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Zheng JJ, Que QY, Xu HT, Luo DS, Sun Z, Ni JS, Que HF, Ma J, Wu D, Shi H. Hypoxia Activates SOX5/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling by Suppressing MiR-338-3p in Gastric Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820905825. [PMID: 32216582 PMCID: PMC7119234 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820905825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are known to be important in a variety of cancer types. The specific expression and roles of miR-338-3p in the context of gastric cancer, however, remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that miR-338-3p was expressed significantly lower in established/primary human gastric cancer cells than that in human gastric epithelial cells; miR-338-3p is also decreased in human gastric cancer tissues and was positively associated with the worse prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Enforced expression of miR-338-3p could inhibit cell growth, survival, and proliferation, while inducing cell apoptosis. In addition, miR-338-3p negatively regulated SOX5 expression through directly binding to the 3′-untranslated region of SOX5, and an inverse correlation was found between miR-338-3p and SOX5 messenger RNA expression in gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, miR-338-3p-induced inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was greatly abrogated by SOX5 upregulation. Finally, we found that hypoxic conditions were linked with reduced miR-338-3p expression in the context of gastric cancer. In conclusion, miR-338-3p acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer, possibly by directly targeting SOX5 and blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These findings might provide novel therapeutic targets for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zheng
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Que
- Breast Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - de-Sheng Luo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Ni
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Feng Que
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Shi
- Gastroenterology Department, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Long-Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) in Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6030027. [PMID: 32640630 PMCID: PMC7549355 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is dangerous for oxygen-dependent cells, therefore, physiological adaption to cellular hypoxic conditions is essential. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the main regulator of hypoxic metabolic adaption reducing oxygen consumption and is regulated by gradual von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-dependent proteasomal degradation. Beyond physiology, hypoxia is frequently encountered within solid tumors and first drugs are in clinical trials to tackle this pathway in cancer. Besides hypoxia, cancer cells may promote HIF expression under normoxic conditions by altering various upstream regulators, cumulating in HIF upregulation and enhanced glycolysis and angiogenesis, altogether promoting tumor proliferation and progression. Therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial to discover potential future therapeutic targets to evolve cancer therapy. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are a class of non-protein coding RNA molecules with a length of over 200 nucleotides. They participate in cancer development and progression and might act as either oncogenic or tumor suppressive factors. Additionally, a growing body of evidence supports the role of lncRNAs in the hypoxic and normoxic regulation of HIF and its subunits HIF-1α and HIF-2α in cancer. This review provides a comprehensive update and overview of lncRNAs as regulators of HIFs expression and activation and discusses and highlights potential involved pathways.
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Talebian S, Daghagh H, Yousefi B, Ȍzkul Y, Ilkhani K, Seif F, Alivand MR. The role of epigenetics and non-coding RNAs in autophagy: A new perspective for thorough understanding. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111309. [PMID: 32634442 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a major self-degradative intracellular process required for the maintenance of homeostasis and promotion of survival in response to starvation. It plays critical roles in a large variety of physiological and pathological processes. On the other hand, aberrant regulation of autophagy can lead to various cancers and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Crohn's disease. Emerging evidence strongly supports that epigenetic signatures, related non-coding RNA profiles, and their cross-talking are significantly associated with the control of autophagic responses. Therefore, it may be helpful and promising to manage autophagic processes by finding valuable markers and therapeutic approaches. Although there is a great deal of information on the components of autophagy in the cytoplasm, the molecular basis of the epigenetic regulation of autophagy has not been completely elucidated. In this review, we highlight recent research on epigenetic changes through the expression of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), which regulate autophagy, DNA methylation, histone modifications as well as non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and their relationship with human diseases, that play key roles in causing autophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Talebian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Daghagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yusuf Ȍzkul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Khandan Ilkhani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Lee TJ, Yuan X, Kerr K, Yoo JY, Kim DH, Kaur B, Eltzschig HK. Strategies to Modulate MicroRNA Functions for the Treatment of Cancer or Organ Injury. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:639-667. [PMID: 32554488 PMCID: PMC7300323 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.019026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and organ injury-such as that occurring in the perioperative period, including acute lung injury, myocardial infarction, and acute gut injury-are among the leading causes of death in the United States and impose a significant impact on quality of life. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been studied extensively during the last two decades for their role as regulators of gene expression, their translational application as diagnostic markers, and their potential as therapeutic targets for disease treatment. Despite promising preclinical outcomes implicating miRNA targets in disease treatment, only a few miRNAs have reached clinical trials. This likely relates to difficulties in the delivery of miRNA drugs to their targets to achieve efficient inhibition or overexpression. Therefore, understanding how to efficiently deliver miRNAs into diseased tissues and specific cell types in patients is critical. This review summarizes current knowledge on various approaches to deliver therapeutic miRNAs or miRNA inhibitors and highlights current progress in miRNA-based disease therapy that has reached clinical trials. Based on ongoing advances in miRNA delivery, we believe that additional therapeutic approaches to modulate miRNA function will soon enter routine medical treatment of human disease, particularly for cancer or perioperative organ injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: MicroRNAs have been studied extensively during the last two decades in cancer and organ injury, including acute lung injury, myocardial infarction, and acute gut injury, for their regulation of gene expression, application as diagnostic markers, and therapeutic potentials. In this review, we specifically emphasize the pros and cons of different delivery approaches to modulate microRNAs, as well as the most recent exciting progress in the field of therapeutic targeting of microRNAs for disease treatment in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Lee
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith Kerr
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Dong H Kim
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.J.L., K.K., J.Y.Y., D.H.K., B.K.) and Anesthesiology (X.Y., H.K.E.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Kuo TC, Kung HJ, Shih JW. Signaling in and out: long-noncoding RNAs in tumor hypoxia. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:59. [PMID: 32370770 PMCID: PMC7201962 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recognized as key regulators of gene expression at chromatin, transcriptional and posttranscriptional level with pivotal roles in various biological and pathological processes, including cancer. Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment, profoundly affects gene expression and is tightly associated with cancer progression. Upon tumor hypoxia, the central regulator HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) is upregulated and orchestrates transcription reprogramming, contributing to aggressive phenotypes in numerous cancers. Not surprisingly, lncRNAs are also transcriptional targets of HIF and serve as effectors of hypoxia response. Indeed, the number of hypoxia-associated lncRNAs (HALs) identified has risen sharply, illustrating the expanding roles of lncRNAs in hypoxia signaling cascade and responses. Moreover, through extra-cellular vesicles, lncRNAs could transmit hypoxia responses between cancer cells and the associated microenvironment. Notably, the aberrantly expressed cellular or exosomal HALs can serve as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide an update of the current knowledge about the expression, involvement and potential clinical impact of lncRNAs in tumor hypoxia, with special focus on their unique molecular regulation of HIF cascade and hypoxia-induced malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Chun Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC.,Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Wen Shih
