51
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He Y, Ling Y, Zhang Z, Mertens RT, Cao Q, Xu X, Guo K, Shi Q, Zhang X, Huo L, Wang K, Guo H, Shen W, Shen M, Feng W, Xiao P. Butyrate reverses ferroptosis resistance in colorectal cancer by inducing c-Fos-dependent xCT suppression. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102822. [PMID: 37494767 PMCID: PMC10388208 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis has emerged to be a promising approach in cancer therapies; however, colorectal cancer (CRC) is relatively insensitive to ferroptosis. Exactly how the gut microenvironment impacts the ferroptotic sensitivity of CRC remains unknown. Herein, by performing metabolomics, we discovered that butyrate concentrations were significantly decreased in CRC patients. Butyrate supplementation sensitized CRC mice to ferroptosis induction, showing great in vivo translatability. Particularly, butyrate treatment reduced ferroptotic resistance of cancer stem cells. Mechanistically, butyrate inhibited xCT expression and xCT-dependent glutathione synthesis. Moreover, we identified c-Fos as a novel xCT suppressor, and further elucidated that butyrate induced c-Fos expression via disrupting class I HDAC activity. In CRC patients, butyrate negatively correlated with tumor xCT expression and positively correlated with c-Fos expression. Finally, butyrate was found to boost the pro-ferroptotic function of oxaliplatin (OXA). Immunohistochemistry data showed that OXA non-responders exhibited higher xCT expression compared to OXA responders. Hence, butyrate supplementation is a promising approach to break the ferroptosis resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Yuhang Ling
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | | | - Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xutao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ke Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Qian Shi
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Lixia Huo
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Huihui Guo
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Weiyun Shen
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Manlu Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Wenming Feng
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China.
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Han X, Ma Y, Ding S, Fang J, Liu G. Regulation of dietary fiber on intestinal microorganisms and its effects on animal health. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:356-369. [PMID: 37635930 PMCID: PMC10448034 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The animal gut harbors diverse microbes that play an essential role in the well-being of their host. Specific diets, such as those rich in dietary fiber, are vital in disease prevention and treatment because they affect intestinal flora and have a positive impact on the metabolism, immunity, and intestinal function of the host. Dietary fiber can provide energy to colonic epithelial cells, regulate the structure and metabolism of intestinal flora, promote the production of intestinal mucosa, stimulate intestinal motility, improve glycemic and lipid responses, and regulate the digestion and absorption of nutrients, which is mainly attributed to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which is the metabolite of dietary fiber. By binding with G protein-coupled receptors (including GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109A) and inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylases, SCFA regulate appetite and glucolipid metabolism, promote the function of the intestinal barrier, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, and maintain immune system homeostasis. This paper reviews the physicochemical properties of dietary fiber, the interaction between dietary fiber and intestinal microorganisms, the role of dietary fiber in maintaining intestinal health, and the function of SCFA, the metabolite of dietary fiber, in inhibiting inflammation. Furthermore, we consider the effects of dietary fiber on the intestinal health of pigs, the reproduction and lactation performance of sows, and the growth performance and meat quality of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Han
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Yong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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Feitelson MA, Arzumanyan A, Medhat A, Spector I. Short-chain fatty acids in cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:677-698. [PMID: 37432606 PMCID: PMC10584782 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-step process that can be viewed as a cellular and immunological shift away from homeostasis in response to selected infectious agents, mutations, diet, and environmental carcinogens. Homeostasis, which contributes importantly to the definition of "health," is maintained, in part by the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are metabolites of specific gut bacteria. Alteration in the composition of gut bacteria, or dysbiosis, is often a major risk factor for some two dozen tumor types. Dysbiosis is often characterized by diminished levels of SCFAs in the stool, and the presence of a "leaky gut," permitting the penetration of microbes and microbial derived molecules (e.g., lipopolysaccharides) through the gut wall, thereby triggering chronic inflammation. SCFAs attenuate inflammation by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor kappa B, by decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, by stimulating the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor beta, and by promoting the differentiation of naïve T cells into T regulatory cells, which down-regulate immune responses by immunomodulation. SCFA function epigenetically by inhibiting selected histone acetyltransferases that alter the expression of multiple genes and the activity of many signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, Hedgehog, Hippo, and Notch) that contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer. SCFAs block cancer stem cell proliferation, thereby potentially delaying or inhibiting cancer development or relapse by targeting genes and pathways that are mutated in tumors (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor, hepatocyte growth factor, and MET) and by promoting the expression of tumor suppressors (e.g., by up-regulating PTEN and p53). When administered properly, SCFAs have many advantages compared to probiotic bacteria and fecal transplants. In carcinogenesis, SCFAs are toxic against tumor cells but not to surrounding tissue due to differences in their metabolic fate. Multiple hallmarks of cancer are also targets of SCFAs. These data suggest that SCFAs may re-establish homeostasis without overt toxicity and either delay or prevent the development of various tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Feitelson
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Arvin Medhat
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Islamic Azad University Tehran North Branch, Tehran, 1975933411, Iran
| | - Ira Spector
- SFA Therapeutics, Jenkintown, PA, 19046, USA
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Guevara-Ramírez P, Cadena-Ullauri S, Paz-Cruz E, Tamayo-Trujillo R, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Zambrano AK. Role of the gut microbiota in hematologic cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1185787. [PMID: 37692399 PMCID: PMC10485363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1185787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic neoplasms represent 6.5% of all cancers worldwide. They are characterized by the uncontrolled growth of hematopoietic and lymphoid cells and a decreased immune system efficacy. Pathological conditions in hematologic cancer could disrupt the balance of the gut microbiota, potentially promoting the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens. In this review, we highlight studies that analyzed and described the role of gut microbiota in different types of hematologic diseases. For instance, myeloma is often associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Clostridium leptum, while in leukemias, Streptococcus is the most common genus, and Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae are less prevalent. Lymphoma exhibits a moderate reduction in microbiota diversity. Moreover, certain factors such as delivery mode, diet, and other environmental factors can alter the diversity of the microbiota, leading to dysbiosis. This dysbiosis may inhibit the immune response and increase susceptibility to cancer. A comprehensive analysis of microbiota-cancer interactions may be useful for disease management and provide valuable information on host-microbiota dynamics, as well as the possible use of microbiota as a distinguishable marker for cancer progression.
