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Exercise and oxidative stress: potential effects of antioxidant dietary strategies in sports. Nutrition 2015; 31:916-22. [PMID: 26059364 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals are produced during aerobic cellular metabolism and have key roles as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species and an adequate antioxidant defense. This adverse condition may lead to cellular and tissue damage of components, and is involved in different physiopathological states, including aging, exercise, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. In particular, the relationship between exercise and oxidative stress is extremely complex, depending on the mode, intensity, and duration of exercise. Regular moderate training appears beneficial for oxidative stress and health. Conversely, acute exercise leads to increased oxidative stress, although this same stimulus is necessary to allow an up-regulation in endogenous antioxidant defenses (hormesis). Supporting endogenous defenses with additional oral antioxidant supplementation may represent a suitable noninvasive tool for preventing or reducing oxidative stress during training. However, excess of exogenous antioxidants may have detrimental effects on health and performance. Whole foods, rather than capsules, contain antioxidants in natural ratios and proportions, which may act in synergy to optimize the antioxidant effect. Thus, an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals through a varied and balanced diet remains the best approach to maintain an optimal antioxidant status. Antioxidant supplementation may be warranted in particular conditions, when athletes are exposed to high oxidative stress or fail to meet dietary antioxidant requirements. Aim of this review is to discuss the evidence on the relationship between exercise and oxidative stress, and the potential effects of dietary strategies in athletes. The differences between diet and exogenous supplementation as well as available tools to estimate effectiveness of antioxidant intake are also reported. Finally, we advocate the need to adopt an individualized diet for each athlete performing a specific sport or in a specific period of training, clinically supervised with inclusion of blood analysis and physiological tests, in a comprehensive nutritional assessment.
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Abstract
In ageing populations many patients have multiple diseases characterised by acceleration of the normal ageing process. Better understanding of the signalling pathways and cellular events involved in ageing shows that these are characteristic of many chronic degenerative diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and neurodegeneration. Common mechanisms have now been identified in these diseases, which show evidence of cellular senescence with telomere shortening, activation of PI3K–AKT–mTOR signalling, impaired autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, epigenetic changes, abnormal microRNA profiles, immunosenescence and low grade chronic inflammation (“inflammaging”). Many of these pathways are driven by chronic oxidative stress. There is also a reduction in anti-ageing molecules, such as sirtuins and Klotho, which further accelerates the ageing process. Understanding these molecular mechanisms has identified several novel therapeutic targets and several drugs have already been developed that may slow the ageing process, as well as lifestyle interventions, such as diet and physical activity. This indicates that in the future new treatment approaches may target the common pathways involved in multimorbidity and this area of research should be given high priority. Thus, COPD should be considered as a component of multimorbidity and common disease pathways, particularly accelerated ageing, should be targeted.
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Tagliaferri C, Davicco MJ, Lebecque P, Georgé S, Amiot MJ, Mercier S, Dhaussy A, Huertas A, Walrand S, Wittrant Y, Coxam V. Olive oil and vitamin D synergistically prevent bone loss in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115817. [PMID: 25551374 PMCID: PMC4281074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As the Mediterranean diet (and particularly olive oil) has been associated with bone health, we investigated the impact of extra virgin oil as a source of polyphenols on bone metabolism. In that purpose sham-operated (SH) or ovariectomized (OVX) mice were subjected to refined or virgin olive oil. Two supplementary OVX groups were given either refined or virgin olive oil fortified with vitamin D3, to assess the possible synergistic effects with another liposoluble nutrient. After 30 days of exposure, bone mineral density and gene expression were evaluated. Consistent with previous data, ovariectomy was associated with increased bone turnover and led to impaired bone mass and micro-architecture. The expression of oxidative stress markers were enhanced as well. Virgin olive oil fortified with vitamin D3 prevented such changes in terms of both bone remodeling and bone mineral density. The expression of inflammation and oxidative stress mRNA was also lower in this group. Overall, our data suggest a protective impact of virgin olive oil as a source of polyphenols in addition to vitamin D3 on bone metabolism through improvement of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Tagliaferri
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Lesieur, 29 quai Aulagnier, 92665 Asnières-sur-Seine cedex, France
| | - Marie-Jeanne Davicco
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Patrice Lebecque
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Georgé
- Biochemistry Department, Centre Technique de Conservation des Produits Agricoles (CTCPA), Site Agroparc, 84911 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Marie-Jo Amiot
- INRA, UMR 1260, Marseille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1260, "Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique", Marseille, France; Université d'Aix-Marseille, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Mercier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amélie Dhaussy
- Lesieur, 29 quai Aulagnier, 92665 Asnières-sur-Seine cedex, France
| | - Alain Huertas
- Lesieur, 29 quai Aulagnier, 92665 Asnières-sur-Seine cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Véronique Coxam
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Rigacci S, Stefani M. Nutraceuticals and amyloid neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on natural phenols. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 15:41-52. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.986101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mortalidad prematura cardiovascular y sus costes: 20 años de seguimiento del estudio DRECE. Rev Clin Esp 2014; 214:365-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gómez-de la Cámara A, Pinilla-Domínguez P, Vázquez-Fernández del Pozo S, García-Pérez L, Rubio-Herrera M, Gómez-Gerique J, Gutiérrez-Fuentes J, Rivero-Cuadrado A, Serrano-Aguilar P. Costs resulting from premature mortality due to cardiovascular causes: A 20-year follow-up of the DRECE study. Rev Clin Esp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gotsis E, Anagnostis P, Mariolis A, Vlachou A, Katsiki N, Karagiannis A. Health benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: an update of research over the last 5 years. Angiology 2014; 66:304-18. [PMID: 24778424 DOI: 10.1177/0003319714532169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has been reported to be protective against the occurrence of several diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that the MedDiet could counter diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, obesity, pulmonary diseases, and cognition disorders. Adoption of a MedDiet was associated with beneficial effects on the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant cellular and circulating biomarkers as well as with regulation of gene polymorphisms involved in the atherosclerotic process. The MedDiet has been considered for the prevention of cardiovascular and other chronic degenerative diseases focusing on the impact of a holistic dietary approach rather than on single nutrients. Epidemiological dietary scores measuring adherence to a MedDiet have been developed. This narrative review considers the results of up-to-date clinical studies (with a focus on the last 5 years) that evaluated the effectiveness of the MedDiet in reducing the prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios Gotsis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Athanasia Vlachou
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asterios Karagiannis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Mayneris-Perxachs J, Sala-Vila A, Chisaguano M, Castellote AI, Estruch R, Covas MI, Fitó M, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Lamuela-Raventós R, Ros E, López-Sabater MC. Effects of 1-year intervention with a Mediterranean diet on plasma fatty acid composition and metabolic syndrome in a population at high cardiovascular risk. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85202. [PMID: 24651160 PMCID: PMC3961210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become an important public concern due to its increasing prevalence. An altered fatty acid composition has been associated with MetS, but the Mediterranean diet has been shown to have a protective effect. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as assessed by the biomarkers of food supplied, on the plasma fatty acid composition and its relation with MetS after 1 year of intervention. METHODS A total of 424 subjects were randomly selected from the PREDIMED randomized dietary trial after completing a 1-year intervention program. Participants aged 55 to 80 years and at high risk of cardiovascular disease were randomly assigned to three dietary interventions: Mediterranean diet supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts, or a low-fat diet. RESULTS After 1 year of intervention participants in the virgin olive oil group showed significantly increased plasma concentrations of palmitic and oleic acids, but reduced proportions of margaric, stearic, and linoleic acids. In turn, subjects in the nut group showed significantly increased levels of palmitic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids, but reduced proportions of myristic, margaric, palmitoleic, and dihommo-γ-linoleic acids. Increases in the biomarkers of foods supplied to the Mediterranean diet groups, i.e., oleic and α-linolenic acids, were beneficially associated with the incidence, reversion and prevalence of MetS. No weight changes were observed among participants. CONCLUSIONS The nut and olive oil diets induced a fatty acid composition that has been shown to be beneficial in the face of MetS. Therefore, a Mediterranean diet rich in fats of vegetable origin may be a useful tool for the management of MetS without the need for concerns over weight gain due to its high fat content. TRIAL REGISTRATION Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maribel Chisaguano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Castellote
