51
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Xia P, He H, Kristine MS, Guan W, Gao J, Wang Z, Hu J, Han L, Li J, Han W, Yu Y. Therapeutic effects of recombinant human S100A6 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products(sRAGE) on CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:86-93. [PMID: 29800549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a pathological process in which extracellular matrix excessively aggregates in an injured liver. Research on hepatic fibrosis is expanding, however, much information in this process is still unclear. Here, we examined the gene expression changes within the process of liver fibrosis, providing the first evidence that secreted S100A6 is a critical contributor. We discovered that expression of the S100 family is highly correlated with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and post self-recovery in mice. Recombinant human S100A6 (rhS100A6) introduced to CCl4-induced mice was found to enhance liver fibrosis through the promotion of activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation. More importantly, we showed that rhS100A6 can induce cell cycle transition from S to G2 stage and significantly elevate the level of ERK phosphorylation in the MARK pathway. In contrast to rhS100A6, recombinant human and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), a natural antagonist of the S100/RAGE pathway, was found to have a preventative effect on liver fibrosis in CCl4-induced mice. In conclusion, our study supports that S100A6 could be a novel therapeutic in liver fibrosis and its receptor antagonist, sRAGE, proofed to be effective for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, PBS 323, 205 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., P.O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA
| | - Honglin He
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Modrak Samantha Kristine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, PBS 323, 205 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., P.O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA
| | - Wen Guan
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Gao
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Li
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Yu
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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52
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Vogl T, Stratis A, Wixler V, Völler T, Thurainayagam S, Jorch SK, Zenker S, Dreiling A, Chakraborty D, Fröhling M, Paruzel P, Wehmeyer C, Hermann S, Papantonopoulou O, Geyer C, Loser K, Schäfers M, Ludwig S, Stoll M, Leanderson T, Schultze JL, König S, Pap T, Roth J. Autoinhibitory regulation of S100A8/S100A9 alarmin activity locally restricts sterile inflammation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1852-1866. [PMID: 29611822 DOI: 10.1172/jci89867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis and arthritis, show a patchy distribution of inflammation despite systemic dysregulation of adaptive immunity. Thus, additional tissue-derived signals, such as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are indispensable for manifestation of local inflammation. S100A8/S100A9 complexes are the most abundant DAMPs in many autoimmune diseases. However, regulatory mechanisms locally restricting DAMP activities are barely understood. We now unravel for the first time, to our knowledge, a mechanism of autoinhibition in mice and humans restricting S100-DAMP activity to local sites of inflammation. Combining protease degradation, pull-down assays, mass spectrometry, and targeted mutations, we identified specific peptide sequences within the second calcium-binding EF-hands triggering TLR4/MD2-dependent inflammation. These binding sites are free when S100A8/S100A9 heterodimers are released at sites of inflammation. Subsequently, S100A8/S100A9 activities are locally restricted by calcium-induced (S100A8/S100A9)2 tetramer formation hiding the TLR4/MD2-binding site within the tetramer interphase, thus preventing undesirable systemic effects. Loss of this autoinhibitory mechanism in vivo results in TNF-α-driven fatal inflammation, as shown by lack of tetramer formation in crossing S100A9-/- mice with 2 independent TNF-α-transgene mouse strains. Since S100A8/S100A9 is the most abundant DAMP in many inflammatory diseases, specifically blocking the TLR4-binding site of active S100 dimers may represent a promising approach for local suppression of inflammatory diseases, avoiding systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, and.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Viktor Wixler
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung (ZMBE), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Alena Dreiling
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Sven Hermann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Olympia Papantonopoulou
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences-Institute (LIMES-Institute), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Geyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Clinical Radiology
| | - Karin Loser
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Dermatology.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, and
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, and
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung (ZMBE), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, and
| | - Monika Stoll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tomas Leanderson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Immunology Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences-Institute (LIMES-Institute), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simone König
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Pap
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine and
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, and.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, and
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53
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Zhu Q, Li F, Wang J, Ma J, Sheng X. Upregulation of calprotectin in mild IgE-mediated ovalbumin hypersensitivity. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37342-37354. [PMID: 28454097 PMCID: PMC5514913 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin, also known as S100A8/A9, has been linked to gut inflammation caused by IgE-mediated food hypersensitivities, but the pathophysiologic abnormalities it causes remain to be determined. We created a mild food hypersensitivity model through oral gavage of ovalbumin in Norway brown rats without using immune adjuvant. Changes in the levels of calprotectin and inflammation-associated cytokines were then observed over time. We found that fecal calprotectin as well as jejunal and liver TLR4, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-6 were upregulated in hypersensitive rats. Additionally, the influence of calprotectin on CD4+ T and dendritic cells was observed by co-culturing CD4+ T cells with dendritic cells, which revealed a shift toward increased Th2 T cells in calprotectin-treated cultures. These results suggest that calprotectin, along with other inflammatory factors, promotes the inflammation seen in mild food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Zhu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingqiu Ma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Sheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
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54
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Cunden LS, Nolan EM. Bioinorganic Explorations of Zn(II) Sequestration by Human S100 Host-Defense Proteins. Biochemistry 2018; 57:1673-1680. [PMID: 29381858 PMCID: PMC5989567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human innate immune system launches a metal-withholding response to starve invading microbial pathogens of essential metal nutrients. Zn(II)-sequestering proteins of the human S100 family contribute to this process and include calprotectin (CP, S100A8/S100A9 oligomer, calgranulin A/B oligomer), S100A12 (calgranulin C), and S100A7 (psoriasin). This Perspective highlights recent advances in the Zn(II) coordination chemistry of these three proteins, as well as select studies that evaluate Zn(II) sequestration as an antimicrobial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S. Cunden
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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55
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Schenten V, Plançon S, Jung N, Hann J, Bueb JL, Bréchard S, Tschirhart EJ, Tolle F. Secretion of the Phosphorylated Form of S100A9 from Neutrophils Is Essential for the Proinflammatory Functions of Extracellular S100A8/A9. Front Immunol 2018; 9:447. [PMID: 29593718 PMCID: PMC5859079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 are members of the S100 family of cytoplasmic EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins and are abundantly expressed in the cytosol of neutrophils. In addition to their intracellular roles, S100A8/A9 can be secreted in the extracellular environment and are considered as alarmins able to amplify the inflammatory response. The intracellular activity of S100A8/A9 was shown to be regulated by S100A9 phosphorylation, but the importance of this phosphorylation on the extracellular activity of S100A8/A9 has not yet been extensively studied. Our work focuses on the impact of the phosphorylation state of secreted S100A9 on the proinflammatory function of neutrophils. In a first step, we characterized the secretion of S100A8/A9 in different stimulatory conditions and investigated the phosphorylation state of secreted S100A9. Our results on neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 (dHL-60) cells and purified human neutrophils showed a time-dependent secretion of S100A8/A9 when induced by phorbol 12-myristoyl 13-acetate and this secreted S100A9 was found in a phosphorylated form. Second, we evaluated the impact of this phosphorylation on proinflammatory cytokine expression and secretion in dHL-60 cells. Time course experiments with purified unphosphorylated or phosphorylated S100A8/A9 were performed and the expression and secretion levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL8 were measured by real-time PCR and cytometry bead array, respectively. Our results demonstrate that only the phosphorylated form of the complex induces proinflammatory cytokine expression and secretion. For the first time, we provide evidence that S100A8/PhosphoS100A9 is inducing cytokine secretion through toll-like receptor 4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Schenten
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sébastien Plançon
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas Jung
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Justine Hann
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Luc Bueb
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sabrina Bréchard
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Eric J Tschirhart
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Fabrice Tolle
- Calcium Signalling and Inflammation Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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56
