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Ha BG, Park JE, Shin EJ, Shon YH. Effects of balanced deep-sea water on adipocyte hypertrophy and liver steatosis in high-fat, diet-induced obese mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1669-78. [PMID: 24634394 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of balanced deep-sea water (BDSW) on adipocyte hypertrophy and liver steatosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. METHODS BDSW was prepared by mixing deep-sea water (DSW) mineral extracts and desalinated water. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet or HFD with or without BDSW with different hardness (500, 1000, or 2000) for 20 weeks. RESULTS BDSW suppressed body weight gain in HFD-fed mice. Histopathologic assays of the fat and liver revealed that BDSW inhibited the increase in adipocyte size and improved severe liver steatosis in HFD-fed mice. BDSW suppressed the expression of adipogenic, lipogenic, lipolytic, and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and increased the expression of adipokines and β-oxidation genes in fat. In the liver, BDSW suppressed the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis, and increased the expression of genes related to β-oxidation. Furthermore, BDSW improved the impaired phosphorylation of IRS-1, LKB1, AMPK, and mTOR in fat and liver tissues of HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that BDSW has potential as an anti-lipidemic agent, given its ability to suppress body weight gain and liver steatosis through the regulation of lipid metabolism by signal molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Geun Ha
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Wang Y, Song Z, Everaert N, De Ketelaere B, Willemsen H, Decuypere E, Buyse J. The anorectic effects of alpha-lipoicacid are mediated by central AMPK and are not due to taste aversion in chicken (Gallus gallus). Physiol Behav 2014; 132:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Effect of dietary α-lipoic acid on the mRNA expression of genes involved in drug metabolism and antioxidation system in rat liver. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:295-308. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the mRNA levels of hepatic proteins involved in the drug metabolism of rats fed α-lipoic acid were evaluated by DNA microarray and real-time PCR analyses. Experimental diets containing 0, 0·1, 0·25 and 0·5 % (w/w) α-lipoic acid were fed to four groups of rats consisting of seven animals each for 21 d. DNA microarray analysis revealed that the diet containing 0·5 % α-lipoic acid significantly (P< 0·05) increased the mRNA levels of various phase I drug-metabolising enzymes up to 15-fold and phase II enzymes up to 52-fold in an isoenzyme-specific manner. α-Lipoic acid also up-regulated the mRNA levels of some members of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily, presumed to be involved in the exportation of xenobiotics, up to 6·6-fold. In addition, we observed that α-lipoic acid increased the mRNA levels of many proteins involved in antioxidation, such as members of the thiol redox system (up to 5·5-fold), metallothioneins (up to 12-fold) and haeme oxygenase 1 (1·5-fold). These results were confirmed using real-time PCR analysis, and α-lipoic acid dose dependently increased the mRNA levels of various proteins involved in drug metabolism and antioxidation. Consistent with these observations, α-lipoic acid dose dependently increased the hepatic concentration of glutathione and the activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase measured using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene as substrates, but decreased the hepatic and serum concentrations of malondialdehyde. In conclusion, the present study unequivocally demonstrated that α-lipoic acid increases the mRNA expression of proteins involved in drug metabolism and antioxidation in the liver.
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Kütter MT, Romano LA, Ventura-Lima J, Tesser MB, Monserrat JM. Antioxidant and toxicological effects elicited by alpha-lipoic acid in aquatic organisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 162:70-6. [PMID: 24704542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) is a disulfide-containing compound derived from octanoic acid that is synthesized in mitochondria. This molecule acts as a co-factor for mitochondrial enzymes that catalyze oxidative decarboxylation reactions. Several antioxidant properties of LA enable it to be considered as an "ideal antioxidant", having diverse benefits that allow it to deal with environmental or biological stress. Some of the effects induced by LA in aquatic organisms render it suitable for use in aquaculture. However, it is necessary to determine the appropriate dose(s) to be used with different species and even organs to maximize the beneficial antioxidant and detoxifying effects and to minimize the pro-oxidant toxic effects. This review analyzes and compiles existing data from aquatic organisms in which both benefits and drawbacks of LA have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Kütter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, C.P. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brasil
| | - L A Romano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, C.P. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brasil; Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Laboratório de Patologia e Imunologia de Organismos Aquáticos, FURG, Brasil
| | - J Ventura-Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, C.P. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brasil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), FURG, Brasil
| | - M B Tesser
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, C.P. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brasil; Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Laboratório de Nutrição de Organismos Aquáticos, FURG, Brazil
| | - J M Monserrat
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, C.P. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, C.P. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brasil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), FURG, Brasil.