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55
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Zhan L, Su F, Li Q, Wen Y, Wei F, He Z, Chen X, Yin X, Wang J, Cai Y, Gong Y, Chen Y, Ma X, Zeng J. Phytochemicals targeting glycolysis in colorectal cancer therapy: effects and mechanisms of action. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1257450. [PMID: 37693915 PMCID: PMC10484417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1257450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor in the world, and it is prone to recurrence and metastasis during treatment. Aerobic glycolysis is one of the main characteristics of tumor cell metabolism in CRC. Tumor cells rely on glycolysis to rapidly consume glucose and to obtain more lactate and intermediate macromolecular products so as to maintain growth and proliferation. The regulation of the CRC glycolysis pathway is closely associated with several signal transduction pathways and transcription factors including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), myc, and p53. Targeting the glycolytic pathway has become one of the key research aspects in CRC therapy. Many phytochemicals were shown to exert anti-CRC activity by targeting the glycolytic pathway. Here, we review the effects and mechanisms of phytochemicals on CRC glycolytic pathways, providing a new method of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhan
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangting Su
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhelin He
- Guang’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang’an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Guang’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang’an, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Guang’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang’an, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Guang’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang’an, China
| | - Yilin Cai
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxia Gong
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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56
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Nicese MN, Bijkerk R, Van Zonneveld AJ, Van den Berg BM, Rotmans JI. Sodium Butyrate as Key Regulator of Mitochondrial Function and Barrier Integrity of Human Glomerular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13090. [PMID: 37685905 PMCID: PMC10487840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as an important modulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. The composition of gut microbiota in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) is altered, where a lower number of bacteria producing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is observed. It is known that SCFAs, such as butyrate and acetate, have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases and CKD but their mechanisms of action remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the effect of butyrate and acetate on glomerular endothelial cells. Human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells (hgMVECs) were cultured and exposed to butyrate and acetate and their effects on cellular proliferation, mitochondrial mass and metabolism, as well as monolayer integrity were studied. While acetate did not show any effects on hgMVECs, our results revealed that butyrate reduces the proliferation of hgMVECs, strengthens the endothelial barrier through increased expression of VE-cadherin and Claudin-5 and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, butyrate reduces the increase in oxygen consumption induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), revealing a protective effect of butyrate against the detrimental effects of LPS. Taken together, our data show that butyrate is a key player in endothelial integrity and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Novella Nicese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.N.); (R.B.); (A.J.V.Z.); (B.M.V.d.B.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.N.); (R.B.); (A.J.V.Z.); (B.M.V.d.B.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan Van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.N.); (R.B.); (A.J.V.Z.); (B.M.V.d.B.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M. Van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.N.); (R.B.); (A.J.V.Z.); (B.M.V.d.B.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I. Rotmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.N.); (R.B.); (A.J.V.Z.); (B.M.V.d.B.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhang D, Jian YP, Zhang YN, Li Y, Gu LT, Sun HH, Liu MD, Zhou HL, Wang YS, Xu ZX. Short-chain fatty acids in diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:212. [PMID: 37596634 PMCID: PMC10436623 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre in the gastrointestinal tract. The absorption of SCFAs is mediated by substrate transporters, such as monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1, which promote cellular metabolism. An increasing number of studies have implicated metabolites produced by microorganisms as crucial executors of diet-based microbial influence on the host. SCFAs are important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and represent a major carbon flux from the diet, that is decomposed by the gut microbiota. SCFAs play a vital role in multiple molecular biological processes, such as promoting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 by IECs to inhibit the elevation of blood glucose, increasing the expression of G protein-coupled receptors such as GPR41 and GPR43, and inhibiting histone deacetylases, which participate in the regulation of the proliferation, differentiation, and function of IECs. SCFAs affect intestinal motility, barrier function, and host metabolism. Furthermore, SCFAs play important regulatory roles in local, intermediate, and peripheral metabolisms. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the major SCFAs, they are involved in the regulation of immunity, apoptosis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. Herein, we review the diverse functional roles of this major class of bacterial metabolites and reflect on their ability to affect intestine, metabolic, and other diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yong-Ping Jian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yu-Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Li-Ting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hui-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ming-Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hong-Lan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yi-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Miya TV, Marima R, Damane BP, Ledet EM, Dlamini Z. Dissecting Microbiome-Derived SCFAs in Prostate Cancer: Analyzing Gut Microbiota, Racial Disparities, and Epigenetic Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4086. [PMID: 37627114 PMCID: PMC10452611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be the most diagnosed cancer and the second primary cause of fatalities in men globally. There is an abundance of scientific evidence suggesting that the human microbiome, together with its metabolites, plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and has a significant impact on the efficacy of anticancer interventions in solid and hematological cancers. These anticancer interventions include chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted therapies. Furthermore, the microbiome can influence systemic and local immune responses using numerous metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Despite the lack of scientific data in terms of the role of SCFAs in PCa pathogenesis, recent studies show that SCFAs have a profound impact on PCa progression. Several studies have reported racial/ethnic disparities in terms of bacterial content in the gut microbiome and SCFA composition. These studies explored microbiome and SCFA racial/ethnic disparities in cancers such as colorectal, colon, cervical, breast, and endometrial cancer. Notably, there are currently no published studies exploring microbiome/SCFA composition racial disparities and their role in PCa carcinogenesis. This review discusses the potential role of the microbiome in PCa development and progression. The involvement of microbiome-derived SCFAs in facilitating PCa carcinogenesis and their effect on PCa therapeutic response, particularly immunotherapy, are discussed. Racial/ethnic differences in microbiome composition and SCFA content in various cancers are also discussed. Lastly, the effects of SCFAs on PCa progression via epigenetic modifications is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabiso Victor Miya
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Level 7, Bridge E, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Elisa Marie Ledet
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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59
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Li Y, Huang Y, Liang H, Wang W, Li B, Liu T, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Qin Y, Zhou X, Wang R, Huang T. The roles and applications of short-chain fatty acids derived from microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in human cancer. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1243390. [PMID: 37614742 PMCID: PMC10442828 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1243390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers (DFs) and their metabolites attract significant attention in research on health and disease, attributing to their effects on regulating metabolism, proliferation, inflammation, and immunity. When fermented by gut microbiota, DFs mainly produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. As the essential nutrients for intestinal epithelial cells, SCFAs maintain intestinal homeostasis and play essential roles in a wide range of biological functions. SCFAs have been found to inhibit histone deacetylase, activate G protein-coupled receptors, and modulate the immune response, which impacts cancer and anti-cancer treatment. Notably, while extensive studies have illuminated the roles of SCFAs in colorectal cancer development, progression, and treatment outcomes, limited evidence is available for other types of cancers. This restricts our understanding of the complex mechanisms and clinical applications of SCFAs in tumors outside the intestinal tract. In this study, we provide a comprehensive summary of the latest evidence on the roles and mechanisms of SCFAs, with a focus on butyric acid and propionic acid, derived from microbial fermentation of DFs in cancer. Additionally, we recapitulate the clinical applications of SCFAs in cancer treatments and offer our perspectives on the challenges, limitations, and prospects of utilizing SCFAs in cancer research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Yaxuan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haili Liang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute of Product Quality Inspection (GXQT), Nanning, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute of Product Quality Inspection (GXQT), Nanning, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yutao Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
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Tosti E, Srivastava N, Edelmann W. Vaccination and Microbiota Manipulation Approaches for Colon Cancer Prevention in Rodent Models. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:429-438. [PMID: 37012205 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer represents the third most common cancer type worldwide and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and Western countries. Rodent models have been invaluable to study the etiology of colorectal cancer and to test novel chemoprevention avenues. In the past, the laboratory mouse has become one of the best preclinical models for these studies due to the availability of genetic information for commonly used mouse strains with well-established and precise gene targeting and transgenic techniques. Well-established chemical mutagenesis technologies are also being used to develop mouse and rat models of colorectal cancer for prevention and treatment studies. In addition, xenotransplantation of cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts has been useful for preclinical prevention studies and drug development. This review focuses on the recent use of rodent models to evaluate the utility of novel strategies in the prevention of colon cancers including immune prevention approaches and the manipulation of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tosti
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nityanand Srivastava