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Podgórska M, Ołdak M, Marthaler A, Fingerle A, Walch-Rückheim B, Lohse S, Müller CSL, Vogt T, Ustav M, Wnorowski A, Malejczyk M, Majewski S, Smola S. Chronic Inflammatory Microenvironment in Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis Skin Lesions: Role of the Synergism Between HPV8 E2 and C/EBPβ to Induce Pro-Inflammatory S100A8/A9 Proteins. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:392. [PMID: 29563902 PMCID: PMC5845987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent genus β-HPV (human papillomavirus) infection is a major co-factor for non-melanoma skin cancer in patients suffering from the inherited skin disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). Malignant EV lesions are particularly associated with HPV type 5 or 8. There is clinical and molecular evidence that HPV8 actively suppresses epithelial immunosurveillance by interfering with the recruitment of Langerhans cells, which may favor viral persistence. Mechanisms how persistent HPV8 infection promotes the carcinogenic process are, however, less well understood. In various tumor types chronic inflammation has a central role in tumor progression. The calprotectin complex consisting of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins has recently been identified as key driver of chronic and tumor promoting inflammation in skin carcinogenesis. It induces chemotaxis of neutrophil granulocytes and modulates inflammatory as well as immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that skin lesions of EV-patients are massively infiltrated by inflammatory cells, including CD15+ granulocytes. At the same time we observed a very strong expression of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins in lesional keratinocytes, which was mostly confined to the suprabasal layers of the epidermis. Both proteins were hardly detected in non-lesional skin. Further experiments revealed that the HPV8 oncoproteins E6 and E7 were not involved in S100A8/A9 up-regulation. They rather suppressed differentiation-induced S100A8/A9 expression. In contrast, the viral transcription factor E2 strongly enhanced PMA-mediated S100A8/A9 up-regulation in primary human keratinocytes. Similarly, a tremendous up-regulation of both S100 proteins was observed, when minute amounts of the PMA-inducible CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), which is expressed at low levels in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis, were co-expressed together with HPV8 E2. This confirmed our previous observation that C/EBPβ interacts and functionally synergizes with the HPV8 E2 protein in differentiation-dependent gene expression. Potent synergistic up-regulation of S100A8/A9 was seen at transcriptional and protein levels. S100A8/A9 containing supernatants from keratinocytes co-expressing HPV8 E2 and C/EBPβ significantly induced chemotaxis of granulocytes in migration assays supporting the relevance of our finding. In conclusion, our data suggest that the HPV8 E2 protein actively contributes to the recruitment of myeloid cells into EV skin lesions, which may support chronic inflammation and progression to skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Podgórska
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Monika Ołdak
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Marthaler
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alina Fingerle
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Lohse
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia S L Müller
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mart Ustav
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Malejczyk
- Diagnostic Laboratory of STDs, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Majewski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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57
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Wen H, Ma H, Cai Q, Lin S, Lei X, He B, Wu S, Wang Z, Gao Y, Liu W, Liu W, Tao Q, Long Z, Yan M, Li D, Kelley KW, Yang Y, Huang H, Liu Q. Recurrent ECSIT mutation encoding V140A triggers hyperinflammation and promotes hemophagocytic syndrome in extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma. Nat Med 2018; 24:154-164. [PMID: 29291352 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a fatal hyperinflammatory disease with a poorly understood mechanism that occurs most frequently in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL). Through exome sequencing of ENKTL tumor-normal samples, we have identified a hotspot mutation (c.419T>C) in the evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathway (ECSIT) gene, encoding a V140A variant of ECSIT. ECSIT-V140A activated NF-κB more potently than the wild-type protein owing to its increased affinity for the S100A8 and S100A9 heterodimer, which promotes NADPH oxidase activity. ECSIT-T419C knock-in mice showed higher peritoneal NADPH oxidase activity than mice with wild-type ECSIT in response to LPS. ECSIT-T419C-transfected ENKTL cell lines produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ, which induced macrophage activation and massive cytokine secretion in cell culture and mouse xenografts. In individuals with ENKTL, ECSIT-V140A was associated with activation of NF-κB, higher HPS incidence, and poor prognosis. The immunosuppressive drug thalidomide prevented NF-κB from binding to the promoters of its target genes (including TNF and IFNG), and combination treatment with thalidomide and dexamethasone extended survival of mice engrafted with ECSIT-T419C-transfected ENKTL cells. We added thalidomide to the conventional dexamethasone-containing therapy regimen for two patients with HPS who expressed ECSIT-V140A, and we observed reversal of their HPS and disease-free survival for longer than 3 years. These findings provide mechanistic insights and a potential therapeutic strategy for ENKTL-associated HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huajuan Ma
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qichun Cai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Lymphoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suxia Lin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxing Lei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijin Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lymphoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Department of Pathology, West-China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zijie Long
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dali Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keith W Kelley
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Science (ACES) and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Huiqiang Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lymphoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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58
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Chakraborty D, Zenker S, Rossaint J, Hölscher A, Pohlen M, Zarbock A, Roth J, Vogl T. Alarmin S100A8 Activates Alveolar Epithelial Cells in the Context of Acute Lung Injury in a TLR4-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1493. [PMID: 29180999 PMCID: PMC5693860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) are an essential part of the respiratory barrier in lungs for gas exchange and protection against pathogens. Damage to AECs occurs during lung injury and PAMPs/DAMPs have been shown to activate AECs. However, their interplay as well as the mechanism of AECs’ activation especially by the alarmin S100A8/A9 is unknown. Thus, our aim was to study the mechanism of activation of AECs (type I and type II) by S100A8 and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to understand the role of endogenous S100A8/A9 in neutrophil recruitment in the lung. For our studies, we modified a previous protocol for isolation and culturing of murine AECs. Next, we stimulated the cells with S100A8 and/or LPS and analyzed cytokine/chemokine release. We also analyzed the contribution of the known S100-receptors TLR4 and RAGE in AEC activation. In a murine model of lung injury, we investigated the role of S100A8/A9 in neutrophil recruitment to lungs. S100A8 activates type I and type II cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner which could be quantified by the release of IL-6, KC, and MCP-1. We here clearly demonstrate that AEC s are activated by S100A8 via a TLR4-dependent pathway. Surprisingly, RAGE, albeit mainly expressed in lung tissue, plays no role. Additionally, we show that S100A8/A9 is an essential factor for neutrophil recruitment to lungs. We, therefore, conclude that S100A8 promotes acute lung injury via Toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie Zenker
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Hölscher
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michele Pohlen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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59
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王 娟, 李 磊, 罗 海, 姜 勇. [Expressions of inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages induced by MRP8/MRP14 in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1164-1170. [PMID: 28951356 PMCID: PMC6765494 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.09.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate MRP8/MRP14-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages and explore the mechanism. METHODS Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-5 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) proteins in the culture supernatants of mouse peritoneal macrophages treated with recombinant MRP8/MRP14 were quantified using Luminex xMAP system. TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 levels were detected in the culture supernatants of the peritoneal macrophages after treatment with different domains of MRP14. Western blotting was used to detect the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK in the cells after MRP8/MRP14 treatment. The effects of p38 MAPK, JNK, ERK inhibitors, TLR4 or RAGE receptor antagonists on MRP8/MRP14-induced expressions of TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 were tested. RESULTS MRP8/MRP14 significantly increased TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 levels in mouse peritoneal macrophages by 98.2, 378.6 and 6.3 folds (P<0.01), respectively, but did not obviously affect IL-2, IL-5 and IFN-α levels. MRP14 protein and its calcium binding motifs such as EF hand-1, EF hand-2, EF hand-1+2, but not CT terminal domain, all induced TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 expressions (P<0.01). Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK were detected by Western blotting in the cells at 1 h after MRP8/MRP14 stimulation and sustained to 2 h. Compared with MRP8/MRP14, SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) significantly inhibited TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 expression (P<0.05), and SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IP-10 (P<0.05) but not IL-6, PD98059 and U0126 (ERK and MEK1/2 inhibitor) reduced IL-6 expression (P<0.05). TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 levels were inhibited by TAK242 (P<0.05); IL-6 level in the cells was also partially inhibited by RAGE neutralizing antibody (P<0.05). CONCLUSION MRP8/MRP14 can induce the expression of TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. MRP14 protein, which contain calcium binding motifs, has the biological activity of inducing cytokine expression. TNF-α and IP-10 expressions are related with TLR4 and its downstream p38 MAPKs and JNK; IL-6 is regulated by both TLR4 and RAGE and their downstream p38 MAPKs and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- 娟 王
- />南方医科大学病理生理学教研室//广东省蛋白质组学重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 磊 李
- />南方医科大学病理生理学教研室//广东省蛋白质组学重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 海华 罗
- />南方医科大学病理生理学教研室//广东省蛋白质组学重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 勇 姜
- />南方医科大学病理生理学教研室//广东省蛋白质组学重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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60