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC. .,Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC. .,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC. .,Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
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Xu Z, Lv H, Wang Y, Hu C, Chen S, Du Y, Shi C, Cheng X. HAND2-AS1 Inhibits Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells Proliferation and Aerobic Glycolysis via miRNAs Sponge. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3053-3068. [PMID: 32431548 PMCID: PMC7200253 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s222878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the effect of lncRNA HAND2-AS1 on gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) cell property and explore its specific mechanism. Methods Data on stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) were analyzed to screen differentially expressed lncRNA HAND2-AS1. RNA22-HAS database and dual luciferase reporter assay were applied to confirm the target relationship between HAND2-AS1/HIF3A and miR-184. The HAND2-AS1 and miR-184 expressions in tissue or cells were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Besides, after GA cells (AGS) cultured in normoxic and hypoxic condition, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and lactic acid were quantified by Phosphoenolpyruvate Fluorometric Assay Kit and Lactic Acid Detection kit, respectively. Additionally, colony formation assay, transwell invasion and migration assays were used to evaluate the abilities of cell invasion, migration, and proliferation in distinct conditions. Results The HAND2-AS1 and HIF3A expressions were down-regulated and miR-184 expression was up-regulated in GA tissues and cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed HAND2-AS1 and HIF3A were targeted by miR-184. AGS cell proliferation abilities were restrained by HAND2-AS1 and HIF3A overexpression and enhanced by miR-184, as well as migration and invasion abilities. In addition, HAND2-AS1 rescued enhanced AGS cell proliferation, cell migration, cell invasion abilities and glycolytic process caused by hypoxia via miR-184/HIF3A. Conclusion LncRNA HAND2-AS1 could inhibit GA cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities and glycolytic process induced by hypoxia through miR-184/HIF3A signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou 300020, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou 300020, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangqi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yian Du
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
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Sørensen BS, Horsman MR. Tumor Hypoxia: Impact on Radiation Therapy and Molecular Pathways. Front Oncol 2020; 10:562. [PMID: 32373534 PMCID: PMC7186437 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a common feature of the microenvironment in solid tumors, primarily due to an inadequate, and heterogeneous vascular network. It is associated with resistance to radiotherapy and results in a poorer clinical outcome. The presence of hypoxia in tumors can be identified by various invasive and non-invasive techniques, and there are a number of approaches by which hypoxia can be modified to improve outcome. However, despite these factors and the ongoing extensive pre-clinical studies, the clinical focus on hypoxia is still to a large extent lacking. Hypoxia is a major cellular stress factor and affects a wide range of molecular pathways, and further understanding of the molecular processes involved may lead to greater clinical applicability of hypoxic modifiers. This review is a discussion of the characteristics of tumor hypoxia, hypoxia-related molecular pathways, and the role of hypoxia in treatment resistance. Understanding the molecular aspects of hypoxia will improve our ability to clinically monitor hypoxia and to predict and modify the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brita Singers Sørensen
- Experimental Clinical Oncology-Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael R Horsman
- Experimental Clinical Oncology-Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Hua Q, Mi B, Xu F, Wen J, Zhao L, Liu J, Huang G. Hypoxia-induced lncRNA-AC020978 promotes proliferation and glycolytic metabolism of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating PKM2/HIF-1α axis. Theranostics 2020; 10:4762-4778. [PMID: 32308748 PMCID: PMC7163453 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a deadly disease with a hallmark of aberrant metabolism. The mechanism of glycolysis associated lncRNA underlying the aggressive behaviors of NSCLC is poorly understood. Methods: The expression level of AC020978 in NSCLC was measured by quantitative real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. The biological role of AC020978 in cell proliferation and aerobic glycolysis was determined by functional experiments in vitro and in vivo. The transcription of AC020978 was assessed by dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to identify the interaction protein with AC020978. Western blotting, in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA), and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) were performed to reveal the potential mechanism of AC020978. Results: The present study indicated that AC020978 was upregulated in NSCLC, significantly correlated with advanced TNM stage and poor clinical outcomes, representing as an independent prognostic predictor. Functional assays revealed AC020978's role in promoting cell growth and metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, AC020978 was an upregulated lncRNA under glucose starvation as well as hypoxia conditions, and directly transactivated by HIF-1α. Mechanistic investigations identified that AC020978 directly interacted with Pyruvate kinase isozymes M2 (PKM2) and enhanced PKM2 protein stability. Besides, this study uncovered that AC020978 could promote the nuclear translocation of PKM2 and regulate PKM2-enhanced HIF-1α transcription activity. Conclusions: Together, these data provided evidence that AC020978 conferred an aggressive phenotype to NSCLC and was a poor prognosticator. Targeting AC020978 might be an effective therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hua
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Baoming Mi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
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LncRNA RUNX1-IT1 which is downregulated by hypoxia-driven histone deacetylase 3 represses proliferation and cancer stem-like properties in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:95. [PMID: 32024815 PMCID: PMC7002583 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterised by a hypoxic microenvironment and a high rate of heterogeneity and recurrence, and the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in HCC may well explain both of these pathological properties. There is mounting evidence that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in carcinogenesis and maintain cancer stemness of HCC cells. However, the expression modes, regulatory mechanisms and potential roles of stemness-related lncRNAs in HCC are still obscure. LncRNA RUNX1-IT1 is the intronic transcript 1 of the RUNX1, which is also known as chromosome 21 open-reading frame 96 (C21orF96). Although the functions of the RUNX1 have been identified in different diseases, the function and its potential mechanisms of the lncRNA RUNX1-IT1 in HCC still remains to be largely unknown. In this study, we verified that the expression of LncRNA RUNX1-IT1 was decreased in GEO data set, HCC samples and correlated with unfavourable clinicopathologic characteristics and poor prognosis. RUNX1-IT1 repressed HCC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion and cancer stemness and induced apoptosis in vitro. Overexpression of RUNX1-IT1 impaired the growth, metastasis and stem-like features of HCC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, RUNX1-IT1 directly bound to miR-632 and acted as competing endogenous RNA to facilitate the expression of the miR-632 target gene GSK-3β and subsequently modulate the WNT/β-catenin pathway in HCC cells. Furthermore, hypoxia-driven histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), as an upstream regulatory mechanism, was critical for the downregulation of RUNX1-IT1 in HCC. Thus, lncRNA RUNX1-IT1, as a regulator of hypoxia, may function as a potential therapeutic target for conquering HCC.