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institut for Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institut for Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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Ring M, Brodsky M, Low Dog T, Sierpina V, Bailey M, Locke A, Kogan M, Rindfleisch JA, Saper R. Developing and implementing core competencies for integrative medicine fellowships. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2014; 89:421-428. [PMID: 24448047 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Consortium of Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine defines integrative medicine as "the practice of medicine that reaffirms the importance of the relationship between practitioner and patient, focuses on the whole person, is informed by evidence, and makes use of all appropriate therapeutic approaches, health care professionals, and disciplines to achieve optimal health and healing." Over the past three decades, the U.S. public increasingly has sought integrative medicine approaches. In an effort to train medical professionals to adequately counsel patients on the safe and appropriate use of these approaches, medical schools and residencies have developed curricula on integrative medicine for their trainees. In addition, integrative medicine clinical fellowships for postresidency physicians have emerged to provide training for practitioners interested in gaining greater expertise in this emerging field. Currently, 13 clinical fellowships in integrative medicine exist in the United States, and they are predominantly connected to academic medical centers or teaching affiliate hospitals. In 2010, the Consortium of Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine, represented by 56 member academic health care institutions with a shared commitment to advance the principles and practices of integrative medicine, convened a two-year task force to draft integrative medicine fellowship core competencies. These competencies would guide fellowship curriculum development and ensure that graduates possessed a common body of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. In this article, the authors discuss the competencies and the task force's process to develop them, as well as associated teaching and assessment methods, faculty development, potential barriers, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Ring
- Dr. Ring is assistant professor of clinical medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Brodsky is assistant clinical professor of medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York. Dr. Low Dog is clinical associate professor of medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona. Dr. Sierpina is professor of family medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Dr. Bailey is instructor, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. Dr. Locke is assistant professor of family medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Dr. Kogan is assistant professor of medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC. Dr. Rindfleisch is associate professor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin. Dr. Saper is associate professor of family medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chedraui P, Pérez-López FR. Nutrition and health during mid-life: searching for solutions and meeting challenges for the aging population. Climacteric 2014; 16 Suppl 1:85-95. [PMID: 23651240 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2013.802884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between genetic (genome) and environmental factors (epigenome) operate during a person's entire lifespan. The aging process is associated with several cellular and organic functional alterations that, at the end, cause multi-organic cell failure. Epigenetic mechanisms of aging are modifiable by appropriate preventive actions mediated by sirtuins, caloric input, diet components, adipose tissue-related inflammatory reactions, and physical activity. The Mediterranean lifestyle has been for many millennia a daily habit for people in Western civilizations living around the Mediterranean sea who worked intensively and survived with very few seasonal foods. A high adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with low mortality (higher longevity) and reduced risk of developing chronic diseases, including cancer, the metabolic syndrome, depression and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Reports indicate that some dietary components, such as olive oil, antioxidants, omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated acids, polyphenols and flavonoids, mediate beneficial anti-aging effects (anti-chronic diseases and increased longevity). Equally, physical activity displays a positive effect, producing caloric consumption and regulation of adipose and pancreatic function. The predictive strength of some food patterns may be a way of developing recommendations for food and health policies. This paper will discuss several ways of improving health during mid-life, focusing on certain groups of functional foods and healthy habits which may reduce or prevent age-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chedraui
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Area for Women's Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Chedraui P, Escobar GS, Pérez-López FR, Palla G, Montt-Guevara M, Cecchi E, Genazzani AR, Simoncini T. Angiogenesis, inflammation and endothelial function in postmenopausal women screened for the metabolic syndrome. Maturitas 2014; 77:370-4. [PMID: 24598235 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (METS) increases after the menopause; nevertheless, concomitant vascular, inflammatory and endothelial changes have not been completely elucidated. OBJECTIVE To measure serum markers of angiogenesis, inflammation and endothelial function in postmenopausal women screened for the METS. METHODS Serum of 100 postmenopausal women was analyzed for angiopoietin-2, interleukin-8 (IL-8), soluble FAS ligand (sFASL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Comparisons were made in accordance to the presence or not of the METS and each of its components. Modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used to define the METS. RESULTS Women with the METS (n=57) had similar age and time since menopause as compared to those without the syndrome (n=43). In general, women with the METS displayed a trend for higher levels of the analyzed markers. Nevertheless, only IL-6 levels were found to be significantly higher and uPA levels significantly lower among METS women as compared to those without the syndrome. When analyte levels were compared as to presenting or not each of the diagnostic features of the METS, it was found that IL-6 levels were higher among women with abdominal obesity, low HDL-C and high triglyceride levels. Women with low HDL-C and high triglyceride levels presented significantly lower uPA levels and those with high glucose and low HDL-C displayed significantly higher sCD40L levels. CONCLUSION Postmenopausal women with the METS in this sample displayed higher IL-6 (inflammation) and lower uPA levels (endothelial dysfunction). These were mainly related to metabolic and lipid abnormalities. More research is warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chedraui
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Area for Women's Health, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Gustavo S Escobar
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Area for Women's Health, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Faustino R Pérez-López
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Facultad de Medicina, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Giulia Palla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Magdalena Montt-Guevara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Cecchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea R Genazzani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Italy
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Argyropoulou A, Aligiannis N, Trougakos IP, Skaltsounis AL. Natural compounds with anti-ageing activity. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 30:1412-37. [PMID: 24056714 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70031c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex molecular process driven by diverse molecular pathways and biochemical events that are promoted by both environmental and genetic factors. Specifically, ageing is defined as a time-dependent decline of functional capacity and stress resistance, associated with increased chance of morbidity and mortality. These effects relate to age-related gradual accumulation of stressors that result in increasingly damaged biomolecules which eventually compromise cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, the findings that genetic or diet interventions can increase lifespan in evolutionarily diverse organisms indicate that mortality can be postponed. Natural compounds represent an extraordinary inventory of high diversity structural scaffolds that can offer promising candidate chemical entities in the major healthcare challenge of increasing health span and/or delaying ageing. Herein, those natural compounds (either pure forms or extracts) that have been found to delay cellular senescence or in vivo ageing will be critically reviewed and summarized according to affected cellular signalling pathways. Moreover, the chemical structures of the identified natural compounds along with the profile of extracts related to their bioactive components will be presented and discussed. Finally, novel potential molecular targets for screening natural compounds for anti-ageing activity, as well as the idea that anti-ageing interventions represent a systemic approach that is also effective against age-related diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Argyropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