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Lim SY, Yuzhalin AE, Gordon-Weeks AN, Muschel RJ. Tumor-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages promote tumor invasion and migration by upregulating S100A8 and S100A9 expression in cancer cells. Oncogene 2016; 35:5735-5745. [PMID: 27086923 PMCID: PMC4961254 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells promote the development of distant metastases, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. Here we have begun to uncover the effects of myeloid cells on cancer cells in a mouse model of liver metastasis. Monocytes/macrophages, but not granulocytes, isolated from experimental liver metastases stimulated migration and invasion of MC38 colon and Lewis lung carcinoma cells. In response to conditioned media from tumor-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages, cancer cells upregulated S100a8 and S100a9 messenger RNA expression through an extracellular signal-related kinase-dependent mechanism. Suppression of S100A8 and S100A9 in cancer cells using short hairpin RNA significantly diminished migration and invasion in culture. Downregulation of S100A8 and S100A9 had no effect on subcutaneous tumor growth. However, colony size was greatly reduced in liver metastases with decreased invasion into adjacent tissue. In tissue culture and in the liver colonies derived from cancer cells with knockdown of S100A8 and S100A9, MMP2 and MMP9 expression was decreased, consistent with the reduction in migration and invasion. Our findings demonstrate that monocytes/macrophages in the metastatic liver microenvironment induce S100A8 and S100A9 in cancer cells, and that these proteins are essential for tumor cell migration and invasion. S100A8 and S100A9, however, are not responsible for stimulation of proliferation. This study implicates S100A8 and S100A9 as important mediators of tumor cell aggressiveness, and highlights the therapeutic potential of S100A8 and S100A9 for interference of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Lim
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A E Yuzhalin
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A N Gordon-Weeks
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R J Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a novel protein increasingly studied in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). RAGE is expressed by several immune cell types, including T cells, antigen-presenting cells, endothelial cells, and the endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets. RAGE binds various ligands including advanced glycation end products (AGEs), high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), S100 proteins, β-amyloid, β-sheet fibrils, and lipopolysaccharide. AGEs are a particularly interesting ligand because their exogenous introduction into the body can be accelerated by the consumption of AGE-rich processed foods. This review will detail RAGE isoforms and its ligands and discuss how RAGE binding on the aforementioned cells could be linked to T1D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherman S Leung
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Mater Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Danielle J Borg
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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62
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Pruenster M, Vogl T, Roth J, Sperandio M. S100A8/A9: From basic science to clinical application. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:120-131. [PMID: 27492899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils and monocytes belong to the first line of immune defence cells and are recruited to sites of inflammation during infection or sterile injury. Both cells contain huge amounts of the heterodimeric protein S100A8/A9 in their cytoplasm. S100A8/A9 belongs to the Ca2+ binding S100 protein family and has recently gained a lot of interest as a critical alarmin modulating the inflammatory response after its release (extracellular S100A8/A9) from neutrophils and monocytes. Extracellular S100A8/A9 interacts with the pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) promoting cell activation and recruitment. Besides its biological function, S100A8/A9 (also known as myeloid related protein 8/14, MRP8/14) was identified as interesting biomarker to monitor disease activity in chronic inflammatory disorders including inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, S100A8/A9 has been tested successfully in pre-clinical imaging studies to localize sites of infection or sterile injury. Finally, recent evidence using small molecule inhibitors for S100A8/A9 also suggests that blocking S100A8/A9 activity exerts beneficial effects on disease activity in animal models of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. This review will provide a comprehensive and detailed overview into the structure and biological function of S100A8/A9 and also will give an outlook in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic applications targeting S100A8/A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pruenster
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
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63
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Ali N, Chandrakesan P, Nguyen CB, Husain S, Gillaspy AF, Huycke M, Berry WL, May R, Qu D, Weygant N, Sureban SM, Bronze MS, Dhanasekaran DN, Houchen CW. Inflammatory and oncogenic roles of a tumor stem cell marker doublecortin-like kinase (DCLK1) in virus-induced chronic liver diseases. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20327-44. [PMID: 25948779 PMCID: PMC4653008 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. We previously showed that a tumor/cancer stem cell (CSC) marker, doublecortin-like kinase (DCLK1) positively regulates hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication, and promotes tumor growth in colon and pancreas. Here, we employed transcriptome analysis, RNA interference, tumor xenografts, patient's liver tissues and hepatospheroids to investigate DCLK1-regulated inflammation and tumorigenesis in the liver. Our studies unveiled novel DCLK1-controlled feed-forward signaling cascades involving calprotectin subunit S100A9 and NFκB activation as a driver of inflammation. Validation of transcriptome data suggests that DCLK1 co-expression with HCV induces BRM/SMARCA2 of SW1/SNF1 chromatin remodeling complexes. Frequently observed lymphoid aggregates including hepatic epithelial and stromal cells of internodular septa extensively express DCLK1 and S100A9. The DCLK1 overexpression also correlates with increased levels of S100A9, c-Myc, and BRM levels in HCV/HBV-positive patients with cirrhosis and HCC. DCLK1 silencing inhibits S100A9 expression and hepatoma cell migration. Normal human hepatocytes (NHH)-derived spheroids exhibit CSC properties. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of the hepatitis B/C-virus induced liver inflammation and tumorigenesis via DCLK1-controlled networks. Thus, DCLK1 appears to be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.,Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Chandrakesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Charles B Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Sanam Husain
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.,Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Allison F Gillaspy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.,Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Mark Huycke
- Infectious Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.,Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - William L Berry
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Randal May
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Dongfeng Qu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Sripathi M Sureban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.,Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Michael S Bronze
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.,Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.,Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.,COARE Biotechnology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, OK, USA
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64
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Utility of surrogate markers for the prediction of relapses in inflammatory bowel diseases. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:531-47. [PMID: 26975751 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients with diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) will commonly experience a clinical relapse in spite of a prolonged therapy-induced period of clinical remission. The current methods of assessing subclinical levels of low-grade inflammation which predispose patients to relapse are not optimal when considering both cost and patient comfort. Over the past few decades, much investigation has discovered that proteins such as calprotectin that are released from inflammatory cells are capable of indicating disease activity. Along with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, calprotectin has now become part of the current methodology for assessing IBD activity. More recently, research has identified that other fecal and serum biomarkers such as lactoferrin, S100A12, GM-CSF autoantibodies, α1-antitrypsin, eosinophil-derived proteins, and cytokine concentrations have variable degrees of utility in monitoring gastrointestinal tract inflammation. In order to provide direction toward novel methods of predicting relapse in IBD, we provide an up-to-date review of these biomarkers and their potential utility in the prediction of clinical relapse, given their observed activities during various stages of clinical remission.
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65
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Gheibi N, Asghari H, Chegini KG, Sahmani M, Moghadasi M. The role of calcium in the conformational changes of the recombinant S100A8/S100A91. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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66
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An efficient method for the preparation of preferentially heterodimerized recombinant S100A8/A9 coexpressed in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:94-100. [PMID: 28955868 PMCID: PMC5600424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now known that multicomponent protein assemblies strictly regulate many protein functions. The S100 protein family is known to play various physiological roles, which are associated with alternative complex formations. To prepare sufficient amounts of heterodimeric S100A8 and S100A9 proteins, we developed a method for bicistronic coexpression from a single-vector system using Escherichia coli cells as a host. The complex formation between S100A8 and S100A9 appears to be dependent on the thermodynamic stability of the protein during expression. The stable S100A8/A9 heterodimer complex spontaneously formed during coexpression, and biologically active samples were purified by cation-exchange chromatography. Semi-stable homodimers of S100A8 and S100A9 were also formed when expressed individually. These results suggest that the assembly of S100 protein complexes might be regulated by expression levels of partner proteins in vivo. Because protein assembly occurs rapidly after protein synthesis, coexpression of relevant proteins is crucial for the design of multicomponent recombinant protein expression systems. S100A8/A9 heterodimer efficiently formed by coexpression in E. coli. S100A8/A9 heterodimer preferentially assembled as compared to homodimer. Simplified purification procedure for recombinant S100A8/A9 without fusion of affinity tag. Convenient recombination method for construction of coexpression vector.