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Peng X, Gao H, Xu R, Wang H, Mei J, Liu C. The interplay between HIF-1α and noncoding RNAs in cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:27. [PMID: 32014012 PMCID: PMC6998277 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-1535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a classic characteristic of the tumor microenvironment with a significant impact on cancer progression and therapeutic response. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), the most important transcriptional regulator in the response to hypoxia, has been demonstrated to significantly modulate hypoxic gene expression and signaling transduction networks. In past few decades, growing numbers of studies have revealed the importance of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in hypoxic tumor regions. These hypoxia-responsive ncRNAs (HRNs) play pivotal roles in regulating hypoxic gene expression at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational and posttranslational levels. In addition, as a significant gene expression regulator, ncRNAs exhibit promising roles in regulating HIF-1α expression at multiple levels. In this review, we briefly elucidate the reciprocal regulation between HIF-1α and ncRNAs, as well as their effect on cancer cell behaviors. We also try to summarize the complex feedback loop existing between these two components. Moreover, we evaluated the biomarker potential of HRNs for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, as well as the potential clinical utility of shared regulatory mechanisms between HIF-1α and ncRNAs in cancer treatment, providing novel insights into tumorigenicity, which may lead to innovative clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafeng Peng
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China.,The First Clinical Medicine School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Han Gao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Chaoying Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China.
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The pROS of Autophagy in Neuronal Health. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2546-2559. [PMID: 32006535 PMCID: PMC7232022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy refers to a set of catabolic pathways that together facilitate degradation of superfluous, damaged and toxic cellular components. The most studied type of autophagy, called macroautophagy, involves membrane mobilisation, cargo engulfment and trafficking of the newly formed autophagic vesicle to the recycling organelle, the lysosome. Macroautophagy responds to a variety of intra- and extra-cellular stress conditions including, but not limited to, pathogen intrusion, oxygen or nutrient starvation, proteotoxic and organelle stress, and elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly reactive oxygen molecules that can interact with cellular macromolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) to either modify their activity or, when released in excess, inflict irreversible damage. Although increased ROS release has long been recognised for its involvement in macroautophagy activation, the underlying mechanisms and the wider impact of ROS-mediated macroautophagy stimulation remain incompletely understood. We therefore discuss the growing body of evidence that describes the variety of mechanisms modulated by ROS that trigger cytoprotective detoxification via macroautophagy. We outline the role of ROS in signalling upstream of autophagy initiation, by increased gene expression and post-translational modifications of transcription factors, and in the formation and nucleation of autophagic vesicles by cysteine modification of conserved autophagy proteins including ATG4B, ATG7 and ATG3. Furthermore, we review the effect of ROS on selective forms of macroautophagy, specifically on cargo recognition by autophagy receptor proteins p62 and NBR1 (neighbour of BRCA1) and the recycling of mitochondria (mitophagy), and peroxisomes (pexophagy). Finally, we highlight both, the standalone and mutual contributions of abnormal ROS signalling and macroautophagy to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. ROS are messengers that modify protein activity by PTMs. ROS-mediated PTMs regulate activity and specificity of autophagy proteins. Increase in autophagy mediates rapid clearance of oxidised cargo and ROS sources. The importance of ROS-mediated autophagy is highlighted in neurodegeneration.
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Jiang N, Zou C, Zhu Y, Luo Y, Chen L, Lei Y, Tang K, Sun Y, Zhang W, Li S, He Q, Zhou J, Chen Y, Luo J, Jiang W, Ke Z. HIF-1ɑ-regulated miR-1275 maintains stem cell-like phenotypes and promotes the progression of LUAD by simultaneously activating Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2553-2570. [PMID: 32194819 PMCID: PMC7052895 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be essential for tumorigenesis, recurrence, and metastasis and therefore serve as a biomarker for tumor progression in diverse cancers. Recent studies have illustrated that specific miRNAs exhibit novel therapeutic potential by controlling CSC properties. miR-1275 is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and enhances its stemness. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Methods: miRNA expression microarray of LUAD and adjacent nontumor tissues was used to identify miRNAs involved in LUAD malignant progression. miR-1275 expression level was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH), and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed in LUAD specimens. The upstream regulator of miR-1275 was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The biological functions and underlying mechanisms of miR-1275 were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: MiR-1275 was highly upregulated in lung cancer cell lines and LUAD tissues. Overexpression of miR-1275 in lung cancer patients was associated with shorter overall- and recurrence-free-survival. Proto-oncogene HIF-1ɑ was identified as the transcription mediator of miR-1275. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling by miR-1275 was found to enhance the stemness of LUAD cells, while antagonizing miR-1275 or suppressing Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways potently reversed miR-1275-induced pathway co-activation and stemness. Enhanced stemness dramatically promoted tumorigenicity, recurrence, and metastasis. miR-1275 directly targeted multiple antagonists of Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways, including DKK3, SFRP1, GSK3β, RUNX3, and NUMB, respectively, which resulted in signaling activation. Conclusions: Our findings identified miR-1275 as a potential oncogene in LUAD that exerts its tumorigenic effect through co-activating Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways. Thus, HIF-1ɑ-regulated miR-1275 might be a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Hernández de la Cruz ON, López-González JS, García-Vázquez R, Salinas-Vera YM, Muñiz-Lino MA, Aguilar-Cazares D, López-Camarillo C, Carlos-Reyes Á. Regulation Networks Driving Vasculogenic Mimicry in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1419. [PMID: 31993365 PMCID: PMC6970938 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a mechanism whereby cancer cells form microvascular structures similar to three-dimensional channels to provide nutrients and oxygen to tumors. Unlike angiogenesis, VM is characterized by the development of new patterned three-dimensional vascular-like structures independent of endothelial cells. This phenomenon has been observed in many types of highly aggressive solid tumors. The presence of VM has also been associated with increased resistance to chemotherapy, low survival, and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through different pathways. In recent years, these tiny RNAs have been shown to be expressed aberrantly in different human malignancies, thus contributing to the hallmarks of cancer. In this context, miRNAs and lncRNAs can be excellent biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and the prediction of response to therapy. In this review, we discuss the role that the tumor microenvironment and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition have in VM. We include an overview of the mechanisms of VM with examples of diverse types of tumors. Finally, we describe the regulation networks of lncRNAs-miRNAs and their clinical impact with the VM. Knowing the key genes that regulate and promote the development of VM in tumors with invasive, aggressive, and therapy-resistant phenotypes will facilitate the discovery of novel biomarker therapeutics against cancer as well as tools in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Sullivan López-González
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico, Mexico
| | - Raúl García-Vázquez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marcos A Muñiz-Lino
- Laboratorio de Patología y Medicina Bucal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Carlos-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico, Mexico