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Korre M, Tsoukas MA, Frantzeskou E, Yang J, Kales SN. Mediterranean Diet and Workplace Health Promotion. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2014; 8:416. [PMID: 25328563 PMCID: PMC4192546 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-014-0416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Analytical and experimental studies confirm relationships between the consumption of certain foods and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Mediterranean diet patterns have long been associated with a reduced risk of major diseases and many favorable health outcomes. Data from observational, longitudinal, and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that Mediterranean-style diets can improve body mass index and body weight, reduce the incidence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome risk factors, decrease cardiovascular morbidity and coronary heart disease mortality, as well as decrease all-cause mortality. Recently, efforts have attempted to improve dietary habits in the workplace, by modifying food selection, eating patterns, meal frequency, and the sourcing of meals taken during work. Evidence supporting the Mediterranean diet and the potential cardioprotective role of healthier diets in the workplace are reviewed here, and promising strategies to improve metabolic and cardiovascular health outcomes are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Korre
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine & Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Occupational Medicine, The Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Michael A. Tsoukas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Elpida Frantzeskou
- Occupational Medicine Department, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Justin Yang
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine & Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Occupational Medicine, The Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Tufts Medical School, Brighton, MA USA
| | - Stefanos N. Kales
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine & Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Occupational Medicine, The Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA USA
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Evidence of clinically relevant efficacy for dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. Curr Hypertens Rep 2013; 15:260-7. [PMID: 23430658 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-013-0333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the well-known effects on blood pressure (BP) of the DASH and the Mediterranean diets, a large number of studies have investigated the possible a BP-lowering effect from different dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, mostly antioxidant agents with a high tolerability and safety profile. In particular, a relatively large body of evidence support the use of potassium, L-arginine, vitamin C, cocoa flavonoids, coenzyme Q10, controlled-release melatonin, and aged garlic extract. However there is a need for data about the long-term safety of a large part of these products. Moreover, further clinical research is advisable to identify between the available active nutraceuticals and those with the best cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit ratio for widespread use in a general population with low added cardiovascular risk related to uncomplicated hypertension.
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Kesse-Guyot E, Ahluwalia N, Lassale C, Hercberg S, Fezeu L, Lairon D. Adherence to Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome: a 6-year prospective study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:677-683. [PMID: 22633793 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Benefits of Mediterranean diet on MetS risk have been suggested, but overall prospective evidence in the general population is limited. For the first time, the prospective association of adherence to Mediterranean diet with the 6-y risk of MetS and its components was evaluated in a large cohort in Europe. METHODS AND RESULTS Subjects included were participants from the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) study. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed using traditional Mediterranean diet score (MDS), an updated Mediterranean score (MED) and Mediterranean style-dietary pattern score (MSDPS) calculated from at least three 24-h records. In 3232 subjects, the association between Mediterranean diet scores and 6-y risk of MetS was evaluated. The association between Mediterranean scores and MetS components was also estimated. A lower risk of MetS was observed with increasing MED score (P-trend = 0.001) and MDS (P-trend = 0.03) in multivariate models. The adjusted odds ratios (95% Confidence Interval) for MetS risk were 0.47 (0.32-0.69) and 0.50 (0.32-0.77) in subjects in the highest versus lowest tertile of MED score and MDS, respectively. The MED score was inversely associated with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and triglycerides, and directly associated with HDL-cholesterol. The MDS was negatively associated with waist circumference and triglycerides, and MSDPS was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS All Mediterranean diet scores were associated in a potentially beneficial direction with components of MetS or MetS incidence. Our findings support that individuals should be encouraged to follow a Mediterranean dietary pattern for reduction of MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kesse-Guyot
- UREN (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit), UMR U557 Inserm, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Paris 13, SMBH, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
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Chedraui P, San Miguel G, Vintimilla-Sigüenza I, Villacreses D, Romero-Huete L, Domínguez A, Jaramillo W, Escobar GS, Pérez-López FR, Genazzani AR, Simoncini T. The metabolic syndrome and its components in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:563-8. [PMID: 23656385 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.788637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (METS) increases significantly after the menopause. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of the METS and its components in postmenopausal women. Factors relating to each of the composing items of the METS were also analyzed. METHODS Natural postmenopausal women (40-65 years) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study in order to assess the presence of the METS using modified Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) criteria. Participants were also requested to fill out a general socio-demographic questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 204 women were surveyed with a median age of 56 years. A 52.9% presented the METS according to modified ATP-III criteria, with 37.3% presenting hyperglycemia, 51.5% hypertension, 58.3% abdominal obesity, 45.6% high triglyceride levels and 56.4% low HDL-C levels. Women with the METS presented a higher rate of dyslipidemia (high triglyceride and low HDL-C levels), hyperglycemia, hypertension and abdominal obesity than those without the syndrome. Those with abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia significantly displayed higher rates of low HDL-C levels (bivariate analysis). Multiple linear regression analysis found a positive correlation between glucose and triglyceride levels. Systolic blood pressure significantly and positively correlated to age and abdominal circumference. Abdominal circumference displayed an inverse correlation with educational level. CONCLUSION Prevalence of the METS in this postmenopausal female sample was high and associated to metabolic and lipid derangements. As abdominal obesity was significantly associated to lower education, there is an urgent need of implementing educational programs directed to high-risk populations in order to increase awareness of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chedraui
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Area for Women's Health, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
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Krentz AJ, Viljoen A, Sinclair A. Insulin resistance: a risk marker for disease and disability in the older person. Diabet Med 2013; 30:535-48. [PMID: 23173973 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical metabolic studies have demonstrated that insulin action declines progressively with age in humans. In addition to its close association with Type 2 diabetes, which reduces life expectancy in older people, age-related insulin resistance is implicated in pathogenesis of several highly prevalent disorders for which ageing is a major risk factor. These include atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, dementia, frailty and cancer. Accordingly, insulin resistance may be viewed as biomarker of age-related ill health and reduced lifespan. The rapidly rising number of older people, coupled with a high prevalence of insulin resistance resulting from obesity and sedentary lifestyles, presents unprecedented public health and societal challenges. Studies of centenarians have shown that preserved whole-body sensitivity to insulin is associated with longevity. The mechanisms through which insulin action is associated with age-related diseases remain unclear. Changes in body composition, i.e. sarcopenia and excess adiposity, may be more potent than age per se. Moreover, the impact of insulin resistance has been difficult to disentangle from the clustering of vascular risk factors that co-segregate with the insulin resistance-hyperinsulinaemia complex. Potentially modifiable mediators of age-related changes in insulin sensitivity include alterations in adipocytokines, impaired skeletal myocyte mitochondrial function and brown fat activity. The hypothesis that improving or maintaining insulin sensitivity preserves health and extends lifespan merits further evaluation. Practical non-pharmacological interventions directed against age-related insulin resistance remain underdeveloped. Novel metabolically active pharmacological agents with theoretical implications for some age-related disorders are entering clinical trials. However, recent adverse experiences with the thiazolidinediones suggest the need for a cautious approach to the use of insulin sensitizing drugs in older people. This could be particularly important in the absence of diabetes where the risk to benefit analysis may be less favourable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Krentz
- Institute of Diabetes for Older People, Bedfordshire & Hertfordshire Postgraduate Medical School, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK.