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67
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Asghari H, Chegini KG, Amini A, Gheibi N. Effect of poly and mono-unsaturated fatty acids on stability and structure of recombinant S100A8/A9. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 84:35-42. [PMID: 26642838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant pET 15b vectors containing the coding sequences S100A8 and S100A9 are expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The structural changes of S100A8/A9 complex are analyzed upon interaction with poly/mono-unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). The thermodynamic values, Gibbs free energy and the protein melting point, are obtained through thermal denaturation of protein both with and without UFAs by thermal scanning of protein emission using the fluorescence spectroscopy technique. The far-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra show that all studied unsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic and oleic acids, induce changes in the secondary structure of S100A8/A9 by reducing the α-helix and β-sheet structures. The tertiary structure of S100A8/A9 has fluctuations in the fluorescence emission spectra after the incubation of protein with UFAs. The blue-shift of emission maximum wavelength and the increase in fluorescence intensity of anilino naphthalene-8-sulfonic acid confirm that the partial unfolding is caused by the conformational changes in the tertiary structure in the presence of UFAs. The structural changes in S100A8/A9 and its lower stability in the presence of UFAs may be necessary for S100A8/A9 to play a biological role in the inflammatory milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Asghari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Para Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Koorosh Goodarzvand Chegini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abbas Amini
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Bld Y, Locked Bag 1797, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 34199-15315, Qazvin, Iran.
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68
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Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a serious global health problem worldwide due to frequent and severe outbreaks. IAV causes significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly population, due to the ineffectiveness of the vaccine and the alteration of T cell immunity with ageing. The cellular and molecular link between ageing and virus infection is unclear and it is possible that damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) may play a role in the raised severity and susceptibility of virus infections in the elderly. DAMPs which are released from damaged cells following activation, injury or cell death can activate the immune response through the stimulation of the inflammasome through several types of receptors found on the plasma membrane, inside endosomes after endocytosis as well as in the cytosol. In this review, the detriment in the immune system during ageing and the links between influenza virus infection and ageing will be discussed. In addition, the role of DAMPs such as HMGB1 and S100/Annexin in ageing, and the enhanced morbidity and mortality to severe influenza infection in ageing will be highlighted.
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69
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Juttukonda LJ, Skaar EP. Manganese homeostasis and utilization in pathogenic bacteria. Mol Microbiol 2015; 97:216-28. [PMID: 25898914 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a required cofactor for all forms of life. Given the importance of Mn to bacteria, the host has devised strategies to sequester Mn from invaders. In the macrophage phagosome, NRAMP1 removes Mn and other essential metals to starve intracellular pathogens; in the extracellular space, calprotectin chelates Mn and Zn. Calprotectin-mediated Mn sequestration is a newly appreciated host defense mechanism, and recent findings are highlighted herein. In order to acquire Mn when extracellular concentrations are low, bacteria have evolved efficient Mn acquisition systems that are under elegant transcriptional control. To counteract Mn overload, some bacteria possess Mn-specific export systems that are important in vivo, presumably for control of intracellular Mn levels. Mn transporters, their transcriptional regulators and some Mn-requiring enzymes are necessary for virulence of certain bacterial pathogens, as revealed by animal models of infection. Furthermore, Mn is an important facet of the cellular response to oxidative stress, a host antibacterial strategy. The battle for Mn between host and pathogen is now appreciated to be a major determinant of the outcome of infection. In this MicroReview, the contribution of Mn to the host-pathogen interaction is reviewed, and key questions are proposed for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian J Juttukonda
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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70
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Brophy MB, Nolan EM. Manganese and microbial pathogenesis: sequestration by the Mammalian immune system and utilization by microorganisms. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:641-51. [PMID: 25594606 PMCID: PMC4372095 DOI: 10.1021/cb500792b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal pathogens cause a variety of infectious diseases and constitute a significant threat to public health. The human innate immune system represents the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes and employs a range of chemical artillery to combat these invaders. One important mechanism of innate immunity is the sequestration of metal ions that are essential nutrients. Manganese is one nutrient that is required for many pathogens to establish an infective lifestyle. This review summarizes recent advances in the role of manganese in the host-pathogen interaction and highlights Mn(II) sequestration by neutrophil calprotectin as well as how bacterial acquisition and utilization of manganese enables pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Brunjes Brophy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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71
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Markwell SM, Weed SA. Tumor and stromal-based contributions to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:382-406. [PMID: 25734659 PMCID: PMC4381264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is typically diagnosed at advanced stages with evident loco-regional and/or distal metastases. The prevalence of metastatic lesions directly correlates with poor patient outcome, resulting in high patient mortality rates following metastatic development. The progression to metastatic disease requires changes not only in the carcinoma cells, but also in the surrounding stromal cells and tumor microenvironment. Within the microenvironment, acellular contributions from the surrounding extracellular matrix, along with contributions from various infiltrating immune cells, tumor associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells facilitate the spread of tumor cells from the primary site to the rest of the body. Thus far, most attempts to limit metastatic spread through therapeutic intervention have failed to show patient benefit in clinic trails. The goal of this review is highlight the complexity of invasion-promoting interactions in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment, focusing on contributions from tumor and stromal cells in order to assist future therapeutic development and patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markwell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Scott A Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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72
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Gagnon DM, Brophy MB, Bowman SEJ, Stich TA, Drennan CL, Britt RD, Nolan EM. Manganese binding properties of human calprotectin under conditions of high and low calcium: X-ray crystallographic and advanced electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3004-16. [PMID: 25597447 DOI: 10.1021/ja512204s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial protein calprotectin (CP), a hetero-oligomer of the S100 family members S100A8 and S100A9, is the only identified mammalian Mn(II)-sequestering protein. Human CP uses Ca(II) ions to tune its Mn(II) affinity at a biologically unprecedented hexahistidine site that forms at the S100A8/S100A9 interface, and the molecular basis for this phenomenon requires elucidation. Herein, we investigate the remarkable Mn(II) coordination chemistry of human CP using X-ray crystallography as well as continuous-wave (CW) and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. An X-ray crystallographic structure of Mn(II)-CP containing one Mn(II), two Ca(II), and two Na(I) ions per CP heterodimer is reported. The CW EPR spectrum of Ca(II)- and Mn(II)-bound CP prepared with a 10:0.9:1 Ca(II):Mn(II):CP ratio is characterized by an unusually low zero-field splitting of 485 MHz (E/D = 0.30) for the S = 5/2 Mn(II) ion, consistent with the high symmetry of the His6 binding site observed crystallographically. Results from electron spin-echo envelope modulation and electron-nuclear double resonance experiments reveal that the six Mn(II)-coordinating histidine residues of Ca(II)- and Mn(II)-bound CP are spectroscopically equivalent. The observed (15)N (I = 1/2) hyperfine couplings (A) arise from two distinct classes of nitrogen atoms: the coordinating ε-nitrogen of the imidazole ring of each histidine ligand (A = [3.45, 3.71, 5.91] MHz) and the distal δ-nitrogen (A = [0.11, 0.18, 0.42] MHz). In the absence of Ca(II), the binding affinity of CP for Mn(II) drops by two to three orders of magnitude and coincides with Mn(II) binding at the His6 site as well as other sites. This study demonstrates the role of Ca(II) in enabling high-affinity and specific binding of Mn(II) to the His6 site of human calprotectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Gagnon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
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Wang J, Vodovotz Y, Fan L, Li Y, Liu Z, Namas R, Barclay D, Zamora R, Billiar TR, Wilson MA, Fan J, Jiang Y. Injury-induced MRP8/MRP14 stimulates IP-10/CXCL10 in monocytes/macrophages. FASEB J 2014; 29:250-62. [PMID: 25342131 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-255992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Trauma/hemorrhagic shock is associated with morbidity and mortality due to dysregulated inflammation, which is driven in part by monocytes/macrophages stimulated by injury-induced release of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules. MRP8/MRP14 is an endogenous DAMP involved in various inflammatory diseases, though its mechanism of action is unclear. Circulating MRP8/MRP14 levels in human blunt trauma nonsurvivors were significantly lower than those of survivors (P < 0.001). Human monocytic THP-1 cells stimulated with MRP8/MRP14 expressed the chemokine IFN-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10)/CXCL10. Circulating IP-10 levels in human blunt trauma patients were correlated positively with MRP8/MRP14 levels (r = 0.396, P < 0.001), and were significantly lower in trauma nonsurvivors than in survivors (P < 0.001). We therefore sought to determine the mechanisms by which MRP8/MRP14 stimulates IP-10 in monocytes/macrophages, and found that induction of IP-10 by MRP8/MRP14 required Toll-like receptor 4 and TRIF but not MyD88. Full induction of IP-10 by MRP8/MRP14 required synergy between the transcription factors NF-κB and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). The receptor for IP-10 is CXCR3, and MRP8/MRP14-induced chemotaxis of CXCR3(+) cells was dependent on the production of IP-10 in monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, in vivo study with a mouse trauma/hemorrhagic shock model showed that administration of neutralizing antibody against MRP8 prevented activation of NF-κB and IRF3 as well as IP-10 production. Thus, the current study identified a novel signaling mechanism that controls IP-10 expression in monocytes/macrophages by MRP8/MRP14, which may play an important role in injury-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Proteomics, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liyan Fan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Arts and Science, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Proteomics, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rami Namas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Derek Barclay