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Deng B, Luo Q, Halim A, Liu Q, Zhang B, Song G. The Antiangiogenesis Role of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Their Potential Application to Tumor Therapy and Tissue Repair. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 39:167-176. [PMID: 31808715 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a process of new blood vessel formation from existing blood vessels, plays an important role in tumor growth and the tissue repair process. It is generally acknowledged that angiogenesis might contribute two both processes. In tumor growth, angiogenesis often increases oncogenic signaling, and in tissue repair, it decreases the stiffness of wound tissue and potentially exacerbates scar formation, resulting in pain and poor function. These poor outcomes are due to an increase in the expression of important genes involved in angiogenesis, such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and its transcriptional target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Therefore, this adverse effect of angiogenesis should be taken into consideration. Limiting vessel growth instead of boosting growth may be beneficial for favorable long-term healing outcomes. Posttranslational modifications, including acetylation, which is mediated by histone acetyltransferases, and deacetylation, which is mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs), are critical to HIF-1α function. Most studies have indicated that HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) show great promise as antiangiogenic agents in the early phase of clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the role of the HDACs HIF-1α and VEGF in angiogenesis. Furthermore, we also discuss the molecular and cellular underpinnings of the effects of HDACIs on antiangiogenesis, which creates new avenues for anticancer therapeutics and the repair of wounded tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Alexander Halim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information Technology, College of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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65
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Hypoxia and lncRNAs in gastrointestinal cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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66
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Wang X, Li L, Zhao K, Lin Q, Li H, Xue X, Ge W, He H, Liu D, Xie H, Wu Q, Hu Y. A novel LncRNA HITT forms a regulatory loop with HIF-1α to modulate angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1431-1446. [PMID: 31700144 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in human diseases, including cancer; however, only a few of them have been experimentally validated and functionally annotated. Here, we identify a novel lncRNA that we term HITT (HIF-1α inhibitor at translation level). HITT is commonly decreased in multiple human cancers. Decreased HITT is associated with advanced stages of colon cancer. Restoration of the expression of HITT in cancer cells inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo in an HIF-1α-dependent manner. Further study reveals that HITT inhibits HIF-1α expression, mainly by interfering with its translation. Mechanically, HITT titrates away YB-1 from the 5'-UTR of HIF-1α mRNA via a high-stringency YB-1-binding motif. The reverse correlation between HITT and HIF-1α expression is further validated in human colon cancer tissues. Moreover, HITT is one of the most altered lncRNAs upon the hypoxic switch and HITT downregulation is required for hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression. We further demonstrate that HITT and HIF-1α form an autoregulatory feedback loop where HIF-1α destabilizes HITT by inducing MiR-205, which directly targets HITT for degradation. Together, these results expand our understanding of the cancer-associated functions of lncRNAs, highlighting the HITT-HIF-1α axis as constituting an additional layer of regulation of angiogenesis and tumor growth, with potential implications for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li Li
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kunming Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qingyu Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Huayi Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuting Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wenjie Ge
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongjuan He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,Shenzhen Graduate School of Harbin Institute of Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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Xu S, Wang P, Zhang J, Wu H, Sui S, Zhang J, Wang Q, Qiao K, Yang W, Xu H, Pang D. Ai-lncRNA EGOT enhancing autophagy sensitizes paclitaxel cytotoxicity via upregulation of ITPR1 expression by RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions in human cancer. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:89. [PMID: 30999914 PMCID: PMC6471868 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biology function of antisense intronic long noncoding RNA (Ai-lncRNA) is still unknown. Meanwhile, cancer patients with paclitaxel resistance have limited therapeutic options in the clinic. However, the potential involvement of Ai-lncRNA in paclitaxel sensitivity remains unclear in human cancer. METHODS Whole transcriptome sequencing of 33 breast specimens was performed to identify Ai-lncRNA EGOT. Next, the role of EGOT in regulation of paclitaxel sensitivity was investigated. Moreover, the mechanism of EGOT enhancing autophagy sensitizes paclitaxel cytotoxicity via upregulation of ITPR1 expression by RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions was investigated in detail. Furthermore, upstream transcriptional regulation of EGOT expression was also investigated by co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Finally, clinical breast specimens in our cohort, TCGA and ICGC were applied to validate the role of EGOT in enhancing of paclitaxel sensitivity. RESULTS EGOT enhances autophagosome accumulation via the up-regulation of ITPR1 expression, thereby sensitizing cells to paclitaxel toxicity. Mechanistically, on one hand, EGOT upregulates ITPR1 levels via formation of a pre-ITPR1/EGOT dsRNA that induces pre-ITPR1 accumulation to increase ITPR1 protein expression in cis. On the other hand, EGOT recruits hnRNPH1 to enhance the alternative splicing of pre-ITPR1 in trans via two binding motifs in EGOT segment 2 (324-645 nucleotides) in exon 1. Moreover, EGOT is transcriptionally regulated by stress conditions. Finally, EGOT expression enhances paclitaxel sensitivity via assessment of cancer specimens. CONCLUSIONS These findings broaden comprehensive understanding of the biology function of Ai-lncRNAs. Proper regulation of EGOT may be a novel synergistic strategy for enhancing paclitaxel sensitivity in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shiyao Sui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbiao Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China.
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68
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Barangi S, Hayes AW, Reiter R, Karimi G. The therapeutic role of long non-coding RNAs in human diseases: A focus on the recent insights into autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:22-29. [PMID: 30742900 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA with ≥200 nucleotides in length which are involved as critical regulators in various cellular processes. LncRNAs contribute to the development and progression of many human diseases. Autophagy is a key catabolic process which helps to maintain the cellular homeostasis through the decay of damaged or unwanted proteins and dysfunctional cytoplasmic organelles. The impairment of the autophagy process has been described in numerous diseases. The autophagy possess can have either a protective or a detrimental role in cells depending on its activation status and other cellular conditions. LncRNAs have been shown to have an important function in the regulation of important biological processes such as autophagy. The relationship between lncRNAs and autophagy has been shown to be involved in the progression and possibly in the prevention of many diseases. In this review, recent findings on the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in the cell autophagy pathway, as well as their relevance to different diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cerebral ischemic stroke and cancer are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Barangi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, USA; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Russel Reiter
- University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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69
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70