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Qu R, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhou X, Sun L, Jiang C, Zhang Z, Fu W. Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Tumorigenesis or Development of Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205563. [PMID: 37263983 PMCID: PMC10427379 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer of the digestive system with high mortality and morbidity rates. Gut microbiota is found in the intestines, especially the colorectum, and has structured crosstalk interactions with the host that affect several physiological processes. The gut microbiota include CRC-promoting bacterial species, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides fragilis, and CRC-protecting bacterial species, such as Clostridium butyricum, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, which along with other microorganisms, such as viruses and fungi, play critical roles in the development of CRC. Different bacterial features are identified in patients with early-onset CRC, combined with different patterns between fecal and intratumoral microbiota. The gut microbiota may be beneficial in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC; some bacteria may serve as biomarkers while others as regulators of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota play essential roles in the crosstalk with CRC cells. Harmful metabolites include some primary bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, whereas others, including ursodeoxycholic acid and butyrate, are beneficial and impede tumor development and progression. This review focuses on the gut microbiota and its metabolites, and their potential roles in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruize Qu
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Yanpeng Ma
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Lulu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health and Fertility PromotionPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Center of Basic Medical ResearchInstitute of Medical Innovation and ResearchThird HospitalPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University)Ministry of EducationBeijing100191P. R. China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
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Chen A, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Gut microbiota in heart failure and related interventions. IMETA 2023; 2:e125. [PMID: 38867928 PMCID: PMC10989798 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a sophisticated syndrome with structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood, either causing symptoms and signs or being asymptomatic. HF is a major global health issue affecting about 64.3 million people worldwide. The gut microbiota refers to the complex ecosystem of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, in the gut. Studies have revealed that the gut microbiota is associated with many diseases ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular diseases. The gut hypothesis of HF suggests that low cardiac output and systemic circulation congestion would cause insufficient intestinal perfusion, leading to ischemia and intestinal barrier dysfunction. The resulting bacterial translocation would contribute to inflammation. Recent studies have refined the hypothesis that changes of metabolites in the gut microbiota have a close relationship with HF. Thus, the gut microbiota has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for HF due to both its critical role in regulating host physiology and metabolism and its pivotal role in the development of HF. This review article aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the gut microbiota's involvement in HF, including the introduction of the gut hypothesis of HF, its association with HF progression, the potential mechanisms involved mediated by the gut microbiota metabolites, and the impact of various interventions on the gut microbiota, including dietary interventions, probiotic therapy, fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotics, and so on. While the gut hypothesis of HF is refined with up-to-date knowledge and the gut microbiota presents a promising target for HF therapy, further research is still needed to further understand the underlying mechanisms between gut microbiota and HF, the efficacy of these interventions, and contribute to the health of HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An‐Tian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular MedicationsNational Health CommitteeBeijingChina
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
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Hu C, Liao S, Lv L, Li C, Mei Z. Intestinal Immune Imbalance is an Alarm in the Development of IBD. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:1073984. [PMID: 37554552 PMCID: PMC10406561 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1073984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune regulation plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapse bowel disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Clinical treatments for IBD are limited and inefficient. However, the pathogenesis of immune-mediated IBD remains unclear. This review describes the activation of innate and adaptive immune functions by intestinal immune cells to regulate intestinal immune balance and maintain intestinal mucosal integrity. Changes in susceptible genes, autophagy, energy metabolism, and other factors interact in a complex manner with the immune system, eventually leading to intestinal immune imbalance and the onset of IBD. These events indicate that intestinal immune imbalance is an alarm for IBD development, further opening new possibilities for the unprecedented development of immunotherapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shengtao Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chuanfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Huang P, Zhang P, Du J, Gao C, Liu J, Tan Y, Chen S. Association of fecal short-chain fatty acids with clinical severity and gut microbiota in essential tremor and its difference from Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:115. [PMID: 37460569 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of essential tremor (ET) at an early stage can be difficult, especially when distinguishing it from healthy controls (HCs) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, stool sample analysis of gut microbiota and its metabolites provides new ways to detect novel biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as the main metabolites of gut microbiota, were reduced in the feces of PD. However, fecal SCFAs in ET have never been investigated. We aimed to investigate the fecal SCFA levels in ET, assess their relationships with clinical symptoms and gut microbiota, and identify their potential diagnostic abilities. Fecal SCFAs and gut microbiota in 37 ET, 37 de novo PD and 35 HC were measured. Constipation, autonomic dysfunction and tremor severity were evaluated by scales. ET had lower fecal propionic, butyric and isobutyric acid levels than HC. Combined propionic, butyric and isobutyric acid distinguished ET from HC with an AUC of 0.751 (95% CI: 0.634-0.867). ET had lower fecal isovaleric and isobutyric acid levels than PD. Isovaleric and isobutyric acid differentiated ET from PD with an AUC of 0.743 (95% CI: 0.629-0.857). Fecal propionic acid was negatively correlated with constipation and autonomic dysfunction. Isobutyric and isovaleric acid were negatively associated with tremor severity. Lowered fecal SCFAs were related to a decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium and Catenibacterium in ET. In conclusion, fecal SCFAs were decreased in ET and correlated with clinical severity and gut microbiota changes. Fecal propionic, butyric, isobutyric and isovaleric acid might be potential diagnostic and differential diagnostic biomarkers for ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingchen Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
- Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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Martín-Adrados B, Wculek SK, Fernández-Bravo S, Torres-Ruiz R, Valle-Noguera A, Gomez-Sánchez MJ, Hernández-Walias JC, Ferreira FM, Corraliza AM, Sancho D, Esteban V, Rodriguez-Perales S, Cruz-Adalia A, Nakaya HI, Salas A, Bernardo D, Campos-Martín Y, Martínez-Zamorano E, Muñoz-López D, Gómez del Moral M, Cubero FJ, Blumberg RS, Martínez-Naves E. Expression of HMGCS2 in intestinal epithelial cells is downregulated in inflammatory bowel disease associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185517. [PMID: 37457727 PMCID: PMC10348483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Unfolded Protein Response, a mechanism triggered by the cell in response to Endoplasmic reticulum stress, is linked to inflammatory responses. Our aim was to identify novel Unfolded Protein Response-mechanisms that might be involved in triggering or perpetuating the inflammatory response carried out by the Intestinal Epithelial Cells in the context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Methods We analyzed the transcriptional profile of human Intestinal Epithelial Cell lines treated with an Endoplasmic Reticulum stress inducer (thapsigargin) and/or proinflammatory stimuli. Several genes were further analyzed in colonic biopsies from Ulcerative Colitis patients and healthy controls. Lastly, we generated Caco-2 cells lacking HMGCS2 by CRISPR Cas-9 and analyzed the functional implications of its absence in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Results Exposure to a TLR ligand after thapsigargin treatment resulted in a powerful synergistic modulation of gene expression, which led us to identify new genes and pathways that could be involved in inflammatory responses linked to the Unfolded Protein Response. Key differentially expressed genes in the array also exhibited transcriptional alterations in colonic biopsies from active Ulcerative Colitis patients, including NKG2D ligands and the enzyme HMGCS2. Moreover, functional studies showed altered metabolic responses and epithelial barrier integrity in HMGCS2 deficient cell lines. Conclusion We have identified new genes and pathways that are regulated by the Unfolded Protein Response in the context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease including HMGCS2, a gene involved in the metabolism of Short Chain Fatty Acids that may have an important role in intestinal inflammation linked to Endoplasmic Reticulum stress and the resolution of the epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martín-Adrados
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefanie K. Wculek
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernández-Bravo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Torres-Ruiz
- Molecular Cytogenetics & Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Advanced Therapies Unit, Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Valle-Noguera
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Gomez-Sánchez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Hernández-Walias
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana María Corraliza
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodriguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics & Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Cruz-Adalia
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bernardo
- Gut Immunology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)), Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Diego Muñoz-López
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez del Moral
- Department of Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermeddes Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Naves
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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Zhang K, Ji X, Song Z, Song W, Huang Q, Yu T, Shi D, Wang F, Xue X, Guo J. Butyrate inhibits the mitochondrial complex Ι to mediate mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:212. [PMID: 37370057 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecological malignancy with high morbidity worldwide. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by intestinal flora, has been reported to inhibit cervical carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the pro-apoptotic effects of butyrate on CC and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Human HeLa and Ca Ski cells were used in this study. Cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion were detected by CCK-8 and EdU staining, transwell and wound healing assay, respectively. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. Western blot and RT-qPCR were carried out to examine the related genes and proteins to the mitochondrial complex Ι and apoptosis. Metabolite changes were analyzed by energy metabolomics and assay kits. The association between G protein-coupled receptor 41, 43, 109a and CC prognosis was analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS CCK-8 results showed significant inhibition of CC cell proliferation induced by butyrate treatment, which was confirmed by EdU staining and cell cycle detection. Data from the transwell and wound healing assay revealed that CC cell migration was dramatically reduced following butyrate treatment. Additionally, invasiveness was also decreased by butyrate. Western blot analysis showed that cleaved Caspase 3 and cleaved PARP, the enforcers of apoptosis, were increased by butyrate treatment. The results of Annexin V/PI staining and TUNEL also showed an increase in butyrate-induced apoptotic cells. Expression of Cytochrome C (Cytc), Caspase 9, Bax, but not Caspase 12 or 8, were up-regulated under butyrate exposure. Mechanistically, the decrease in mitochondrial NADH and NAD + levels after treatment with butyrate was observed by energy metabolomics and the NAD+/NADH Assay Kit, similar to the effects of the complex Ι inhibitor rotenone. Western blot results also demonstrated that the constituent proteins of mitochondrial complex Ι were reduced by butyrate. Furthermore, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis has been shown to be initiated by inhibition of the complex Ι. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results revealed that butyrate inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of CC cells, and induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial complex Ι.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiawei Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhengyang Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qunjia Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Dibang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Fangyan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Junping Guo
