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Gaudino M, Di Mauro M, Fremes SE, Di Franco A. Representation of Women in Randomized Trials in Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020513. [PMID: 34350777 PMCID: PMC8475035 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Women have traditionally been underrepresented in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We performed a systematic evaluation of the inclusion of women in cardiac surgery RCTs published in the past 2 decades. Methods and Results MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched (2000 to July 2020) for RCTs written in English, comparing ≥2 adult cardiac surgical procedures. The percentage of women enrolled and its association with year of publication, sample size, mean age, funding source, geographic location, number of sites involved, and interventions tested were analyzed using a meta‐analytic approach. Fifty‐one trials were included. Of 25 425 total patients, 5029 were women (20.8%; 95% CI, 17.6–24.4; range, 0.5%–57.9%). The proportion of women dropped significantly during the study period (29.6% in 2000 versus 13.1% in 2019, P<0.001). Women were significantly more represented in European trials (26.2%; 95% CI, 21.2–31.9), and less represented in trials of coronary bypass surgery versus other interventions (16.8%; 95% CI, 12.3–22.7 versus 33.6%; 95% CI, 27.4–40.5; P=0.0002) and in trials enrolling younger patients (P=0.009); the percentage of women was higher in industry‐sponsored versus non‐industry sponsored trials (31.7%; 95% CI, 27.2–36.6 versus 15.5%; 95% CI, 10.0–23.2; P=0.0004) and was not associated with trial sample size (P=0.52) or study design (multicenter versus monocenter: P=0.22). After exclusion of trials conducted at Veteran Affairs centers, women representation was 24.4% (95% CI, 21.1–28.0; range, 10.4%–57.9%), with no significant changes during the study period. Conclusions The proportion of women in cardiac surgery trials is low and likely inadequate to provide meaningful estimates of the treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York City NY
| | - Michele Di Mauro
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical CentreCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Stephen E Fremes
- Schulich Heart Centre Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Antonino Di Franco
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York City NY
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Gaudino M, Di Franco A, Alexander JH, Bakaeen F, Egorova N, Kurlansky P, Boening A, Chikwe J, Demetres M, Devereaux PJ, Diegeler A, Dimagli A, Flather M, Hameed I, Lamy A, Lawton JS, Reents W, Robinson NB, Audisio K, Rahouma M, Serruys PW, Hara H, Taggart DP, Girardi LN, Fremes SE, Benedetto U. Sex differences in outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Eur Heart J 2021; 43:18-28. [PMID: 34338767 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Data suggest that women have worse outcomes than men after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but results have been inconsistent across studies. Due to the large differences in baseline characteristics between sexes, suboptimal risk adjustment due to low-quality data may be the reason for the observed differences. To overcome this limitation, we undertook a systematic review and pooled analysis of high-quality individual patient data from large CABG trials to compare the adjusted outcomes of women and men. METHODS AND RESULTS The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and repeat revascularization (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, MACCE). The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. Multivariable mixed-effect Cox regression was used. Four trials involving 13 193 patients (10 479 males; 2714 females) were included. Over 5 years of follow-up, women had a significantly higher risk of MACCE [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.21; P = 0.004] but similar mortality (adjusted HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.94-1.14; P = 0.51) compared to men. Women had higher incidence of MI (adjusted HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11-1.52) and repeat revascularization (adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.43) but not stroke (adjusted HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.90-1.52). The difference in MACCE between sexes was not significant in patients 75 years and older. The use of off-pump surgery and multiple arterial grafting did not modify the difference between sexes. CONCLUSIONS Women have worse outcomes than men in the first 5 years after CABG. This difference is not significant in patients aged over 75 years and is not affected by the surgical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Antonino Di Franco
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John H Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Faisal Bakaeen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Carnegie Ave, Cleveland, OH 44103, USA
| | - Natalia Egorova
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paul Kurlansky
- Department of Surgery, Center for Innovation and Outcomes Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andreas Boening
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, , Ludwigstraße 23, Gießen 35390, Germany
| | - Joanna Chikwe
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd #2900A, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michelle Demetres
- Samuel J. Wood Library and C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philip J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Anno Diegeler
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center Bad Neustadt/Saale, Von-Guttenberg-Straße 11, Bad Neustadt/Saale 97616, Germany
| | - Arnaldo Dimagli
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Terrell St, Bristol BS2 8ED, UK
| | - Marcus Flather
- Research and Development Unit, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Ln, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Irbaz Hameed
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andre Lamy
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Lawton
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Wilko Reents
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center Bad Neustadt/Saale, Von-Guttenberg-Straße 11, Bad Neustadt/Saale 97616, Germany
| | - N Bryce Robinson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katia Audisio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Patrick W Serruys
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland, University Rd, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hironori Hara
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland, University Rd, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Taggart
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Leonard N Girardi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen E Fremes
- Schulich Heart Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Hospital Road, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Terrell St, Bristol BS2 8ED, UK
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Simry W, Afifi A. Radial artery as a second conduit gains momentum: The RAPCO trial. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2021; 2021:e202110. [PMID: 34285901 PMCID: PMC8272406 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2021.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the use of an internal mammary artery (IMA) to graft the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) improves survival and reduces the need for repeat revascularization. The other IMA, radial artery (RA), and saphenous vein (SV) have contested to complete the surgical revascularization. For that purpose, SV remains the most commonly used conduit despite current evidence in favor of arterial grafts. To determine which conduit is best for grafting the second most important coronary artery, Buxton and colleagues have recently published the long term results of their "Radial Artery Patency and Clinical Outcomes (RAPCO)" trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Simry
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Aswan Heart Centre, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Afifi
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Aswan Heart Centre, Aswan, Egypt
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Hokkanen M, Huhtala H, Laurikka J, Järvinen O. The effect of postoperative complications on health-related quality of life and survival 12 years after coronary artery bypass grafting - a prospective cohort study. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:173. [PMID: 34127023 PMCID: PMC8200795 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the steady improvements in survival and operative safety, postoperative complications still remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, less is known on the impact of postoperative complications on health-related quality of life (QoL). The main objective of our study was to investigate the impact of postoperative complications on long-term QoL and survival after CABG surgery. METHODS Data of 508 patients, who underwent isolated CABG was prospectively collected. The RAND-36 Health Survey (RAND-36) was used to evaluate patients' QoL status preoperatively, 1 year and 12 years after the surgery. Predefined postoperative complications were reported during primary and secondary hospital stay. QoL and survival analysis were performed primarily on three patient groups: patients with and without complications and patients with major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). RESULTS In total 205(40%) of 508 patients had at least one postoperative complication and 73 (14%) experienced MACCE. Patients' thirty-day, 1-year and 10-year survival rates were, 99, 98, 84% without complications, 97, 95, 72% with complications, and 90, 89, 64% with MACCE, respectively (log-rank p < 0.001). Patients without complications showed significant(p < 0.05) improvements in seven and patients with complications in five out of eight RAND-36 QoL dimensions. All patient groups showed significant improvements in RAND-36 summary scores compared with preoperative values. Patients with complications and especially with MACCE had more profound decline in their RAND-36 summary scores while patients without complications maintained their health status best. CONCLUSIONS Despite the constant deterioration, both patients with and without complications showed improvements even 12 years after CABG compared with preoperative state. Postoperative complications and especially MACCE were associated with impaired long-term QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Hokkanen
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Tays Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
- Faculty of medicine and health technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Laurikka
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Tays Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of medicine and health technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Otso Järvinen
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Tays Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Yokoyama Y, Kuno T, Malik A, Briasoulis A. Outcomes of robotic coronary artery bypass versus nonrobotic coronary artery bypass. J Card Surg 2021; 36:3187-3192. [PMID: 34091953 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robotic coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) has developed in recent decades, however, prior studies showed conflicting result of robotic CABG compared to nonrobotic CABG in terms of mortality, morbidity, and cost. Herein, we sought to analyze the in-hospital outcomes and health care utilization after robotic CABG compared to nonrobotic CABG, based on data from a nationally representative sample. METHODS Patients who underwent CABG were identified using the national inpatient sample. Endpoints were in-hospital outcomes, length of stay, and total cost. Procedure-related complications were identified via international classification of diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 coding and propensity score matching analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 1,204,125 weighted adults underwent nonrobotic CABG and 7355 underwent robotic CABG in the United States between 2012 and 2017. The comparison of 7330 pairs after propensity score matching showed that in-hospital mortality was higher for those who underwent nonrobotic CABG compared to those who underwent robotic CABG (2.1% vs. 1.1%, p = .029). Similarly, the rates of acute kidney injury, transfusion, postoperative hemorrhage, length of stay, and total cost were higher for nonrobotic CABG compared to robotic CABG (all p < .05). The proportions of routine discharges with (34.5% vs. 40.0%) or without (39.7% vs. 45.0%) home health care were higher among those who underwent robotic, whereas the proportion of transfer to skilled nursing facility/nursing home was more frequent for cases of nonrobotic CABG (22.4% vs. 13.4%). CONCLUSION Robotic CABG was associated with lower rates of in-hospital mortality, acute kidney injury, transfusion, postoperative hemorrhage, total cost, and shorter hospital stay compared to nonrobotic CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Toshiki Kuno
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aaqib Malik
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center & New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Section of Heart Failure and Transplant, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Hou X, Zhang K, Liu T, Li Y, Zhao Y, Song B, Huang Z, Xu S, Zheng J, Dong R. The expansion of no-touch harvesting sequential vein graft after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. J Card Surg 2021; 36:2381-2388. [PMID: 33960508 PMCID: PMC8252464 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim of the Study Many studies support that the no‐touch (NT) procedure can improve the patency rate of vein grafts. However, it is not clear that the sequential vein graft early expansion in the NT technique during off‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study will explore this issue. Methods This was a prospective single‐center randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 100 patients undergoing off‐pump CABG with the sequential saphenous graft were randomly assigned to two groups: the NT and conventional (CON) groups. Perioperative and postoperative data were collected during the hospital stay. The mean diameter of sequential grafts was measured using cardiac computed tomography angiography 3 months after the operation. Results There was a significant difference in the average diameter of sequential grafts between the two groups (NT: [2.98 ± 0.42], CON: [3.26 ± 0.51], p = .005). There was no difference in occlusion of sequential venous grafts between the two groups (NT: 4/48 [8.3%], CON: 5/49 [10.2%], p = 1.000). There were differences in surgery time between the two groups (NT: 220 [188,240], CON: 190 [175,230], p = .009). Conclusions The sequential graft early expansion in the NT technique is not as pronounced as that in the conventional technique, which may have a long‐term protective effect on the grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejian Hou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Taoshuai Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bangrong Song