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Qiu JJ, Lin XJ, Zheng TT, Tang XY, Hua KQ. Natural antisense transcript of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 regulates hypoxic cell apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:9101-9110. [PMID: 30588022 PMCID: PMC6299473 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s173816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hypoxia is a key stress that triggers apoptosis in various tumors, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Previous researches identified a hypoxia-upregulated lncRNA named "a natural antisense transcript of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (aHIF)" in some tumors. However, the contribution of aHIF to EOC remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression, function, and underlying mechanisms of aHIF in EOC progression under hypoxia. Materials and methods Expression levels of aHIF in EOC tissues were tested. In vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to explore the function and mechanism of aHIF in hypoxia-induced EOC progression. Results aHIF levels were increased in EOC tissues and were upregulated by hypoxia in EOC cells. Functional data revealed that aHIF knockdown accelerated cell apoptosis under hypoxia and inhibited EOC tumorigenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, aHIF overexpression inhibited cell apoptosis and enhanced cell proliferation under hypoxia in EOC. Mechanistically, the dysregulation of certain key mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related genes, including Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-7, and Caspase-9, may partially explain aHIF-regulated EOC apoptosis and growth under hypoxia. Conclusion These data provide the first convincing evidence that aHIF may inhibit EOC apoptosis and thereby promote tumor growth through activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway under hypoxia. Our findings help clarify the role of lncRNA in hypoxia-induced EOC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China, .,Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, .,Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Xiao-Jing Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China, .,Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, .,Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Ting-Ting Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China, .,Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, .,Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China, .,Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, .,Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China,
| | - Ke-Qin Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China, .,Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, .,Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China,
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Wu JB, Tang YL, Liang XH. Targeting VEGF pathway to normalize the vasculature: an emerging insight in cancer therapy. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6901-6909. [PMID: 30410348 PMCID: PMC6200071 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s172042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular normalization is a new concept of targeting angiogenesis to restore vessel structure and function and to increase blood perfusion and delivery of drugs. It has been confirmed that vascular normalization can decrease relapse and benefit other cancer therapy, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune cell therapy. The key point of this therapy is to inhibit pro-angiogenic factors and make it be balanced with anti-angiogenic factors, resulting in a mature and normal vessel characteristic. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key player in the process of tumor angiogenesis, and inhibiting VEGF is a primary approach to tumor vessel normalization. Herein, we review newly uncovered mechanisms governing angiogenesis and vascular normalization of cancer and place emphasis on targeting VEGF pathway to normalize the vasculature. Also, important methods to depress VEGF pathway and make tumor vascular are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, People's Republic of China, ;
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Dou C, Zhou Z, Xu Q, Liu Z, Zeng Y, Wang Y, Li Q, Wang L, Yang W, Liu Q, Tu K. Hypoxia-induced TUFT1 promotes the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating the Ca 2+/PI3K/AKT pathway. Oncogene 2018; 38:1239-1255. [PMID: 30250300 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuftelin1 (TUFT1), an acidic protein constituent of developing and mineralizing tooth tissues, is regulated by hypoxia and the Hedgehog signaling pathway. We investigated the role of TUFT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot were employed to evaluate TUFT1 level in HCC. MTT, BrdU, 3D culture and Transwell assays were used to assess cell viability, proliferation, in vitro growth, migration, and invasion. Subcutaneous and tail vein injection models were established to investigate in vivo growth and metastasis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to assess binding of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) to TUFT1 promoter. A microRNA array was used to identify hypoxia-related microRNAs. TUFT1 was elevated in HCC, and correlated with unfavorable clinicopathologic characteristics and poor survival. TUFT1 promoted HCC cell growth, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo via activation of Ca2+/PI3K/AKT pathway. Hypoxia induced TUFT1 expression in an HIF-1α dependent manner, and TUFT1 expression was positively correlated with HIF-1α level in HCC tissues. Hypoxiaenhanced TUFT1 expression by downregulating miR-671-5p rather than by directly promoting the binding of HIF-1α to TUFT1 promoter. MiR-671-5p interacted with the 3'-UTR of TUFT1 mRNA and subsequently inhibited TUFT1 expression. Consequently, knockdown of TUFT1 blocked the effects of hypoxia in promoting HCC progression. TUFT1 promoted the growth, metastasis and EMT of HCC cells through activating Ca2+/PI3K/AKT pathway. The hypoxic microenvironment increased the expression of TUFT1 via downregulation of miR-671-5p. TUFT1 may function as a potential therapeutic target for the intervention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Minimally invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, China
| | - Zhikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Yuqun Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
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Wang Y, He Y, Bai H, Dang Y, Gao J, Lv P. Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1-associated glycolysis is regulated by miR-409-3p in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:126-134. [PMID: 30218446 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most popular kidney cancer in adults. Metabolic shift toward aerobic glycolysis is a fundamental factor for ccRCC therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are thought to be important regulators in ccRCC development and progression. Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is required for metabolic activation; however, the role of PDK1-induced glycolytic metabolism regulated by miRNAs is unclear in ccRCC. So, the purpose of the current study is to elucidate the underlying mechanism in ccRCC cell metabolism mediated by PDK1. Our results revealed that miR-409-3p inhibited glycolysis by regulating PDK1 expression in ccRCC cells. We also found that miR-409-3p was regulated by hypoxia. Our results indicated that PDK1 facilitated ccRCC cell glycolysis, regulated by miR-409-3p in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanfa He
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongzhong Bai
- Department of Imaging, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Dang
- Cardiovascular Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiangyan Gao
- Cardiovascular Department, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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74
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NKILA inhibition protects retinal pigment epithelium cells from hypoxia by facilitating NFκB activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3134-3141. [PMID: 30144973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustained retinal hypoxia causes injuries to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. We studied expression and potential functions of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) Interacting LncRNA (NKILA) in hypoxia-treated RPE cells. Hypoxia induced NKILA expression, NKILA-IκBα association and NFκB activation in ARPE-19 cells and primary human RPE cells. shRNA-mediated knockdown of NKILA facilitated NFκB activation, inhibiting RPE cell death and apoptosis. Conversely, exogenous overexpression of NKILA blocked hypoxia-induced NFκB activation, thereby exacerbating RPE cell apoptosis. Further studies show that hypoxia downregulated microRNA-103 (miR-103), the anti-NKILA microRNA, in RPE cells. Transfection of miR-103 mimic blocked hypoxia-induced NKILA expression to significantly boost NFκB activation, protecting RPE cells from hypoxia. Collectively, we conclude that hypoxia-induced NKILA expression negatively regulates NFκB to promote RPE cell death. Conversely, NKILA inhibition protects RPE cells from hypoxia by facilitating NFκB activation.
