
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Landrigan
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kiara Ayoub
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Pragya Shail
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Julianna Rocha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christie L Childers
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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14
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Wang Y, Liu K, Qi Z, Chen T, Yu W, Jiang Y, Li G, Xiao H. Therapeutic Mechanism and Effect of Camptothecin on Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5556659. [PMID: 33987448 PMCID: PMC8093050 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5556659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) is a cytotoxic quinoline alkaloid isolated from the bark and branches of the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata. CPT inhibits topoisomerase I. It possesses various antitumor activities and is mainly used in the treatment of colon, ovarian, liver, and bone cancers as well as leukemia. CPT inhibits the expressions of inflammatory genes and can prevent death from chronic inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of CPT treatment in ulcerative colitis (UC) using DSS-induced UC mouse model; after that, we explored its potential mechanisms. Here, we found that CPT exerted protection on DSS-induced UC in rats. In addition, the administration prominently reduced the disease activity index as well as colon length of the model rats and remarkably reduced the inflammatory cytokines. Further, CPT significantly reduced several vital proinflammatory proteins in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In summary, our findings demonstrate that CPT is hopefully to act as a therapeutic agent for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Wang
- 1Department of Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Kunjian Liu
- 2Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiyong Qi
- 3Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Tong Chen
- 3Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Wei Yu
- 3Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- 3Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- 2Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huijie Xiao
- 3Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
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15
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Chulkina MM, Pichugin AV, Ataullakhanov RI. Pharmaceutical grade synthetic peptide Thr-Glu-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Glu-Thr-Val-Glu-Arg-Glu-Lys-Glu ameliorates DSS-induced murine colitis by reducing the number and pro-inflammatory activity of colon tissue-infiltrating Ly6G + granulocytes and Ly6C + monocytes. Peptides 2020; 132:170364. [PMID: 32621844 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A pharmaceutical grade synthetic tetradecapeptide Thr-Glu-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Glu-Thr-Val-Glu-Arg-Glu-Lys-Glu (GEPON) that mimics the ezrin protein hinge region was studied in dextran sodium sulphate-induced murine experimental colitis (DSS colitis). We report that GEPON intraperitoneal injections significantly attenuated DSS-induced pathological manifestations in the large intestine, bloody diarrhoea, and body weight loss in C57BL/6 mice. GEPON markedly inhibited the transcription rate of pro-inflammatory Il1b, Il6, and Nos2 genes in the colon tissue, in contrast with those encoding anti-inflammatory factors, such as Tgfb1, I10, and Arg1, whose transcription rate did not change significantly. Using flow cytometry, we found that GEPON treatment significantly reduced the accumulation of Ly6G+ granulocytes and Ly6C+ monocytes in the colon infiltrate of DSS colitis mice. Analysis of the mRNA level in myeloid cells sorted from the colon tissue revealed that GEPON had decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in both colon-infiltrating Ly6G+ granulocytes and Ly6C+ monocytes, but not in Ly6C-CD64+ macrophages of DSS-treated mice. The direct anti-inflammatory impact of GEPON was shown in an in vitro culture of Ly6C+ monocytes, as evidenced by an inhibition of IL-1 beta and IL-6 mRNA expression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GEPON had a pronounced therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis in a laboratory mice model and provided evidence of its curative efficacy via inhibition of colon tissue inflammation by decreasing Ly6G+ granulocyte and Ly6C+ monocyte infiltration and by reducing their pro-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Chulkina
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A V Pichugin
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - R I Ataullakhanov
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
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16
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Leon-Coria A, Kumar M, Workentine M, Moreau F, Surette M, Chadee K. Muc2 Mucin and Nonmucin Microbiota Confer Distinct Innate Host Defense in Disease Susceptibility and Colonic Injury. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:77-98. [PMID: 32659381 PMCID: PMC7596264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alterations in intestinal MUC2 mucin and microbial diversity are closely linked with important intestinal pathologies; however, their impact on each other and on intestinal pathogenesis has been vaguely characterized. Therefore, it was of interest in this study to delineate distinct and cooperative function of commensal microbiota and the Muc2 mucus barrier in maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier function. METHODS Muc2 mucin deficient (Muc2-/-) and sufficient (Muc2+/+) littermates were used as a model for assessing the role of Muc2. To quantify the role of the microbiota in disease pathogenesis, Muc2+/+ and Muc2-/- littermates were treated with a cocktail of antibiotics that reduced indigenous bacteria, and then fecal transplanted with littermate stool and susceptibility to dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) quantified. RESULTS Although, Muc2+/+ and Muc2-/- littermates share similar phyla distribution as evidenced by 16S sequencing they maintain their distinctive gastrointestinal phenotypes. Basally, Muc2-/- showed low-grade colonic inflammation with high populations of inflammatory and tolerogenic immune cells that became comparable to Muc2+/+ littermates following antibiotic treatment. Antibiotics treatment rendered Muc2+/+ but not Muc2-/- littermates highly susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis that was ILC3 dependent. Muc2-/- microbiota was colitogenic to Muc2+/+ as it worsened DSS-induced colitis. Microbiota dependent inflammation was confirmed by bone-marrow chimera studies, as Muc2-/- receiving Muc2+/+ bone marrow showed no difference in their susceptibility toward DSS induced colitis. Muc2-/- microbiota exhibited presence of characteristic OTUs of specific bacterial populations that were transferrable to Muc2+/+ littermates. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight a distinct role for Muc2 mucin in maintenance of healthy microbiota critical in shaping innate host defenses to promote intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aralia Leon-Coria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Workentine
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - France Moreau
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Surette
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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17
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Esquerre N, Basso L, Defaye M, Vicentini FA, Cluny N, Bihan D, Hirota SA, Schick A, Jijon HB, Lewis IA, Geuking MB, Sharkey KA, Altier C, Nasser Y. Colitis-Induced Microbial Perturbation Promotes Postinflammatory Visceral Hypersensitivity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:225-244. [PMID: 32289500 PMCID: PMC7301239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Despite achieving endoscopic remission, more than 20% of inflammatory bowel disease patients experience chronic abdominal pain. These patients have increased rectal transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor (TRPV1) expression, a key transducer of inflammatory pain. Because inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission exhibit dysbiosis and microbial manipulation alters TRPV1 function, our goal was to examine whether microbial perturbation modulated transient receptor potential function in a mouse model. METHODS Mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis and were allowed to recover. The microbiome was perturbed by using antibiotics as well as fecal microbial transplant (FMT). Visceral and somatic sensitivity were assessed by recording visceromotor responses to colorectal distention and using hot plate/automated Von Frey tests, respectively. Calcium imaging of isolated dorsal root ganglia neurons was used as an in vitro correlate of nociception. The microbiome composition was evaluated via 16S rRNA gene variable region V4 amplicon sequencing, whereas fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were assessed by using targeted mass spectrometry. RESULTS Postinflammatory DSS mice developed visceral and somatic hyperalgesia. Antibiotic administration during DSS recovery induced visceral, but not somatic, hyperalgesia independent of inflammation. FMT of postinflammatory DSS stool into antibiotic-treated mice increased visceral hypersensitivity, whereas FMT of control stool reversed antibiotics' sensitizing effects. Postinflammatory mice exhibited both increased SCFA-producing species and fecal acetate/butyrate content compared with controls. Capsaicin-evoked calcium responses were increased in naive dorsal root ganglion neurons incubated with both sodium butyrate/propionate alone and with colonic supernatants derived from postinflammatory mice. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome plays a central role in postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity. Microbial-derived SCFAs can sensitize nociceptive neurons and may contribute to the pathogenesis of postinflammatory visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Esquerre
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Lilian Basso
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Manon Defaye
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Fernando A Vicentini
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Nina Cluny
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | | | - Simon A Hirota
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Alana Schick
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Humberto B Jijon
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Microbiology, Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Christophe Altier
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary.