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruben Zamora
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark A Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Proteomics, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Proteomics, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China;
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74
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Sun P, Li Q, Zhang Q, Xu L, Han JY. Upregulated expression of S100A8 in mice brain after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion. World J Emerg Med 2014; 4:210-4. [PMID: 25215121 PMCID: PMC4129849 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have showed that S100A8 has been implicated in the pathobiology of inflammatory disorders, and that cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) rapidly activates inflammation responses via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). This study aimed to explore the expression of S100A8 and the relationship between S100A8 and TLR4 in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS: C3H/HeJ mice (n=30) and C3H/HeN mice (n=30) were divided randomly into a C3H/HeJ model group (n=18), a C3H/HeJ control group (n=12), a C3H/HeN model group (n=18), and a C3H/HeN control group (n=12). Middle cerebral artery I/R model in mice was produced using a thread embolism method. The brains of the mice were collected after ischemia for 1 hour and reperfusion for 12 hours. Stroke outcome was evaluated by determination of infarct volume and assessment of neurological impairment scores. Brain injury after cerebral I/R was observed by an optical microscope after TTC and HE dyeing. The immunofluorescence technique and real time PCR were used to test the expression level of S100A8 in brain damage. RESULTS: Compared with C3H/HeN mice, TLR4-deficient mice (C3H/HeJ) had lower infarct volumes and better outcomes in neurological tests. The levels of S100A8 increased sharply in the brains of mice after I/R injury. In addition, mice that lacked TLR4 (C3H/HeJ) had lower expression of I/R-induced S100A8 than C3H/HeN mice in the model group, indicating that a close relationship might exist between the levels of S100A8 and TLR4. CONCLUSION: S100A8 interaction with TLR4 might be involved in brain damage and in inflammation triggered by I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology,Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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75
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Achouiti A, Vogl T, Endeman H, Mortensen BL, Laterre PF, Wittebole X, van Zoelen MAD, Zhang Y, Hoogerwerf JJ, Florquin S, Schultz MJ, Grutters JC, Biesma DH, Roth J, Skaar EP, van 't Veer C, de Vos AF, van der Poll T. Myeloid-related protein-8/14 facilitates bacterial growth during pneumococcal pneumonia. Thorax 2014; 69:1034-42. [PMID: 25179663 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most commonly identified pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Myeloid-related protein (MRP) 8/14 is a major component of neutrophils that is released upon infection or injury. MRP8/14 is essential for protective immunity during infection by a variety of micro-organisms through its capacity to chelate manganese and zinc. Here, we aimed to determine the role of MRP8/14 in pneumococcal pneumonia. METHODS MRP8/14 was determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of CAP patients, in lung tissue of patients who had succumbed to pneumococcal pneumonia, and in BALF of healthy subjects challenged with lipoteichoic acid (a component of the gram-positive bacterial cell wall) via the airways. Pneumonia was induced in MRP14 deficient and normal wildtype mice. The effect of MRP8/14 on S. pneumoniae growth was studied in vitro. RESULTS CAP patients displayed high MRP8/14 levels in BALF, lung tissue and serum. Healthy subjects challenged with lipoteichoic acid demonstrated elevated MRP8/14 in BALF. Likewise, mice with pneumococcal pneumonia had high MRP8/14 levels in lungs and the circulation. MRP14 deficiency, however, was associated with reduced bacterial growth and lethality, in the absence of notable effects on the inflammatory response. High zinc levels strongly inhibited growth of S. pneumoniae in vitro, which was partially reversed by MRP8/14. CONCLUSIONS In sharp contrast to its previously reported host-protective role in several infections, the present results reveal that in a model of CAP, MRP8/14 is misused by S. pneumoniae, facilitating bacterial growth by attenuating zinc toxicity toward the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Achouiti
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Henrik Endeman
- Intensive Care Department, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brittany L Mortensen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pierre-Francois Laterre
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Wittebole
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marieke A D van Zoelen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yaofang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jacobien J Hoogerwerf
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Grutters
- Department of Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe H Biesma
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) may have a negative effect on dendritic cell generation. Immunobiology 2014; 219:944-9. [PMID: 25150150 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to be a serious worldwide health problem despite the use of protective HBV vaccines and therapeutic regimens against chronic HBV infection. Chronic HBV patients cannot induce sufficient immune responses against the virus. HBV and its antigens are believed to suppress immune responses during chronic infection. Hence, studying the role of HBV in immune suppression is very important for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies for HBV infections. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) on the generation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and the stimulation of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). In the presence of HBeAg, the ratio of BMDCs was decreased, but the ratio of CD11b(+)Ly6G(+) immature myeloid cells was increased. The expression of 47 proteins was also changed during HBeAg treatment; however, CpG-induced MHC-II expression on pDCs was not affected. Our results indicate that HBeAg may have a negative effect on the generation of DCs from bone morrow precursors.
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77
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Gross SR, Sin CGT, Barraclough R, Rudland PS. Joining S100 proteins and migration: for better or for worse, in sickness and in health. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1551-79. [PMID: 23811936 PMCID: PMC11113901 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vast diversity of S100 proteins has demonstrated a multitude of biological correlations with cell growth, cell differentiation and cell survival in numerous physiological and pathological conditions in all cells of the body. This review summarises some of the reported regulatory functions of S100 proteins (namely S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6, S100A7, S100A8/S100A9, S100A10, S100A11, S100A12, S100B and S100P) on cellular migration and invasion, established in both culture and animal model systems and the possible mechanisms that have been proposed to be responsible. These mechanisms involve intracellular events and components of the cytoskeletal organisation (actin/myosin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules) as well as extracellular signalling at different cell surface receptors (RAGE and integrins). Finally, we shall attempt to demonstrate how aberrant expression of the S100 proteins may lead to pathological events and human disorders and furthermore provide a rationale to possibly explain why the expression of some of the S100 proteins (mainly S100A4 and S100P) has led to conflicting results on motility, depending on the cells used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane R. Gross
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - Connie Goh Then Sin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - Philip S. Rudland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
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78
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Schonthaler HB, Guinea-Viniegra J, Wculek SK, Ruppen I, Ximénez-Embún P, Guío-Carrión A, Navarro R, Hogg N, Ashman K, Wagner EF. S100A8-S100A9 protein complex mediates psoriasis by regulating the expression of complement factor C3. Immunity 2014; 39:1171-81. [PMID: 24332034 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common heterogeneous inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathophysiology and limited treatment options. Here we performed proteomic analyses of human psoriatic epidermis and found S100A8-S100A9, also called calprotectin, as the most upregulated proteins, followed by the complement component C3. Both S100A8-S100A9 and C3 are specifically expressed in lesional psoriatic skin. S100A9 is shown here to function as a chromatin component modulating C3 expression in mouse and human cells by binding to a region upstream of the C3 start site. When S100A9 was genetically deleted in mouse models of skin inflammation, the psoriasis-like skin disease and inflammation were strongly attenuated, with a mild immune infiltrate and decreased amounts of C3. In addition, inhibition of C3 in the mouse model strongly reduced the inflammatory skin disease. Thus, S100A8-S100A9 can regulate C3 at the nuclear level and present potential new therapeutic targets for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia B Schonthaler
- BBVA Foundation-CNIO Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Guinea-Viniegra
- BBVA Foundation-CNIO Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefanie K Wculek
- BBVA Foundation-CNIO Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruppen
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ximénez-Embún
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guío-Carrión
- BBVA Foundation-CNIO Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Navarro
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Hogg
- Leukocyte Adhesion Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Keith Ashman
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- BBVA Foundation-CNIO Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 29029 Madrid, Spain.