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Nikolai S, Huebbe P, Metges CC, Schloesser A, Dose J, Ikuta N, Terao K, Matsugo S, Rimbach G. R-α lipoic acid γ-cyclodextrin complex increases energy expenditure: a 4-month feeding study in mice. Nutrition 2014; 30:228-33. [PMID: 24377457 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A high-fat diet (HFD) affects energy expenditure in laboratory rodents. R-α lipoic acid cyclodextrin (RALA-CD) complex is a stable form of lipoic acid (LA) and may improve energy expenditure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of RALA-CD on energy expenditure and underlying molecular targets in female laboratory mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD containing 0.1% LA for about 16 wk. The effects on energy expenditure, gene and protein expression were assessed using indirect calorimetry, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Supplementing mice with RALA-CD resulted in a significant increase in energy expenditure. However, both RALA per se (without γ-cyclodextrin) and S-α lipoic acid cyclodextrin did not significantly alter energy expenditure. Furthermore RALA-CD changed expression of genes encoding proteins centrally involved in energy metabolism. Transcriptional key regulators sirtuin 3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, coactivator 1 alpha, as well as thyroid related enzyme type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase were up-regulated in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of RALA-CD-fed mice. Importantly, mRNA and/or protein expression of downstream effectors uncoupling protein (Ucp) 1 and 3 also were elevated in BAT from RALA-CD-supplemented mice. CONCLUSION Overall, present data suggest that RALA-CD is a regulator of energy expenditure in laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Nikolai
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Anke Schloesser
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Janina Dose
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Naoko Ikuta
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; School of Natural Systems, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | | | - Seiichi Matsugo
- School of Natural Systems, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany.
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Lv C, Wu C, Zhou YH, Shao Y, Wang G, Wang QY. Alpha Lipoic Acid Modulated High Glucose-Induced Rat Mesangial Cell Dysfunction via mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 Pathway. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:658589. [PMID: 25530759 PMCID: PMC4229972 DOI: 10.1155/2014/658589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether alpha lipoic acid (LA) regulates high glucose-induced mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production via mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 signaling. The effect of LA on high glucose-induced cell proliferation, fibronectin (FN), and collagen type I (collagen-I) expression and its mechanisms were examined in cultured rat mesangial cells by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, ELISA assay, and western blot, respectively. LA at a relatively low concentration (0.25 mmol/L) acted as a growth factor in rat mesangial cells, promoted entry of cell cycle into S phase, extracellular matrix formation, and phosphorylated AKT, mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1. These effects disappeared when AKT expression was downregulated with PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002. Conversely, LA at a higher concentration (1.0 mmol/L) inhibited high glucose-induced rat mesangial cell proliferation, entry of cell cycle into S phase, and extracellular matrix exertion, as well as phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1 but enhanced the activity of AMPK. However, these effects disappeared when AMPK activity was inhibited with CaMKK inhibitor STO-609. These results suggest that LA dose-dependently regulates mesangial cell proliferation and matrix protein secretion by mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 signaling pathway under high glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Lv
- Division of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Can Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yue-hong Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Shenyang No. 8 Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Clinical Medicine of Seven-Year Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Qiu-yue Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
- *Qiu-yue Wang:
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Kanazawa Y, Maekawa K, Okumura Y, Fujita N, Fujino H. Preventive effect of nucleoprotein on hindlimb unloading-induced capillary regression in rat soleus muscle. Biotech Histochem 2013; 89:220-7. [PMID: 24063644 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.835444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the preventive effects of nucleoprotein on capillary regression and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by unloading in the soleus muscle of rats. Nucleoprotein is a supplement made from soft roe of salmon, and its major components are nucleotides and protamine. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into control, hindlimb unloading (HU), and hindlimb unloading plus nucleoprotein administration (HU+ NP) groups. Hindlimb unloading was carried out for 2 weeks in the rats belonging to the HU and the HU+ NP groups. The rats of the HU+ NP group were administered nucleoprotein (500 mg/kg) using a feeding needle twice a day for 2 weeks. Hindlimb unloading resulted in capillary regression, decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity of the muscle fiber, and decreased PGC-1α expression in the soleus muscle. These effects were prevented by administration of nucleoprotein. Nucleoprotein appears to prevent capillary regression and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by unloading of the skeletal muscle. Therefore, nucleoprotein supplementation may be an effective therapy for maintaining capillary network and mitochondrial metabolism of the muscle fiber during an unloading period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kanazawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care , Takarazuka 666-0162