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18
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Mennillo E, Yang X, Paszek M, Auwerx J, Benner C, Chen S. NCoR1 Protects Mice From Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis by Guarding Colonic Crypt Cells From Luminal Insult. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:133-147. [PMID: 32044398 PMCID: PMC7229481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colonic stem cells are essential for producing the mucosal lining, which in turn protects stem cells from insult by luminal factors. Discovery of genetic and biochemical events that control stem cell proliferation and differentiation can be leveraged to decipher the causal factors of ulcerative colitis and aid the development of more effective therapy. METHODS We performed in vivo and in vitro studies from control (nuclear receptor corepressor 1 [NCoR1F/F]) and intestinal epithelial cell-specific NCoR1-deficient mice (NCoR1ΔIEC). Mice were challenged with dextran sodium sulfate to induce experimental ulcerative colitis, followed by colitis examination, barrier permeability analysis, cell proliferation immunostaining assays, and RNA sequencing analysis. By using crypt cultures, the organoid-forming efficiency, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and histone acetylation were analyzed after butyrate and/or tumor necrosis factor α treatments. RESULTS NCoR1ΔIEC mice showed a dramatic increase in disease severity in this colitis model, with suppression of proliferative cells at the crypt base as an early event and a concomitant increase in barrier permeability. Genome expression patterns showed an important role for NCoR1 in colonic stem cell proliferation and secretory cell differentiation. Colonic organoids cultured from NCoR1ΔIEC mice were more sensitive to butyrate-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, which were exaggerated further by tumor necrosis factor α co-treatment, which was accompanied by increased histone acetylation. CONCLUSIONS NCoR1 regulates colonic stem cell proliferation and secretory cell differentiation. When NCoR1 is disrupted, barrier protection is weakened, allowing luminal products such as butyrate to penetrate and synergistically damage the colonic crypt cells. Transcript profiling: RNA sequencing data have been deposited in the GEO database, accession number: GSE136153.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Mennillo
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Miles Paszek
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shujuan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Meijer BJ, Giugliano FP, Baan B, van der Meer JHM, Meisner S, van Roest M, Koelink PJ, de Boer RJ, Jones N, Breitwieser W, van der Wel NN, Wildenberg ME, van den Brink GR, Heijmans J, Muncan V. ATF2 and ATF7 Are Critical Mediators of Intestinal Epithelial Repair. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:23-42. [PMID: 31958521 PMCID: PMC7210476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Activation factor-1 transcription factor family members activating transcription factors 2 and 7 (ATF2 and ATF7) have highly redundant functions owing to highly homologous DNA binding sites. Their role in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and repair is unknown. Here, we assessed the role of these proteins in these conditions in an intestine-specific mouse model. METHODS We performed in vivo and ex vivo experiments using Villin-CreERT2Atf2fl/flAtf7ko/ko mice. We investigated the effects of intestinal epithelium-specific deletion of the Atf2 DNA binding region in Atf7-/- mice on cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and epithelial barrier function under homeostatic conditions. Subsequently, we exposed mice to 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days and 12 Gy whole-body irradiation and assessed the response to epithelial damage. RESULTS Activating phosphorylation of ATF2 and ATF7 was detected mainly in the crypts of the small intestine and the lower crypt region of the colonic epithelium. Under homeostatic conditions, no major phenotypic changes were detectable in the intestine of ATF mutant mice. However, on DSS exposure or whole-body irradiation, the intestinal epithelium showed a clearly impaired regenerative response. Mutant mice developed severe ulceration and inflammation associated with increased epithelial apoptosis on DSS exposure and were less able to regenerate colonic crypts on irradiation. In vitro, organoids derived from double-mutant epithelium had a growth disadvantage compared with wild-type organoids, impaired wound healing capacity in scratch assay, and increased sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-α-induced damage. CONCLUSIONS ATF2 and ATF7 are dispensable for epithelial homeostasis, but are required to maintain epithelial regenerative capacity and protect against cell death during intestinal epithelial damage and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeus J Meijer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Francesca P Giugliano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Baan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan H M van der Meer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Meisner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van Roest
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J Koelink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben J de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nic Jones
- Department of Cell Regulation, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Breitwieser
- Department of Cell Regulation, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon E Wildenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs R van den Brink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Associate Group, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jarom Heijmans
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanesa Muncan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Vázquez-Arreguín K, Bensard C, Schell JC, Swanson E, Chen X, Rutter J, Tantin D. Oct1/Pou2f1 is selectively required for colon regeneration and regulates colon malignancy. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007687. [PMID: 31059499 PMCID: PMC6522070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Oct1/Pou2f1 promotes poised gene expression states, mitotic stability, glycolytic metabolism and other characteristics of stem cell potency. To determine the effect of Oct1 loss on stem cell maintenance and malignancy, we deleted Oct1 in two different mouse gut stem cell compartments. Oct1 deletion preserved homeostasis in vivo and the ability to establish organoids in vitro, but blocked the ability to recover from treatment with dextran sodium sulfate, and the ability to maintain organoids after passage. In a chemical model of colon cancer, loss of Oct1 in the colon severely restricted tumorigenicity. In contrast, loss of one or both Oct1 alleles progressively increased tumor burden in a colon cancer model driven by loss-of-heterozygosity of the tumor suppressor gene Apc. The different outcomes are consistent with prior findings that Oct1 promotes mitotic stability, and consistent with differentially expressed genes between the two models. Oct1 ChIPseq using HCT116 colon carcinoma cells identifies target genes associated with mitotic stability, metabolism, stress response and malignancy. This set of gene targets overlaps significantly with genes differentially expressed in the two tumor models. These results reveal that Oct1 is selectively required for recovery after colon damage, and that Oct1 has potent effects in colon malignancy, with outcome (pro-oncogenic or tumor suppressive) dictated by tumor etiology. Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Approximately 35% of diagnosed patients eventually succumb to disease. The high incidence and mortality due to colon cancer demand a better understanding of factors controlling the physiology and pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Previously, we and others showed that the widely expressed transcription factor Oct1 is expressed at higher protein levels in stem cells, including intestinal stem cells. Here we use deletion of a conditional mouse Oct1 (Pou2f1) allele in two different intestinal stem cell compartments to study gut homeostasis. We then proceed to investigate the effect of Oct1 loss in colon regeneration and malignancy. The results indicate that Oct1 loss is dispensable for maintenance of the mouse gut, but required for recovery after damage to the colon epithelium. We also find that Oct1 loss has opposing effects in two different mouse colon cancer models, and further that the two models are associated with different gene expression signatures. The differentially expressed genes are enriched for Oct1 targets, suggesting that differential gene control by Oct1 is one mechanism underlying the different outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Vázquez-Arreguín
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Claire Bensard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - John C. Schell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Eric Swanson
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Xinjian Chen