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Däbritz J, Musci J, Foell D. Diagnostic utility of faecal biomarkers in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:363-375. [PMID: 24574706 PMCID: PMC3923012 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i2.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by unspecific symptoms. In clinical practice it is crucial to distinguish between non-inflammatory functional problems and inflammatory, malignant or infectious diseases of the GI tract. Differentiation between these involves the use of clinical, radiological, endoscopic, histological and serological techniques, which are invasive, expensive, time-consuming and/or hindered by inaccuracies arising from subjective components. A range of faecal markers now appears to have the potential to greatly assist in the differentiation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBS. Faecal markers of neutrophil influx into the mucosa are reliable indicators of intestinal inflammation and their role has been mainly studied in discriminating IBD from non-IBD conditions (including IBS) rather than organic from non-organic diseases. Phagocyte-specific proteins of the S100 family (S100A12, calprotectin) are amongst the most promising faecal biomarkers of inflammation. Faecal leukocyte degranulation markers (lactoferrin, polymorphonuclear elastase and myeloperoxidase) have also been suggested as diagnostic tools for the differentiation of IBD and IBS. More recently, additional proteins, including granins, defensins and matrix-metalloproteases, have been discussed as differential diagnostic markers in IBD and IBS. In this review, some of the most promising faecal markers, which have the potential to differentiate IBD and IBS and to advance diagnostic practices, will be discussed.
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80
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Brophy MB, Nakashige TG, Gaillard A, Nolan EM. Contributions of the S100A9 C-terminal tail to high-affinity Mn(II) chelation by the host-defense protein human calprotectin. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17804-17. [PMID: 24245608 PMCID: PMC3892207 DOI: 10.1021/ja407147d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human calprotectin (CP) is an antimicrobial protein that coordinates Mn(II) with high affinity in a Ca(II)-dependent manner at an unusual histidine-rich site (site 2) formed at the S100A8/S100A9 dimer interface. We present a 16-member CP mutant family where mutations in the S100A9 C-terminal tail (residues 96-114) are employed to evaluate the contributions of this region, which houses three histidines and four acidic residues, to Mn(II) coordination at site 2. The results from analytical size-exclusion chromatography, Mn(II) competition titrations, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy establish that the C-terminal tail is essential for high-affinity Mn(II) coordination by CP in solution. The studies indicate that His103 and His105 (HXH motif) of the tail complete the Mn(II) coordination sphere in solution, affording an unprecedented biological His6 site. These solution studies are in agreement with a Mn(II)-CP crystal structure reported recently (Damo, S. M.; et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2013, 110, 3841). Remarkably high-affinity Mn(II) binding is retained when either H103 or H105 are mutated to Ala, when the HXH motif is shifted from positions 103-105 to 104-106, and when the human tail is substituted by the C-terminal tail of murine S100A9. Nevertheless, antibacterial activity assays employing human CP mutants reveal that the native disposition of His residues is important for conferring growth inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Within the S100 family, the S100A8/S100A9 heterooligomer is essential for providing high-affinity Mn(II) binding; the S100A7, S100A9(C3S), S100A12, and S100B homodimers do not exhibit such Mn(II)-binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Brunjes Brophy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Toshiki G. Nakashige
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Aleth Gaillard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Michel O, Doyen V, Leroy B, Bopp B, Dinh DHP, Corazza F, Wattiez R. Expression of calgranulin A/B heterodimer after acute inhalation of endotoxin: proteomic approach and validation. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13:65. [PMID: 24237763 PMCID: PMC4225611 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-13-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The acute inhalation of endotoxin mimicks several aspects of the inflammation related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the current study was to identify and to validate biomarkers of endotoxin-induced airways’ inflammation. Methods The cellular count in the induced-sputum, was measured before and after an inhalation of 20 mcg endotoxin, in 8 healthy volunteers. A proteomic analysis was applied to identify the more relevant proteins expression, before measurement by ELISA. The amplitude and the repeatability of the markers were evaluated among another population of 12 healthy subjects. Results There was a significant rise of viable cells (p <0.01), macrophages (p <0.05), and neutrophils (p <0.02) 24 hours after endotoxin inhalation, and of neutrophils (p <0.02) and lymphocytes (p <0.05) at 6 hours. Among the highest amplitude responses, the two dimensional electrophoretic separation shown proteolytic activity and overexpression of protein spots. By MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, the last were identified as calgranulin A and B. The expression of the bioactive A/B heterodimeric complex was confirmed by ELISA both in the sputum (p <0.01) and at the blood level (p <0.01). The intra-subject repeatability of the sputum calgranulin A/B was highly significant (p <0.0001). Conclusion In healthy subjects, the inhalation of endotoxin induced expression of sputum calgranulin A/B that could be a biomarker of the endotoxin response/exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Michel
- Clinic of Immuno-allergology, CHU Brugmann (ULB), pl Van Gehuchten 4, B-1020 Brussels, Belgium.
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Nagareddy PR, Murphy AJ, Stirzaker RA, Hu Y, Yu S, Miller RG, Ramkhelawon B, Distel E, Westerterp M, Huang LS, Schmidt AM, Orchard TJ, Fisher EA, Tall AR, Goldberg IJ. Hyperglycemia promotes myelopoiesis and impairs the resolution of atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2013; 17:695-708. [PMID: 23663738 PMCID: PMC3992275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Although atherosclerosis is initiated by deposition of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in the artery wall, the entry of inflammatory leukocytes into lesions fuels disease progression and impairs resolution. We show that diabetic mice have increased numbers of circulating neutrophils and Ly6-C(hi) monocytes, reflecting hyperglycemia-induced proliferation and expansion of bone marrow myeloid progenitors and release of monocytes into the circulation. Increased neutrophil production of S100A8/S100A9, and its subsequent interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation end products on common myeloid progenitor cells, leads to enhanced myelopoiesis. Treatment of hyperglycemia reduces monocytosis, entry of monocytes into atherosclerotic lesions, and promotes regression. In patients with type 1 diabetes, plasma S100A8/S100A9 levels correlate with leukocyte counts and coronary artery disease. Thus, hyperglycemia drives myelopoiesis and promotes atherogenesis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Riva M, He Z, Källberg E, Ivars F, Leanderson T. Human S100A9 protein is stabilized by inflammatory stimuli via the formation of proteolytically-resistant homodimers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61832. [PMID: 23626736 PMCID: PMC3633927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 are Ca(2+)-binding proteins that are associated with acute and chronic inflammation and cancer. They form predominantly heterodimers even if there are data supporting homodimer formation. We investigated the stability of the heterodimer in myeloid and S100A8/S100A9 over-expressing COS cells. In both cases, S100A8 and S100A9 proteins were not completely degraded even 48 hrs after blocking protein synthesis. In contrast, in single transfected cells, S100A8 protein was completely degraded after 24 h, while S100A9 was completely unstable. However, S100A9 protein expression was rescued upon S100A8 co-expression or inhibition of proteasomal activity. Furthermore, S100A9, but not S100A8, could be stabilized by LPS, IL-1β and TNFα treatment. Interestingly, stimulation of S100A9-transfected COS cells with proteasomal inhibitor or IL-1β lead to the formation of protease resistant S100A9 homodimers. In summary, our data indicated that S100A9 protein is extremely unstable but can be rescued upon co-expression with S100A8 protein or inflammatory stimuli, via proteolytically resistant homodimer formation. The formation of S100A9 homodimers by this mechanism may constitute an amplification step during an inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riva
- Immunology Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Bréchard S, Plançon S, Tschirhart EJ. New insights into the regulation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity in the phagosome: a focus on the role of lipid and Ca(2+) signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:661-76. [PMID: 22867131 PMCID: PMC3549206 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen species, produced by the phagosomal NADPH oxidase of neutrophils, play a significant physiological role during normal defense. Their role is not only to kill invading pathogens, but also to act as modulators of global physiological functions of phagosomes. Given the importance of NADPH oxidase in the immune system, its activity has to be decisively controlled by distinctive mechanisms to ensure appropriate regulation at the phagosome. RECENT ADVANCES Here, we describe the signal transduction pathways that regulate phagosomal NADPH oxidase in neutrophils, with an emphasis on the role of lipid metabolism and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization. CRITICAL ISSUES The potential involvement of Ca(2+)-binding S100A8 and S100A9 proteins, known to interact with the plasma membrane NADPH oxidase, is also considered. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Recent technical progress in advanced live imaging microscopy will permit to focus more accurately on phagosomal rather than plasma membrane NADPH oxidase regulation during neutrophil phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bréchard
- Calcium Signaling and Inflammation Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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85