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Opie RS, Ralston RA, Walker KZ. Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet can slow the rate of cognitive decline and decrease the risk of dementia: a systematic review. Nutr Diet 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Sara Opie
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Monash University; Clayton; Victoria; Australia
| | - Robin A. Ralston
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Monash University; Clayton; Victoria; Australia
| | - Karen Z. Walker
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Monash University; Clayton; Victoria; Australia
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Saez Lancellotti TE, Boarelli PV, Romero AA, Funes AK, Cid-Barria M, Cabrillana ME, Monclus MA, Simón L, Vicenti AE, Fornés MW. Semen quality and sperm function loss by hypercholesterolemic diet was recovered by addition of olive oil to diet in rabbit. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52386. [PMID: 23326331 PMCID: PMC3543415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat increment (0.05% cholesterol, chol) in standard diet promoted a significant increase in serum and sperm membrane chol, which ultimately altered membrane-coupled sperm specific functions: osmotic resistance, acrosomal reaction, and sperm capacitation in White New Zealand rabbits. These changes were also associated with a reduction in motility percentage and appearance of abnormal sperm morphology. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary olive oil (OO, 7% v/w) administration to several male hypercholesterolemic rabbits (hypercholesterolemic rabbits, HCR) with altered fertility parameters. These HCR males were achieved by feeding normal rabbits with a high-fat diet (0.05% chol). HCR were associated with a modest non-significant increase in body weight (standard diet, 4.08±0.17 Kg, versus high-fat diet, 4.37±0.24 Kg). Hypercholesterolemic rabbits presented a marked decrease in semen volume, sperm cell count, and percentage of sperm motility, associated with a significant increase in sperm cell abnormalities. Moreover, sperm capacitation measured by the characteristic phosphorylated protein pattern in and induced acrosomal reaction were also altered suggesting sperm dysfunction. However, the administration of OO (for 16 weeks) to rabbits that were fed with 50% of the high-fat diet normalized serum chol. Curiously, OO supply succeeded to attenuate the seminal and sperm alterations observed in HCR group. Administration of OO alone did not cause any significant changes in above mentioned parameters. These data suggest that OO administration to HCR male rabbits recovers the loss of semen quality and sperm functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania E. Saez Lancellotti
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Andrológicas de Mendoza (LIAM), Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad del Aconcagua, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Paola V. Boarelli
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Andrológicas de Mendoza (LIAM), Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad del Aconcagua, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Aida A. Romero
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Andrológicas de Mendoza (LIAM), Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Abi K. Funes
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Andrológicas de Mendoza (LIAM), Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Macarena Cid-Barria
- Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad del Aconcagua, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María E. Cabrillana
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Andrológicas de Mendoza (LIAM), Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad del Aconcagua, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María A. Monclus
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Andrológicas de Mendoza (LIAM), Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad del Aconcagua, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Layla Simón
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Andrológicas de Mendoza (LIAM), Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Amanda E. Vicenti
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Andrológicas de Mendoza (LIAM), Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Miguel W. Fornés
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Andrológicas de Mendoza (LIAM), Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad del Aconcagua, Mendoza, Argentina
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Monfalouti HE, Charrouf Z, Hamdouchi AE, Labraimi H, Chafchaouni-Moussaoui I, Kartah B, Kari KE, Bensouda Y, Derouich A, Dodin S, Denhez C, Guillaume D, Agnaou H. Argan Oil and Postmenopausal Moroccan Women: Impact on the Vitamin E Profile. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E supplements could be beneficial for postmenopausal women. To evaluate the effect of edible argan oil consumption on the antioxidant status of postmenopausal women, the vitamin E serum level of 151 menopausal women consuming either olive or argan oil was determined. Serum level of vitamin E was increased in the argan oil consumer group. Therefore, an argan oil-enriched diet can be recommended to help prevent some postmenopausal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae El Monfalouti
- Laboratoire de chimie des plantes, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Faculty of Science, BP1014 Rabat, Morocco
- URCA-CNRS UMR6229, School of Medicine-Pharmacy, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Zoubida Charrouf
- Laboratoire de chimie des plantes, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Faculty of Science, BP1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Asma El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition-Alimentation, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Hanane Labraimi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition-Alimentation, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Imane Chafchaouni-Moussaoui
- Laboratoire de Chimie et d'innovation Thérapeutique, Centre de Recherche d'Universiapolis, Bad el Madina, BP8143, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Badreddine Kartah
- Laboratoire de chimie des plantes, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Faculty of Science, BP1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid El Kari
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition-Alimentation, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Yahya Bensouda
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Soussi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelfettah Derouich
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Lipoprotéines et l'Athérosclérose. Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Université Hassanll Mohammedia, Casablanca Morocco
| | - Sylvie Dodin
- Département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie, Université de Laval, Québec, Qc, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Clément Denhez
- URCA-CNRS UMR6229, School of Medicine-Pharmacy, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Dom Guillaume
- URCA-CNRS UMR6229, School of Medicine-Pharmacy, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Hassan Agnaou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition-Alimentation, Kenitra, Morocco
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Llaneza P, González C, Fernández-Iñarrea J, Alonso A, Díaz F, Pérez-López FR. Soy isoflavones improve insulin sensitivity without changing serum leptin among postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2012; 15:611-20. [PMID: 22191384 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2011.631062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a soy isoflavone extract over insulin sensitivity and plasma leptin levels. METHODS Eighty postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to participate for 24 months either to a physical exercise and Mediterranean diet program (Control group: CG) or this intervention plus a daily oral intake of a soy isoflavone extract (Soy isoflavone group: SIG). Anthropometry, body composition analysis, blood biochemistry, menopausal symptoms and health-related quality of life were assessed at baseline and every 6 months. RESULTS Sixty-five women completed the protocol with no differences found among groups at baseline in age and time since the menopause. At month 24, body mass index (BMI) was lower in the SIG as compared to the CG. Fat mass, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Kupperman Index and Cervantes Scale values significantly decreased in the SIG as compared to baseline and to CG values. Kupperman scores and serum TNF-α levels significantly decreased in both studied groups. No changes in plasma leptin levels were observed after 24 months within and between groups. When analysis was stratified according to BMI values, changes in the aforementioned parameters displayed a similar trend; however, the impact over glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR values was more evident among obese women assigned to the SIG. CONCLUSION Diet, physical exercise and a daily oral intake of soy isoflavones exerted a beneficial effect on the homeostatic model in postmenopausal women which was not related to significant changes in plasma leptin levels, despite a decrease in TNF-α, fat mass and Kupperman values.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Llaneza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asturias Central University Hospital, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is increasing evidence that life-style factors, such as nutrition, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption have a profound modifying effect on the epidemiology of most major chronic conditions affecting midlife health. AIMS To provide guidance concerning the effect of diet on morbidity and mortality of the most frequent diseases prevalent in midlife and beyond. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review and consensus of expert opinion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A healthy diet is essential for the prevention of all major chronic non-communicable diseases in midlife and beyond, both directly, through the effect of individual macro- and micronutrients and indirectly, through the control of body weight. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best prevented or managed by restricting the total amount of carbohydrate in the diet and by deriving carbohydrate energy from whole-grain cereals, fruits and vegetables. The substitution of saturated and trans-fatty acids by mono-unsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids is the most important dietary intervention for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Obesity is also a risk factor for a variety of cancers. Obese elderly persons should be encouraged to lose weight. Diet plans can follow the current recommendations for weight management but intake of protein should be increased to conserve muscle mass. The consumption of red or processed meat is associated with an increase of colorectal cancer. Adequate protein, calcium and vitamin D intake should be ensured for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Surveillance is needed for possible vitamin D deficiency in high risk populations. A diet rich in vitamin E, folate, B12 and omega-3 fatty acids may be protective against cognitive decline. With increasing longevity ensuring a healthy diet is a growing public health issue.