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Fernández-Galilea M, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Antiobesity effects of α-lipoic acid supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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59
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AL-Rasheed NM, Al-Rasheed NM, Attia HA, Hasan IH, Al-Amin M, Al-Ajmi H, Mohamad RA. Adverse cardiac responses to alpha-lipoic acid in a rat-diabetic model: possible mechanisms? J Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:761-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abadi A, Crane JD, Ogborn D, Hettinga B, Akhtar M, Stokl A, MacNeil L, Safdar A, Tarnopolsky M. Supplementation with α-lipoic acid, CoQ10, and vitamin E augments running performance and mitochondrial function in female mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60722. [PMID: 23565271 PMCID: PMC3614986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant supplements are widely consumed by the general public; however, their effects of on exercise performance are controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an antioxidant cocktail (α-lipoic acid, vitamin E and coenzyme Q10) on exercise performance, muscle function and training adaptations in mice. C57Bl/J6 mice were placed on antioxidant supplement or placebo-control diets (n = 36/group) and divided into trained (8 wks treadmill running) (n = 12/group) and untrained groups (n = 24/group). Antioxidant supplementation had no effect on the running performance of trained mice nor did it affect training adaptations; however, untrained female mice that received antioxidants performed significantly better than placebo-control mice (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, antioxidant-supplemented females (untrained) showed elevated respiratory capacity in freshly excised muscle fibers (quadriceps femoris) (p ≤ 0.05), reduced oxidative damage to muscle proteins (p ≤ 0.05), and increased expression of mitochondrial proteins (p ≤ 0.05) compared to placebo-controls. These changes were attributed to increased expression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) (p ≤ 0.05) via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (p ≤ 0.05) by antioxidant supplementation. Overall, these results indicate that this antioxidant supplement exerts gender specific effects; augmenting performance and mitochondrial function in untrained females, but does not attenuate training adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkan Abadi
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin D. Crane
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Ogborn
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bart Hettinga
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahmood Akhtar
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Stokl
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren MacNeil
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adeel Safdar
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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α-Lipoic Acid Interaction with Dopamine D2 Receptor-Dependent Activation of the Akt/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway Induced by Antipsychotics: Potential Relevance for the Treatment of Schizophrenia. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 50:134-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yang Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Guo T, Chen P, Ma K, Zhou C. α-lipoic acid inhibits high glucose-induced apoptosis in HIT-T15 cells. Dev Growth Differ 2012; 54:557-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2012.01356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; 38 Xueyuan Road; Beijing; 100191; China
| | - Yinan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; 38 Xueyuan Road; Beijing; 100191; China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; 38 Xueyuan Road; Beijing; 100191; China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; 38 Xueyuan Road; Beijing; 100191; China
| | - Kangtao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; 38 Xueyuan Road; Beijing; 100191; China
| | - Chunyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; 38 Xueyuan Road; Beijing; 100191; China
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Lipoic acid administration prevents nonalcoholic steatosis linked to long-term high-fat feeding by modulating mitochondrial function. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1676-84. [PMID: 22464149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatosis is an important hepatic complication of obesity linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Furthermore, lipoic acid has been reported to have beneficial effects on mitochondrial function. In this study, we analyzed the potential protective effect of lipoic acid supplementation against the development of nonalcoholic steatosis associated with a long-term high-fat diet feeding and the potential mechanism of this effect. Wistar rats were fed on a standard diet (n=10), a high-fat diet (n=10) and a high-fat diet supplemented with lipoic acid (n=10). A group pair-fed to the latter group (n=6) was also included. Lipoic acid prevented hepatic triglyceride accumulation and liver damage in rats fed a high-fat diet (-68%±11.3% vs. obese group) through the modulation of genes involved in lipogenesis and mitochondrial β-oxidation and by improving insulin sensitivity. Moreover, this molecule showed an inhibitory action on electron transport chain complexes activities (P<.01-P<.001) and adenosine triphosphate synthesis (P<.05), and reduced significantly energy efficiency. By contrast, lipoic acid induced an increase in mitochondrial copy number and in Ucp2 gene expression (P<.001 vs. obese). In summary, this investigation demonstrated the ability of lipoic acid to prevent nonalcoholic steatosis induced by a high-fat intake. Finally, the novelty and importance of this study are the finding of how lipoic acid modulates some of the mitochondrial processes involved in energy homeostasis. The reduction in mitochondrial energy efficiency could also explain, at least in part, the beneficial effects of lipoic acid not only in fatty liver but also in preventing excessive body weight gain.