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Hayden JA, Brophy MB, Cunden LS, Nolan EM. High-affinity manganese coordination by human calprotectin is calcium-dependent and requires the histidine-rich site formed at the dimer interface. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:775-87. [PMID: 23276281 PMCID: PMC3575579 DOI: 10.1021/ja3096416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Calprotectin (CP) is a transition metal-chelating antimicrobial protein of the calcium-binding S100 family that is produced and released by neutrophils. It inhibits the growth of various pathogenic microorganisms by sequestering the transition metal ions manganese and zinc. In this work, we investigate the manganese-binding properties of CP. We demonstrate that the unusual His(4) motif (site 2) formed at the S100A8/S100A9 dimer interface is the site of high-affinity Mn(II) coordination. We identify a low-temperature Mn(II) spectroscopic signal for this site consistent with an octahedral Mn(II) coordination sphere with simulated zero-field splitting parameters D = 270 MHz and E/D = 0.30 (E = 81 MHz). This analysis, combined with studies of mutant proteins, suggests that four histidine residues (H17 and H27 of S100A8; H91 and H95 of S100A9) coordinate Mn(II) in addition to two as-yet unidentified ligands. The His(3)Asp motif (site 1), which is also formed at the S100A8/S100A9 dimer interface, does not provide a high-affinity Mn(II) binding site. Calcium binding to the EF-hand domains of CP increases the Mn(II) affinity of the His(4) site from the low-micromolar to the mid-nanomolar range. Metal-ion selectivity studies demonstrate that CP prefers to coordinate Zn(II) over Mn(II). Nevertheless, the specificity of Mn(II) for the His(4) site provides CP with the propensity to form mixed Zn:Mn:CP complexes where one Zn(II) ion occupies site 1 and one Mn(II) ion occupies site 2. These studies support the notion that CP responds to physiological calcium ion gradients to become a high-affinity transition metal ion chelator in the extracellular space where it inhibits microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Hayden
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Megan Brunjes Brophy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Lisa S. Cunden
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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86
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87
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Swangchan-Uthai T, Lavender CRM, Cheng Z, Fouladi-Nashta AA, Wathes DC. Time course of defense mechanisms in bovine endometrium in response to lipopolysaccharide. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:135. [PMID: 23077171 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometritis caused by uterine infection after calving reduces fertility and causes major economic losses to the dairy industry. This study investigated the time course of an inflammatory response in bovine endometrium triggered by exposure to bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mixed endometrial epithelial and stromal cells (9:1 ratio) were grown to confluence as a model system and treated with an optimized dose of 100 ng/ml LPS in vitro. Gene expression responses were measured using quantitative PCR, and gene products were investigated using assays of culture medium and Western blotting. Of 17 candidate genes tested initially, LPS treatment for 24 h up-regulated mRNA expression of TLR4 signaling (TLR4, CD14), cytokines (IL1B, TNF), chemokines (IL8, CXCL5), antimicrobial peptides (LAP, S100A8, S100A9, S100A12), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP13). A 48 h, LPS time course study showed that TNF increased first at 1 h, followed by peak expression of IL1B at 6 h, and those of S100A8, S100A12, and LAP at 12 h. The intracellular S100A8 protein content doubled at 12-24 h but with little excretion into the medium. Regarding prostaglandin biosynthesis, PTGES mRNA was slightly higher after LPS exposure, whereas expression of the PGF synthase AKR1B1 was inhibited. Despite this, LPS treatment stimulated the secretion of both PGE₂ and PGF₂(alpha) to a similar extent. These results suggest that the family of S100 Ca²⁺ binding proteins are released from damaged endometrial cells and may play a major antimicrobial role. Prostaglandin synthesis increased during the uterine infection, but we found no evidence that this was associated with a change in the PGE:PGF ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerawat Swangchan-Uthai
- Reproduction Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, United Kingdom
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88
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Markowitz J, Carson WE. Review of S100A9 biology and its role in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1835:100-9. [PMID: 23123827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
S100A9 is a calcium binding protein with multiple ligands and post-translation modifications that is involved in inflammatory events and the initial development of the cancer cell through to the development of metastatic disease. This review has a threefold purpose: 1) describe the S100A9 structural elements important for its biological activity, 2) describe the S100A9 biology in the context of the immune system, and 3) illustrate the role of S100A9 in the development of malignancy via interactions with the immune system and other cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Markowitz
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 320 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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89
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Achouiti A, Vogl T, Urban CF, Röhm M, Hommes TJ, van Zoelen MAD, Florquin S, Roth J, van 't Veer C, de Vos AF, van der Poll T. Myeloid-related protein-14 contributes to protective immunity in gram-negative pneumonia derived sepsis. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002987. [PMID: 23133376 PMCID: PMC3486918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia-derived sepsis. Myeloid related protein 8 (MRP8, S100A8) and MRP14 (S100A9) are the most abundant cytoplasmic proteins in neutrophils. They can form MRP8/14 heterodimers that are released upon cell stress stimuli. MRP8/14 reportedly exerts antimicrobial activity, but in acute fulminant sepsis models MRP8/14 has been found to contribute to organ damage and death. We here determined the role of MRP8/14 in K. pneumoniae sepsis originating from the lungs, using an established model characterized by gradual growth of bacteria with subsequent dissemination. Infection resulted in gradually increasing MRP8/14 levels in lungs and plasma. Mrp14 deficient (mrp14−/−) mice, unable to form MRP8/14 heterodimers, showed enhanced bacterial dissemination accompanied by increased organ damage and a reduced survival. Mrp14−/− macrophages were reduced in their capacity to phagocytose Klebsiella. In addition, recombinant MRP8/14 heterodimers, but not MRP8 or MRP14 alone, prevented growth of Klebsiella in vitro through chelation of divalent cations. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) prepared from wildtype but not from mrp14−/− neutrophils inhibited Klebsiella growth; in accordance, the capacity of human NETs to kill Klebsiella was strongly impaired by an anti-MRP14 antibody or the addition of zinc. These results identify MRP8/14 as key player in protective innate immunity during Klebsiella pneumonia. Neutrophils are phagocytes that are well known for their capacity to engulf and kill microbial pathogens. It has become increasingly clear that neutrophils also kill or inhibit growth extracellularly by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), chromatin fibers decorated with neutrophil derived proteins. MRP8/14 has been identified as one of the major antimicrobial proteins herein. Previous investigations have shown that endogenously released MRP8/14 is also sensed by the host as a danger signal and able to potentiate the harmful systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Indeed, in the setting of fulminant systemic inflammation, such as induced by endotoxin or Escherichia coli administration, MRP8/14 contributed to organ injury and mortality. The clinical scenario of sepsis however, involves an initial infection at the primary site followed by bacterial spreading to other organs. In the present setting of pneumonia-derived sepsis using the common human respiratory and sepsis pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae MRP8/14 clearly served a beneficial role in antimicrobial defense. We here provide a likely mechanism by showing that MRP8/14 plays a role in phagocytosis and that its presence is critical in both murine and human NETs to inhibit bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Achouiti
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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90
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Brophy MB, Hayden JA, Nolan EM. Calcium ion gradients modulate the zinc affinity and antibacterial activity of human calprotectin. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18089-100. [PMID: 23082970 DOI: 10.1021/ja307974e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calprotectin (CP) is an antimicrobial protein produced and released by neutrophils that inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms by sequestering essential metal nutrients in the extracellular space. In this work, spectroscopic and thermodynamic metal-binding studies are presented to delineate the zinc-binding properties of CP. Unique optical absorption and EPR spectroscopic signatures for the interfacial His(3)Asp and His(4) sites of human calprotectin are identified by using Co(II) as a spectroscopic probe. Zinc competition titrations employing chromophoric Zn(II) indicators provide a 2:1 Zn(II):CP stoichiometry, confirm that the His(3)Asp and His(4) sites of CP coordinate Zn(II), and reveal that the Zn(II) affinity of both sites is calcium-dependent. The calcium-insensitive Zn(II) competitor ZP4 affords dissociation constants of K(d1) = 133 ± 58 pM and K(d2) = 185 ± 219 nM for CP in the absence of Ca(II). These values decrease to K(d1) ≤ 10 pM and K(d2) ≤ 240 pM in the presence of excess Ca(II). The K(d1) and K(d2) values are assigned to the His(3)Asp and His(4) sites, respectively. In vitro antibacterial activity assays indicate that the metal-binding sites and Ca(II)-replete conditions are required for CP to inhibit the growth of both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. Taken together, these data provide a working model whereby calprotectin responds to physiological Ca(II) gradients to become a potent Zn(II) chelator in the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Brunjes Brophy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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91
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Kizawa K, Jinbo Y, Inoue T, Takahara H, Unno M, Heizmann CW, Izumi Y. Human S100A3 tetramerization propagates Ca(2+)/Zn(2+) binding states. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:1712-9. [PMID: 22846892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The S100A3 homotetramer assembles upon citrullination of a specific symmetric Arg51 pair on its homodimer interface in human hair cuticular cells. Each S100A3 subunit contains two EF-hand-type Ca(2+)-binding motifs and one (Cys)3His-type Zn(2+)-binding site in the C-terminus. The C-terminal coiled domain is cross-linked to the presumed docking surface of the dimeric S100A3 via a disulfide bridge. The aim of this study was to determine the structural and functional role of the C-terminal Zn(2+)-binding domain, which is unique to S100A3, in homotetramer assembly. The binding of either Ca(2+) or Zn(2+) reduced the α-helix content of S100A3 and modulated its affinity for the other cation. The binding of a single Zn(2+) accelerated the Ca(2+)-dependent tetramerization of S100A3 while inducing an extensive unfolding of helix IV. The Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) binding affinities of S100A3 were enhanced when the other cation bound in concert with the tetramerization of S100A3. Small angle scattering analyses revealed that the overall structure of the S100A3 tetramer bound both Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) had a similar molecular shape to the Ca(2+)-bound form in solution. The binding states of the Ca(2+) or Zn(2+) to each S100A3 subunit within a homotetramer appear to be propagated by sensing the repositioning of helix III and the rearrangement of the C-terminal tail domain. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kizawa
- Innovative Beauty Science Laboratory, Kanebo Cosmetics Inc., Odawara, Japan.