- Wuyunshan Hospital of Hangzhou, Health Promotion and Research Institute of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Chalova P, Tazky A, Skultety L, Minichova L, Chovanec M, Ciernikova S, Mikus P, Piestansky J. Determination of short-chain fatty acids as putative biomarkers of cancer diseases by modern analytical strategies and tools: a review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1110235. [PMID: 37441422 PMCID: PMC10334191 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract. They can be seen as the major flow of carbon from the diet, through the microbiome to the host. SCFAs have been reported as important molecules responsible for the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Moreover, these molecules have a significant impact on the immune system and are able to affect inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes type II, or oncological diseases. For this purpose, SCFAs could be used as putative biomarkers of various diseases, including cancer. A potential diagnostic value may be offered by analyzing SCFAs with the use of advanced analytical approaches such as gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), or capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The presented review summarizes the importance of analyzing SCFAs from clinical and analytical perspective. Current advances in the analysis of SCFAs focused on sample pretreatment, separation strategy, and detection methods are highlighted. Additionally, it also shows potential areas for the development of future diagnostic tools in oncology and other varieties of diseases based on targeted metabolite profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Chalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Tazky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Skultety
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Minichova
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Ciernikova
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Stein RA, Riber L. Epigenetic effects of short-chain fatty acids from the large intestine on host cells. MICROLIFE 2023; 4:uqad032. [PMID: 37441522 PMCID: PMC10335734 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Adult humans harbor at least as many microbial cells as eukaryotic ones. The largest compartment of this diverse microbial population, the gut microbiota, encompasses the collection of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotic organisms that populate the gastrointestinal tract, and represents a complex and dynamic ecosystem that has been increasingly implicated in health and disease. The gut microbiota carries ∼100-to-150-times more genes than the human genome and is intimately involved in development, homeostasis, and disease. Of the several microbial metabolites that have been studied, short-chain fatty acids emerge as a group of molecules that shape gene expression in several types of eukaryotic cells by multiple mechanisms, which include DNA methylation changes, histone post-translational modifications, and microRNA-mediated gene silencing. Butyric acid, one of the most extensively studied short-chain fatty acids, reaches higher concentrations in the colonic lumen, where it provides a source of energy for healthy colonocytes, and its concentrations decrease towards the bottom of the colonic crypts, where stem cells reside. The lower butyric acid concentration in the colonic crypts allows undifferentiated cells, such as stem cells, to progress through the cell cycle, pointing towards the importance of the crypts in providing them with a protective niche. In cancerous colonocytes, which metabolize relatively little butyric acid and mostly rely on glycolysis, butyric acid preferentially acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, leading to decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. A better understanding of the interface between the gut microbiota metabolites and epigenetic changes in eukaryotic cells promises to unravel in more detail processes that occur physiologically and as part of disease, help develop novel biomarkers, and identify new therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Stein
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA. Tel: +1-917-684-9438; E-mail: ;
| | - Leise Riber
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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69
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Liu W, Tan Z, Geng M, Jiang X, Xin Y. Impact of the gut microbiota on angiotensin Ⅱ-related disorders and its mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115659. [PMID: 37330020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) consists of multiple angiotensin peptides and performs various biological functions mediated by distinct receptors. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the major effector of the RAS and affects the occurrence and development of inflammation, diabetes mellitus and its complications, hypertension, and end-organ damage via the Ang II type 1 receptor. Recently, considerable interest has been given to the association and interaction between the gut microbiota and host. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may contribute to cardiovascular diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic inflammatory diseases, and chronic kidney disease. Recent data have confirmed that Ang II can induce an imbalance in the intestinal flora and further aggravate disease progression. Furthermore, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is another player in RAS, alleviates the deleterious effects of Ang II, modulates gut microbial dysbiosis, local and systemic immune responses associated with coronavirus disease 19. Due to the complicated etiology of pathologies, the precise mechanisms that link disease processes with specific characteristics of the gut microbiota remain obscure. This review aims to highlight the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and its metabolites in Ang II-related disease progression, and summarize the possible mechanisms. Deciphering these mechanisms will provide a theoretical basis for novel therapeutic strategies for disease prevention and treatment. Finally, we discuss therapies targeting the gut microbiota to treat Ang II-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zining Tan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Mengrou Geng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Papa V, Schepis T, Coppola G, Chiappetta MF, Del Vecchio LE, Rozera T, Quero G, Gasbarrini A, Alfieri S, Papa A. The Role of Microbiota in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3143. [PMID: 37370753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has an unfavorable prognosis with few effective therapeutic options. This has led researchers to investigate the possible links between microbiota and PC. A disrupted gut microbiome can lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the pathogenesis of PC. In addition, some bacterial strains can produce carcinogens that promote the growth of cancer cells. Research has also focused on pancreatic and oral microbiota. Changes in these microbiota can contribute to the development and progression of PC. Furthermore, patients with periodontal disease have an increased risk of developing PC. The potential use of microbiota as a prognostic marker or to predict patients' responses to chemotherapy or immunotherapy is also being explored. Overall, the role of microbiota-including the gut, pancreatic, and oral microbiota-in PC is an active research area. Understanding these associations could lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Papa
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schepis
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Coppola
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Francesco Chiappetta
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Enrico Del Vecchio
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Rozera
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Alfieri
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Papa
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Di Rosa C, Di Francesco L, Spiezia C, Khazrai YM. Effects of Animal and Vegetable Proteins on Gut Microbiota in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:2675. [PMID: 37375578 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the balance between host health and obesity. The composition of the gut microbiota can be influenced by external factors, among which diet plays a key role. As the source of dietary protein is important to achieve weight loss and gut microbiota modulation, in the literature there is increasing evidence to suggest consuming more plant proteins than animal proteins. In this review, a literature search of clinical trials published until February 2023 was conducted to examine the effect of different macronutrients and dietary patterns on the gut microbiota in subjects with overweight and obesity. Several studies have shown that a higher intake of animal protein, as well as the Western diet, can lead to a decrease in beneficial gut bacteria and an increase in harmful ones typical of obesity. On the other hand, diets rich in plant proteins, such as the Mediterranean diet, lead to a significant increase in anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacteria, bacterial diversity and a reduction in pro-inflammatory bacteria. Therefore, since diets rich in fiber, plant protein, and an adequate amount of unsaturated fat may help to beneficially modulate the gut microbiota involved in weight loss, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Rosa
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Ludovica Di Francesco
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Spiezia
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Yeganeh Manon Khazrai
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Nutrition and Prevention, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
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72
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Liu T, Sun Z, Yang Z, Qiao X. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and modulation of host-derived peptides formation: Focused on host defense peptides. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114586. [PMID: 36989711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The byproducts of bacterial fermentation known as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are chemically comprised of a carboxylic acid component and a short hydrocarbon chain. Recent investigations have demonstrated that SCFAs can affect intestinal immunity by inducing endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) and their beneficial effects on barrier integrity, gut health, energy supply, and inflammation. HDPs, which include defensins, cathelicidins, and C-type lectins, perform a significant function in innate immunity in gastrointestinal mucosal membranes. SCFAs have been demonstrated to stimulate HDP synthesis by intestinal epithelial cells via interactions with G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), activation of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, and the cell growth pathways. Furthermore, SCFA butyrate has been demonstrated to enhance the number of HDPs released from macrophages. SCFAs promote monocyte-to-macrophage development and stimulate HDP synthesis in macrophages by inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC). Understanding the etiology of many common disorders might be facilitated by studies into the function of microbial metabolites, such as SCFAs, in the molecular regulatory processes of immune responses (e.g., HDP production). This review will focus on the current knowledge of the role and mechanism of microbiota-derived SCFAs in influencing the synthesis of host-derived peptides, particularly HDPs.