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Singh K, Gobert AP, Coburn LA, Barry DP, Allaman M, Asim M, Luis PB, Schneider C, Milne GL, Boone HH, Shilts MH, Washington MK, Das SR, Piazuelo MB, Wilson KT. Dietary Arginine Regulates Severity of Experimental Colitis and Affects the Colonic Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:66. [PMID: 30972302 PMCID: PMC6443829 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in safe and effective alternative therapies that could benefit patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). L-arginine (Arg) is a semi-essential amino acid with a variety of physiological effects. In this context, our aim was to investigate the role of dietary Arg in experimental colitis. We used two models of colitis in C57BL/6 mice, the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of injury and repair, and Citrobacter rodentium infection. Animals were given diets containing (1) no Arg (Arg0), 6.4 g/kg (ArgNL), or 24.6 g/kg Arg (ArgHIGH); or (2) the amino acids downstream of Arg: 28 g/kg L-ornithine (OrnHIGH) or 72 g/kg L-proline (ProHIGH). Mice with DSS colitis receiving the ArgHIGH diet had increased levels of Arg, Orn, and Pro in the colon and improved body weight loss, colon length shortening, and histological injury compared to ArgNL and Arg0 diets. Histology was improved in the ArgNL vs. Arg0 group. OrnHIGH or ProHIGH diets did not provide protection. Reduction in colitis with ArgHIGH diet also occurred in C. rodentium-infected mice. Diversity of the intestinal microbiota was significantly enhanced in mice on the ArgHIGH diet compared to the ArgNL or Arg0 diets, with increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased Verrucomicrobia. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Arg is protective in colitis models. This may occur by restoring overall microbial diversity and Bacteroidetes prevalence. Our data provide a rationale for Arg as an adjunctive therapy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshipra Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Lori A. Coburn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Margaret Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Paula B. Luis
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Claus Schneider
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Helen H. Boone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Meghan H. Shilts
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Suman R. Das
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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22
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Wang Y, Wang W, Yang H, Shao D, Zhao X, Zhang G. Intraperitoneal injection of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a lipid peroxidation product, exacerbates colonic inflammation through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:237-242. [PMID: 30503401 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human and animal studies have shown that the colonic concentrations of lipid peroxidation products, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), are elevated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the actions and mechanisms of these compounds on the development of IBD are unknown. Here, we show that a systemic treatment of low-dose 4-HNE exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting its pro-IBD actions in vivo. Treatment with 4-HNE suppressed colonic expressions of tight-junction protein occludin, impaired intestinal barrier function, enhanced translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial products from the gut into systemic circulation, leading to increased activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in vivo. Furthermore, 4-HNE failed to promote DSS-induced IBD in Tlr4-/- mice, supporting that TLR4 signaling contributes to the pro-IBD effects of 4-HNE. Together, these results suggest that 4-HNE exacerbates the progression of IBD through activation of TLR4 signaling, and therefore could contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Weicang Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Haixia Yang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Derek Shao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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23
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Verstockt B, Perrier C, De Hertogh G, Cremer J, Creyns B, Van Assche G, Ferrante M, Ceuppens JL, Vermeire S, Breynaert C. Effects of Epithelial IL-13Rα2 Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2983. [PMID: 30619339 PMCID: PMC6305625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mucosal IL-13 Receptor alpha 2 (IL13RA2) mRNA expression is one of the best predictive markers for primary non-responsiveness to infliximab therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objective of this study was to understand how IL-13Rα2, a negative regulator of IL-13 signaling, can contribute to IBD pathology. Methods:IL13RA2 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water to induce colitis. Furthermore, mucosal biopsies and resection specimen of healthy individuals and IBD patients before the start of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy were obtained for immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis. Results: After induction of DSS colitis, IL13RA2 KO mice had similar disease severity, but recovered more rapidly than WT animals. Goblet cell numbers and mucosal architecture were also more rapidly restored in IL13RA2 KO mice. In mucosal biopsies of active IBD patients, immunohistochemistry revealed that IL-13Rα2 protein was highly expressed in epithelial cells, while expression was restricted to goblet cells in healthy controls. Mucosal IL13RA2 mRNA negatively correlated with mRNA of several goblet cell-specific and barrier genes, and with goblet cell numbers. Conclusions: The data suggest that IL-13Rα2 on epithelial cells contributes to IBD pathology by negatively influencing goblet cell recovery, goblet cell function and epithelial restoration after injury. Therefore, blocking IL-13Rα2 could be a promising target for restoration of the epithelial barrier in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Verstockt
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clémentine Perrier
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brecht Creyns
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Assche
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan L. Ceuppens
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Breynaert
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
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He Z, Song J, Hua J, Yang M, Ma Y, Yu T, Feng J, Liu B, Wang X, Li Y, Li J. Mast cells are essential intermediaries in regulating IL-33/ST2 signaling for an immune network favorable to mucosal healing in experimentally inflamed colons. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1173. [PMID: 30518915 PMCID: PMC6281667 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are potent tissue-resident immune cells that are distributed in the intraepithelial space of the intestine and have been implicated in regulating immune homeostasis and coordinating epithelial responses in inflamed mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IL-33 functions as an endogenous danger signal or alarmin in inflamed intestine segments. MCs highly express the IL-33 receptor ST2. However, the mechanisms underlying the immune regulation of MC-dependent IL-33/ST2 signaling at the barrier surface of the intestine remain largely unknown. We confirmed that MCs are required for the effective resolution of tissue damage using an experimental colitis model that allows for conditional ablation of MCs. After elucidating the IL-33 signaling involved in MC activity in the context of intestinal inflammation, we found that the function of restricted IL-33/ST2 signaling by MCs was consistent with an MC deficiency in response to the breakdown of the epithelial barrier. We observed that a tissue environment with a spectrum of protective cytokines was orchestrated by MC-dependent IL-33/ST2 signaling. Given the significant downregulation of IL-22 and IL-13 due to the loss of MC-dependent IL-33/ST2 signaling and their protective functions in inflammation settings, induction of IL-22 and IL-13 may be responsible for an immune network favorable to mucosal repair. Collectively, our data showed an important feedback loop in which cytokine cues from damaged epithelia activate MCs to regulate tissue environments essential for MC-dependent restoration of epithelial barrier function and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yan' Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yan' Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong' An Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Muqing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yan' Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yan' Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yan' Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junlan Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yan' Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yan' Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yan' Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, 200 072, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yan' Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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Hwang