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Dunston CR, Choudhury K, Griffiths HR. Terminal galactose residues on transferrin are increased in midlife adults compared to young adults. Proteomics 2012; 12:3147-53. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rivas A, Romero A, Mariscal-Arcas M, Monteagudo C, Feriche B, Lorenzo ML, Olea F. Mediterranean diet and bone mineral density in two age groups of women. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 64:155-61. [PMID: 22946650 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.718743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that adherence to the Mediterranean diet measured as a Mediterranean diet score (MDS) has a beneficial effect on bone mineral density (BMD). For the purposes of this study, a sample of healthy women from Southern Spain was chosen. Subjects were grouped into two major groups: a first group consisted of women of reproductive age (premenopausal, pre-M) and a second group consisted of postmenopausal women (pos-M). The consumption of vegetables and fruit was found to be significantly related to BMD in both groups of subjects studied. In the pre-M group, the lipid ratio was positively associated with BMD and in pos-M women nuts intake was also associated with BMD. After implementing the analysis of covariance analysis, significant linear trends between the MDS and BMD were observed in all subjects studied. Our results indicate that a varied diet based on Mediterranean diet patterns may be beneficial in the prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Tognon G, Nilsson LM, Lissner L, Johansson I, Hallmans G, Lindahl B, Winkvist A. The Mediterranean diet score and mortality are inversely associated in adults living in the subarctic region. J Nutr 2012; 142:1547-53. [PMID: 22739377 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.160499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has been widely promoted and may be associated with chronic disease prevention and a better overall health status. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Mediterranean diet score inversely predicted total or cause-specific mortality in a prospective population study in Northern Sweden (Västerbotten Intervention Program). The analyses were performed in 77,151 participants (whose diet was measured by means of a validated FFQ) by Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for several potential confounders. The Mediterranean diet score was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in men [HR = 0.96 (95% CI = 0.93, 0.99)] and women [HR = 0.95 (95% CI = 0.91, 0.99)], although not in obese men. In men, but not in women, the score was inversely associated with total cancer mortality [HR = 0.92 (95% CI = 0.87, 0.98)], particularly for pancreas cancer [HR = 0.82 (95% CI = 0.68, 0.99)]. Cardiovascular mortality was inversely associated with diet only in women [HR = 0.90 (95% CI = 0.82, 0.99)]. Except for alcohol [HR = 0.83 (95% CI = 0.76, 0.90)] and fruit intake [HR = 0.90 (95% CI = 0.83, 0.98)], no food item of the Mediterranean diet score independently predicted mortality. Higher scores were associated with increasing age, education, and physical activity. Moreover, healthful dietary and lifestyle-related factors additively decreased the mortality likelihood. Even in a subarctic region, increasing Mediterranean diet scores were associated with a longer life, although the protective effect of diet was of small magnitude compared with other healthful dietary and lifestyle-related factors examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Tognon
- Public Health Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Mietus-Snyder ML, Shigenaga MK, Suh JH, Shenvi SV, Lal A, McHugh T, Olson D, Lilienstein J, Krauss RM, Gildengoren G, McCann JC, Ames BN. A nutrient-dense, high-fiber, fruit-based supplement bar increases HDL cholesterol, particularly large HDL, lowers homocysteine, and raises glutathione in a 2-wk trial. FASEB J 2012; 26:3515-27. [PMID: 22549511 PMCID: PMC3405270 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-201558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake modulates disease risk, but little is known how components within food mixtures affect pathophysiology. A low-calorie, high-fiber, fruit-based nutrient-dense bar of defined composition (e.g., vitamins and minerals, fruit polyphenolics, β-glucan, docosahexaenoic acid) appropriate for deconstruction and mechanistic studies is described and evaluated in a pilot trial. The bar was developed in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Changes in cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk biomarkers were measured after 2 wk twice-daily consumption of the bar, and compared against baseline controls in 25 healthy adults. Plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) increased 6.2% (P=0.001), due primarily to a 28% increase in large HDL (HDL-L; P<0.0001). Total plasma homocysteine (Hcy) decreased 19% (P=0.017), and glutathione (GSH) increased 20% (P=0.011). The changes in HDL and Hcy are in the direction associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline; increased GSH reflects improved antioxidant defense. Changes in biomarkers linked to insulin resistance and inflammation were not observed. A defined food-based supplement can, within 2 wk, positively impact metabolic biomarkers linked to disease risk. These results lay the groundwork for mechanistic/deconstruction experiments to identify critical bar components and putative synergistic combinations responsible for observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L. Mietus-Snyder
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Mark K. Shigenaga
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Jung H. Suh
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Swapna V. Shenvi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Ashutosh Lal
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Tara McHugh
- Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service–Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Don Olson
- Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service–Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | | | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Ginny Gildengoren
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Joyce C. McCann
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Bruce N. Ames
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
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Buckland G, Mayén AL, Agudo A, Travier N, Navarro C, Huerta JM, Chirlaque MD, Barricarte A, Ardanaz E, Moreno-Iribas C, Marin P, Quirós JR, Redondo ML, Amiano P, Dorronsoro M, Arriola L, Molina E, Sanchez MJ, Gonzalez CA. Olive oil intake and mortality within the Spanish population (EPIC-Spain). Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:142-9. [PMID: 22648725 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.024216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive oil consumption is associated with a decreased risk of several chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, data on the effects of olive oil on overall mortality are scarce. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association between olive oil and overall and cause-specific mortality in the Spanish population in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). DESIGN A total of 40,622 participants (62% female) aged 29-69 y were recruited from 5 Spanish regions in 1992-1996. The association between olive oil (analyzed as a categorical and continuous variable) and overall and cause-specific mortality (CVD, cancer, and other causes) was analyzed by using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 1915 deaths were reported during 13.4 y of follow-up: 416 CVD deaths, 956 cancer deaths, and 417 deaths from other causes (for 126 deaths the cause was not available). In comparison with nonconsumers, the highest quartile of olive oil consumption was associated with a 26% (95% CI: 13%, 36%) reduction in risk of overall mortality and a 44% (95% CI: 21%, 60%) reduction in CVD mortality. For each increase in olive oil of 10 g · 2000 kcal⁻¹ · d⁻¹, there was a 7% (95% CI: 3%, 10%) decreased risk of overall mortality and a 13% (95% CI: 6%, 20%) decreased risk of CVD mortality. No significant association was observed between olive oil and cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS Olive oil was associated with a decreased risk of overall mortality and an important reduction in CVD mortality in this large Mediterranean cohort. This provides further evidence on the beneficial effects of one of the key Mediterranean dietary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe Mediterranean diet has been related to a lower risk of some chronic diseases, including cancer. We aim to gain insight into the effects of the main source of fat of this diet on breast cancer, the most common type of malignancy in women.DesignData from sixteen experimental series analysing the effects of dietary lipids on mammary carcinogenesis in an animal model, in the context of the international literature on the Mediterranean diet, olive oil and breast cancer risk.SettingExperimental and human data on the effects of olive oil and Mediterranean diet on breast cancer.SubjectsAn animal model of induced breast cancer and other human and experimental studies in the literature.ResultsDiets rich in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) exert a negative modulatory effect on experimental breast cancer to a weak promoting effect, much lower than that obtained with a high-corn oil diet. EVOO confers to the mammary adenocarcinomas a clinical behaviour and morphological features compatible with low tumour aggressiveness. This differential effect, in relation to other dietary lipids, may be related to a lower effect on body weight and sexual maturation. In addition, EVOO induced different molecular changes in tumours, such as in the composition of cell membranes, activity of signalling proteins and gene expression. All these modifications could induce lower proliferation, higher apoptosis and lower DNA damage. These results, together with the favourable effect of olive oil reported in the literature when it is consumed in moderate quantities, suggest a beneficial influence of EVOO on breast cancer risk.ConclusionsConsumption of EVOO in moderate quantities and throughout the lifetime appears to be a healthy choice and may favourably influence breast cancer risk.