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73
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Fogelson KA, Dorrestein PC, Zarrinpar A, Knight R. The Gut Microbial Bile Acid Modulation and Its Relevance to Digestive Health and Diseases. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:1069-1085. [PMID: 36841488 PMCID: PMC10205675 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has been linked to numerous digestive disorders, but its metabolic products have been much less well characterized, in part due to the expense of untargeted metabolomics and lack of ability to process the data. In this review, we focused on the rapidly expanding information about the bile acid repertoire produced by the gut microbiome, including the impacts of bile acids on a wide range of host physiological processes and diseases, and discussed the role of short-chain fatty acids and other important gut microbiome-derived metabolites. Of particular note is the action of gut microbiome-derived metabolites throughout the body, which impact processes ranging from obesity to aging to disorders traditionally thought of as diseases of the nervous system, but that are now recognized as being strongly influenced by the gut microbiome and the metabolites it produces. We also highlighted the emerging role for modifying the gut microbiome to improve health or to treat disease, including the "engineered native bacteria'' approach that takes bacterial strains from a patient, modifies them to alter metabolism, and reintroduces them. Taken together, study of the metabolites derived from the gut microbiome provided insights into a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes, and has substantial potential for new approaches to diagnostics and therapeutics of disease of, or involving, the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Fogelson
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Jennifer Moreno Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California; Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Institute of Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
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74
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Chen R, Zhang C, Xu F, Yu L, Tian F, Chen W, Zhai Q. Meta-analysis reveals gut microbiome and functional pathway alterations in response to resistant starch. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37194392 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) has the ability to improve the structure of the gut microbiota, regulate glucolipid metabolism and maintain the health of the human body, and has been extensively studied by many scholars in recent years. However, previous studies have provided a wide range of results on the differences in the gut microbiota after RS intake. In this article, we performed a meta-analysis of a total of 955 samples of 248 individuals from the seven studies included to compare the gut microbiota of the baseline and the end-point of RS intake. At the end-point, RS intake was related to a lower gut microbial α-diversity and higher relative abundance of Ruminococcus, Agathobacter, Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium, and the functional pathways of the gut microbiota related to the carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and genetic information processing were higher. Different types of resistant starch and different populations led to varied responses on the gut microbiome. The altered gut microbiome may contribute to improve the blood glucose level and insulin resistance, which may be a potential treatment route for diabetes, obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Fusheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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75
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Singh RP, Bhardwaj A. β-glucans: a potential source for maintaining gut microbiota and the immune system. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1143682. [PMID: 37215217 PMCID: PMC10198134 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1143682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract holds a complex and dynamic population of microbial communities, which exerts a marked influence on the host physiology during homeostasis and disease conditions. Diet is considered one of the main factors in structuring the gut microbiota across a lifespan. Intestinal microbial communities play a vital role in sustaining immune and metabolic homeostasis as well as protecting against pathogens. The negatively altered gut bacterial composition has related to many inflammatory diseases and infections. β-glucans are a heterogeneous assemblage of glucose polymers with a typical structure comprising a leading chain of β-(1,4) and/or β-(1,3)-glucopyranosyl units with various branches and lengths as a side chain. β-glucans bind to specific receptors on immune cells and initiate immune responses. However, β-glucans from different sources differ in their structures, conformation, physical properties, and binding affinity to receptors. How these properties modulate biological functions in terms of molecular mechanisms is not known in many examples. This review provides a critical understanding of the structures of β-glucans and their functions for modulating the gut microbiota and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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76
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Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, Weickert MO. The Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Health and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:2150. [PMID: 37432307 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is plant-based and consists of multiple daily portions of vegetables, fruit, cereals, and olive oil. Although there are challenges with isolating the MD from the typical Mediterranean lifestyle and culture (including prolonged 'social' meals and siestas), much evidence supports the health benefits of the MD that include improved longevity, reduced metabolic risk of Diabetes Mellitus, obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome, reduced risk of malignancy and cardiovascular disease, and improved cognitive function. The MD is also associated with characteristic modifications to gut microbiota, mediated through its constituent parts (primarily dietary fibres, extra virgin olive oil, and polyunsaturated fatty acids [including ω-3]). These include enhanced growth of species that produce short-chain fatty acids (butyrate), such as Clostridium leptum and Eubacterium rectale, enhanced growth of Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species, and reduced growth of Firmicutes and Blautia species. Such changes in gut microbiota are known to be associated favourably with inflammatory and oxidative status, propensity for malignancy and overall metabolic health. A key challenge for the future is to explore the extent to which the health benefits of the MD are mediated by such changes to gut microbiota. The MD confers both health and environmental benefits. Adoption of the MD should perhaps be encouraged and facilitated more generally and not just restricted to populations from Mediterranean regions. However, there are key challenges to this approach that include limited perennial availability of the constituent parts of the MD in some non-Mediterranean regions, intolerability of a high-fibre diet for some people, and potential cultural disconnects that juxtapose some traditional (including Western) diets with the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Barber
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
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77
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Duizer C, de Zoete MR. The Role of Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8024. [PMID: 37175726 PMCID: PMC10178193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of bacterial members of the microbiota on the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) has become clear in recent years. However, exactly how bacteria contribute to the development of cancer is often still up for debate. The impact of bacteria-derived metabolites, which can influence the development of CRC either in a promoting or inhibiting manner, is undeniable. Here, we discuss the effects of the most well-studied bacteria-derived metabolites associated with CRC, including secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide and indoles. We show that the effects of individual metabolites on CRC development are often nuanced and dose- and location-dependent. In the coming years, the array of metabolites involved in CRC development will undoubtedly increase further, which will emphasize the need to focus on causation and mechanisms and the clearly defined roles of bacterial species within the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel R. de Zoete
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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78
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Fan H, Liu X, Ren Z, Fei X, Luo J, Yang X, Xue Y, Zhang F, Liang B. Gut microbiota and cardiac arrhythmia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1147687. [PMID: 37180433 PMCID: PMC10167053 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1147687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most prevalent cardiac diseases is cardiac arrhythmia, however the underlying causes are not entirely understood. There is a lot of proof that gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites have a significant impact on cardiovascular health. In recent decades, intricate impacts of GM on cardiac arrythmia have been identified as prospective approaches for its prevention, development, treatment, and prognosis. In this review, we discuss about how GM and its metabolites might impact cardiac arrhythmia through a variety of mechanisms. We proposed to explore the relationship between the metabolites produced by GM dysbiosis including short-chain fatty acids(SCFA), Indoxyl sulfate(IS), trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO), lipopolysaccharides(LPS), phenylacetylglutamine(PAGln), bile acids(BA), and the currently recognized mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias including structural remodeling, electrophysiological remodeling, abnormal nervous system regulation and other disease associated with cardiac arrythmia, detailing the processes involving immune regulation, inflammation, and different types of programmed cell death etc., which presents a key aspect of the microbial-host cross-talk. In addition, how GM and its metabolites differ and change in atrial arrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias populations compared with healthy people are also summarized. Then we introduced potential therapeutic strategies including probiotics and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and immunomodulator etc. In conclusion, the GM has a significant impact on cardiac arrhythmia through a variety of mechanisms, offering a wide range of possible treatment options. The discovery of therapeutic interventions that reduce the risk of cardiac arrhythmia by altering GM and metabolites is a real challenge that lies ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuchang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhaoyu Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoning Fei