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuhui Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Xu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jubing Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Dong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mohamed MO, Hirji S, Mohamed W, Percy E, Braidley P, Chung J, Aranki S, Mamas MA. Incidence and predictors of postoperative ischemic stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14067. [PMID: 33534146 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the incidence and outcomes of ischemic stroke in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the current era are limited. The goal of this study was to examine contemporary trends, predictors, and outcomes of ischemic stroke following CABG in a large nationally representative database over a 12-year-period. METHODS The National Inpatient Sample was used to identify all adult (≥18 years) patients who underwent CABG between 2004 and 2015. The incidence and predictors of post-CABG ischemic stroke were assessed and in-hospital outcomes of patients with and without post-CABG stroke were compared. RESULTS Out of 2 569 597 CABG operations, ischemic stroke occurred in 47 279 (1.8%) patients, with a rising incidence from 2004 (1.2%) to 2015 (2.3%) (P < .001). Patient risk profiles increased over time in both cohorts, with higher Charlson comorbidity scores observed amongst stroke patients. Stroke was independently associated with higher rates of in-hospital mortality (3-fold), longer lengths of hospital stay (~6 more days), and higher total hospitalisation cost (~$80 000 more). Age ≥60 years and female sex (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.31-1.36) were the strongest predictors of stroke (both P < .001). Further, on-pump CABG was not an independent predictor of stroke (P = .784). CONCLUSION In this nationally representative study we have shown that the rates of postoperative stroke complications following CABG have increased over time to commensurate with a parallel increase in overall baseline patient risks. Given the adverse impact of stroke on in-hospital morbidity and mortality after CABG, further studies are warranted to systematically delineate factors contributing to this striking trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed O Mohamed
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institutes of Applied Clinical Science and Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Sameer Hirji
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walid Mohamed
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Foundation Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Edward Percy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Joshua Chung
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sary Aranki
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institutes of Applied Clinical Science and Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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Nappi F, Bellomo F, Nappi P, Chello C, Iervolino A, Chello M, Acar C. The Use of Radial Artery for CABG: An Update. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5528006. [PMID: 33928147 PMCID: PMC8049807 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5528006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We used the radial artery as a second target conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting since 1971. However, randomized clinical studies have demonstrated differences in clinical outcomes between the radial artery and other grafts because these trials are underpowered. As we proceed toward 50 years of experience with radial artery grafting, we examined the literature to define the best second-best target vessel for coronary artery bypass grafting. The literature was reviewed with emphasis, and a large number of randomized controlled trials, propensity-matched observational series, and meta-analyses were identified with a large patient population who received arterial conduit and saphenous vein grafts. The radial artery has been shown to be effective and safe when used as a second target conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting. Results and patency rates were superior to those for saphenous vein grafting. It has also been shown that the radial artery is a safe and effective graft as a third conduit into the territory of the artery right coronary artery. However, there is little evidence based on a few comparable series limiting the use of the gastroepiploic artery. In its fifth decade of use, we can finally deduced that the aorto-to-coronary radial bypass graft is the conduit of choice for coronary operations after the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord de Saint-Denis, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Nappi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Camilla Chello
- Regenerative Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Adelaide Iervolino
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Italy
| | - Massimo Chello
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Christophe Acar
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, La Pitié Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
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Wang H, Wang H, Wei Y, Li X, Jhummun V, Ahmed MA. Ten-Year Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Suffering from Left Main Coronary Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:1041-1054. [PMID: 33641081 PMCID: PMC7994472 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this meta-analysis, we aimed to systematically compare the 10-year outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffering from left main coronary artery disease (LMCD). METHODS Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov , Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and Google scholar were searched for publications comparing 10-year outcomes of PCI versus CABG in patients with T2DM suffering from LMCD. Cardiovascular outcomes were considered as the clinical endpoints. Statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan software (version 5.4). Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to represent the data after analysis. RESULTS Eight studies (three randomized trials and five observational studies) with a total number of 3835 participants with T2DM were included in this analysis; 2340 participants were assigned to the PCI group and 1495 participants were assigned to the CABG group. Results of this analysis showed that mortality (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-1.00; P = 0.05), myocardial infarction (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35-0.80; P = 0.002), repeated revascularization (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.26-0.46; P = 0.00001), and target vessel revascularization (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.18-0.38; P = 0.00001) were significantly higher with PCI when compared to CABG in these patients with diabetes and LMCD. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were also significantly higher with PCI at 10 years (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.92; P = 0.01). However, CABG was associated with a significantly higher risk of stroke (RR 2.16, 95% CI 1.39-3.37; P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS During a long-term follow-up time period of 10 years, PCI was associated with worse clinical outcomes compared to CABG in these patients with T2DM suffering from LMCD. However, a significantly higher risk of stroke was observed with CABG. This piece of information might be vital in order to carefully choose and prevent complications following revascularization in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyuan Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Vineet Jhummun
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamad A Ahmed
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Palaniappan A, Sellke F. An Analysis of Medical Malpractice Litigations in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting from 1994-2019. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 113:600-607. [PMID: 33794168 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiothoracic surgery is one of the more highly litigated medical specialties, and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) constitutes a substantial portion of cardiothoracic surgery cases. Therefore, understanding litigations relating to CABG would be of benefit to surgeons working to uphold the standards of care that their patients seek and minimize their own legal liability. This study analyzed CABG litigations to identify predictive factors of litigation and verdict type. METHODS This study utilized the Westlaw legal database to compile litigations from 1994-2019 across the United States, and resulted in 307 total litigations. After individual screening, 211 litigations met the criteria for inclusion, and were analyzed for demographic, clinical, chronological, and verdict characteristics. RESULTS Litigations were present in 33 U.S. states, with California, New York, and Florida having the most litigations. Defendant verdicts were reached in 67.78% of litigations, followed by 20.38% of plaintiff verdicts and 11.85% of settlements. Plaintiff verdicts were associated with the incidence of myocardial infarction during hospitalization. The winter season had the most litigations (42.18%), and the most defendant verdicts (37.76%). Patient mortality occurred in 47.39% of litigations. The most common alleged reason for litigation was a procedural error (55.45%). CONCLUSIONS Defendant verdicts were significantly associated with an alleged reason of procedural errors, an alleged reason of a failure to monitor, and congestive heart failure present in patients. The common nature of defendant verdicts, and the significantly greater occurrence of defendant verdicts during the highly-litigated winter season, suggest that surgeons frequently satisfy the legal standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Palaniappan
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Frank Sellke
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Yamamoto K, Natsuaki M, Morimoto T, Shiomi H, Matsumura-Nakano Y, Nakatsuma K, Watanabe H, Yamamoto E, Kato E, Fuki M, Yamaji K, Nishikawa R, Nagao K, Takeji Y, Watanabe H, Tazaki J, Watanabe S, Saito N, Yamazaki K, Soga Y, Komiya T, Ando K, Minatoya K, Furukawa Y, Nakagawa Y, Kadota K, Kimura T. Periprocedural Stroke After Coronary Revascularization (from the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-3). Am J Cardiol 2021; 142:35-43. [PMID: 33279479 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of data on incidence, risk factors, especially clinical severity, and long-term prognostic impact of periprocedural stroke after coronary revascularization in contemporary real-world practice. Among 14,867 consecutive patients undergoing first coronary revascularization between January 2011 and December 2013 (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]: N = 13258, and coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]: N = 1609) in the Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto PCI/CABG registry Cohort-3, we evaluated the details on periprocedural stroke. Periprocedural stroke was defined as stroke within 30 days after the index procedure. Incidence of periprocedural stroke was 0.96% after PCI and 2.13% after CABG (log-rank p <0.001). Proportions of major stroke defined by modified Rankin Scale ≥2 at hospital discharge were 68% after PCI, and 77% after CABG. Independent risk factors of periprocedural stroke were acute coronary syndrome (ACS), carotid artery disease, advanced age, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease after PCI, whereas they were ACS, carotid artery disease, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignancy, and frailty after CABG. There was excess long-term mortality risk of patients with periprocedural stroke relative to those without after both PCI and CABG (hazard ratio 1.71 [1.25 to 2.33], and hazard ratio 4.55 [2.79 to 7.43]). In conclusion, incidence of periprocedural stroke was not negligible not only after CABG, but also after PCI in contemporary real-world practice. Majority of patients with periprocedural stroke had at least mild disability at hospital discharge. ACS and carotid artery disease were independent strong risk factors of periprocedural stroke after both PCI and CABG. Periprocedural stroke was associated with significant long-term mortality risk after both PCI and CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shiomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Matsumura-Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakatsuma
- Department of Cardiology, Mitsubishi Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Erika Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eri Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yamaji
- Department of Cardiology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nishikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nagao
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Takeji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junichi Tazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naritatsu Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Soga
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Komiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kenji Ando
- Department of Cardiology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kenji Minatoya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Furukawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kadota
- Department of Cardiology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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62
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Biaou G, Sebestyen A, Durand M, Albaladejo P, Chavanon O. Early postoperative bleeding after isolated coronary bypasses: Changes over a period of 20 years - An observational study. Transfus Clin Biol 2021; 28:180-185. [PMID: 33578020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives were to analyze the evolution of the postoperative bleeding after coronary artery bypass grafting and to determine which factors impacted on this evolution. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective study including 4590 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery between 1995 and 2017. The study period was divided into 3 same-sized periods. We analyzed the evolution of the bleeding according to: the chest volume bleeding over the first 24hours, the severity and the rate of transfusion during the hospital stay. Intrahospital outcomes were compared between "minor" and "major" bleedings. The risk factors of major bleeding were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The chest volume decreased particularly during the first years of the study period. Major bleedings decreased over the periods (7.3%, 4.9% and 3.8% respectively, P<0.0001), as did the rate of transfusion (26.4%, 23.5% and 19.6% respectively, P<0.0001). Major bleedings were correlated with hospital mortality (8.2% versus 1.1%, P<0.0001). The risk factors of major bleeding were the period 1 (1995 to 2003), a renal failure, a resternotomy, the EuroSCORE, the hematocrit prior to cardiopulmonary bypass and the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative bleeding decreased mainly in the 1990s. Progressive changes in bleeding prevention and blood recovery, surgical techniques, haemoglobin threshold for transfusion decision and practitioners' experience have contributed to these results and must be continued to optimize the postoperative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Biaou
- Cardiac Surgery Department, University Hospital of Grenoble-Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - A Sebestyen
- Cardiac Surgery Department, University Hospital of Grenoble-Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - M Durand