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Azzini E, Polito A, Fumagalli A, Intorre F, Venneria E, Durazzo A, Zaccaria M, Ciarapica D, Foddai MS, Mauro B, Raguzzini A, Palomba L, Maiani G. Mediterranean Diet Effect: an Italian picture. Nutr J 2011; 10:125. [PMID: 22087545 PMCID: PMC3252250 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall diet quality effects, mainly on antioxidant nutritional status and some cytokines related to the cellular immune response as well as oxidative stress in a healthy Italian population group. METHODS An observational study was conducted on 131 healthy free-living subjects. Dietary intake was assessed by dietary diary. Standardised procedures were used to make anthropometric measurements. On blood samples (serum, plasma and whole blood) were evaluated: antioxidant status by vitamin A, vitamin E, carotenoids, vitamin C, uric acid, SH groups, SOD and GPx activities; lipid blood profile by total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides; total antioxidant capacity by FRAP and TRAP; the immune status by TNF-α, and IL-10 cytokines; the levels of malondialdehyde in the erythrocytes as marker of lipid peroxidation. RESULTS The daily macronutrients intake (g/day) have shown a high lipids consumption and significant differences between the sexes with regard to daily micronutrients intake. On total sample mean Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) was 4.5 ± 1.6 and no significant differences between the sexes were present. A greater adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern increases the circulating plasma levels of carotenoids (lutein plus zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, α and β-carotene), vitamin A and vitamin E. The levels of endogenous antioxidants were also improved. We observed higher levels in anti-inflammatory effect cytokines (IL-10) in subjects with MDS ≥ 6, by contrast, subjects with MDS ≤ 3 show higher levels in sense of proinflammatory (TNF α P < 0.05). Lower levels of MDA were associated with MDS > 4. Our data suggest a protective role of vitamin A against chronic inflammatory conditions especially in subjects with the highest adherence to the Mediterranean-type dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with significant amelioration of multiple risk factors, including a better cardiovascular risk profile, reduced oxidative stress and modulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Azzini
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
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Cuadros JL, Fernández-Alonso AM, Cuadros AM, Chedraui P, Pérez-López FR. Body mass index and its correlation to metabolic and hormone parameters in postmenopausal Spanish women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:678-84. [PMID: 21133833 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.521269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess body weight composition in postmenopausal women and determine correlations with metabolic and hormonal parameters. METHODS Medical records of 574 postmenopausal Caucasian Spanish women first time attending a menopause clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Retrieved information included general demographic data, type of menopause, time since menopause onset and baseline hormonal and metabolic parameters. A body mass index (BMI) value of >28.8 kg/m(2) was used to define obesity. The metabolic syndrome (METS) was diagnosed with three or more criteria: fasting glycemia ≥ 100 mg/dL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <50 mg/dL, triglycerides (TG) ≥ 150 mg/dL, blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg and obesity (as defined above). RESULTS Mean age of the whole cohort was 49.9 ± 6.1 years, with 66% having a natural menopause. A 38.9% and 23.1% of all women were obese or had the METS, respectively. Obese women were older, had a higher parity, smoked less, had more time since menopause onset and a higher rate of surgical menopause as compared to non-obese ones (p = 0.001). BMI values positively correlated with age, time since menopause, parity, and glucose, TG and systolic blood pressure levels; displaying an inverse correlation with HDL-C and SHBG levels. SHBG levels inversely correlated with glucose, TG, HDL-C and systolic blood pressure levels. CONCLUSION In this Spanish postmenopausal population BMI significantly increased with age, time since menopause and parity displaying significant correlations with hormonal and metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Cuadros
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
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81
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Cicero AFG, Rosticci M, Gerocarni B, Bacchelli S, Veronesi M, Strocchi E, Borghi C. Lactotripeptides effect on office and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, blood pressure stress response, pulse wave velocity and cardiac output in patients with high-normal blood pressure or first-degree hypertension: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:1035-40. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Thornton SJ, Wong IT, Neumann R, Kozlowski P, Wasan KM. Dietary supplementation with phytosterol and ascorbic acid reduces body mass accumulation and alters food transit time in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:107. [PMID: 21711516 PMCID: PMC3141547 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that animals fed a high fat (HF) diet supplemented with disodium ascorbyl phytostanyl phosphate (DAPP) exhibit reduced mass accumulation when compared to HF control. This compound is a water-soluble phytostanol ester and consists of a hydrophobic plant stanol covalently bonded to ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). To provide insight into the mechanism of this response, we examined the in vivo effects of a high fat diet supplemented with ascorbic acid (AA) in the presence and absence of unesterified phytosterols (PS), and set out to establish whether the supplements have a synergistic effect in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Our data indicate that HF diet supplementation with a combination of 1% w/w phytosterol and 1% w/w ascorbic acid results in reduced mass accumulation, with mean differences in absolute mass between PSAA and HF control of 10.05%; and differences in mass accumulation of 21.6% (i.e. the PSAA group gained on average 21% less mass each week from weeks 7-12 than the HF control group). In our previous study, the absolute mass difference between the 2% DAPP and HF control was 41%, while the mean difference in mass accumulation between the two groups for weeks 7-12 was 67.9%. Mass loss was not observed in animals supplemented with PS or AA alone. These data suggest that the supplements are synergistic with respect to mass accumulation, and the esterification of the compounds further potentiates the response. Our data also indicate that chronic administration of PS, both in the presence and absence of AA, results in changes to fecal output and food transit time, providing insight into the possibility of long-term changes in intestinal function related to PS supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila J Thornton
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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83
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High sodium intake of children through ‘hidden’ food sources and its association with the Mediterranean diet: the GRECO study. J Hypertens 2011; 29:1069-76. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328345ef35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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84
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Adherence to the Mediterranean diet reduces mortality in the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). Br J Nutr 2011; 106:1581-91. [PMID: 21736834 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511002078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) increases longevity; however, few studies are restricted to Mediterranean populations or explore the effect of a MD pattern that directly incorporates olive oil. Therefore the relationship between adherence to the MD and mortality was studied within the the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). The EPIC-Spain analysis included 40 622 participants (37·7 % males) aged 29-69 years who were recruited from five Spanish regions in 1992-1996. During a mean follow-up of 13·4 years, 1855 deaths were documented: 913 from cancer, 399 from CVD, 425 from other causes and 118 from unknown causes of death. Risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality was assessed according to the level of adherence to a relative MD (rMED) score, measured using an 18-unit scale incorporating nine selected dietary components. A high compared with a low rMED score was associated with a significant reduction in mortality from all causes (hazard ratio (HR) 0·79; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·91), from CVD (HR 0·66; 95 % CI 0·49, 0·89), but not from overall cancer (HR 0·92; 95 % CI 0·75, 1·12). A 2-unit increase in rMED score was associated with a 6 % (P < 0·001) decreased risk of all-cause mortality. A high olive oil intake and moderate alcohol consumption contributed most to this association. In this Spanish cohort, following an olive oil-rich MD was related to a significant reduction in all-cause mortality, and reduced the risk of mortality from CVD. These results support the important role that the MD pattern has on reducing mortality in Mediterranean countries.