- Clinical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaya Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Fenfang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangquan First People’s Hospital, Yangquan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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79
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Wang G, Qin S, Chen L, Geng H, Zheng Y, Xia C, Yao J, Deng L. Butyrate dictates ferroptosis sensitivity through FFAR2-mTOR signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:292. [PMID: 37185889 PMCID: PMC10130170 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role in health maintenance and disease development. In particular, butyrate is known to induce apoptosis and autophagy. However, it remains largely unclear whether butyrate can regulate cell ferroptosis, and the mechanism by which has not been studied. In this study, we found that RAS-selective lethal compound 3 (RSL3)- and erastin-induced cell ferroptosis were enhanced by sodium butyrate (NaB). With regard to the underlying mechanism, our results showed that NaB promoted ferroptosis by inducing lipid ROS production via downregulating the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Moreover, the FFAR2-AKT-NRF2 axis and FFAR2-mTORC1 axis accounts for the NaB-mediated downregulation of SLC7A11 and GPX4, respectively, in a cAMP-PKA-dependent manner. Functionally, we found that NaB can inhibit tumor growth and the inhibitory effect could be eliminated by administrating MHY1485 (mTORC1 activator) and Ferr-1 (ferroptosis inhibitor). Altogether, in vivo results suggest that NaB treatment is correlated to the mTOR-dependent ferroptosis and consequent tumor growth through xenografts and colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis, implicating the potential clinical applications of NaB for future colorectal cancer treatments. Based on all these findings, we have proposed a regulatory mechanism via which butyrate inhibits the mTOR pathway to control ferroptosis and consequent tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuoYan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - SenLin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Laboratory Safety and Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - HuiJun Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - YiNing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - JunHu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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80
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Ma Y, Zhang J, Yu N, Shi J, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Jia G. Effect of Nanomaterials on Gut Microbiota. TOXICS 2023; 11:384. [PMID: 37112611 PMCID: PMC10144479 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are widely employed in everyday life, including food and engineering. Food additives on a nanoscale can enter the body via the digestive tract. The human gut microbiota is a dynamically balanced ecosystem composed of a multitude of microorganisms that play a crucial role in maintaining the proper physiological function of the digestive tract and the body's endocrine coordination. While the antibacterial capabilities of nanomaterials have received much interest in recent years, their impacts on gut microbiota ought to be cautioned about and explored. Nanomaterials exhibit good antibacterial capabilities in vitro. Animal studies have revealed that oral exposure to nanomaterials inhibits probiotic reproduction, stimulates the inflammatory response of the gut immune system, increases opportunistic infections, and changes the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. This article provides an overview of the impacts of nanomaterials, particularly titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), on the gut microbiota. It advances nanomaterial safety research and offers a scientific foundation for the prevention, control, and treatment of illnesses associated with gut microbiota abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nairui Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhangjian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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81
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Mutengo KH, Masenga SK, Mweemba A, Mutale W, Kirabo A. Gut microbiota dependant trimethylamine N-oxide and hypertension. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1075641. [PMID: 37089429 PMCID: PMC10118022 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1075641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota environment is constantly changing and some specific changes influence the host's metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine functions. Emerging evidence of the gut microbiota's role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) including hypertension is remarkable. There is evidence showing that alterations in the gut microbiota and especially the gut-dependant metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with hypertension. However, there is a scarcity of literature addressing the role of trimethylamine N-oxide in hypertension pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the impact of the gut microbiota and gut microbiota dependant trimethylamine N-oxide in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We present evidence from both human and animal studies and further discuss new insights relating to potential therapies for managing hypertension by altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katongo H. Mutengo
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia
- Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sepiso K. Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia
- Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aggrey Mweemba
- Department of Medicine, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Wilbroad Mutale
- School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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82
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Pardo Z, Mateos I, Saro C, Campos R, Argüello H, Lachica M, Ranilla MJ, Fernández-Fígares I. The Effect of Supplementation with Betaine and Zinc on In Vitro Large Intestinal Fermentation in Iberian Pigs under Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061102. [PMID: 36978642 PMCID: PMC10044697 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of betaine and zinc on the in vitro fermentation of pigs under heat stress (HS). Twenty-four Iberian pigs (43.4 ± 1.2 kg) under HS (30 °C) were assigned to treatments for 4 weeks: control (unsupplemented), betaine (5 g/kg), and zinc (0.120 g/kg) supplemented diet. Rectal content was used as the inoculum in 24-hincubations with pure substrates (starch, pectin, inulin, cellulose). Total gas, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), and methane production and ammonia concentration were measured. The abundance of total bacteria and several bacterial groups was assessed. Betaine increased the acetate production with pectin and inulin, butyrate production with starch and inulin, and ammonia concentration, and decreased propionate production with pectin and inulin. The abundance of Bifidobacterium and two groups of Clostridium decreased with betaine supplementation. Zinc decreased the production of SCFA and gas with starch and inulin, associated with diminished bacterial activity. Propionate production decreased with starch, pectin, and inulin while butyrate production increased with inulin, and isoacid production increased with cellulose and inulin in pigs supplemented with zinc. The ammonia concentration increased for all substrates. The Clostridium cluster XIV abundance decreased in pigs fed zinc supplemented diets. The results reported were dependent on the substrate fermented, but the augmented butyrate production with both betaine and zinc could be of benefit for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Pardo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción Animal Sostenible, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC) Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Iván Mateos
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
| | - Cristina Saro
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
| | - Rómulo Campos
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 32 # 12-00, Palmira 76531, Colombia
| | - Héctor Argüello
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Manuel Lachica
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción Animal Sostenible, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC) Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María José Ranilla
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández-Fígares
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción Animal Sostenible, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC) Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: or
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83