YH, Ma JY. Preventive Effects of an UPLC-DAD-MS/MS Fingerprinted Hydroalcoholic Extract of Citrus aurantium in a Mouse Model of Ulcerative Colitis. Planta Med 2018; 84:1101-1109. [PMID: 29727864 DOI: 10.1055/a-0604-2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although traditionally used to improve indigestion, diarrhea, dysentery, and constipation, the therapeutic effects of Citrus aurantium on intestinal inflammation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects and to identify the active components of a hydroalcoholic extract of C. aurantium (HECA) on ulcerative colitis. HECA was prepared with 70% ethanol solution in water and extracted at 37 °C for 12 h in triplicate, filtered through a sieve, and lyophilized. Phytochemical identification of HECA was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-MS/MS). Animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups based on the treatment conditions. Ulcerative colitis was induced by administration of 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 5 d. Body weight, clinical signs, colon length, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels, and histopathological findings were evaluated. In UPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis, the identified phytochemical components of HECA included four alkaloids, seven coumarins, 18 flavonoids, two lignans, two phenolics, and 10 terpenoids. HECA markedly protected against body weight loss and colon shortening. In pathological examination, HECA alleviated DSS-related mucosal inflammatory lesions in the colon. Moreover, HECA markedly reduced the expression levels of interleukin-6, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in colonic inflammation. Taken together, HECA has potential to relieve mucosal inflammation in the colon, suggesting that the putative active ingredients are responsible for the anti-ulcerative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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Dunkin D, Berin MC, Mondoulet L, Tobar S, Yeretssian G, Tordesillas L, Iuga A, Larcher T, Gillespie V, Benhamou PH, Colombel JF, Sampson HA. Epicutaneous Tolerance Induction to a Bystander Antigen Abrogates Colitis and Ileitis in Mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:1972-1982. [PMID: 29019858 PMCID: PMC5659741 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a failure in maintaining tolerance to the intestinal microbiota, few studies have investigated the use of immunologic tolerance as a treatment approach for IBD. We hypothesized that induction of immune tolerance at a distal site could suppress intestinal inflammation through a process of bystander regulation. METHODS Epicutaneous tolerance was induced by topical application of ovalbumin (OVA) using a Viaskin patch for 48 hours. In some experiments, a single feed of ovalbumin was used to drive epicutaneous tolerance-induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) to the intestine. The mechanism of tolerance induction was tested using neutralizing antibodies against TGF-β, IL-10, and Treg depletion using Foxp3-DTR mice. The capacity of skin-draining Tregs, or epicutaneous tolerance, to prevent or treat experimental IBD was tested using T-cell transfer colitis, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis, and ileitis in SAMP-YITFc mice. Weight loss, colonic inflammatory cytokines and histology were assessed. RESULTS Epicutaneous exposure to ovalbumin induced systemic immune tolerance by a TGF-β-dependent, but IL-10 and iFoxp3 Treg-independent mechanism. Skin draining Tregs suppressed the development of colitis. Epicutaneous tolerance to a model antigen prevented intestinal inflammation in the dextran sodium sulfate and SAMP-YITFc models and importantly could halt disease in mice already experiencing weight loss in the T-cell transfer model of colitis. This was accompanied by a significant accumulation of LAP and Foxp3 Tregs in the colon. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration that epicutaneous tolerance to a model antigen can lead to bystander suppression of inflammation and prevention of disease progression in preclinical models of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dunkin
- *Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; †Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; ‡DBV Technologies, Bagneux, France; §Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; ‖Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical School, New York, New York; ¶National Veterinary School, Nantes, France; **Department of Comparative Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and ††Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Bendtsen KM, Hansen CH, Krych L, Buschard K, Farlov H, Hansen AK. Effect of Early-life Gut Mucosal Compromise on Disease Progression in NOD Mice. Comp Med 2017; 67:388-399. [PMID: 28935000 PMCID: PMC5621566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Disease expression in spontaneous nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice depends on environmental stimuli such as stress, diet, and gut microbiota composition. We evaluated a brief, early-life gut intervention in which pups were weaned to low-dose dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We hypothesized that the mucus-reducing effect of this compound and subsequent increased host-bacterial contact would delay disease onset and decrease insulitis due to enhanced oral tolerance. However, disease incidence did not differ between groups, although median survival (time point when 50% of the mice are still alive) of the control group was 184 d compared with 205 d for DSS-treated mice. Mean age at disease onset (that is, blood glucose of at least 12 mmol/L) was 164 d for control mice and 159 d for DSS-treated mice. In addition, 62.5% of control mice reached a blood glucose of 12 mmol/L before 30 wk of age compared with 59% in DSS-treated mice, which had a significant transient increase in serum insulin in week 4. No changes were found in immune cells collected from spleen, pancreatic lymph nodes, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Although mice received a low dose of DSS, the subsequent reduction in the diversity of the microbiota during weeks 4 through 6 led to increased cecal length and weight and, in week 13, a tendency toward decreased colon length, with increased leakage of LPS to the blood. We conclude that mucus reduction and subsequent increased host-bacterial contact did not affect overall disease progression in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Bendtsen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark;,
| | - Camilla Hf Hansen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Helene Farlov
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Axel K Hansen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Chebli K, Papon L, Paul C, Garcel A, Campos N, Scherrer D, J Ehrlich H, Hahne M, Tazi J. The Anti-Hiv Candidate Abx464 Dampens Intestinal Inflammation by Triggering Il-22 Production in Activated Macrophages. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4860. [PMID: 28687795 PMCID: PMC5501810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with mucosal damage in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This damage enables bacterial translocation from the gut and leads to subsequent inflammation. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS-exposure) is an established animal model for experimental colitis that was recently shown to recapitulate the link between GI-tract damage and pathogenic features of SIV infection. The current study tested the protective properties of ABX464, a first-in-class anti-HIV drug candidate currently in phase II clinical trials. ABX464 treatment strongly attenuated DSS-induced colitis in mice and produced a long-term protection against prolonged DSS-exposure after drug cessation. Consistently, ABX464 reduced the colonic production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα as well as that of the chemoattractant MCP-1. However, RNA profiling analysis revealed the capacity of ABX464 to induce the expression of IL-22, a cytokine involved in colitis tissue repair, both in DSS-treated mice and in LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages. Importantly, anti-IL-22 antibodies significantly reduced the protective effect of ABX464 on colitis in DSS-treated mice. Because reduced IL-22 production in the gut mucosa is an established factor of HIV and DSS-induced immunopathogenesis, our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of ABX464 warrant exploration in both HIV and inflammatory ulcerative colitis (UC) disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Chebli
- IGMM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Papon
- IGMM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Conception Paul
- IGMM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Aude Garcel
- ABIVAX, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Noëlie Campos
- ABIVAX, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Scherrer
- ABIVAX, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Hartmut J Ehrlich
- ABIVAX, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Hahne
- IGMM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jamal Tazi
- IGMM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, Montpellier, France.