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75
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Gupta A, Sugadev R, Sharma YK, Ahmad Y, Khurana P. Role of miRNAs in hypoxia-related disorders. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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76
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Yu B, Wang S. Angio-LncRs: LncRNAs that regulate angiogenesis and vascular disease. Theranostics 2018; 8:3654-3675. [PMID: 30026873 PMCID: PMC6037039 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a large subgroup of RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides and have no apparent protein coding potential. They have diverse functions in different biological processes by regulating chromatin remodeling or protein translation. This review summarizes the recent progress of lncRNAs in angiogenesis and vascular diseases. A general overview of lncRNA functional mechanisms will be introduced. A list of lncRNAs, which are termed "Angio-LncRs", including MALAT1, MANTIS, PUNISHER, MEG3, MIAT, SENCR and GATA6-AS, will be discussed regarding their expression, regulation, function and mechanism of action in angiogenesis. Implications of lncRNAs in vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular retinopathies and tumor angiogenesis will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-69, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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77
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Choudhry H, Harris AL. Advances in Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Biology. Cell Metab 2018; 27:281-298. [PMID: 29129785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a central regulator for detecting and adapting to cellular oxygen levels, transcriptionally activates genes modulating oxygen homeostasis and metabolic activation. Beyond this, HIF influences many other processes. Hypoxia, in part through HIF-dependent mechanisms, influences epigenetic factors, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation, which modulate hypoxia-responsive gene expression in cells. Hypoxia profoundly affects expression of many noncoding RNAs classes that have clinicopathological implications in cancer. HIF can regulate noncoding RNAs production, while, conversely, noncoding RNAs can modulate HIF expression. There is recent evidence for crosstalk between circadian rhythms and hypoxia-induced signaling, suggesting involvement of molecular clocks in adaptation to fluxes in nutrient and oxygen sensing. HIF induces increased production of cellular vesicles facilitating intercellular communication at a distance-for example, promoting angiogenesis in hypoxic tumors. Understanding the complex networks underlying cellular and genomic regulation in response to hypoxia via HIF may identify novel and specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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78
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lncTCF7 is a negative prognostic factor, and knockdown of lncTCF7 inhibits migration, proliferation and tumorigenicity in glioma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17456. [PMID: 29234033 PMCID: PMC5727168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play critical roles in cancer. lncTCF7 (gene symbol: WSPAR) has been reported to maintain stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stem cells. However, little is known about the role of lncTCF7 in glioma. The aim of this study was to identify the role of lncTCF7 in the pathogenesis of glioma. We analysed the relationship of lncTCF7 expression with clinicopathological characteristics in glioma patients. Our results showed that lncTCF7 expression was increased in glioma tissues compared with that in normal brain tissues (P < 0.001). Moreover, lncTCF7 was significantly associated with WHO grade (I–II vs. III–IV; P = 0.006) and tumour size (<3 cm vs. T ≥ 3 cm; P = 0.025). Meanwhile, patients with high lncTCF7 expression levels exhibited markedly worse overall survival prognoses (P < 0.01). Loss of function assays revealed that knockdown of lncTCF7 significantly inhibited glioma cell migration, proliferation and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that hypoxia induced lncTCF7 expression in an autocrine manner through IL-6 in glioma. In conclusion, lncTCF7 may play a vital role in glioma progression and serves as a potential prognostic biomarker in glioma patients, providing new targets for glioma therapy.
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79
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Long noncoding RNAs act as regulators of autophagy in cancer. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:151-155. [PMID: 29133213 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in various cellular processes. Studies have disclosed an important function of lncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy, a crucial cellular homeostatic mechanism that plays a pro-survival or pro-death role in cancer. Deregulation of lncRNAs can contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer progression, wherein lncRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in understanding the relationship between lncRNAs and autophagy regulation in cancer. Exploiting the newly emerging knowledge of the lncRNA-autophagy-cancer axis may provide novel targets for cancer therapy.
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80
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Choudhry H, Zamzami MA, Omran Z, Wu W, Mousli M, Bronner C, Alhosin M. Targeting microRNA/UHRF1 pathways as a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3-10. [PMID: 29285183 PMCID: PMC5738699 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like containing plant homeodomain and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is an anti-apoptotic protein involved in the silencing of several tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) through epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and histone post-translational alterations, and also epigenetic-independent mechanisms. UHRF1 overexpression is observed in a number of solid tumors and hematological malignancies, and is considered a primary mechanism in inhibiting apoptosis. UHRF1 exerts its inhibitory activity on TSGs by binding to functional domains and therefore influences several epigenetic actors including DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylase 1, histone acetyltransferase Tat-interacting protein 60 and histone methyltransferases G9a and Suv39H1. UHRF1 is considered to control a large macromolecular protein complex termed epigenetic code replication machinery, in order to maintain epigenetic silencing of TSGs during cell division, thus enabling cancer cells to escape apoptosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are able to regulate the expression of its target gene by functioning as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. In the present review, the role of tumor suppressive miRNAs in the regulation of UHRF1, and the importance of targeting the microRNA/UHRF1 pathways in order to induce the reactivation of silenced TSGs and subsequent apoptosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Omran
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marc Mousli
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Christian Bronner
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), National Institute of Health and Medical Research U964, National Center for Scientific Research UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Mahmoud Alhosin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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81
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Shih JW, Kung HJ. Long non-coding RNA and tumor hypoxia: new players ushered toward an old arena. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:53. [PMID: 28789687 PMCID: PMC5547530 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a classic feature of the tumor microenvironment with a profound impact on cancer progression and therapeutic response. Activation of complex hypoxia pathways orchestrated by the transcription factor HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) contributes to aggressive phenotypes and metastasis in numerous cancers. Over the past few decades, exponentially growing research indicated the importance of the non-coding genome in hypoxic tumor regions. Recently, key roles of long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in hypoxia-driven cancer progression have begun to emerge. These hypoxia-responsive lncRNAs (HRLs) play pivotal roles in regulating hypoxic gene expression at chromatic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels by acting as effectors of the indirect response to HIF or direct modulators of the HIF-transcriptional cascade. Notably, the aberrant expression of HRLs significantly correlates with poor outcomes in cancer patients, showing promise for future utility as a tumor marker or therapeutic target. Here we address the latest advances made toward understanding the functional relevance of HRLs, the involvement of these transcripts in hypoxia response and the underlying action mechanisms, highlighting their specific roles in HIF-1 signaling regulation and hypoxia-associated malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Shih
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
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82
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Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in hypoxia/HIF-1-associated cancer progression through largely unknown mechanisms. Here we identify MIR31HG as a hypoxia-inducible lncRNA and therefore we name it LncHIFCAR (long noncoding HIF-1α co-activating RNA); we describe its oncogenic role as a HIF-1α co-activator that regulates the HIF-1 transcriptional network, crucial for cancer development. Extensive analyses of clinical data indicate LncHIFCAR level is substantially upregulated in oral carcinoma, significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes and representing an independent prognostic predictor. Overexpression of LncHIFCAR induces pseudo-hypoxic gene signature, whereas knockdown of LncHIFCAR impairs the hypoxia-induced HIF-1α transactivation, sphere-forming ability, metabolic shift and metastatic potential in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LncHIFCAR forms a complex with HIF-1α via direct binding and facilitates the recruitment of HIF-1α and p300 cofactor to the target promoters. Our results uncover an lncRNA-mediated mechanism for HIF-1 activation and establish the clinical values of LncHIFCAR in prognosis and potential therapeutic strategy for oral carcinoma. Cancer cells adapt to the changing microenvironment by activating different pathways through multiple mechanisms. Here the authors identify long noncoding RNA MIR31HG as a HIF-1α co-activator required for the induction of the hypoxic response and show its oncogenic role in oral carcinogenesis.