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85
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Rohlfs Domínguez P. Flavor exposure during sensitive periods of development as a key mechanism of flavor learning: implications for future research. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:909-10. [PMID: 21471281 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.014381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chedraui P, San Miguel G, Schwager G. The effect of soy-derived isoflavones over hot flushes, menopausal symptoms and mood in climacteric women with increased body mass index. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:307-13. [PMID: 20528204 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.490614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk-benefit issues raised after the WHI have significantly increased the use of alternative treatments for the menopause. Despite this, data regarding the effect of soy isoflavones over mood and menopausal symptoms in high risk populations is still lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of soy derived isoflavones over hot flushes, menopausal symptoms and mood in climacteric women with increased body mass index (BMI). METHODS Fifty symptomatic climacteric women aged 40 to 59 with increased BMI (≥ 25) were recruited to receive oral 100 mg/day of soy derived isoflavones (Climasoy) for 3 months. Hot flushes (frequency/intensity), menopausal symptoms (Menopause Rating Scale [MRS]) and mood (Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale [HDRS]) were evaluated at baseline and at 90 days. RESULTS A total of 45 women completed the study. After 3 months of soy isoflavone supplementation hot flushes significantly decreased in percentage, number and severity (100% to 31.1%; 3.9 ± 2.3 to 0.4 ± 0.8 and 2.6 ± 0.9 to 0.4 ± 0.8, respectively, p < 0.001). MRS scores (total and for subscales) reflecting general menopausal symptoms also significantly decreased compared to baseline. Regarding mood, after three months total HDRS scores and the rate of women presenting depressed mood (scores ≥ 8) significantly decreased (16.3 ± 5.4 to 6.9 ± 5.2 and 93.3% to 28.9%, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no effect on blood pressure levels or BMI values after treatment. CONCLUSION In this high risk climacteric population, soy derived isoflavone treatment improved mood as well as vasomotor and general menopausal symptoms. More research is required to determine if the positive effect over mood is a direct or an indirect one through hot flush alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chedraui
- Instituto para La Salud de La Mujer, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
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87
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Pérez-López FR, Chedraui P, Fernández-Alonso AM. Vitamin D and aging: beyond calcium and bone metabolism. Maturitas 2011; 69:27-36. [PMID: 21429678 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels are common and may be associated with morbidity and mortality (and indeed with frailty more generally). This association is not restricted to the links between vitamin D and calcium and bone metabolism. OBJECTIVE To review the influences of vitamin D on the aging process other than those related to bone and calcium. Its effect on mortality is also assessed. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for English-language articles relating to vitamin D, using the following MeSH terms: vitamin D, mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and frailty. In addition, searches were carried out with Google. RESULTS Although some of the reported results have proved controversial, overall the evidence seems to support an association between low serum 25[OH]D levels and mortality rates (all-cause and cardiovascular). Frailty is a condition frequently associated with low serum 25[OH]D levels. CONCLUSION The aging process and mortality are associated with low vitamin D levels. Prospective controlled trials are warranted to determine whether vitamin D supplements can increase longevity and reduce the incidence of certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino R Pérez-López
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Nutrition transition and health status of Cretan women: evidence from two generations. Public Health Nutr 2011; 14:793-800. [PMID: 21272421 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980010003010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has suggested the abandonment of the traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) by youngsters for a more Westernized regime. The present study aimed (i) to delineate differences in the consumption of traditional Cretan dishes and key nutrients in the MD between two contiguous generations of women and (ii) define how these dietary changes contribute to the morbidity of the younger generation. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING The island of Crete, Greece. SUBJECTS Eighty pairs of mothers and daughters, all living in their own households, were recruited from Crete. Information regarding the consumption of traditional Cretan dishes and two previous-day recalls were collected. The health status of the participants was also recorded. Simple correspondence analysis (SCA) was used to assess associations between differences in the food intake of daughters compared with their mothers and the prevalence of disease. RESULTS The younger women showed increased intakes of rusks and meat dishes and decreased consumption of green vegetables, pulses and wine compared with their mothers. When nutrients were accounted for, only sugar consumption of the younger women surpassed the intake reported by their mothers. SCA associated hypercholesterolaemia in the daughters with increased cheese and meat intakes; allergies and respiratory problems were associated with lower cheese, fish and oil intakes; being overweight was associated with higher baked goods, oils, desserts, fish and alcohol intakes; and Fe-deficiency anaemia was associated with lower consumption of green vegetables. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that, although a trend towards a more Westernized diet was noted in the younger women, the differences between the two generations appear to be small. Therefore, in Crete, the MD is still the primary diet regime.