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Yang M, Ding J, Feng X, Chang F, Wang Y, Gao Z, Zhuang X, Chen X. Scavenger Receptor-Mediated Targeted Treatment of Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Dextran Sulfate-Methotrexate Prodrug. Theranostics 2017; 7:97-105. [PMID: 28042319 PMCID: PMC5196888 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder implicated in multiple joint affection and even disability. The activated macrophages perform a predominant role in onset and persistence of RA. Scavenger receptor (SR), one of several receptors overexpressed on the activated macrophages, is a specific biomarker for targeted therapy of numerous chronic inflammation diseases like RA. In this work, dextran sulfate-graft-methotrexate conjugate (DS-g-MTX) is synthesized and characterized, which exhibits excellent targetability to SR on the activated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, the enhanced accumulation and potent inflammatory inhibition are observed in the affected joint after intravenous injection of DS-g-MTX, compared to the treatment with dextran-graft-methotrexate (Dex-g-MTX), as is confirmed by the detection of histopathology and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our work highlights DS-g-MTX as a potential therapeutic option for RA aiming the SR-expressed activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiangru Feng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently described the potential of the alternatively spliced extradomain A of fibronectin as a target for antibody-based pharmacodelivery applications in ulcerative colitis. Here, we report on the cloning and therapeutic properties of novel antibody-based fusion proteins, comprising the F8 antibody specific to extradomain A and murine interleukin (IL)-22, a globular cytokine belonging to the IL10 family. A protective function for IL22 in colitis has previously been described, as this cytokine induces antimicrobial, proliferative, and antiapoptotic pathways, preventing tissue damage and promoting epithelial repair. METHODS Two fusion proteins comprising IL22, fused at the N- or at the C-terminus of the F8 antibody in diabody format, were expressed in mammalian cells. The ability of radiolabeled preparations of the 2 fusion proteins to localize at sites of disease was assessed by autoradiography in a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and by quantitative biodistribution analysis in a syngeneic mouse teratocarcinoma model. Therapeutic activity was assessed in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, which received intravenous injections of antibody-cytokine fusion proteins. RESULTS Both fusion proteins were able to selectively accumulate at the site of disease. The fusion protein with the cytokine moiety at the N-terminal extremity (IL22-F8) exhibited better results than the C-terminal fusion, both in terms of targeting selectivity and therapeutic efficacy. Mice treated with IL22-F8 showed a more rapid recovery from clinical symptoms compared with controls and improved macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the colon. CONCLUSIONS IL22-F8 is a promising biopharmaceutical drug candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Bootz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Marx JO, Jensen JA, Seelye S, Walton RM, Hankenson FC. The Effects of Acute Blood Loss for Diagnostic Bloodwork and Fluid Replacement in Clinically Ill Mice. Comp Med 2015; 65:202-216. [PMID: 26141445 PMCID: PMC4485629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great value of diagnostic bloodwork for identifying disease in animals, the volume of blood required for these analyses limits its use in laboratory mice, particularly when they are clinically ill. We sought to determine the effects of acute blood loss (ABL) following blood collection for diagnostic bloodwork in healthy mice compared with streptozotocin-induced diabetic and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated dehydrated mice. ABL caused several mild changes in the control mice, with significant decreases in body weight, temperature, and activity in both experimental groups; increased dehydration and azotemia in the DSS-treated mice; and a significant drop in the blood pressure of the diabetic mice. To determine whether these negative outcomes could be ameliorated, we treated mice with intraperitoneal lactated Ringers solution either immediately after or 30 min before ABL. Notably, preABL administration of fluids helped prevent the worsening of the dehydration and azotemia in the DSS-treated mice and the changes in blood pressure in the diabetic mice. However, fluid administration provided no benefit in control of blood pressure when administered after ABL in the diabetic mice. Furthermore, fluid therapy did not prevent ABL-induced drops in body weight and activity. Although one mouse not receiving fluid therapy became moribund at the 24-h time point, no animals died during the 24-h study. This investigation demonstrates that blood for diagnostic bloodwork can be collected safely from clinically ill mice and that preemptive fluid therapy mitigates some of the negative changes associated with this blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Marx
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - JanLee A Jensen
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stacie Seelye
- Comparative Medicine Program, Texas A&M, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Raquel M Walton
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - F Claire Hankenson
- Campus Animal Resources and College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Hiller F, Oldorff L, Besselt K, Kipp AP. Differential acute effects of selenomethionine and sodium selenite on the severity of colitis. Nutrients 2015; 7:2687-706. [PMID: 25867950 PMCID: PMC4425167 DOI: 10.3390/nu7042687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The European population is only suboptimally supplied with the essential trace element selenium. Such a selenium status is supposed to worsen colitis while colitis-suppressive effects were observed with adequate or supplemented amounts of both organic selenomethionine (SeMet) and inorganic sodium selenite. In order to better understand the effect of these selenocompounds on colitis development we examined colonic phenotypes of mice fed supplemented diets before the onset of colitis or during the acute phase. Colitis was induced by treating mice with 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for seven days. The selenium-enriched diets were either provided directly after weaning (long-term) or were given to mice with a suboptimal selenium status after DSS withdrawal (short-term). While long-term selenium supplementation had no effect on colitis development, short-term selenite supplementation, however, resulted in a more severe colitis. Colonic selenoprotein expression was maximized in all selenium-supplemented groups independent of the selenocompound or intervention time. This indicates that the short-term selenite effect appears to be independent from colonic selenoprotein expression. In conclusion, a selenite supplementation during acute colitis has no health benefits but may even aggravate the course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hiller
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Lisa Oldorff
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Karolin Besselt
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Anna Patricia Kipp
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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Tun X, Yasukawa K, Yamada KI. Involvement of nitric oxide with activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:108-17. [PMID: 24992835 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by acute inflammation, ulceration, and bleeding of the colonic mucosa. Its cause remains unknown. Increases in adhesion molecules in vascular endothelium, and activated neutrophils releasing injurious molecules such as reactive oxygen species, are reportedly associated with the pathogenesis of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Nitric oxide (NO) production derived from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) via activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) has been reported. It is also reported that stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide can activate NF-κB. In this study, we investigated the involvement of NO production in activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with DSS-induced colitis. The addition of 5% DSS to the drinking water of male ICR mice resulted in increases in TLR4 protein in colon tissue and NF-κB p65 subunit in the nuclear fraction on day 3, increases in colonic tumor necrosis factor-α on day 4, and increases in P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, NO2(-)/NO3(-), and nitrotyrosine in colonic mucosa on day 5. These activated inflammatory mediators and pathology of colitis were completely suppressed by treatment with a NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, as well as an iNOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine. Conversely, a NO-releasing compound, NOC-18, increased TLR4 levels and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and exacerbated mucosal damage induced by DSS challenge. These data suggest that increases in TLR4 expression induced by drinking DSS-treated water might be directly or indirectly associated with NO overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tun
- Department of Biofunctional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiji Yasukawa
- Department of Biofunctional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Department of Biofunctional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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Abstract
Colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon that is characterized by recurring, acute episodes. Mouse models of colitis allow for the study of multiple aspects of this disease, including the innate immune response, epithelial and intestinal cell response, and wound healing. The following protocols cover acute, chronic, and cancer-associated colitis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schneider