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Grenoble-Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - P Albaladejo
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Grenoble-Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - O Chavanon
- Cardiac Surgery Department, University Hospital of Grenoble-Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
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63
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Goeddel LA, Colao J, Choi CW, Stulak JM, Ramakrishna H. Comparison of Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With Arterial Versus Venous Conduits. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:599-607. [PMID: 33674202 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Goeddel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joseph Colao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chun W Choi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - John M Stulak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Harish Ramakrishna
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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McNichols B, Spratt JR, George J, Rizzi S, Manning EW, Park K. Coronary Artery Bypass: Review of Surgical Techniques and Impact on Long-Term Revascularization Outcomes. Cardiol Ther 2021; 10:89-109. [PMID: 33515370 PMCID: PMC8126527 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-021-00211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary revascularization for multivessel disease remains a common and costly source of hospitalizations in the United States. Surgical techniques influence outcomes for coronary bypass and also affect the need for percutaneous coronary intervention in the future. As more radial access has been used for coronary angiography, consideration for use of the radial artery as a surgical conduit remains unclear. Saphenous vein grafts are commonly used for coronary bypass, however long-term patency remains suboptimal, and is also associated with a higher risk of adverse events with percutaneous coronary intervention. Thus, understanding the interplay between coronary bypass techniques and percutaneous coronary intervention has become increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian McNichols
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John R Spratt
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jerin George
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Scott Rizzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eddie W Manning
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ki Park
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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65
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Dimitriadis S, Qian E, Irvine A, Harky A. Secondary Prevention Medications Post Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery-A Literature Review. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:310-320. [PMID: 33514291 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420987445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Secondary prevention after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is imperative in slowing the progression of atherosclerosis in both native and grafted vessels. Aspirin and statins remain the key medications for all patients without significant contraindications. The evidence for dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel is less convincing, but there is hope for newer antiplatelet agents, such as ticagrelor. Meanwhile, β-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors might only offer benefits to specific sub-groups. Post-CABG patients appear to have different medication needs to the general cardiovascular patient and respond differently. In this review, we cover the drug regimens proposed by recent guidelines and the evidence behind their use. Assessing the evidence behind these recommendations, we find that there is an unmet need in some areas for robust population-specific evidence. We hope that future research will address this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Dimitriadis
- 12205Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Evelyn Qian
- 12205Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Irvine
- 12205Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amer Harky
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 8959Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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66
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Amirjamshidi H, Sauer JS, Barrus B, Knight PA, Prasad SM. A Novel Subxiphoid Approach for Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Harvesting. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2021; 16:175-180. [PMID: 33470874 DOI: 10.1177/1556984520981060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) bypass can enable more complete arterial revascularization procedures. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) can offer significant patient benefits. New minimally invasive technology for sternal retraction and tissue manipulation is needed to enable ergonomic and reliable minimally invasive ITA harvesting. The goal of this research was to develop technology and techniques, along with experimental testing and training models, for a sternal-sparing approach to in situ BITA harvesting through a small subxiphoid access site. METHODS This study focused on optimizing custom equipment and methods for subxiphoid BITA harvesting initially in a porcine model (19 pig carcasses, 36 ITAs) and subsequently in 7 cadavers (14 ITAs). RESULTS Fifty consecutive ITAs were successfully harvested using this remote access approach. The last 20 ITA specimens harvested from the porcine model were explanted and measured; the average length of the free ITA grafts was 12.8 ± 0.9 cm (range 10.8 to 14.2 cm) with a mean time of 23.3 ± 5.2 minutes (range 13 to 25 minutes) for each harvest. CONCLUSIONS Early results demonstrate that both ITAs can be reliably harvested in a skeletonized fashion in situ through sternal-sparing, small subxiphoid access in 2 experimental models. This innovative approach warrants further exploration toward facilitating complete arterial revascularization and the further adoption of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Amirjamshidi
- 6923 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jude S Sauer
- 6923 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,479880 LSI SOLUTIONS, Victor, NY, USA
| | - Bryan Barrus
- 6923 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Knight
- 6923 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sunil M Prasad
- 6923 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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67
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Mejia OAV, Borgomoni GB, Lima EG, Guerreiro GP, Dallan LR, de Barros E Silva P, Nakazone MA, Junior OP, Gomes WJ, de Oliveira MAP, Sousa A, Campagnucci VP, Tiveron MG, Rodrigues AJ, Tineli RÂ, Rocha E Silva R, Lisboa LAF, Jatene FB. Most deaths in low-risk cardiac surgery could be avoidable. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1045. [PMID: 33441748 PMCID: PMC7806717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is observed that death rates in cardiac surgery has decreased, however, root causes that behave like triggers of potentially avoidable deaths (AD), especially in low-risk patients (less bias) are often unknown and underexplored, Phase of Care Mortality Analysis (POCMA) can be a valuable tool to identify seminal events (SE), providing valuable information where it is possible to make improvements in the quality and safety of future procedures. Our results show that in São Paul State, only one third of AD in low-risk cardiac surgery was related to specific surgical problems. After a revisited analysis, 75% of deaths could have been avoided, which in the pre-operative phase, the SE was related judgment, patient evaluation and preparation. In the intra-operative phase, most occurrences could have been avoided if other surgical technique had been used. Sepsis was responsible for 75% of AD in the intensive care unit. In the ward phase, the recognition/management of clinical decompensations and sepsis were the contributing factors. Logistic regression model identified age, previous coronary stent implantation, coronary artery bypass grafting + heart valve surgery, ≥ 2 combined heart valve surgery and hospital-acquired infection as independent predictors of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Asdrúbal Vilca Mejia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto do Coração (INCOR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Samaritano Paulista, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabrielle Barbosa Borgomoni
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto do Coração (INCOR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Gomes Lima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto do Coração (INCOR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pampolha Guerreiro
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto do Coração (INCOR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Roberto Dallan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto do Coração (INCOR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Barros E Silva
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Samaritano Paulista, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Arruda Nakazone
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital De Base de São José do Rio Preto, São José de Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orlando Petrucci Junior
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter José Gomes
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Sousa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Pelisser Campagnucci
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gradim Tiveron
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alfredo José Rodrigues
- Departament of Cardiovascular Surgery, Universidade de São Paulo Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ângelo Tineli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Rocha E Silva
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Paulo Sacramento, Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Ferreira Lisboa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto do Coração (INCOR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Biscegli Jatene
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto do Coração (INCOR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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68
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Shah SMA, Rehman MU, Awan NI, Jan A. To determine the frequency of stroke and common factors leading to it after coronary artery bypass grafting. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:261-266. [PMID: 33437288 PMCID: PMC7794131 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.1.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of stroke and common factors leading to it after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS This study was conducted at Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. Study design was descriptive cross sectional study and the duration of the study was six months. The total sample size was 183 cases using 8.3% frequency of stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting, 95% confidence interval, 4% margin of error, using WHO sample size calculator. RESULTS In this study mean age was 45 years with SD ± 1.26. Seventy five percent patients were male while 46(25%) females. Six patients (3%) patients had stroke while 177(97%) patients did not have any stroke. Among the six patients who were analyzed, all of them had Diabetes Mellitus and 50% patients had recent AMI, while only one patient had prior history of Atrial Fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes Mellitus is an independent risk factor for stroke after CABG surgery. whereas, recent MI is also associated with increased incidence of stroke in post CABG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Mumtaz Anwar Shah
- Dr. Sayed Mumtaz Anwar Shah, FCPS. Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Dr. Mujeeb Ur Rehman, MS. Senior Medical Officer, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Nabil I Awan
- Dr. Nabil I Awan MBBS. Post-Graduate Resident, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Azam Jan
- Dr. Azam Jan, ABTS, Head of Department, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
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69
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Addis DR, Townsley MM. Implications of Carotid Arterial Plaque Assessment by Ultrasound for the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologist: An Overview of the 2020 American Society of Echocardiography Recommendations for the Assessment of Carotid Arterial Plaque by Ultrasound for the Characterization of Atherosclerosis and Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 35:987-990. [PMID: 33431270 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Addis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL; UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Matthew M Townsley
- Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL; Division of Congenital Cardiac Anesthesiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL; Bruno Pediatric Heart Center, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
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70
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Filardo G, Pollock BD, da Graca B, Sass DM, Phan TK, Montenegro DE, Ailawadi G, Thourani VH, Damiano RJ. Lower Survival After Coronary Artery Bypass in Patients Who Had Atrial Fibrillation Missed by Widely Used Definitions. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2020; 4:630-637. [PMID: 33367207 PMCID: PMC7749274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the impact of limiting the definition of post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) atrial fibrillation (AF) to AF/flutter requiring treatment-as in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons' (STS) database- on the association with survival. Patients and Methods We assessed in-hospital incidence of post-CABG AF in 7110 consecutive isolated patients with CABG without preoperative AF at 4 hospitals (January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2010). Patients with ≥1 episode of post-CABG AF detected via continuous in-hospital electrocardiogram (ECG)/telemetry monitoring documented by physicians were assigned to the following: Group 1, identified as having post-CABG AF in STS data and Group 2, not identified as having post-CABG AF in STS data. Patients without documented post-CABG AF constituted Group 3. Survival was compared via a Cox model, adjusted for STS risk of mortality and accounting for site differences. Results Over 7 years' follow-up, 16.0% (295 of 1841) of Group 1, 18.7% (79 of 422) of Group 2, and 7.9% (382 of 4847) of Group 3 died. Group 2 had a significantly greater adjusted risk of death than both Group 1 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.33) and Group 3 (HR: 1.94; 95% CI, 1.69 to 2.22). Conclusions The statistically significant 16% higher risk of death for patients with AF post-CABG missed vs captured in STS data suggests treatment and postdischarge management should be investigated for differences. The historical misclassification of "missed" patients as experiencing no AF in the STS data weakens the ability to observe differences in risk between patients with and without post-CABG AF. Therefore, STS data should not be used for research examining post-CABG AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Filardo
- Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Epidemiology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, TX.,Robbins Institute for Health Policy & Leadership, Baylor University, Waco, TX.,The Heart Hospital Baylor Plano, Plano, TX
| | | | - Briget da Graca
- Robbins Institute for Health Policy & Leadership, Baylor University, Waco, TX.,Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX
| | - Danielle M Sass
- Department of Epidemiology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, TX
| | - Teresa K Phan
- Department of Epidemiology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Gorav Ailawadi
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Vinod H Thourani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute and Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Ralph J Damiano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO
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Leviner DB, Zafrir B, Jaffe R, Saliba W, Flugelman MY, Sharoni E. Impact of Modifiable Risk Factors on Long-Term Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 69:592-598. [PMID: 33260234 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors control and secondary prevention measures are often reported to be suboptimal in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and may lead to worse clinical outcomes. We aimed to examine potentially modifiable risk factors in patients undergoing CABG and investigate their association with long-term coronary events. METHODS Cardiovascular risk factors were recorded preoperatively in the setting of a cardiac catheterization laboratory and were analyzed in relation to long-term coronary events, defined as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or revascularization after CABG. RESULTS Study population included 1,125 patients undergoing CABG without previous revascularization. Modifiable risk factors included hypertension (71%), hyperlipidemia (67%), diabetes (42%), obesity (28%), and smoking (21%). Only 8% did not have any of the five risk factors. During the mean follow-up of 93 ± 52 months after CABG, 179 patients (16%) experienced a coronary event. Incidence rates were higher in patients with than without the presence of each of the modifiable risk factors, except obesity. Active smoking (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1.07-2.13); p = 0.020), presence of diabetes (HR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.18-2.18; p = 0.002), and hyperlipidemia (HR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.45-3.14; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of future coronary events after CABG; they also displayed a progressive stepwise increment in the risk of long-term coronary events when cumulatively present. CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing CABG, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, as documented preoperatively, were potentially modifiable risk factors that were independently and cumulatively associated with long-term risk of ACS or coronary revascularization, highlighting the importance of early identification and risk factors control for improving cardiovascular health after CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror B Leviner
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carmel Medical Center Cardiovascular Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Barak Zafrir
- Department of Cardiology, Carmel Medical Center Cardiovascular Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronen Jaffe
- Department of Cardiology, Carmel Medical Center Cardiovascular Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Walid Saliba
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center Cardiovascular Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moshe Y Flugelman
- Department of Cardiology, Carmel Medical Center Cardiovascular Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Erez Sharoni
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carmel Medical Center Cardiovascular Center, Haifa, Israel
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72
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Hirji S, Shah R, Shah S, Okoh A, Seese L, Yazdchi F, Aranki S, Shekar P, Kaneko T. Wound complications and 30-day readmissions after single and bilateral internal mammary grafting: Analysis of the Nationwide Readmissions Database. J Card Surg 2020; 36:74-81. [PMID: 33135295 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compares the postoperative outcomes, 30-day readmission rates, and incidence of sternal wound infection-related readmissions between patients receiving bilateral internal mammary arteries (BIMA) and single internal mammary artery (SIMA) grafting during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS We utilized the weighted 2013-2014 National Readmission Database claims to identify all US adult patients who underwent CABG utilizing SIMA (n = 279,891) or BIMA (n = 11,651). Thirty-day overall and wound-related readmissions, in-hospital outcomes, costs, lengths of stay (LOS) at readmissions were compared between the two groups. Predictors of 30-day readmission were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS After propensity matching (n = 10,339 pairs), there were no significant differences between the two groups during the index hospitalization, except for higher total hospital costs in the BIMA group (p = .02). The incidence of wound infections was also comparable between BIMA and SIMA (1.1% vs. 1.2%; p = .50). At 30-days, the overall readmission rate was elevated in SIMA patients (9.5% vs. 8.8%; p < .01), primarily impacted by cardiovascular causes. While the proportion of 30-day readmissions due to infections was significantly higher among BIMA versus SIMA patients (20.4% vs. 15.9%; p < .01), wound infections during the index hospitalization did not predict all-cause 30-day readmission among BIMA patients (p = .24) in the risk-adjusted analysis. Among the readmitted patients, LOS (6.4 vs. 6.2 days), costs ($14,440 vs. $16,461), and in-hospital mortality (2.4% vs. 1.7%) were comparable between the two groups (all p > .05). CONCLUSIONS BIMA grafting is not an independent predictor of all-cause 30-day readmissions. Cardiovascular causes remain the primary driver of 30-day readmissions among SIMA and BIMA patients after CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Hirji
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rohan Shah
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shawn Shah
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexis Okoh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, RWJ Barnabas Health, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Laura Seese
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Farhang Yazdchi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sary Aranki
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prem Shekar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Kaneko
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Bayer N, Hart WM, Arulampalam T, Hamilton C, Schmoeckel M. Is the Use of BIMA in CABG Sub-Optimal? A Review of the Current Clinical and Economic Evidence Including Innovative Approaches to the Management of Mediastinitis. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 26:229-239. [PMID: 32921659 PMCID: PMC7641892 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.ra.19-00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has traditionally been limited. This review looks at the recent outcome data on BIMA in CABG focusing on the management of risk factors for mediastinitis, one of the potential barriers for more extensive BIMA utilization. A combination of pre-, intra- and postoperative strategies are essential to reduce mediastinitis. Limited data indicate that the incidence of mediastinitis can be reduced using closed incision negative-pressure wound therapy as a part of these strategies with the possibility of offering patients best treatment options by extending BIMA to those with a higher risk of mediastinitis. Recent economic data imply that the technology may challenge the current low uptake of BIMA by reducing the short-term cost differentials between single internal mammary artery and BIMA. Given that most published randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses of observational long-term outcome data favor BIMA, if short-term complications of BIMA including mediastinitis can be controlled adequately, there may be opportunities for more extensive use of BIMA leading to improved long-term outcomes. An ongoing study looking at BIMA in high-risk patients may provide evidence to support the hypothesis that mediastinitis should not be a factor in limiting the use of BIMA in CABG.
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74
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Mori M, Wang Y, Murugiah K, Khera R, Gupta A, Vallabhajosyula P, Masoudi FA, Geirsson A, Krumholz HM. Trends in Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery for Older Adults in the United States, 1998 to 2017. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016980. [PMID: 33045889 PMCID: PMC7763387 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The likelihood of undergoing reoperative coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is important for older patients who are considering first-time CABG. Trends in the reoperative CABG for these patients are unknown. Methods and Results We used the Medicare fee-for-service inpatient claims data of adults undergoing isolated first-time CABG between 1998 and 2017. The primary outcome was time to first reoperative CABG within 5 years of discharge from the index surgery, treating death as a competing risk. We fitted a Cox regression to model the likelihood of reoperative CABG as a function of patient baseline characteristics. There were 1 666 875 unique patients undergoing first-time isolated CABG and surviving to hospital discharge. The median (interquartile range) age of patients did not change significantly over time (from 74 [69-78] in 1998 to 73 [69-78] in 2017); the proportion of women decreased from 34.8% to 26.1%. The 5-year rate of reoperative CABG declined from 0.77% (95% CI, 0.72%-0.82%) in 1998 to 0.23% (95% CI, 0.19%-0.28%) in 2013. The annual proportional decline in the 5-year rate of reoperative CABG overall was 6.6% (95% CI, 6.0%-7.1%) nationwide, which did not differ across subgroups, except the non-white non-black race group that had an annual decline of 8.5% (95% CI, 6.2%-10.7%). Conclusions Over a recent 20-year period, the Medicare fee-for-service patients experienced a significant decline in the rate of reoperative CABG. In this cohort of older adults, the rate of declining differed across demographic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Mori
- Section of Cardiac SurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenCT
- Center for Outcomes Research and EvaluationYale New Haven HospitalNew HavenCT
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Outcomes Research and EvaluationYale New Haven HospitalNew HavenCT
- Department of BiostatisticsT.H. Chan School of Public HealthHarvard UniversityBostonMA
| | - Karthik Murugiah
- Center for Outcomes Research and EvaluationYale New Haven HospitalNew HavenCT
| | - Rohan Khera
- Division of CardiologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
- Present address:
Center for Outcomes Research and EvaluationYale New Haven HospitalNew HavenCT
- Present address:
Section of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenCT
| | - Aakriti Gupta
- Center for Outcomes Research and EvaluationYale New Haven HospitalNew HavenCT
- Division of CardiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | | | | | - Arnar Geirsson
- Section of Cardiac SurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenCT
| | - Harlan M. Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and EvaluationYale New Haven HospitalNew HavenCT
- Section of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenCT
- Department of Health Policy and ManagementYale School of Public HealthNew HavenCT
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75
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Olufajo OA, Wilson A, Zeineddin A, Williams M, Aziz S. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Older Adults: Patterns, Outcomes, and Trends. J Surg Res 2020; 258:345-351. [PMID: 33069392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the numbers of older adults in the US are rapidly increasing, there is sparse recent data on the use and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) among this population. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of older adults undergoing CABG and to measure temporal trends. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using data from the National Inpatient Sample (2005-2014), patients aged 85 y and older who underwent CABG were selected. Demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics were extracted. Outcomes measured were hospital mortality, hospital length of stay, discharge home, and operative complications. Patients were grouped by 2-year increments. Differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes over time were evaluated using trend analyses. RESULTS There were 60,124 patients included in the cohort. The mean age was 86.8 y with majority being men (61%), white (88%), and treated in teaching hospitals (61%). Over the study period, the annual surgical volume decreased from 6689 in 2005/06 to 5150 in 2013/14. Mortality decreased from 8.5% to 5.5% (P-trend <0.001) and mean hospital length of stay decreased from 13.9 d to 12.0 d (P-trend <0.001), whereas the rate of discharge home remained stable (14.1% versus 11.6%, P-trend = 0.056). Compared with patients in 2005/06, those in 2013/14 had higher comorbidities [diabetes: 27.6% versus 17.3%; chronic kidney disease: 29.8% versus 9.2%; peripheral artery disease: 7.5% versus 6.0%; and hypertension: 83.7% versus 64.5% (all P-trend <0.001)]. CONCLUSIONS CABG volumes are decreasing among older adults, and comorbidity burden is increasing, but outcomes are improving. These data may indicate improved preoperative optimization and better perioperative care processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubode A Olufajo
- Department of Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ahmad Zeineddin
- Department of Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Mallory Williams
- Department of Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Salim Aziz
- Department of Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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Buxton BF, Hayward PA, Raman J, Moten SC, Rosalion A, Gordon I, Seevanayagam S, Matalanis G, Benedetto U, Gaudino M, Hare DL, Gaer J, Negri J, Komeda M, Bellomo R, Doolan L, McNicol L, Brennan J, Chan R, Clark D, Dick R, Dortimer A, Ecclestone D, Farouque O, Fernando D, Horrigan M, Jackson A, Oliver L, Mehta N, Nadurata V, Nadarajah N, Proimos G, Rowe M, Sia B, Webb C, Anaveker N, Barlis P, Calafiore P, Chan B, Cotroneo J, Johns J, Jones E, Kertes P, O’Donnell D, Sylviris S, Tonkin A, Fabini R, Kearney L, Lim R, Molan M, Smith G, Wellman C, Eng J, Hameed I, Shaw M, Gerbo S. Long-Term Results of the RAPCO Trials. Circulation 2020; 142:1330-1338. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.045427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
An internal thoracic artery graft to the left anterior descending artery is standard in coronary bypass surgery, but controversy exists on the best second conduit. The RAPCO trials (Radial Artery Patency and Clinical Outcomes) were designed to compare the long-term patency of the radial artery (RA) with that of the right internal thoracic artery (RITA) and the saphenous vein (SV).