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92
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Fan B, Zhang LH, Jia YN, Zhong XY, Liu YQ, Cheng XJ, Wang XH, Xing XF, Hu Y, Li YA, Du H, Zhao W, Niu ZJ, Lu AP, Li JY, Ji JF. Presence of S100A9-positive inflammatory cells in cancer tissues correlates with an early stage cancer and a better prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:316. [PMID: 22838504 PMCID: PMC3476982 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background S100A9 was originally discovered as a factor secreted by inflammatory cells. Recently, S100A9 was found to be associated with several human malignancies. The purpose of this study is to investigate S100A9 expression in gastric cancer and explore its role in cancer progression. Methods S100A9 expression in gastric tissue samples from 177 gastric cancer patients was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of its dimerization partner S100A8 and the S100A8/A9 heterodimer were also assessed by the same method. The effect of exogenous S100A9 on motility of gastric cancer cells AGS and BGC-823 was then investigated. Results S100A9 was specifically expressed by inflammatory cells such as macrophages and neutrophils in human gastric cancer and gastritis tissues. Statistical analysis showed that a high S100A9 cell count (> = 200) per 200x magnification microscopic field in cancer tissues was predictive of early stage gastric cancer. High S100A9-positive cell count was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.009) and tumor invasion (P = 0.011). S100A9 was identified as an independent prognostic predictor of overall survival of patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.04). Patients with high S100A9 cell count were with favorable prognosis (P = 0.021). Further investigation found that S100A8 distribution in human gastric cancer tissues was similar to S100A9. However, the number of S100A8-positive cells did not positively correlate with patient survival. The inflammatory cells infiltrating cancer were S100A8/A9 negative, while those in gastritis were positive. Furthermore, exogenous S100A9 protein inhibited migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Conclusions Our results suggested S100A9-positive inflammatory cells in gastric cancer tissues are associated with early stage of gastric cancer and good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Fan
- Department of Surgery, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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93
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Klingberg E, Carlsten H, Hilme E, Hedberg M, Forsblad-d'Elia H. Calprotectin in ankylosing spondylitis--frequently elevated in feces, but normal in serum. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:435-44. [PMID: 22229862 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2011.648953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate indirectly the prevalence of intestinal inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients by assessing the levels of fecal calprotectin, to study levels of serum calprotectin in AS, and to correlate the concentrations of calprotectin in feces and serum with reported gastrointestinal symptoms, medication, and measures of disease activity. METHODS All patients fulfilling the Modified New York criteria of AS at the study centers were invited to participate. The patients answered questionnaires concerning medication, symptoms, and disease activity. Physical examination was performed, including back mobility tests. Samples of stools and blood were collected and analyzed for fecal and serum calprotectin. RESULTS Elevated levels of fecal calprotectin (>50 mg/kg) was found in 140 of 205 AS patients (68%). Levels of fecal calprotectin were associated with increasing age, disease duration, ESR, CRP, and serum calprotectin, but not with gastrointestinal symptoms. Fecal calprotectin was higher in patients using NSAIDs, salicylates, and proton pump inhibitors, but lower in patients using methotrexate and infliximab. Serum calprotectin levels were normal or low in 98% of AS patients and not different from the levels in healthy blood donors. Serum calprotectin levels were positively associated with ESR, CRP, WBC, and PLT. CONCLUSIONS Two-thirds of AS patients had elevated levels of fecal calprotectin, without associated gastrointestinal symptoms. Serum calprotectin was mostly normal in AS, in contrast to various other inflammatory rheumatic diseases. We suggest that fecal calprotectin may be a marker for subclinical intestinal inflammation in AS and should be measured after stopping NSAIDs, but further endoscopic studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klingberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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94
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95
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Vogl T, Gharibyan AL, Morozova-Roche LA. Pro-inflammatory S100A8 and S100A9 proteins: self-assembly into multifunctional native and amyloid complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2893-2917. [PMID: 22489132 PMCID: PMC3317694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13032893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 are EF-hand Ca2+ binding proteins belonging to the S100 family. They are abundant in cytosol of phagocytes and play critical roles in numerous cellular processes such as motility and danger signaling by interacting and modulating the activity of target proteins. S100A8 and S100A9 expression levels increased in many types of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and they are implicated in the numerous disease pathologies. The Ca2+ and Zn2+-binding properties of S100A8/A9 have a pivotal influence on their conformation and oligomerization state, including self-assembly into homo- and heterodimers, tetramers and larger oligomers. Here we review how the unique chemical and conformational properties of individual proteins and their structural plasticity at the quaternary level account for S100A8/A9 functional diversity. Additional functional diversification occurs via non-covalent assembly into oligomeric and fibrillar amyloid complexes discovered in the aging prostate and reproduced in vitro. This process is also regulated by Ca2+and Zn2+-binding and effectively competes with the formation of the native complexes. High intrinsic amyloid-forming capacity of S100A8/A9 proteins may lead to their amyloid depositions in numerous ailments characterized by their elevated expression patterns and have additional pathological significance requiring further thorough investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Röntgenstr. 21, 48149 Muenster, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Anna L. Gharibyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden; E-Mail:
| | - Ludmilla A. Morozova-Roche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +46-90-786-52-83; Fax: +46-90-786-97-95
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96
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Can we reliably predict the development of hospital acquired infections after septic shock? Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2769-71. [PMID: 22094510 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31822d2a54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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97
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Srikrishna G. S100A8 and S100A9: new insights into their roles in malignancy. J Innate Immun 2011; 4:31-40. [PMID: 21912088 DOI: 10.1159/000330095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted key roles played by non-neoplastic host cells of the tumor microenvironment, and by secreted factors from tumor and host cells, in promoting malignancy. In this regard, damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules such as S100A8 and S100A9, with well-known functions in inflammation, have been increasingly recognized not only as markers, but also as new candidates with important roles in modulating tumor growth and metastasis. This review focuses on our current understanding of the pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions of S100A8 and S100A9. Elucidating molecular pathways mediated by these proteins promises to provide potential novel targets for the development of cancer therapeutics and to establish valid biomarkers to identify early stages of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Srikrishna
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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98
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The Crystal Structure of Zebrafish S100Z: Implications for Calcium-Promoted S100 Protein Oligomerisation. J Mol Biol 2011; 411:1072-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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99
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Valenzuela SM, Berkahn M, Porkovich A, Huynh T, Goyette J, Martin DK, Geczy CL. Soluble Structure of CLIC and S100 Proteins Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2011.21002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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100
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Guzmán AQ, Jaramillo Flores ME, Feria JS, Méndez Montealvo MG, Wang YJ. Effects of polymerization changes in maize proteins during nixtamalization on the thermal and viscoelastic properties of masa in model systems. J Cereal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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