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Golbidi S, Badran M, Laher I. Diabetes and alpha lipoic Acid. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:69. [PMID: 22125537 PMCID: PMC3221300 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multi-faceted metabolic disorder where there is increased oxidative stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of this debilitating disease. This has prompted several investigations into the use of antioxidants as a complementary therapeutic approach. Alpha lipoic acid, a naturally occurring dithiol compound which plays an essential role in mitochondrial bioenergetic reactions, has gained considerable attention as an antioxidant for use in managing diabetic complications. Lipoic acid quenches reactive oxygen species, chelates metal ions, and reduces the oxidized forms of other antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and glutathione. It also boosts antioxidant defense system through Nrf-2-mediated antioxidant gene expression and by modulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors-regulated genes. ALA inhibits nuclear factor kappa B and activates AMPK in skeletal muscles, which in turn have a plethora of metabolic consequences. These diverse actions suggest that lipoic acid acts by multiple mechanisms, many of which have only been uncovered recently. In this review we briefly summarize the known biochemical properties of lipoic acid and then discussed the oxidative mechanisms implicated in diabetic complications and the mechanisms by which lipoic acid may ameliorate these reactions. The findings of some of the clinical trials in which lipoic acid administration has been tested in diabetic patients during the last 10 years are summarized. It appears that the clearest benefit of lipoic acid supplementation is in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Golbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Bioactive food components, cancer cell growth limitation and reversal of glycolytic metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:697-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shi X, Li X, Wang Y, Zhang K, Zhou F, Chan L, Li D, Guan X. Glucagon-like peptide-2-stimulated protein synthesis through the PI 3-kinase-dependent Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E554-63. [PMID: 21177288 PMCID: PMC3279303 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00620.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a nutrient-responsive neuropeptide that exerts diverse actions in the gastrointestinal tract, including enhancing mucosal cell survival and proliferation. GLP-2 stimulates mucosal growth in vivo with an increased rate of protein synthesis. However, it was unclear whether GLP-2 can directly stimulate protein synthesis. The objective was to test critically whether GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) activation directly stimulates protein synthesis through a PI 3-kinase-dependent Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. HEK 293 cells (transfected with human GLP-2R cDNA) were treated with human GLP-2 with/without pretreatment of PI 3-kinase inhibitor (LY-294002) or mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin). Results show that 1) GLP-2 specifically bound to GLP-2R overexpressed in the HEK cells with K(a) = 0.22 nM and B(max) = 321 fmol/μg protein; 2) GLP-2-stimulated protein synthesis was dependent on the amount of GLP-2R cDNA and the dosage of GLP-2 and reached the plateau among 0.2-2 nM GLP-2; 3) GLP-2-stimulated protein synthesis was abolished by the PI 3-kinase inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor; and 4) GLP-2-mediated stimulation of phosphorylation on Akt and mTOR was dependent on the amount of GLP-2R cDNA transfected and the dosage of GLP-2. In addition, GLP-2-mediated action and signaling in regulation of protein synthesis were confirmed in mouse hippocampal neurons (expressing native GLP-2R). GLP-2 directly stimulated protein synthesis of primary cultured neurons in dosage-dependent, PI 3-kinase-dependent, and rapamycin-sensitive manners, which linked with activation of Akt-mTOR signaling pathway as well. We conclude that GLP-2R activation directly stimulates protein synthesis by activating the PI 3-kinase-dependent Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. GLP-2-stimulated protein synthesis may be physiologically relevant to maintaining neuronal long-term potentiation and providing secondary mediators (namely neuropeptides or growth factors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Shi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Dept. of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Prieto-Hontoria PL, Pérez-Matute P, Fernández-Galilea M, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Lipoic acid inhibits leptin secretion and Sp1 activity in adipocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1059-69. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Role of obesity-associated dysfunctional adipose tissue in cancer: a molecular nutrition approach. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:664-78. [PMID: 21111705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease caused by the interaction of a myriad of genetic, dietary, lifestyle and environmental factors, which favors a chronic positive energy balance, leading to increased body fat mass. There is emerging evidence of a strong association between obesity and an increased risk of cancer. However, the mechanisms linking both diseases are not fully understood. Here, we analyze the current knowledge about the potential contribution that expanding adipose tissue in obesity could make to the development of cancer via dysregulated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adipokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, adiponectin, visfatin and PAI-1. Dietary factors play an important role in the risk of suffering obesity and cancer. The identification of bioactive dietary factors or substances that affect some of the components of energy balance to prevent/reduce weight gain as well as cancer is a promising avenue of research. This article reviews the beneficial effects of some bioactive food molecules (n-3 PUFA, CLA, resveratrol and lipoic acid) in energy metabolism and cancer, focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved, which may provide new therapeutic targets in obesity and cancer.
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Packer L, Cadenas E. Lipoic acid: energy metabolism and redox regulation of transcription and cell signaling. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 48:26-32. [PMID: 21297908 PMCID: PMC3022059 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-005fr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lester Packer
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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