Methods:
In RAPCO-RITA (the RITA versus RA arm of the RAPCO trial), 394 patients <70 years of age (or <60 years of age if they had diabetes mellitus) were randomized to receive RA or free RITA graft on the second most important coronary target. In RAPCO-SV (the SV versus RA arm of the RAPCO trial), 225 patients ≥70 years of age (or ≥60 years of age if they had diabetes mellitus) were randomized to receive RA or SV graft. The primary outcome was 10-year graft failure. Long-term mortality was a nonpowered coprimary end point. The main analysis was by intention to treat.
Results:
In the RA versus RITA comparison, the estimated 10-year patency was 89% for RA versus 80% for free RITA (hazard ratio for graft failure, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.23–0.88]). Ten-year patient survival estimate was 90.9% in the RA arm versus 83.7% in the RITA arm (hazard ratio for mortality, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.30–0.95]). In the RA versus SV comparison, the estimated 10-year patency was 85% for the RA versus 71% for the SV (hazard ratio for graft failure, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.15–1.00]), and 10-year patient survival estimate was 72.6% for the RA group versus 65.2% for the SV group (hazard ratio for mortality, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.47–1.22]).
Conclusions:
The 10-year patency rate of the RA is significantly higher than that of the free RITA and better than that of the SV.
Registration:
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00475488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F. Buxton
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (B.F.B., J.R., S.C.M., S.S., G.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences (B.F.B., P.A.H., J.R., A.R., S.S., G.M., D.L.H.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip A. Hayward
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences (B.F.B., P.A.H., J.R., A.R., S.S., G.M., D.L.H.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jai Raman
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (B.F.B., J.R., S.C.M., S.S., G.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences (B.F.B., P.A.H., J.R., A.R., S.S., G.M., D.L.H.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon C. Moten
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (B.F.B., J.R., S.C.M., S.S., G.M.)
| | - Alexander Rosalion
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences (B.F.B., P.A.H., J.R., A.R., S.S., G.M., D.L.H.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian Gordon
- Statistical Consulting Centre (I.G.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Siven Seevanayagam
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (B.F.B., J.R., S.C.M., S.S., G.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences (B.F.B., P.A.H., J.R., A.R., S.S., G.M., D.L.H.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - George Matalanis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (B.F.B., J.R., S.C.M., S.S., G.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences (B.F.B., P.A.H., J.R., A.R., S.S., G.M., D.L.H.), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (U.B.)
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.G.)
| | - David L. Hare
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences (B.F.B., P.A.H., J.R., A.R., S.S., G.M., D.L.H.), University of Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia (D.L.H.)
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Boyd JH. Commentary: Keep your friends close. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:100-101. [PMID: 33008576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack H Boyd
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
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78
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Ranney DN, Williams JB, Albrecht ÁS, Li S, Kalil RAK, Peterson ED, Lopes RD. Insulin Use and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 35:666-674. [PMID: 33118731 PMCID: PMC7598983 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2019-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe insulin use and postoperative glucose control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods We examined 2,390 patients with and without diabetes enrolled in the Contemporary Analysis of Perioperative Cardiovascular Surgical Care (CAPS-Care) Study who underwent CABG surgery (01/2004 - 06/2005) to describe postoperative insulin use, variation in insulin use across different hospitals, and associated in-hospital complications and clinical outcomes. Logistic regression was used to assess the adjusted relationship between insulin use and clinical outcomes. Results Overall, insulin was used in 82% (n=1,959) of patients, including 95% (n=1,203) with diabetes (n=1,258) and 67% (n=756) without diabetes (n=1,132). Continuous insulin was used in 35.5% of patients in the operating room and in 56% in the intensive care unit. Continuous insulin use varied significantly among centers from 8-100% in patients with diabetes. When compared with all patients not receiving insulin, insulin use in patients without diabetes was associated with a higher rate of death or major complication (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-2.04; P=0.003). In patients with diabetes, insulin use was not associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes (adjusted OR=1.01; 95% CI 0.52-1.98; P=0.98). Conclusion The postoperative use of insulin is high among CABG patients in the United States of America. Insulin use in patients without diabetes was associated with worse clinical outcomes compared to patients (both with and without diabetes) who did not receive insulin. Further investigation is needed to determine the optimal use of postoperative insulin after CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Ranney
- Duke Clinical Research Institute Durham North Carolina United States of America Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.,Duke University School of Medicine North Carolina United States of America Duke University School of Medicine, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Judson B Williams
- Duke Clinical Research Institute Durham North Carolina United States of America Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.,Duke University School of Medicine North Carolina United States of America Duke University School of Medicine, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Álvaro S Albrecht
- Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Shuang Li
- Duke Clinical Research Institute Durham North Carolina United States of America Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Renato A K Kalil
- Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Department of Cardiology Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Department of Cardiology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eric D Peterson
- Duke Clinical Research Institute Durham North Carolina United States of America Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.,Duke University School of Medicine North Carolina United States of America Duke University School of Medicine, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Renato D Lopes
- Duke Clinical Research Institute Durham North Carolina United States of America Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.,Duke University School of Medicine North Carolina United States of America Duke University School of Medicine, North Carolina, United States of America.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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79
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Temporal improvements in perioperative stroke rates following coronary artery bypass grafting. Curr Opin Cardiol 2020; 35:679-686. [DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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80
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Sareh S, Toppen W, Ugarte R, Sanaiha Y, Hadaya J, Seo YJ, Aguayo E, Shemin R, Benharash P. Impact of Early Tracheostomy on Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery: A National Analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 111:1537-1544. [PMID: 32979372 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence supporting its early use in respiratory failure, tracheostomy is often delayed in cardiac surgical patients given concerns for sternal infection. This study assessed national trends in tracheostomy creation among cardiac patients and evaluated the impact of timing to tracheostomy on postoperative outcomes. METHODS We used the 2005 to 2015 National Inpatient Sample to identify adults undergoing coronary revascularization or valve operations and categorized them based on timing of tracheostomy: early tracheostomy (ET) (postoperative days 1-14) and delayed tracheostomy (DT) (postoperative days 15-30). Temporal trends in the timing of tracheostomy were analyzed, and multivariable models were created to compare outcomes. RESULTS An estimated 33,765 patients (1.4%) required a tracheostomy after cardiac operations. Time to tracheostomy decreased from 14.8 days in 2005 to 13.9 days in 2015, sternal infections decreased from 10.2% to 2.9%, and in-hospital death also decreased from 23.3% to 15.9% over the study period (all P for trend <.005). On univariate analysis, the ET cohort had a lower rate of sternal infection (5.2% vs 7.8%, P < .001), in-hospital death (16.7% vs 22.9%, P < .001), and length of stay (33.7 vs 43.6 days, P < .001). On multivariable regression, DT remained an independent predictor of sternal infection (adjusted odds ratio, 1.35; P < .05), in-hospital death (odds ratio, 1.36; P < .001), and length of stay (9.1 days, P < .001), with no difference in time from tracheostomy to discharge between the 2 cohorts (P = .40). CONCLUSIONS In cardiac surgical patients, ET yielded similar postoperative outcomes, including sternal infection and in-hospital death. Our findings should reassure surgeons considering ET in poststernotomy patients with respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Sareh
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Surgery, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - William Toppen
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ramsey Ugarte
- Department of Surgery, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Yas Sanaiha
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph Hadaya
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Young Ji Seo
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Esteban Aguayo
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard Shemin
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peyman Benharash
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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81
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Perioperative safety of simultaneous off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with non-cardiac surgery of moderate-to-severe severity. Coron Artery Dis 2020; 32:411-417. [PMID: 32976242 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the perioperative safety of simultaneous off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) with non-cardiac surgery. METHODS From September 2013 to January 2019, patients who underwent OPCABG surgery in the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital were included in this retrospective study. A total of 54 patients who underwent simultaneous surgery were defined as simultaneous surgery group. A total of 108 patients who had recently undergone isolated OPCABG surgery, and had similar vascular reconstruction methods were selected for matching, and these patients were defined as the OPCABG group. The general data and laboratory indicators were detected and were used as baseline data, and the EuroSCORE II scoring system was used to evaluate the surgical risk of patients based on these data. During surgery, intraoperative indicators were assessed and evaluated during surgery. In addition, evaluation of postoperative indicators was performed, including mechanical ventilation time, residence time in ICU, and proportion of perioperative myocardial infarction, perioperative stroke, postoperative renal failure, and surgical wound infection. RESULTS All the combined non-cardiac surgeries were assessed to be of moderate-to-severe grade by operative severity scoring system. The analysis of intraoperative indicators showed that there were no significant differences in proportion of emergency or urgent surgery, cases of arterial and venous anastomosis, and proportion of intraoperative blood transfusion between two groups (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, the values of operation time and intraoperative blood loss of patients in simultaneous surgery group were significantly higher than that in OPCABG group (P < 0.05). No perioperative death events occurred in this study. In terms of postoperative indicators, the values of operation duration and intraoperative blood loss of patients in simultaneous surgery group were significantly higher than that in OPCABG group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous OPCABG surgery with non-cardiac surgeries of moderate-to-severe severity may not be associated with increased postoperative risks when compared with isolated OPCABG.