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Håkansson A, Bränning C, Molin G, Adawi D, Hagslätt ML, Jeppsson B, Nyman M, Ahrné S. Blueberry husks and probiotics attenuate colorectal inflammation and oncogenesis, and liver injuries in rats exposed to cycling DSS-treatment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33510. [PMID: 22457771 PMCID: PMC3311639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term colonic inflammation promotes carcinogenesis and histological abnormalities of the liver, and colorectal tumours frequently arise in a background of dysplasia, a precursor of adenomas. Altered colonic microbiota with an increased proportion of bacteria with pro-inflammatory characteristics, have been implicated in neoplastic progression. The composition of the microbiota can be modified by dietary components such as probiotics, polyphenols and dietary fibres. In the present study, the influence of probiotics in combination with blueberry husks on colorectal carcinogenesis and subsequent liver damage was evaluated. Colorectal tumours were induced in rats by cyclic treatment with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Blueberry husks and a mixture of three probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 15159, Lactobacillus gasseri, DSM 16737 and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313) supplemented a basic diet fortified with oats. The condition of the rats was monitored using a disease activity index (DAI). A qualitative and quantitative histological judgement was performed on segments of distal colon and rectum and the caudate lobe of the liver. The formation of short-chain fatty acids, bacterial translocation, the inflammatory reaction and viable count of lactobacilli and Enterobaceriaceae were addressed. Blueberry husks with or without probiotics significantly decreased DAI, and significantly reduced the number of colonic ulcers and dysplastic lesions. With a decreased proportion of blueberry husk in the diet, the probiotic supplement was needed to achieve a significant decrease in numbers of dysplastic lesions. Probiotics decreased faecal viable count of Enterobacteriaceae and increased that of lactobacilli. Blueberry husks with or without probiotics lowered the proportion of butyric acid in distal colon, and decreased the haptoglobin levels. Probiotics mitigated hepatic injuries by decreasing parenchymal infiltration and the incidence of stasis and translocation. The results demonstrate a dietary option for use of blueberry husks and probiotics to delay colonic carcinogenesis and hepatic injuries in the rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Håkansson
- Food Hygiene, Division of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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36
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Kerr TA, Ciorba MA, Matsumoto H, Davis VRT, Luo J, Kennedy S, Xie Y, Shaker A, Dieckgraefe BK, Davidson NO. Dextran sodium sulfate inhibition of real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification: a poly-A purification solution. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:344-8. [PMID: 21618356 PMCID: PMC3600644 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induces experimental colitis and promotes colitis-associated cancer in rodents. Here we document potent inhibition of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using cDNA from DSS-exposed mouse tissues, which complicates gene expression analysis. METHODS We characterize DSS inhibition of qPCR in-vitro and in a wide array of murine tissues following ingestion of DSS. We examine different approaches to RNA purification prior to cDNA synthesis in order to optimize real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification and gene expression analysis. RESULTS DSS inhibits qPCR amplification of cDNA between 1 and 10 nM. Orally administered DSS interferes with qPCR amplification of cDNA derived from multiple tissues. Poly-A purification of DSS-exposed RNA allows reliable and cost-effective gene expression analysis in DSS-exposed tissue. CONCLUSIONS DSS is a potent inhibitor of real-time qPCR amplification and interferes with tissue-specific gene expression analysis in DSS-exposed mice. Poly-A purification of tissue-derived RNA results in reliable and cost-effective gene expression analysis in DSS-exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - NO Davidson
- Address for correspondence: , P 314-362-2027, F 314-362-2505
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Szigeti R, Pangas SA, Nagy-Szakal D, Dowd SE, Shulman RJ, Olive AP, Popek EJ, Finegold MJ, Kellermayer R. SMAD4 haploinsufficiency associates with augmented colonic inflammation in select humans and mice. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2012; 42:401-408. [PMID: 23090737 PMCID: PMC3875295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
SMAD4 is a common mediator of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. One of the members of this pathway, TGF-beta 1, has an important role in controlling gut inflammation in relation to the continuous stimulation of the intestinal microbiota. SMAD4 haploinsufficiency in humans has been linked to juvenile polyposis hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome (JP/HHT; OMIM#17505). Hematochezia and colonic mucosal inflammation suggestive of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been reported in JP/HHT. Stimulated by recent experience with two affected pediatric patients presented here, we explored the potential role of Smad4 haploinsufficiency in a murine model of colonic inflammation. Smad4(+/-) mice were maintained on a mixed C57/129SvEv background. Chronic colitis was induced with repeated administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. The colonic mucosal microbiota was interrogated by massively parallel pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. 66.7% of Smad4(+/-) mice were sensitive to DSS colitis compared to 14.3% of wild type (Chi-Square p=0.036). The augmented colitis was associated with microbiota separation in the Smad4(+/-) mice. Enterococcus and Enterococcus faecalis specifically was increased in abundance in the colitis-prone animals. Smad4 haploinsufficiency can associate with increased susceptibility to large bowel inflammation in mammals with variable penetrance in association with the colonic mucosal microbiota. These findings may reveal implications not only towards colonic inflammation in the setting of SMAD4 haploinsufficiency, but for colorectal cancer as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Szigeti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Stephanie A. Pangas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Dorottya Nagy-Szakal
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Scot E. Dowd
- MR DNA Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, TX, USA
| | - Robert J. Shulman
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Anthony P. Olive
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Edwina J. Popek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Milton J. Finegold
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Richard Kellermayer
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
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Cox JH, Kljavin NM, Ota N, Leonard J, Roose-Girma M, Diehl L, Ouyang W, Ghilardi N. Opposing consequences of IL-23 signaling mediated by innate and adaptive cells in chemically induced colitis in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2012; 5:99-109. [PMID: 22089030 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2011.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-23 (IL-23) pathway has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease. Although the pathogenic role of IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) on T lymphocytes is well established, its function on innate immune cells has not been thoroughly examined. Here we investigate the consequence of IL-23R deletion in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In IL23R(-/-) and IL23p19(-/-) mice, we observed decreased weight loss and reduced leukocyte infiltrate following DSS exposure. Surprisingly, when the IL-23R(-/-) allele was crossed into Rag2(-/-) mice, we observed exacerbated disease, increased epithelial damage, reduced pSTAT3 in the epithelium, and delayed recovery of IL23R(-/-)Rag2(-/-) mice. This phenotype was rescued with exogenous IL22-Fc, and epithelial pSTAT3 was restored. Depletion of Thy1(+) innate lymphoid cells eliminated the majority of IL-22 production in the colon lamina propria of DSS-treated Rag2(-/-) mice, suggesting that these are the major IL-23 responsive innate cells in this context. In summary, we provide evidence for opposing consequences of IL-23R on innate and adaptive lymphoid cells in murine colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Cox
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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39
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Chen Y, Si JM, Liu WL, Cai JT, Du Q, Wang LJ, Gao M. Induction of experimental acute ulcerative colitis in rats by administration of dextran sulfate sodium at low concentration followed by intracolonic administration of 30% ethanol. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2007; 8:632-7. [PMID: 17726744 PMCID: PMC1963429 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2007.b0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several models of experimental ulcerative colitis have been reported previously. However, none of these models showed the optimum characteristics. Although dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis results in inflammation resembling ulcerative colitis, an obvious obstacle is that dextran sulfate sodium is very expensive. The aim of this study was to develop an inexpensive model of colitis in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 2% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water for 3 d followed by an intracolonic administration of 30% ethanol. The administration of 2% dextran sulfate sodium followed by 30% ethanol induced significant weight loss, diarrhea and hematochezia in rats. Severe ulceration and inflammation of the distal part of rat colon were developed rapidly. Histological examination showed increased infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes and existence of cryptic abscesses and dysplasia. The model induced by dextran sulfate sodium at lower concentration followed by 30% ethanol is characterized by a clinical course, localization of the lesions and histopathological features similar to human ulcerative colitis and fulfills the criteria set out at the beginning of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jian-min Si
- Lab of Digestive Disease Clinical Institute, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
- †E-mail:
| | - Wei-li Liu
- Lab of Digestive Disease Clinical Institute, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jian-ting Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Liang-jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Min Gao
- Lab of Digestive Disease Clinical Institute, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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40