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Shashni B, Nagasaki Y. Short-chain fatty acid-releasing nano-prodrugs for attenuating growth and metastasis of melanoma. Acta Biomater 2023; 159:226-236. [PMID: 36736848 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight (LMW) short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as propionic and butyric acids, have been reported to possess anti-neoplastic effects; however, rapid renal clearance and high dose-based side effects limit their clinical translation. Hence, in this study, we have designed a new self-assembling nano-prodrugs that can effectively supply SCFAs: endogenous enzyme-metabolizable block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)block-poly(vinyl ester) possessing several units of SCFAs conjugated as side chains via ester linkages. These amphiphilic polymers spontaneously self-assemble into nanostructures under aqueous conditions to form orally administrable nano-prodrugs (butyric acid: NanoBA and propionic acid: NanoPA). Herein, we show the therapeutic efficacy of SCFA nanoparticles (NanoSCFA) in a mouse model of metastasis (melanoma). Ad libitum intake of our NanoSCFA markedly demonstrated a decrease in the metastatic tumor nodules in the lungs compared with the effect observed after LMW SCFA administration with no discernible toxicity to the GI tract. In contrast, LMW SCFAs, even at a lower concentration than that of the NanoSCFA, facilitated villus atrophy. Taken together, our work suggests that the use of NanoSCFA as a therapeutic intervention for metastatic cancer is preferable over typical LMW SCFAs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Low-molecular-weight (LMW) short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have shown versatile therapeutic effects on various diseases, including anti-tumorigenesis effects. However, their clinical translation is limited due to their poor pharmacokinetic profile and adverse effects. To overcome these limitations, we have developed new amphiphilic block copolymer-based SCFA-prodrugs, which self-assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous media (NanoSCFA). SCFAs are covalently conjugated to the hydrophobic polymer segment via ester linkage, which can be enzymatically metabolized after oral administration. In the present study, we confirmed that ad libitum intake of NanoSCFAs retarded the growth and metastatic potential of B16-F10 tumors compared to the LMW SCFAs with negligible discernible toxicity, reflecting NanoSCFA as a preferable therapeutic intervention to LMW SCFA counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Shashni
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Master's Program in Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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84
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Microbiota-Derived Natural Products Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Inside the Gut Pharma Factory. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054997. [PMID: 36902427 PMCID: PMC10003410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have drawn much attention as important tumour-initiating cells that may also be crucial for recurrence after chemotherapy. Although the activity of CSCs in various forms of cancer is complex and yet to be fully elucidated, opportunities for therapies targeting CSCs exist. CSCs are molecularly distinct from bulk tumour cells, so they can be targeted by exploiting their signature molecular pathways. Inhibiting stemness has the potential to reduce the risk posed by CSCs by limiting or eliminating their capacity for tumorigenesis, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. Here, we briefly described the role of CSCs in tumour biology, the mechanisms involved in CSC therapy resistance, and the role of the gut microbiota in cancer development and treatment, to then review and discuss the current advances in the discovery of microbiota-derived natural compounds targeting CSCs. Collectively, our overview suggests that dietary intervention, toward the production of those identified microbial metabolites capable of suppressing CSC properties, is a promising approach to support standard chemotherapy.
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85
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Furukawa T, Tabata S, Minami K, Yamamoto M, Kawahara K, Tanimoto A. Metabolic reprograming of cancer as a therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130301. [PMID: 36572257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of metabolic reprogramming in cancer has tremendously improved along with the technical progression of metabolomic analysis. Metabolic changes in cancer cells proved much more complicated than the classical Warburg effect. Previous studies have approached metabolic changes as therapeutic and/or chemopreventive targets. Recently, several clinical trials have reported anti-cancer agents associated with metabolism. However, whether cancer cells are dependent on metabolic reprogramming or favor suitable conditions remains nebulous. Both scenarios are possibly intertwined. Identification of downstream molecules and the understanding of mechanisms underlying reprogrammed metabolism can improve the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Here, we review several examples of the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and the therapies targeting the metabolism-related molecules as well as discuss practical approaches to improve the next generation of cancer therapies focused on the metabolic reprogramming of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Sho Tabata
- Laboratory for Cell Systems, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Minami
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Miyazaki Hospital, 5200 Kihara Kiyotake cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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86
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Madunić K, Luijkx YMCA, Mayboroda OA, Janssen GMC, van Veelen PA, Strijbis K, Wennekes T, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Wuhrer M. O-Glycomic and Proteomic Signatures of Spontaneous and Butyrate-Stimulated Colorectal Cancer Cell Line Differentiation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100501. [PMID: 36669592 PMCID: PMC9999233 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract provide health benefits to the human host via bacterial metabolites. Bacterial butyrate has beneficial effects on intestinal homeostasis and is the preferred energy source of intestinal epithelial cells, capable of inducing differentiation. It was previously observed that changes in the expression of specific proteins as well as protein glycosylation occur with differentiation. In this study, specific mucin O-glycans were identified that mark butyrate-induced epithelial differentiation of the intestinal cell line CaCo-2 (Cancer Coli-2), by applying porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, a quantitative proteomic approach was used to decipher changes in the cell proteome. It was found that the fully differentiated butyrate-stimulated cells are characterized by a higher expression of sialylated O-glycan structures, whereas fucosylation is downregulated with differentiation. By performing an integrative approach, we generated hypotheses about the origin of the observed O-glycome changes. These insights pave the way for future endeavors to study the dynamic O-glycosylation patterns in the gut, either produced via cellular biosynthesis or through the action of bacterial glycosidases as well as the functional role of these patterns in homeostasis and dysbiosis at the gut-microbiota interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Madunić
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Y M C A Luijkx
- Department Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - O A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - G M C Janssen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - P A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - K Strijbis
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Wennekes
- Department Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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87
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Ney LM, Wipplinger M, Grossmann M, Engert N, Wegner VD, Mosig AS. Short chain fatty acids: key regulators of the local and systemic immune response in inflammatory diseases and infections. Open Biol 2023; 13:230014. [PMID: 36977462 PMCID: PMC10049789 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome substantially affects human health and resistance to infections in its dynamic composition and varying release of microbial-derived metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by commensal bacteria through fermentation of indigestible fibres are considered key regulators in orchestrating the host immune response to microbial colonization by regulating phagocytosis, chemokine and central signalling pathways of cell growth and apoptosis, thereby shaping the composition and functionality of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Although research of the last decades provided valuable insight into the pleiotropic functions of SCFAs and their capability to maintain human health, mechanistic details on how SCFAs act across different cell types and other organs are not fully understood. In this review, we provide an overview of the various functions of SCFAs in regulating cellular metabolism, emphasizing the orchestration of the immune response along the gut-brain, the gut-lung and the gut-liver axes. We discuss their potential pharmacological use in inflammatory diseases and infections and highlight new options of relevant human three-dimensional organ models to investigate and validate their biological functions in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Ney
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Maximilian Wipplinger
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Martha Grossmann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Engert
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Valentin D Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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88
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The Gut-Prostate Axis: A New Perspective of Prostate Cancer Biology through the Gut Microbiome. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051375. [PMID: 36900168 PMCID: PMC10000196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and a high-fat diet are risk factors associated with prostate cancer, and lifestyle, especially diet, impacts the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays important roles in the development of several diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and colon cancer. The analysis of feces from patients with prostate cancer by 16S rRNA sequencing has uncovered various associations between altered gut microbiomes and prostate cancer. Gut dysbiosis caused by the leakage of gut bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide results in prostate cancer growth. Gut microbiota also play a role in the metabolism of androgen which could affect castration-resistant prostate cancer. Moreover, men with high-risk prostate cancer share a specific gut microbiome and treatments such as androgen-deprivation therapy alter the gut microbiome in a manner that favors prostate cancer growth. Thus, implementing interventions aiming to modify lifestyle or altering the gut microbiome with prebiotics or probiotics may curtail the development of prostate cancer. From this perspective, the "Gut-Prostate Axis" plays a fundamental bidirectional role in prostate cancer biology and should be considered when screening and treating prostate cancer patients.