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Bifari AE, Sulaimani RK, Khojah YS, Almaghrabi OS, AlShaikh HA, Al-Ebrahim KE. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients: Comparison Between Two Periods. Cureus 2020; 12:e10561. [PMID: 33101808 PMCID: PMC7577304 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Information showing risk factor trends in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft in Saudi Arabia is scarce. Thus, we aimed to compare cardiovascular risk factors among coronary artery bypass graft patients between two periods: 2012 and 2018. Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on hospital records at a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia. The medical records of 72 patients in 2012 and 111 patients in 2018 were reviewed. The study included all patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting for the first time. The chi-square test and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis; P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The mean (SD) of the patient age was 61.21 (9.74) years in the first period and 58.01 (11.14) years in the second period. The number of patients who smoked was significantly higher in the second period of the study (14.3% in the first period; 27.0% in the second period; P < 0.001). The study also showed an increase in hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the second period compared to the first (70% vs 71.2% and 68.6% vs 72.1%, respectively), and a reduction in the percentage of patients with hypercholesterolemia (18.3% vs 17.1%). However, these findings were non-significant. Conclusions The percentage of smokers was significantly higher in the second period of this research as a consequence of cultural variation and because of the popularity of water-pipe smoking in the society. We recommend the need for increased awareness regarding smoking and the implementation of smoking-cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas E Bifari
- Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Rakan K Sulaimani
- Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Yaser S Khojah
- Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Hesham A AlShaikh
- Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Guha A, Dey AK, Kalra A, Gumina R, Lustberg M, Lavie CJ, Sabik JF, Addison D. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Cancer Patients: Prevalence and Outcomes in the United States. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1865-1876. [PMID: 32861331 PMCID: PMC7860624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the contemporary efficacy and utilization patterns of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in specific cancer types. METHODS We leveraged the data from the National Inpatient Sample and plotted trends of utilization and outcomes of isolated CABG (with no other additional surgeries during the same hospitalization) procedures from January 1, 2003, through September 1, 2015. Propensity score matching was used to assess for potential differences in outcomes by type of cancer status among contemporary (2012-2015) patients. RESULTS Overall, the utilization of CABG decreased over time (250,677 in 2003 vs 134,534 in 2015, P<.001). However, the proportion of those with comorbid cancer increased (7.0% vs 12.6%, P<.001). Over time, in-hospital mortality associated with CABG use in cancer remained unchanged (.9% vs 1.0%, P=.72); yet, cancer patients saw an increase in associated major bleeding (4.5% vs 15.3%, P<.001) and rate of stroke (.9% vs 1.5%, P<.001) over time. In-hospital cost-of-care associated with CABG-use in cancer also increased over time ($29,963 vs $33,636, P<.001). When stratified by cancer types, in-hospital mortality was not higher in breast, lung, prostate, colon cancer, or lymphoma versus non-cancer CABG patients (all P>.05). However, there was a significantly higher prevalence of major bleeding but not stroke in patients with breast and prostate cancer only compared with non-cancer CABG patients (P<.01). Discharge dispositions were not found to be different between cancer sub-groups and non-cancer patients (P>.05), except for breast cancer patients who had lower home care, but higher skilled care disposition (P<.001). CONCLUSION Among those undergoing CABG, the prevalence of comorbid cancer has steadily increased. Outside of major bleeding, these patients appear to share similar outcomes to those without cancer indicating that CABG utilization should be not be declined in cancer patients when otherwise indicated. Further research into the factors underlying the decision to pursue CABG in specific cancer sub-groups is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avirup Guha
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Division of Medical Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Amit K Dey
- Division of Cardiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ankur Kalra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Richard Gumina
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Division of Medical Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Joseph F Sabik
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Daniel Addison
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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Akşit E, Kurt T, Büyük B, Çokkalender Ö. Drug-eluting Vein Graft with Acetylsalicylic Acid-Ticagrelor-Unfractionated Heparin Complex Inhibits Early Graft Thrombosis. Balkan Med J 2020; 37:269-275. [PMID: 32353222 PMCID: PMC7424184 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2020.1.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bypass graft surgery remains to be an important treatment option for left main and multivessel coronary artery disease. Approximately 2% of saphenous vein grafts are lost immediately after the coronary artery bypass graft operations and 12% in the first month due to thrombosis. Aims To administer one anticoagulant and two antiplatelet agents in a way that locally affects the vein graft before the bypass operation and to thereby analyse their effects on early graft thrombosis. Study Design Animal experimentation. Methods Since ticagrelor was used locally for the first time in this study, its efficacy in combination with other drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid and ticagrelor, and acetylsalicylic acid + ticagrelor + unfractionated heparin) was examined on rats including control (untreated) and sham (pluronic gel) group (n=14 for each group). Before the tunica adventitia layer of the femoral veins was bypassed to the femoral artery, it was coated with the drug-eluting pluronic F-127 gel. The presence or absence of thrombus in the vein graft samples was recorded under light microscopy. In vein graft preparations where thrombus was detected, the thrombus area (μm2) was calculated using the Axiovision software. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with the anti-rat von Willebrand factor polyclonal antibody kit. Results The number of preparations containing thrombus was significantly lower in the acetylsalicylic acid + ticagrelor + unfractionated heparin group than in the acetylsalicylic acid, control, and sham groups, according to the comparisons made on the 1st and 3rd days (p=0.001 and 0.02, respectively). von Willebrand factor staining was significantly lower in the acetylsalicylic acid + ticagrelor + unfractionated heparin group than in the other groups on the 3rd day (p=0.005). Conclusion Locally effective acetylsalicylic acid-ticagrelor-unfractionated heparin complex has been shown to significantly reduce thrombus formation in vein grafts in this experimental model. Local administration of these drugs, which are routinely administered orally just before stent implantations, on the vein graft before the bypass is performed can prevent the loss of vein grafts due to thrombus, thereby reducing the mortality and morbidity of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Akşit
- Department of Cardiology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Tolga Kurt
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Başak Büyük
- Department of Histology and Embryology, İzmir Demokrasi University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ömer Çokkalender
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, 25 Aralık State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Matthews CR, Millward JB, Faiza Z, Namburi N, Timsina L, Hess PJ, Corvera JS, Everett JE, Beckman DJ, Lee LS. Outcomes of Surgical Coronary Revascularization Performed Before Solid Abdominal Organ Transplants. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 111:568-575. [PMID: 32652071 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac risk stratification and coronary angiography are routinely performed as part of kidney and liver transplant candidacy evaluation. There are limited data on the outcomes of surgical coronary revascularization in this patient population. This study investigated outcomes in patients with end- stage renal or hepatic disease who were undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to attain kidney or liver transplant candidacy. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent isolated CABG at our institution, Indiana University School of Medicine (Indianapolis, IN), between 2010 and 2016. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: pretransplant (those undergoing surgery to attain renal or hepatic transplant candidacy) and nontransplant (all others). Baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared between the groups. RESULTS A total of 1801 patients were included: 28 in the pretransplant group (n = 22, kidney; n = 7, liver) and 1773 in the nontransplant group. Major adverse postoperative outcomes were significantly greater in the pretransplant group compared with the nontransplant group: 30-day mortality (14.3% vs 2.8%; P = .009), neurologic events (17.9% vs 4.8%; P = .011), reintubation (21.4% vs 5.8%; P = .005), and total postoperative ventilation (5.2 hours vs 5.0 hours; P = .0124). The 1- and 5-year mortality in the pretransplant group was 17.9% and 53.6%, respectively. Of the pretransplant cohort, 3 patients (10.7%) underwent organ transplantation (all kidney) at a mean 436 days after CABG. No patients underwent liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes after CABG in pre-kidney transplant and pre-liver transplant patients are poor. Despite surgical revascularization, most patients do not ultimately undergo organ transplantation. Revascularization strategies and optimal management in this high-risk population warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb R Matthews
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James B Millward
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Zainab Faiza
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Niharika Namburi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lava Timsina
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Philip J Hess
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joel S Corvera
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jeffrey E Everett
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Daniel J Beckman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lawrence S Lee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Lan NSR, Ali U, Fegan PG, Larbalestier R, Hitchen SA, Hort A, Yeap BB. Short-term outcomes following coronary artery bypass graft surgery in insulin treated and non-insulin treated diabetes: A tertiary hospital experience in Australia. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:455-458. [PMID: 32371190 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery have improved due to advances in surgical technique and post-operative care. We aimed to describe contemporary clinical characteristics and short-term post-operative outcomes in diabetic patients undergoing CABG surgery. METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent CABG surgery over a 4.5-year period in a Western Australian tertiary hospital was performed in September 2019. The cohort was stratified according to pre-operative diabetes status. RESULTS A total of 1327 patients underwent CABG surgery, of which 572 (43.1%) had diabetes. Diabetic patients were more likely to be female (24.7% vs. 13.9%, p < 0.001) and have dyslipidaemia (83.0% vs. 68.1%, p < 0.001), hypertension (82.0% vs. 68.7%, p < 0.001), raised body mass index (29.8 ± 5.6 vs. 28.7 ± 5.1 kg/m2, p < 0.001), prior myocardial infarction (62.8% vs. 54.8%, p = 0.004), prior stroke (8.6% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.010), congestive cardiac failure (20.2% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.014), reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (86.7 ± 36.1 vs. 90.8 ± 32.1 ml/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.036) and three-vessel coronary artery disease (74.8% vs. 67.3%, p = 0.003). Post-operative wound infections (3.1% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.022), new dialysis requirement (2.9% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.009) and 30-day hospital admission (13.1% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.007) was more likely in diabetic patients, but not myocardial infarction (3.0% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.247), stroke (1.4% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.286) or 30-day mortality (2.4% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.354). No significant differences were detected in short-term outcomes between patients with non-insulin (n = 398) versus insulin treated (n = 174) diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients continue to represent a higher-risk cohort, highlighting the need for further strategies to reduce short-term adverse outcomes following CABG surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick S R Lan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Umar Ali
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - P Gerry Fegan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Larbalestier
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A Hitchen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Adam Hort
- Department of Pharmacy, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