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Seril DN, Liao J, Yang GY. Colorectal carcinoma development in inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis. Mol Carcinog 2007; 46:341-53. [PMID: 17219424 PMCID: PMC2752944 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) may play an important role in ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated carcinogenesis. In order to study the role of nitric oxide (NO) in UC-associated colorectal carcinogenesis, the development of colorectal carcinoma was studied using the DSS-induced and iron-enhanced model of chronic UC in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-deficient mice. Female wild-type C57BL/6 (iNOS+/+) and iNOS-/- mice were administered 1% DSS (w/v) through the drinking fluid for 15 DSS cycles and fed twofold iron-enriched diet. Colorectal inflammation and mucosal ulceration of moderate severity were observed in both iNOS+/+ and iNOS-/- mice. Similar tumor incidence and multiplicity in the colon were observed that 15 out of 23 (65.2%) iNOS+/+ mice developed colorectal tumors with a tumor multiplicity of 1.47+/-0.17 (mean+/-SE) after 15 DSS cycles, and 13 out of 19 (68.4%) iNOS-/- mice developed colorectal tumors with a tumor multiplicity of 2.08+/-0.21. Histopathologically, the tumors were confirmed to be well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. Nitrotyrosine, an indicator of peroxynitrite-caused protein modification, was detectable by immunohistochemistry in inflammatory cells and epithelial cells of the colon in iNOS+/+ and iNOS-/- mice, and no difference in staining intensity was observed between the two groups. Immunostaining for endothelial NOS (eNOS) was observed in lamina propria macrophages and colonic blood vessels, and eNOS protein levels were increased in the inflamed colon. These results show that there is no difference in UC-associated cancer development in iNOS+/+ and iNOS-/- mice, and suggest that in the absence of iNOS, other factors, such as eNOS, may play a role in nitrosative stress and UC-associated carcinogenesis in this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren N Seril
- Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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41
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Holma R, Salmenperä P, Virtanen I, Vapaatalo H, Korpela R. Prophylactic potential of montelukast against mild colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium in rats. J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 58:455-467. [PMID: 17928642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes play a part in inflammatory processes such as inflammatory bowel diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the cys-LT-1 receptor antagonist montelukast on a mild colitis model in rats. Colitis was induced by administrating 4% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS, MW 45,000) in drinking water for 9 days. Montelukast (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was given by gastric gavage once daily simultaneously with DSS administration. A healthy control group receiving water as drinking fluid and vehicle by gastric gavage was included. Body weight loss, consistency of faeces (loose/diarrhoea) and occult blood in the faeces/ gross bleeding were assessed on days 6 - 9. After sacrifice, the following were assessed: colonic histology, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, macrophage/monocyte marker ED1, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as the production of leukotriene B(4) and E(4), prostaglandin E(2), its metabolite bicyclic-prostaglandin E(2) and thromboxane B(2) in the colonic tissue incubation in vitro. Rats receiving DSS exhibited bloody diarrhoea from day 6 onwards. Montelukast significantly reduced the occult blood in the faeces/ gross bleeding, maintained normal body weight gain and tended to decrease the ratio of leukotriene B(4)/ prostaglandin E(2) production in the colon in vitro. The results indicate that montelukast has some potential to ameliorate mild experimental colitis induced by DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Holma
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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42
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Tran CD, Ball JM, Sundar S, Coyle P, Howarth GS. The role of zinc and metallothionein in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:2113-21. [PMID: 17410436 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-9765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) and its binding protein metallothionein (MT) have been proposed to suppress the disease activity in ulcerative colitis. To determine the role of Zn and MT in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced model of colitis in mice, a DSS dose-response study was conducted in male C57BL/6 wild-type (MT+/+) and MT-null (MT-/-) mice by supplementing 2%, 3%, and 4% DSS in the drinking water for 6 days. In the intervention study, colitis was induced with 2% DSS, Zn (24 mg/ml as ZnO) was gavaged (0.1 ml) daily, concurrent with DSS administration, and the disease activity index (DAI) was scored daily. Histology, MT levels, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were determined. DAI was increased (P<0.05) by 16% and 21% with 3% and 4% concentrations of DSS, respectively, compared to 2%, evident after 5 days of DSS administration. MPO activity was increased in MT+/+ compared to MT-/- mice and those receiving DSS. Zn administration had a 50% (P<0.05) lower DAI compared to DSS alone. Zn partially prevented the distal colon of MT+/+ by 47% from DSS-induced damage compared to MT-/- mice. MT did not prevent DSS-induced colitis and Zn was partially effective in amelioration of DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Tran
- Gastroenterology Unit, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.
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43
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Santos AMR, Pomin VH, Stelling MP, Guimarães MAM, Cardoso LR, Mourão PAS. The renal clearance of dextran sulfate decreases in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced glomerulosclerosis: A puzzle observation. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 383:116-25. [PMID: 17599817 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis is characterized by increased renal excretion of plasma proteins. We employed this experimental model to study the urinary clearance of dextran sulfate. METHODS The dextran sulfate eliminated by the urine was determined using a metachromatic assay. Polysaccharide fragments were analyzed by chromatographic and electrophoretic procedures. Disaccharide composition of the glomerular heparan sulfate was assessed using digestion with specific lyases. RESULTS In normal rats dextran sulfate is partially degraded to lower molecular weight fragments and only then eliminated by the urine. Surprisingly, in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced glomerulosclerosis the molecular size of the fragments of dextran sulfate found in the urine is the same or even lower than in control animals in spite of the marked proteinuria. Furthermore, urinary excretion of dextran sulfate decreases in the experimentally induced nephrosis. This observation cannot be totally attributed to a reduced number of physiologically active nephrons since the glomerular filtration rate decreases approximately 32% after puromycin aminonucleoside administration while the urinary excretion of 8 kDa-dextran sulfate decreases 3-fold. The glomerular heparan sulfate shows reduced sulfation when compared with normal animals. Possibly puromycin aminonucleoside decreases the activity of kidney endoglycosidases, which reduce the molecular size of the sulfated polysaccharide, leading to a decrease in its renal clearance. Reduced sulfation of the glomerular heparan sulfate in the puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis does not alter the size of the dextran sulfate eliminated by the kidney, as suggested for protein. CONCLUSIONS Each pathological process induces a particular modification in the kidney, which in turn can affect the renal selectivity to specific macromolecules in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M R Santos
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68041, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
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44
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Nakanishi M, Tazawa H, Tsuchiya N, Sugimura T, Tanaka T, Nakagama H. Mouse strain differences in inflammatory responses of colonic mucosa induced by dextran sulfate sodium cause differential susceptibility to PhIP-induced large bowel carcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:1157-63. [PMID: 17573895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) induces a high incidence of malignant lymphoma and leukemia, but exhibits little, if any, carcinogenic activity in the large intestine after long-term exposure. However, recent studies have revealed that colonic adenocarcinomas can be efficiently and rapidly induced by combined treatment with PhIP and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), a potent inducer of colitis. In the present study, the authors investigated the effects of inflammation on PhIP-induced carcinogenesis using two mouse strains, C57BL/6J and MSM/Ms, showing distinct temporal profiles of inflammatory responses to DSS. A long-term carcinogenesis experiment conducted with a single i.g. administration of PhIP (200 mg/kg body weight), followed by DSS treatment in drinking water for 4-6 days, revealed an increase in tumor incidence in C57BL/6J mice in accordance with the DSS intake. In contrast, neoplastic lesions were rarely observed in the MSM/Ms strain. From the short-term exposure to DSS for 4 days, C57BL/6J mice demonstrated severe chronic colitis, accompanied by hyperplastic cryptal epithelium and extensive cellular infiltration. Splenomegaly and swelling of mesenteric lymph nodes were also evident for over 1 month as chronic symptoms of systemic immunological disturbance. However, no inflammatory lesions were detected in MSM/Ms mice. The present results provide strong evidence that prolonged chronic inflammatory responses induced by DSS are directly responsible for the observed enhancement of PhIP-induced large bowel carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nakanishi
- Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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45