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83
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Eskandani M, Vandghanooni S, Barar J, Nazemiyeh H, Omidi Y. Cell physiology regulation by hypoxia inducible factor-1: Targeting oxygen-related nanomachineries of hypoxic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:46-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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84
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Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links an individual's susceptibility to chronic disease in adult life to events during their intrauterine phase of development. Biologically this should not be unexpected, for organ systems are at their most plastic when progenitor cells are proliferating and differentiating. Influences operating at this time can permanently affect their structure and functional capacity, and the activity of enzyme systems and endocrine axes. It is now appreciated that such effects lay the foundations for a diverse array of diseases that become manifest many years later, often in response to secondary environmental stressors. Fetal development is underpinned by the placenta, the organ that forms the interface between the fetus and its mother. All nutrients and oxygen reaching the fetus must pass through this organ. The placenta also has major endocrine functions, orchestrating maternal adaptations to pregnancy and mobilizing resources for fetal use. In addition, it acts as a selective barrier, creating a protective milieu by minimizing exposure of the fetus to maternal hormones, such as glucocorticoids, xenobiotics, pathogens, and parasites. The placenta shows a remarkable capacity to adapt to adverse environmental cues and lessen their impact on the fetus. However, if placental function is impaired, or its capacity to adapt is exceeded, then fetal development may be compromised. Here, we explore the complex relationships between the placental phenotype and developmental programming of chronic disease in the offspring. Ensuring optimal placentation offers a new approach to the prevention of disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity, which are reaching epidemic proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, and Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, and Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kent L Thornburg
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, and Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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85
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Heery R, Finn SP, Cuffe S, Gray SG. Long Non-Coding RNAs: Key Regulators of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Tumour Drug Resistance and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040038. [PMID: 28430163 PMCID: PMC5406713 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), the adoption by epithelial cells of a mesenchymal-like phenotype, is a process co-opted by carcinoma cells in order to initiate invasion and metastasis. In addition, it is becoming clear that is instrumental to both the development of drug resistance by tumour cells and in the generation and maintenance of cancer stem cells. EMT is thus a pivotal process during tumour progression and poses a major barrier to the successful treatment of cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) often utilize epigenetic programs to regulate both gene expression and chromatin structure. One type of ncRNA, called long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has become increasingly recognized as being both highly dysregulated in cancer and to play a variety of different roles in tumourigenesis. Indeed, over the last few years, lncRNAs have rapidly emerged as key regulators of EMT in cancer. In this review, we discuss the lncRNAs that have been associated with the EMT process in cancer and the variety of molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways through which they regulate EMT, and finally discuss how these EMT-regulating lncRNAs impact on both anti-cancer drug resistance and the cancer stem cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Heery
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Rm 2.09, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- Masters in Translational Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology & Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 RX0X, Ireland.
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 RT2X, Ireland.
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Rm 2.09, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 RT2X, Ireland.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland.
- Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 K0Y5, Ireland.
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86
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Ratcliffe P, Koivunen P, Myllyharju J, Ragoussis J, Bovée JV, Batinic-Haberle I, Vinatier C, Trichet V, Robriquet F, Oliver L, Gardie B. Update on hypoxia-inducible factors and hydroxylases in oxygen regulatory pathways: from physiology to therapeutics. HYPOXIA 2017; 5:11-20. [PMID: 28352643 PMCID: PMC5359007 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s127042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The “Hypoxia Nantes 2016” organized its second conference dedicated to the field of hypoxia research. This conference focused on “the role of hypoxia under physiological conditions as well as in cancer” and took place in Nantes, France, in October 6–7, 2016. The main objective of this conference was to bring together a large group of scientists from different spheres of hypoxia. Recent advances were presented and discussed around different topics: genomics, physiology, musculoskeletal, stem cells, microenvironment and cancer, and oxidative stress. This review summarizes the major highlights of the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ratcliffe
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Judith Vmg Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Claire Vinatier
- INSERM UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton-RMeS, Team STEP, University of Nantes, UFR Odontology
| | | | | | - Lisa Oliver
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes
| | - Betty Gardie
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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87
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Yan Y, Xu Z, Li Z, Sun L, Gong Z. An Insight into the Increasing Role of LncRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Gliomas. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:53. [PMID: 28293170 PMCID: PMC5328963 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are essential epigenetic regulators with critical roles in tumor initiation and malignant progression. However, the roles and mechanisms of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of gliomas are not fully understood. With the development of deep sequencing analyses, an extensive amount of functional non-coding RNAs has been discovered in glioma tissues and cell lines. Additionally, the contributions of several lncRNAs, such as Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA, H19 and Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed, previously reported to be involved in other pathogenesis and processes to the oncogenesis of glioblastoma are currently addressed. Thus, lncRNAs detected in tumor tissues could serve as candidate diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gliomas. To understand the potential function of lncRNAs in gliomas, in this review, we briefly describe the profile of lncRNAs in human glioma research and therapy. Then, we discuss the individual lncRNA that has been under intensive investigation in glioma research, and the focus is its mechanism and clinical implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China; Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China; Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
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88
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Xu Z, Yan Y, Qian L, Gong Z. Long non-coding RNAs act as regulators of cell autophagy in diseases (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1359-1366. [PMID: 28184916 PMCID: PMC5364869 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has provided a substantial increase in our understanding of the non-coding transcriptome. Studies have revealed a crucial function of lncRNAs in the modulation of cell autophagy in vitro and in vivo, further contributing to the hallmarks of disease phenotypes. These findings have profoundly altered our understanding of disease pathobiology, and may lead to the emergence of new biological concepts underlying autophagy-associated diseases, such as the carcinomas. Studies on the molecular mechanism of the lncRNA-autophagy axis may offer additional avenues for therapeutic intervention and biomarker assessment. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the multiple molecular roles of regulatory lncRNAs in the signaling pathways of cell autophagy. The emerging knowledge in this rapidly advancing field will offer novel insights into human diseases, especially cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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89
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Wiedmeier JE, Ohlrich A, Chu A, Rountree MR, Turker MS. Induction of the long noncoding RNA NBR2 from the bidirectional BRCA1 promoter under hypoxic conditions. Mutat Res 2017; 796:13-19. [PMID: 28249151 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1 plays an important role in preventing breast cancer and is often silenced or repressed in sporadic cancer. The BRCA1 promoter is bidirectional: it drives transcription of the long non-coding (lnc) NBR2 transcript in the opposite orientation relative to the BRCA1 transcript. Hypoxic conditions repress BRCA1 transcription, but their effect on expression of the NBR2 transcript has not been reported. We used quantitative RT-PCR to measure BRCA1 and NBR2 transcript levels in 0% and 1% oxygen in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and found that NBR2 transcript levels increased as a function of time under hypoxic conditions, whereas BRCA1 mRNA levels were repressed. Hypoxic conditions were ineffective in reducing BRCA1 mRNA in the UACC-3199 breast cancer cell line, which is reported to have an epigenetically silenced BRCA1 promoter, even though appreciable levels of BRCA1 and NBR2 mRNA were detected. Significant recovery back to baseline RNA levels occurred within 48h after the MCF-7 cells were restored to normoxic conditions. We used a construct with the 218bp minimal BRCA1 promoter linked to marker genes to show that this minimal promoter repressed expression bidirectionally under hypoxic conditions, which suggests that the elements necessary for induction of NBR2 are located elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Erin Wiedmeier
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
| | - Anna Ohlrich
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - Adrian Chu
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
| | | | - Mitchell S Turker
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States.