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Rong LQ, Rahouma M, Lopes A, Devereux RB, Kim J, Pryor KO, Girardi LN, Weinsaft JW, Gaudino MFL. Differential myocardial strain in the early postoperative period in patients receiving arterial vs venous bypass grafts: A hypothesis-generating study. J Card Surg 2020; 35:1824-1831. [PMID: 32579770 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Revascularization via coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains a common therapy for coronary artery disease. CABG-based revascularization is most commonly performed via either single arterial graft (SAG) or multiple arterial grafting (MAG) strategies. Echo-derived global and regional longitudinal strain was used to test where SAG or MAG results in immediate differences in left ventricular (LV) function after CABG. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre- and postprocedural intraoperative transesophageal echos were prospectively collected. Two-dimensional LV images were analyzed for global and regional longitudinal strain (GLS), LV ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and stroke volume (SV). RESULTS Twenty patients underwent open, on-pump CABG (63.9 ± 10 years old, 85% male; 10 with SAG and 10 with MAG. Preprocedural GLS significantly differed between patients with SAG and MAG, with patients with MAG having greater GLS (mean [standard deviation, SD], 20.41 [5.54]) than patients with SAG (16.28 [3.48]). After CABG, in patients with MAG, LV strain decreased both globally (-1.13 [3.15]) and regionally in the anterior-lateral (-1.22 [3.84]) and inferior-lateral regions (-1.32 [5.69]), along with LVEF. In patients with SAG, LV strain increased after CABG globally (1.34 [2.73]) and regionally in the anterior-lateral (1.20 [6.49]) and inferior-lateral regions (0.39 [7.26]), as did LVEF and SV. Postprocedure, more patients with MAG were given vasopressor (100% vs 60%) and inotrope infusions (70% vs 40%) than patients with SAG. CONCLUSIONS After CABG, LV function quantified through GLS changes both globally and regionally increased after SAG and decreased after MAG. This finding may have important clinical implications in terms of optimizing intraoperative management for patients with CABG and have the potential to guide the improvement of clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Q Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Mohammed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra Lopes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Richard B Devereux
- Department of Cardiology/Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Kane O Pryor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Leonard N Girardi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan W Weinsaft
- Department of Cardiology/Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Mario F L Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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Ragnarsson S, Janiec M, Modrau IS, Dreifaldt M, Ericsson A, Holmgren A, Hultkvist H, Jeppsson A, Sartipy U, Ternström L, Per Vikholm M, de Souza D, James S, Thelin S. No-touch saphenous vein grafts in coronary artery surgery (SWEDEGRAFT): Rationale and design of a multicenter, prospective, registry-based randomized clinical trial. Am Heart J 2020; 224:17-24. [PMID: 32272256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The SWEDEGRAFT study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03501303) tests the hypothesis that saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) harvested with the "no-touch" technique improves patency of coronary artery bypass grafts compared with the conventional open skeletonized technique. This article describes the rationale and design of the randomized trial and baseline characteristics of the population enrolled during the first 9 months of enrollment. The SWEDEGRAFT study is a prospective, binational multicenter, open-label, registry-based trial in patients undergoing first isolated nonemergent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), randomized 1:1 to no-touch or conventional open skeletonized vein harvesting technique, with a planned enrollment of 900 patients. The primary end point is the proportion of patients with graft failure defined as SVGs occluded or stenosed >50% on coronary computed tomography angiography at 2 years after CABG, earlier clinically driven coronary angiography demonstrating an occluded or stenosed >50% vein graft, or death within 2 years. High-quality health registries and coronary computed tomography angiography are used to assess the primary end point. The secondary end points include wound healing in the vein graft sites and the composite outcome of major adverse cardiac events during the first 2 years based on registry data. Demographics of the first 200 patients enrolled in the trial and other CABG patients operated in Sweden during the same time period are comparable when the exclusion criteria are taken into consideration. RCT# NCT03501303.
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89
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Guenther TM, Chen SA, Balkhy HH, Kiaii B. Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: The Whole 9 Yards. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2020; 15:204-210. [DOI: 10.1177/1556984520922931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Guenther
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, David Grant USAF Medical Center, Fairfield, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A. Chen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Husam H. Balkhy
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, IL, USA
| | - Bob Kiaii
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Zia A, Hasan M, Ilyas S, Siddiqui HU, Tappuni B, Marsia S, Zubair MM, Raza S, Mustafa RR, Baloch ZQ, Deo SV, Sharma UM, Sheikh MA. Reining in Sternal Wound Infections: The Achilles' Heel of Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2020; 21:323-331. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2018.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Zia
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marium Hasan
- Department of Urology, The Kidney Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Ilyas
- Department of Medicine, Detroit Medical Center/Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Hafiz Umair Siddiqui
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bassman Tappuni
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shayan Marsia
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M. Mujeeb Zubair
- Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sajjad Raza
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rami R. Mustafa
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Salil V. Deo
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Umesh M. Sharma
- Community Division of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mohammad Adil Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, Detroit Medical Center/Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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91
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Ter Woorst J, Sjatskig J, Soliman-Hamad M, Akca F, Haanschoten M, van Straten A. Evolution of perioperative blood transfusion practice after coronary artery bypass grafting in the past two decades. J Card Surg 2020; 35:1220-1227. [PMID: 32353903 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Transfusion of blood products after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the perioperative use of blood products in patients undergoing CABG in our institution over the past two decades. METHODS The study included 18 992 patients who underwent isolated CABG at our hospital between 1998 and 2017. Baseline characteristics of patients and the number of perioperative transfusions during their hospital stay (including red blood cells [RBCs], platelets, and fresh frozen plasma [FFP]) were assessed. Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for perioperative transfusion. RESULTS The rates of perioperative RBC transfusion decreased for all patients undergoing isolated CABG (52.1% in 1998 vs 18.6% in 2017) in our institution. The mean number of transfused RBC units was significantly higher in women than in men (1.57 ± 2.2 vs 0.68 ± 1.84; P < .005); this difference remained significant over the years. After adjusting the results for other risk factors, female sex was a significant independent risk factor for perioperative RBC transfusion. The platelet transfusion rate increased over the past two decades (1.4% in 1998 vs 9.7% in 2017). The number of FFP transfusions remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Over the past two decades, we observed a decrease in the incidence of perioperative RBC transfusions in patients undergoing isolated CABG, whereas platelet transfusions increased. Female sex was an independent predictor of perioperative RBC transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Ter Woorst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jelena Sjatskig
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Soliman-Hamad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdi Akca
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Haanschoten
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Straten
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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92
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Marteinsson SA, Heimisdóttir AA, Axelsson TA, Johannesdottir H, Arnadottir LO, Gardarsdottir HR, Johnsen A, Sigurdsson MI, Helgadottir S, Gudbjartsson T. Reoperation for bleeding following coronary artery bypass surgery with special focus on long-term outcomes. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2020; 54:265-273. [PMID: 32351135 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2020.1751265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We studied the incidence and risk factors of reoperation for bleeding following CABG in a nationwide cohort with focus on long-term complications and survival. Design: A retrospective study on 2060 consecutive, isolated CABG patients operated 2001-2016. Outcome of reoperated patients (n = 130) were compared to non-reoperated ones (n = 1930), including major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and overall survival. Risk factors for reoperation were determined using multivariate logistic regression and a Cox proportional hazards model to assess prognostic factors of long-term survival. Median follow-up was 7.6 years. Results: One hundred thirty patients (6.3%) were reoperated with an annual decrease of 4.1% per year over the study period (p=.04). Major complications (18.5 vs. 9.6%) and 30-day mortality (8.5 vs. 1.9%,) were higher in the reoperation group (p<.001). The use of clopidogrel preoperatively (OR 3.62, 95% CI: 1.90-6.57) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (OR 2.23, 95% CI: 1.25-3.77) were the strongest predictors of reoperation, whereas off-pump surgery was associated with a lower reoperation risk (OR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22-0.85). After exluding patients that died within 30 days postoperatively, no difference in long-term survival or freedom from MACCE was found between groups, and reoperation was not an independent risk factor for long-term mortality in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The reoperation rate in this study was relatively high but decreased significantly over time. Reoperation was associated with twofold increased risk for major complications and fourfold 30-day mortality, but comparable long-term MACCE and survival rates. This implies that if patients survive the first 30 days following reoperation, their long-term outcome is comparable to non-reoperated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomas A Axelsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hera Johannesdottir
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Linda O Arnadottir
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Helga R Gardarsdottir
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arni Johnsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Martin I Sigurdsson
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Solveig Helgadottir
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Gudbjartsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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93
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Jawitz OK, Gulack BC, Brennan JM, Thibault DP, Wang A, O'Brien SM, Schroder JN, Gaca JG, Smith PK. Association of postoperative complications and outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting. Am Heart J 2020; 222:220-228. [PMID: 32105988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term effects of postoperative complications following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are unknown. METHODS Medicare-linked records from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database were queried for isolated CABG records from 2007 through 2012. Unadjusted and adjusted associations between individual postoperative complications and both mortality and all-cause rehospitalization were evaluated to 7 years using Cox proportional-hazards models and cumulative incidence functions. Because of nonproportional hazards, associations are presented as early (0 to 90 days) and late (90 days to 7 years). RESULTS Of the 294,533 isolated CABG patients who had records linked to Medicare for long-term follow-up (median age, 73 years; 30% female), 120,721 (41%) experienced at least 1 of the complications of interest, including new-onset atrial fibrillation (30.0%), prolonged ventilation (12.3%), renal failure (4.5%), reoperation (3.5%), stroke (1.9%), and sternal wound infection (0.4%). Each of the 6 postoperative complications was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality and rehospitalization to 7 years despite adjustment for baseline characteristics and the presence of multiple complications. Although the predominant effect of postoperative complications was observed in the first 90 days, the increased risk-adjusted hazard for death and rehospitalization continued through 7 years. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative complications are associated with an increased risk of both early and late mortality and all-cause rehospitalization, particularly during the "value" window within 90 days of CABG. These findings underscore the need to develop avoidance strategies as well as cost-adjustment methods for each of these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver K Jawitz
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.