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Fritsch Fredin M, Elgbratt K, Svensson D, Jansson L, Melgar S, Hultgren Hörnquist E. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis generates a transient thymic involution--impact on thymocyte subsets. Scand J Immunol 2007; 65:421-9. [PMID: 17444952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the most widely used animal models for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. We have previously reported that 5 days administration of DSS in C57Bl/6J mice induces a colonic inflammation that progresses into chronicity after DSS removal, whereas in BALB/cJ mice the inflammation resolves within 4 weeks post-DSS. Here we show that both thymic size and thymocyte numbers dramatically decreased in the acute phase of inflammation in C57Bl/6 mice, 7 days after DSS withdrawal. Mature, CD4(+) and CD8(+) single positive (SP) CD69(lo) CD62L(hi) thymocytes were enriched in these mice, accompanied by a major decrease in the number of immature double positive (DP) thymocytes. However, the different maturation stages within the DP thymocyte subset were unchanged between healthy and inflamed C57Bl/6J mice. Interestingly, as the inflammation progressed into the chronic phase, the thymus recovered and 2 weeks after the acute inflammatory phase all the thymic parameters investigated in this study were restored to normal. In contrast, BALB/cJ mice only develop mild thymic alterations. Nevertheless, we found that within the double negative (DN) thymocytes an increased frequency and also total numbers of CD44(+) CD25(-) (DN1) cells correlated with the severity of colitis, and that the frequency of CD44(-) CD25(-) (DN4) thymocytes decreased proportionally in the acute phase in BALB/cJ mice. Our observations suggest that the thymic effects are intimately connected to the intestinal inflammatory response in colitis regardless of the inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fritsch Fredin
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
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46
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Kolachala V, Asamoah V, Wang L, Obertone TS, Ziegler TR, Merlin D, Sitaraman SV. TNF-alpha upregulates adenosine 2b (A2b) receptor expression and signaling in intestinal epithelial cells: a basis for A2bR overexpression in colitis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006; 62:2647-57. [PMID: 16322943 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-005-5328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous signaling molecule upregulated during inflammatory conditions. Acting through the A2b receptor (A2bR), the predominant adenosine receptor in human colonic epithelia, adenosine has been directly implicated in immune and inflammatory responses in the intestine. Little is known about expression and regulation of A2bR during inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is highly upregulated during chronic and acute inflammatory diseases. This study examined the expression of A2bR during colitis and studied effects of TNF-alpha on A2bR expression, signaling and function. Results demonstrated that A2bR expression increases during active colitis. TNF-alpha pretreatment of intestinal epithelial cells increased A2bR messenger RNA and protein expression. TNF-alpha significantly increased adenosine-induced membrane recruitment of A2bR and cyclic adenosine monophosphate downstream signaling. Further, TNF-alpha potentiated adenosine-induced shortcircuit current and fibronectin secretion. In conclusion, we demonstrated that TNF-alpha is an important regulator of A2bR, and during inflammation, upregulation of TNF-alpha may potentiate adenosine-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kolachala
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University, Room 201-F, Whitehead Research Building, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
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47
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Abstract
The contribution of innate immunity to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains an area of intense interest. Macrophages (MØ) and dendritic cells (DC) are considered important factors in regulating the onset of IBD. The goal of this study was to determine if intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (iMNP) serve a pathological or protective role in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Using a conditional MØ/DC depletion transgenic mouse line--MØ Fas-induced apoptosis--to systemically deplete iMNP, DSS colitis histopathology was shown to be more severe in MØ/DC-depleted compared with MØ/DC-intact mice. Similarly, localized iMNP depletion by clodronate-encapsulated liposomes into C57BL/6, BALB/c, and CB.17/SCID mice also increased DSS colitis severity, as indicated by increased histopathology, weight loss, rectal bleeding, decreased stool consistency, and colon length compared with MØ/DC-intact, DSS-treated mice. Histology revealed that iMNP depletion during DSS treatment led to increased neutrophilic inflammation, increased epithelial injury, and enhanced mucin depletion from Goblet cells. iMNP depletion did not further elevate DSS-induced expression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA but significantly increased expression of CXCL1 chemokine mRNA. Myeloperoxidase activity was increased in colons of MØ/DC-depleted, DSS-treated mice, compared with DSS alone, coincident with increased neutrophil infiltration in diseased colons. Neutrophil depletion combined with MØ/DC depletion prevented the increase in DSS colitis severity compared with MØ/DC depletion alone. This study demonstrates that iMNP can serve a protective role during development of acute colitis and that protection is associated with MØ/DC-mediated down-regulation of neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Qualls
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0084, USA
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48
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Logsdon LK, Mecsas J. A non-invasive quantitative assay to measure murine intestinal inflammation using the neutrophil marker lactoferrin. J Immunol Methods 2006; 313:183-90. [PMID: 16806255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Revised: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation in mice is most frequently assessed by histology or FACS, processes that necessitate sacrificing mice. We developed a lactoferrin ELISA for murine feces to quantify intestinal inflammation in mice with enteric infections or colitis. Levels of fecal lactoferrin, a protein secreted by activated neutrophils, were consistent with neutrophil infiltration as assessed by histology, indicating that this fecal lactoferrin ELISA is a good alternative to histology. The fecal lactoferrin ELISA provides a non-invasive, quantitative assessment of intestinal inflammation, which should facilitate longitudinal studies of the development of and/or therapies reducing intestinal inflammation in individual mice and reduce the number of mice needed for such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Logsdon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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49
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Abstract
Endothelin (ET)-2, an ET family peptide, is highly expressed in intestine. However, the specific distribution and function of ET-2 remain unknown. We elucidated the expression profile and localization of ET-2 in mouse gastrointestinal tract. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that ET-2 gene expression in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy animals was relatively high in the colon. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed ET-2-like immunoreactivity mainly in epithelial cells of the mucosa throughout the intestinal tract of healthy animals. Intracellularly, ET-2 was concentrated close to the basement membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. A weak ET-2-like immunoreactivity was also localized to some neurofibers and the myenteric plexus of the muscle layer, coexpressing with vasoactive intestinal peptide. ET-2-like immunoreactivity was also detected at Brunner's glands of the duodenum and follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patch. In contrast, ET-1-like immunoreactivity was uniformly distributed in epithelial cells. In dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, colonic ET-2 was upregulated during the late stage of DSS treatment. These results suggest that in intestinal epithelial cells ET-2 could be secreted into the lamina propria and the dome region in Peyer's patch, and that it might modulate immune cells in these sites for mucosal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takizawa
- Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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50
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Choi YA, Kang OH, Park HJ, Tae J, Kim DK, Kang CS, Choi SC, Yun KJ, Choi SJ, Nah YH, Kim YH, Bae KH, Lee YM. Effect of processed Scutellaria baicalensis on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Int J Mol Med 2005; 16:667-72. [PMID: 16142402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae) has been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Drug processing (Poje) is the process of treating crude drugs by several methods before use. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of processed Scutellaria baicalensis on experimental ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The types of processed Scutellaria baicalensis used in this study were parched Scutellaria baicalensis (PS) and rice wine-baked Scutellaria baicalensis (RWBS). Experimental colitis was induced in mice using a daily treatment of 5% DSS in the drinking water for 7 days. The water extracts of processed Scutellaria baicalensis (1 g/kg) were administered orally once a day for 7 days. The mice were divided in four groups: i) water plus DSS group, ii) crude Scutellaria baicalensis (CS) plus DSS group, iii) PS plus DSS group, and iv) RWBS plus DSS group. RWBS ameliorated all of the inflammatory symptoms, such as body weight loss, rectal bleeding and histological damage, compared to CS. Furthermore, RWBS significantly reduced the mucosal myeloperoxidase activity, and TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2), NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappa B) and chymase expression more than CS. But these effects were not shown in the PS plus DSS group. Efficacy of Scutellaria baicalensis was increased after rice wine baking, but not after parching. The findings in this study suggest that RWBS may be a useful therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-A Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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