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Jarroux J, Morillon A, Pinskaya M. History, Discovery, and Classification of lncRNAs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1008:1-46. [PMID: 28815535 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5203-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RNA World Hypothesis suggests that prebiotic life revolved around RNA instead of DNA and proteins. Although modern cells have changed significantly in 4 billion years, RNA has maintained its central role in cell biology. Since the discovery of DNA at the end of the nineteenth century, RNA has been extensively studied. Many discoveries such as housekeeping RNAs (rRNA, tRNA, etc.) supported the messenger RNA model that is the pillar of the central dogma of molecular biology, which was first devised in the late 1950s. Thirty years later, the first regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were initially identified in bacteria and then in most eukaryotic organisms. A few long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) such as H19 and Xist were characterized in the pre-genomic era but remained exceptions until the early 2000s. Indeed, when the sequence of the human genome was published in 2001, studies showed that only about 1.2% encodes proteins, the rest being deemed "non-coding." It was later shown that the genome is pervasively transcribed into many ncRNAs, but their functionality remained controversial. Since then, regulatory lncRNAs have been characterized in many species and were shown to be involved in processes such as development and pathologies, revealing a new layer of regulation in eukaryotic cells. This newly found focus on lncRNAs, together with the advent of high-throughput sequencing, was accompanied by the rapid discovery of many novel transcripts which were further characterized and classified according to specific transcript traits.In this review, we will discuss the many discoveries that led to the study of lncRNAs, from Friedrich Miescher's "nuclein" in 1869 to the elucidation of the human genome and transcriptome in the early 2000s. We will then focus on the biological relevance during lncRNA evolution and describe their basic features as genes and transcripts. Finally, we will present a non-exhaustive catalogue of lncRNA classes, thus illustrating the vast complexity of eukaryotic transcriptomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Jarroux
- ncRNA, epigenetic and genome fluidity, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, CNRS UMR 3244, PSL Research University and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Morillon
- ncRNA, epigenetic and genome fluidity, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, CNRS UMR 3244, PSL Research University and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Marina Pinskaya
- ncRNA, epigenetic and genome fluidity, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, CNRS UMR 3244, PSL Research University and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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91
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Beltrán-Anaya FO, Cedro-Tanda A, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Romero-Cordoba SL. Insights into the Regulatory Role of Non-coding RNAs in Cancer Metabolism. Front Physiol 2016; 7:342. [PMID: 27551267 PMCID: PMC4976125 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a complex disease originated from alterations in several genes leading to disturbances in important signaling pathways in tumor biology, favoring heterogeneity that promotes adaptability and pharmacological resistance of tumor cells. Metabolic reprogramming has emerged as an important hallmark of cancer characterized by the presence of aerobic glycolysis, increased glutaminolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis, as well as an altered mitochondrial energy production. The metabolic switches that support energetic requirements of cancer cells are closely related to either activation of oncogenes or down-modulation of tumor-suppressor genes, finally leading to dysregulation of cell proliferation, metastasis and drug resistance signals. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one important kind of molecules that can regulate altered genes contributing, to the establishment of metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, diverse metabolic signals can regulate ncRNA expression and activity at genetic, transcriptional, or epigenetic levels. The regulatory landscape of ncRNAs may provide a new approach for understanding and treatment of different types of malignancies. In this review we discuss the regulatory role exerted by ncRNAs on metabolic enzymes and pathways involved in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. We also review how metabolic stress conditions and tumoral microenvironment influence ncRNA expression and activity. Furthermore, we comment on the therapeutic potential of metabolism-related ncRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy O Beltrán-Anaya
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Cedro-Tanda
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine Mexico City, Mexico
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92
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Cummins EP, Keogh CE. Respiratory gases and the regulation of transcription. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:986-1002. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P. Cummins
- School of Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield 4 Dublin Ireland
| | - Ciara E. Keogh
- School of Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield 4 Dublin Ireland
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93
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Zhu S, He C, Deng S, Li X, Cui S, Zeng Z, Liu M, Zhao S, Chen J, Jin Y, Chen H, Deng S, Liu Y, Wang C, Zhao G. MiR-548an, Transcriptionally Downregulated by HIF1α/HDAC1, Suppresses Tumorigenesis of Pancreatic Cancer by Targeting Vimentin Expression. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2209-19. [PMID: 27353169 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic microenvironments contribute to the tumorigenesis of numerous cancers by regulating the expression of a subset of miRNAs called "hypoxiamiRs." However, the function and mechanism of these deregulated miRNAs in hypoxic microenvironments within pancreatic cancers remain undefined. This study demonstrates that miR-548an is significantly downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and correlates with increased tumor size, advanced TNM stage, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-548an significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo We further revealed that hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) induces the downregulation of miR-548an in pancreatic cancer cells during hypoxia. Our co-IP and ChIP assays revealed that HIF-1α and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) form a complex and bind to the hypoxia response elements (HRE) on the miR-548an promoter. In addition, inhibition of HDAC1 with trichostatin A antagonizes the suppression of miR-548 by hypoxia. Our dual luciferase assay validated that miR-548an directly binds to the 3' untranslated region of vimentin mRNA. The downregulation of vimentin suppresses the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo In addition, vimentin was inversely correlated with miR-548an expression in pancreatic cancer samples. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the HIF-1α-HDAC1 complex transcriptionally inhibits miR-548an expression during hypoxia, resulting in the upregulation of vimentin that facilitates the pancreatic tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2209-19. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chi He
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijiang Deng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shipeng Cui
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shufeng Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengyu Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shichang Deng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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94
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Joven JC, Mabilangan LM, Santos-Jesalva PM. Clinical trials with bephenium hydroxy naphthoate in intestinal parasitism. Oncogene 1966; 37:1062-1074. [PMID: 29106390 PMCID: PMC5851116 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is critical for cancer stem cell reprogramming; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) is enriched in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), whereas depletion of PDK1 remarkably diminishes ALDH+ subpopulations, decreases stemness-related transcriptional factor expression, and inhibits sphere-formation ability and tumor growth. Conversely, high levels of PDK1 enhance BCSC properties and are correlated with poor overall survival. In mouse xenograft tumor, PDK1 is accumulated in hypoxic regions and activates glycolysis to promote stem-like traits. Moreover, through screening hypoxia-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PDK1-positive tissue, we find that lncRNA H19 is responsible for glycolysis and BCSC maintenance. Furthermore, H19 knockdown decreases PDK1 expression in hypoxia, and ablation of PDK1 counteracts H19-mediated glycolysis and self-renewal ability in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, H19 and PDK1 expression exhibits strong correlations in primary breast carcinomas. H19 acting as a competitive endogenous RNA sequesters miRNA let-7 to release Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, leading to an increase in PDK1 expression. Lastly, aspirin markedly attenuates glycolysis and cancer stem-like characteristics by suppressing both H19 and PDK1. Thus, these novel findings demonstrate that the glycolysis gatekeeper PDK1 has a critical role in BCSC reprogramming and provides a potential therapeutic strategy for breast malignancy.
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