| | - Brian C Gulack
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - J Matthew Brennan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Alice Wang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - Jacob N Schroder
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jeffrey G Gaca
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Peter K Smith
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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94
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Ji Q, Zhao Y, Liu H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Ding W, Xia L, Wei L, Wang C. Impacts of Skeletonized Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Bypass Grafting on the Risk of Deep Sternal Wound Infection. Int Heart J 2020; 61:201-208. [PMID: 32173697 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.19-311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This single-center study aimed to evaluate the incidence of deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) following skeletonized bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) harvest in a Chinese cohort. Using propensity score matching, this study also provided a present-day assessment of the impacts of skeletonized BIMA grafting versus skeletonized single internal mammary artery (SIMA) grafting on early outcomes.From January 2014 to December 2017, 2403 eligible patients were entered into either a BIMA group (n = 368) or a SIMA group (n = 2035). The incidence of DSWI was recorded. Analysis of early outcomes was further performed for propensity score-matched (1:1) cohorts.The BIMA group received a similar incidence of DSWI as did the SIMA group (1.6% versus 0.9%, P = 0.247). No significant differences between subgroup diabetic-BIMA, subgroup nondiabetic-BIMA, subgroup diabetic-SIMA, and subgroup nondiabetic-SIMA were found regarding the incidence of DSWI (2.0%, 1.4%, 1.0%, and 0.7%, respectively; P > 0.05 between groups). After matching, treatment type (skeletonized BIMA grafting versus skeletonized SIMA grafting) was not an independent risk factor for postoperative DSWI (OR = 1.309, 95% CI 0.897-2.714, P = 0.704) or predictors of other early outcomes. Additionally, the two matched groups shared similar early outcomes (including postoperative DSWI), regardless of whether or not the merger with diabetes (all P > 0.05).Skeletonized BIMA harvest as compared with skeletonized SIMA harvest was not associated with an increased risk of DSWI, regardless of whether or not the merger with diabetes. Patients with skeletonized BIMA grafting received similar surgical mortality and major postoperative morbidity as did matched patients with skeletonized SIMA grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ji
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University
| | - Yun Zhao
- Shanghai Municipal Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University
| | - YuLin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University
| | - WenJun Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University
| | - LiMin Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University
| | - ChunSheng Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases
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95
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Jovin DG, Katlaps GJ, Sumption KF. Coronary artery bypass graft markers: history, usage, and effects. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 68:453-458. [DOI: 10.1007/s11748-020-01325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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96
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Di Mauro M, Di Baldassarre A. Commentary: Born vein, you cannot die artery! JTCVS Tech 2020; 1:53-54. [PMID: 34317712 PMCID: PMC8288623 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Mauro
- Department of Heart Disease, SS Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
- Address for reprints: Michele Di Mauro, MD, PhD, MSc Biostat, Heart Disease Department, SS Annunziata Hospital, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. D'Annunzio,” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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97
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Zhang J, Cheng Y, Chen D, Zhang F, Duan S, Chen L, Chen C, Sang Y, Shi L, Yang W, Chen Y. Is the result of modified Allen’s test still accurate after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy? J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:696-704. [PMID: 32274135 PMCID: PMC7139016 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The radial artery (RA) is increasingly being used for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) has been shown to block innervation of sympathetic nerves of upper limbs, which reduces sweating of hands and dilates blood vessels. The modified Allen’s test (MAT) is one of the commonest methods of assessing collateral arm flow prior to RA harvest, though it has limitations. However, the reliability of MAT after ETS remains unclear. We therefore investigated the effects of ETS on the results of MAT. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 164 consecutive Chinese patients with palmar hyperhidrosis who underwent ETS between January 2016 and January 2019. The medical records were reviewed concerning the ultrasound examination and MAT results of their RAs and ulnar arteries (UAs) in both forearms before and after ETS. Results The performance of ETS significantly increased the diameter of the right RA from 2.731±0.122 to 3.102±0.114 mm in men and from 2.347±0.074 to 2.915±0.162 mm in women. Similar effects of ETS were observed in expanding the diameters of the left RA and the UA. Meanwhile, there was no significant effect of ETS on systolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Overall, retesting of patients following ETS with a preoperative positive MAT result revealed a transition to a negative result. Conclusions ETS was effective in dilating RA in both men and women, which could lead to a false negative preoperative MAT result. Patients should be questioned about their history of ETS if their RAs are to be harvested for CABG. More studies are warranted to evaluate the safety of RA as a coronary artery graft after ETS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yuanjun Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, People’s Hospital of Chizhou, Chizhou 247100, China
| | - Donglai Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yonghua Sang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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98
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Wang H, Bilbao MS, Miller SL, O’Donnell CT, Boyd JH. Endoscopic Radial Artery Harvesting During Anesthesia Line Placement Reduces the Time and Cost of Multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2020; 15:43-50. [DOI: 10.1177/1556984519882014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Endoscopic radial artery (RA) harvesting performed concurrently with internal mammary artery (IMA) takedown and endoscopic saphenous vein (SV) harvesting creates a crowded and inefficient operating room environment. We assessed the effect of a presternotomy RA harvest strategy on surgery time and costs. Methods A total of 41 patients underwent elective, first-time, isolated multivessel on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting including an IMA, RA, and SV graft. The first 20 patients (Phase I) underwent endoscopic RA harvesting concurrently with IMA takedown and endoscopic SV harvesting after sternotomy, requiring two sets of endoscopic harvesting equipment per case, each used by a separate individual. The final 21 patients (Phase II) underwent endoscopic RA harvesting during anesthesia line placement, completing the procedure before sternotomy, thus requiring only one set of endoscopic harvesting equipment reused by a single individual. Results There were no differences in baseline patient characteristics, number of bypasses, duration of SV or RA harvest time, or duration of cardiopulmonary bypass or cross-clamp time between the two groups. Total surgery time was reduced by 32 minutes in Phase II ( P = 0.044). Relative to a total hospital direct cost of 100.00 units, total surgery costs were reduced from 29.33 units in Phase I to 25.62 units in Phase II ( P = 0.001). No anesthesia- or RA harvest-related complications occurred in either group. Conclusions Endoscopic RA harvesting can be safely performed during anesthesia line placement prior to sternotomy. Our simple but innovative strategy improves intraoperative workflow, reduces the time and cost of surgery, and advances the delivery of high-quality patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary S. Bilbao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shari L. Miller
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christian T. O’Donnell
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jack H. Boyd
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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99
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Hao GW, Ma GG, Liu BF, Yang XM, Zhu DM, Liu L, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhuang YM, Luo Z, Tu GW. Evaluation of two intensive care models in relation to successful extubation after cardiac surgery. Med Intensiva 2020; 44:27-35. [PMID: 30146128 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes between intensivist-directed and cardiac surgeon-directed care delivery models. DESIGN This retrospective, historical-control study was performed in a cohort of adult cardiac surgical patients at Zhongshan Hospital (Fudan University, China). During the first phase (March to August 2015), cardiac surgeons were in charge of postoperative care while intensivists were in charge during the second phase (September 2015-June 2016). Both phases were compared regarding successful extubation rate, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital mortality. SETTING Tertiary Zhongshan Hospital (Fudan University, China). PATIENTS Consecutive adult patients admitted to the cardiac surgical ICU (CSICU) after heart surgery. INTERVENTIONS Phase I patients treated by cardiac surgeons, and phase II patients treated by intensivists. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST Successful extubation, ICU LOS and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS A total of 1792 (phase I) and 3007 patients (phase II) were enrolled. Most variables did not differ significantly between the two phases. However, patients in phase II had a higher successful extubation rate (99.17% vs. 98.55%; p=0.043) and a shorter median duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) (18 vs. 19h; p<0.001). In relation to patients with MV duration >48h, those in phase II had a comparatively higher successful extubation rate (p=0.033), shorter ICU LOS (p=0.038) and a significant decrease in in-hospital mortality (p=0.039). CONCLUSIONS The intensivist-directed care model showed improved rates of successful extubation and shorter MV durations after cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-W Hao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - G-G Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - B-F Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China
| | - X-M Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - D-M Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Y-M Zhuang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Z Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - G-W Tu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Synchronous Carotid Endarterectomy and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft versus Staged Carotid Artery Stenting and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft for Patients with Concomitant Severe Coronary and Carotid Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 62:463-473.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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