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Alavi A, Goodfellow L, Fraser O, Tarelli E, Bland M, Axford J. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to explore the efficacy of a dietary plant-derived polysaccharide supplement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:1111-9. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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91
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Duarte D, Santos-Araújo C, Leite-Moreira AF. Hypertension and angiogenesis in the aging kidney: a review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2010; 52:e93-102. [PMID: 21176977 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2010.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
With advanced aging, main components of the kidney are altered, including blood vessels, glomeruli and tubulointerstitium. Disruption in these 3 elements is interconnected and associated with several modifications, such as loss of kidney mass and systemic, metabolic and immunologic diseases. In this review we focus on renal blood vessels, the key role of hypertension and angiogenesis in the elderly kidney, the hemodynamic and molecular mechanisms underlying this aging process and the main factors involved. So far, the present data suggests a strong association between renal disease and hypertension and the impairment of regulatory mechanisms, such as angiogenesis in the aging kidney. The endothelium is a key player in vascular control and appears to be also disrupted in many compensatory functions (i.e., vasodilation). Perspectives for the management of the dysfunctional aging kidney are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfim Duarte
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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92
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Can AS, Uysal C, Palaoğlu KE. Short term effects of a low-carbohydrate diet in overweight and obese subjects with low HDL-C levels. BMC Endocr Disord 2010; 10:18. [PMID: 21062488 PMCID: PMC2994852 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-10-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term effects of a low-carbohydrate diet in overweight and obese subjects with low HDL-C levels. METHODS Overweight (BMI between 25-30 kg/m2) or obese (BMI over 30 kg/m2) subjects with low HDL-C levels (men with HDL-C <1.03, women <1.29 mmol/l) were invited to the study. A 1400 kcal 75-gram carbohydrate (CHO) diet was given to women and an 1800 kcal 100-gram CHO diet was given to men for four weeks. The distribution of daily energy of the prescribed diet was 21-22% from CHO, 26-29% from protein and 49-53% from fat. Subjects completed a three-day dietary intake record before each visit. Anthropometric indices, body fat ratio, blood lipids, glucose and insulin were measured. Baseline and week-four results were compared with a Wilcoxon signed ranks test. RESULTS Twenty-five women and 18 men participated. Basal median LDL-C level of men was 3.11 and basal median LDL-C level of women was 3.00 mmol/l. After four weeks of a low-carbohydrate diet, the median energy intake decreased from 1901 to 1307 kcal/day, daily energy from carbohydrate from 55% to 33%, body weight from 87.7 to 83.0 kg and HDL-C increased from 0.83 to 0.96 mmol/l in men (p < 0.002, for all). After four weeks of a low-carbohydrate diet, the median energy intake tended to decrease (from 1463 to 1243 kcal, p = 0.052), daily energy from carbohydrate decreased from 53% to 30% (p < 0.001) and body weight decreased from 73.2 to 70.8 kg (p < 0.001) in women, but HDL-C did not significantly change (from 1.03 to 1.01 mmol/l, p = 0.165). There were significant decreases in body mass index, waist circumference, body fat ratio, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin levels in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS HDL-C levels increased significantly with energy restriction, carbohydrate restriction and weight loss in men. HDL-C levels didn't change in women in whom there was no significant energy restriction but a significant carbohydrate restriction and a relatively small but significant weight loss. Our results suggest that both energy and carbohydrate restriction should be considered in overweight and obese subjects with low HDL-C levels, especially when LDL-C levels are not elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Selçuk Can
- Department of Medicine, Kadir Has University, Faculty of Medicine, Vefa Bey Sokak, No: 5, 34349, Gayrettepe, Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Uysal
- Medical Nutrition Center, Sezai Selek Sokak, No: 14/11, Nişantaşı, Şişli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K Erhan Palaoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Vehbi Koç Foundation American Hospital, Güzelbahçe Sokak, No: 20, Nişantaşı, Şişli, Istanbul, Turkey
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Fernández-Alonso AM, Cuadros JL, Chedraui P, Mendoza M, Cuadros ÁM, Pérez-López FR. Obesity is Related to Increased Menopausal Symptoms among Spanish Women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 16:105-10. [DOI: 10.1258/mi.2010.010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To assess the metabolic syndrome (METS) and its components in postmenopausal women using updated diagnostic criteria and explore their relation to menopausal symptom severity. Method. Medical records of the first visit of 574 postmenopausal Caucasian Spanish women attending a menopause clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Recorded information included general demographic data, type of menopause, menopausal symptom intensity (Kupperman index) and baseline hormonal and metabolic parameters. METS was established if three or more of the following criteria were met: body mass index (BMI) >28.8 kg/m2, fasting glycaemia >100 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <50 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL and blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg. Results Mean ± SD age of the whole cohort was 49.9 ± 6.1 years, 66% had natural menopause and 38.9% were obese. In all, 23.1% met diagnostic criteria for METS who were significantly older and displayed higher rates of being married, obesity and abnormal glucose, triglyceride, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure values, when compared with those without the syndrome. The mean Kupperman index score for the whole sample was 26.4 ± 10.6, with 73.8% displaying moderate to severe scores (20 or more). Logistic regression analysis determined that obesity and marriage status were independent risk factors related to more severe menopausal symptoms (Kupperman index scores of 20 or more). Conclusion. Although METS was observed in a lower frequency than previous reports, obesity was associated with more severe menopausal symptoms among postmenopausal Spanish women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Fernández-Alonso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José l Cuadros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cató lica de Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Marcela Mendoza
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cató lica de Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Ángela M Cuadros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Faustino R Pérez-López
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Zaragoza Hospital Clínico, Zaragoza, Spain
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Blood pressure lowering effect of lactotripeptides assumed as functional foods: a meta-analysis of current available clinical trials. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 25:425-36. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2010.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Effects of nutraceuticals on prevalence of metabolic syndrome and on calculated Framingham Risk Score in individuals with dyslipidemia. J Hypertens 2010; 28:1482-7. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283395208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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97
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Pérez-López FR, Cuadros-López JL, Fernández-Alonso AM, Cuadros-Celorrio AM, Sabatel-López RM, Chedraui P. Assessing fatal cardiovascular disease risk with the SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) scale in post-menopausal women 10 years after different hormone treatment regimens. Gynecol Endocrinol 2010; 26:533-8. [PMID: 19916873 DOI: 10.3109/09513590903367028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess fatal cardiovascular disease (FCD) risk among women in early post-menopausal years, as evaluated with the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) scale. DESIGN This was a retrospective study of parallel cohorts. Two hundred seventy-three healthy post-menopausal women. Participants received one of the following hormone treatment (HT) regimens: transdermal estradiol (50 microg) (n = 99), sequential cyclic HT with transdermal estradiol (50 microg/day) plus 200 mg/day natural micronised oral progesterone (cycle days 12-25) (n = 63) and combined HT using transdermal estradiol (50 microg) plus 100 mg/day of micronised oral progesterone (n = 61). A group of women who elected not to use HT served as control group (n = 50). SCORE values were assessed before HT or follow up. RESULTS Only one woman displayed a high-risk SCORE value both before and after 10 years of HT, the remaining had low risk values (<5%) for FCD. After 10 years, SCORE values increased significantly as compared to baseline among HT users (all three regimens) and controls. Although post-treatment SCORE values significantly differed among groups, values were all below the high risk cut-off (5%). There were no FCD events during the 10 year observation period. CONCLUSION As assessed with the SCORE scale, FCD risk in young post-menopausal women (HT users and controls) had a slight significant increase after 10 years, being values in the low risk range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino R Pérez-López
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Zaragoza Hospital Clínico, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Pérez-López FR, Larrad-Mur L, Kallen A, Chedraui P, Taylor HS. Gender differences in cardiovascular disease: hormonal and biochemical influences. Reprod Sci 2010; 17:511-31. [PMID: 20460551 PMCID: PMC3107852 DOI: 10.1177/1933719110367829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is a complex process characterized by an increase in vascular wall thickness owing to the accumulation of cells and extracellular matrix between the endothelium and the smooth muscle cell wall. There is evidence that females are at lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) as compared to males. This has led to an interest in examining the contribution of genetic background and sex hormones to the development of CVD. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of factors, including those related to gender, that influence CVD. METHODS Evidence analysis from PubMed and individual searches concerning biochemical and endocrine influences and gender differences, which affect the origin and development of CVD. RESULTS Although still controversial, evidence suggests that hormones including estradiol and androgens are responsible for subtle cardiovascular changes long before the development of overt atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Exposure to sex hormones throughout an individual's lifespan modulates many endocrine factors involved in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino R Pérez-López
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Clínico de Zaragoza Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
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