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89
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Gao T, Wang Z, Dong Y, Cao J, Chen Y. Butyrate Ameliorates Insufficient Sleep-Induced Intestinal Mucosal Damage in Humans and Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0200022. [PMID: 36541814 PMCID: PMC9927315 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02000-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep is a key factor in the occurrence of intestinal diseases. This study was performed to clarify how sleep deficiency mediates the intestinal microbiota, metabolite butyrate disturbance induces intestinal mucosal damage, and butyrate ameliorates it. A questionnaire was launched for sleep and intestinal health issues. Twenty-two healthy volunteers were interviewed, and the influence of insufficient sleep on the gut microbiota and metabolite composition was explored. Moreover, a 72-h sleep deprivation (SD) mouse model with or without butyrate supplementation was used to reveal the effect of butyrate on ameliorating small intestines damage caused by SD. The questionnaire survey of 534 college students showed that among 85.39% of the students who slept less than 7 h, 41.76% were suffering from various bowel disorders. High-throughput 16S rRNA pyrosequencing demonstrated that SD and sleep restriction (SR) resulted in downregulation of Faecalibacterium and butyrate abundance in the feces of college students. Furthermore, we observed that butyrate supplementation markedly reversed sleep-deprivation-induced small intestinal mucosal injury in mice. Meanwhile, butyrate supplementation inverted the SD-caused inflammation response and oxidative stress and the decline of phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK-3β), β-catenin, Nrf2, and cyclin D1 and the increase in histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and phospho-P65 (p-P65) proteins in the small intestines. Furthermore, in vitro, the ameliorative effects of butyrate were blocked by treatment with the HDAC3 agonist ITSA-1 and the Nrf2 antagonist ML385 and mimicked by treatment with the HDAC3 antagonist RGFP966 and p-P65 antagonist PDTC. Our study revealed that SD and SR downregulated butyrate production, further causing intestinal homeostasis dysfunction via the HDAC3-p-GSK-3β-β-catenin-Nrf2-NF-κB pathway. IMPORTANCE Radical inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induced by sleep deficiency is a serious global public health threat. Butyrate, a member of the short-chain fatty acids, exerts multiple effects on it. However, existing research focuses on injury to the colon caused by insufficient sleep, while the changes in the small intestines are often overlooked. This study focused on revealing the influence of insufficient sleep on the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites and further revealed the ameliorative effect of butyrate on sleep deprivation (SD)-induced small intestinal mucosal damage in human and mice. Our studies suggest that butyrate can be used as a probiotic to restore SD-induced IBD and contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that govern the beneficial effects of butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
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90
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Hodgkinson K, El Abbar F, Dobranowski P, Manoogian J, Butcher J, Figeys D, Mack D, Stintzi A. Butyrate's role in human health and the current progress towards its clinical application to treat gastrointestinal disease. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:61-75. [PMID: 36502573 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate is a key energy source for colonocytes and is produced by the gut microbiota through fermentation of dietary fiber. Butyrate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and also signals through three G-protein coupled receptors. It is clear that butyrate has an important role in gastrointestinal health and that butyrate levels can impact both host and microbial functions that are intimately coupled with each other. Maintaining optimal butyrate levels improves gastrointestinal health in animal models by supporting colonocyte function, decreasing inflammation, maintaining the gut barrier, and promoting a healthy microbiome. Butyrate has also shown protective actions in the context of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, graft-versus-host disease of the gastrointestinal tract, and colon cancer, whereas lower levels of butyrate and/or the microbes which are responsible for producing this metabolite are associated with disease and poorer health outcomes. However, clinical efforts to increase butyrate levels in humans and reverse these negative outcomes have generated mixed results. This article discusses our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of butyrate action with a focus on the gastrointestinal system, the links between host and microbial factors, and the efforts that are currently underway to apply the knowledge gained from the bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Hodgkinson
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Faiha El Abbar
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Peter Dobranowski
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Juliana Manoogian
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - James Butcher
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David Mack
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre and Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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91
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The impact of bariatric surgery on colorectal cancer risk. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023; 19:144-157. [PMID: 36446717 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered a risk factor for different types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Bariatric surgery has been associated with improvements in obesity-related co-morbidities and reductions in overall cancer risk. However, given the contradictory outcomes of several cohort studies, the impact of bariatric surgery on CRC risk appears controversial. Furthermore, measurement of CRC biomarkers following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has revealed hyperproliferation and increased pro-inflammatory gene expression in the rectal mucosa. The proposed mechanisms leading to increased CRC risk are alterations of the gut microbiota and exposure of the colorectum to high concentrations of bile acids, both of which are caused by RYGB-induced anatomical rearrangements. Studies in animals and humans have highlighted the similarities between RYGB-induced microbial profiles and the gut microbiota documented in CRC. Microbial alterations common to post-RYGB cases and CRC include the enrichment of pro-inflammatory microbes and reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria. Lower concentrations of butyrate following RYGB may also contribute to an increased risk of CRC, given the anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties of this molecule. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy appears to have a more moderate impact than RYGB; however, relatively few animal and human studies have investigated its effects on CRC risk. Moreover, evidence regarding the impact of anastomosis gastric bypass on one is even more limited. Therefore, further studies are required to establish whether the potential increase in CRC risk is restricted to RYGB or may also be associated with other bariatric procedures.
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92
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Chakraborty M, Gautam A, Das O, Masid A, Bhaumik M. Prenatal arsenic exposure stymies gut butyrate production and enhances gut permeability in post natal life even in absence of arsenic deftly through miR122-Occludin pathway. Toxicol Lett 2023; 374:19-30. [PMID: 36473683 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This discourse attempts to capture a few important dimensions of gut physiology like microbial homeostasis, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, occludin expression, and gut permeability in post-natal life of mice those received arsenic only during pre-natal life. Adult Balb/c mice were fed with 4 ppm arsenic trioxide in drinking water during breeding and gestation. After the birth of the pups, the arsenic water was withdrawn and replaced with clean drinking water. The pups were allowed to grow for 28 days (pAs-mice) and age matched Balb/c mice which were never exposed to arsenic served as control The pAs-mice showed a striking reduction in Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio coupled with a decrease in tight junction protein, occludin resulting in an increase in gut permeability, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon and decrease in common SCFAs in which butyrate reduction was quite prominent in fecal samples as compared to normal control. The above phenotypes of pAs-mice were mostly reversed by supplementing 5% sodium butyrate (w/w) with food from 21st to 28th day. The ability of butyrate in enhancing occludin expression, in particular, was dissected further. As miR122 causes degradation of Occludin mRNA, we transiently overexpressed miR122 by injecting appropriate plasmids and showed reversal of butyrate effects in pAs-mice. Thus, pre-natal arsenic exposure orchestrates variety of effects by decreasing butyrate in pAs-mice leading to increased permeability due to reduced occludin expression. Our research adds a new dimension to our understanding that pre-natal arsenic exposure imprints in post-natal life while there was no further arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Chakraborty
- Division of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Anupam Gautam
- Department of Algorithms in Bioinformatics, Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; International Max Planck Research School "From Molecules to Organisms'', Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max-Planck-Ring∼5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oishika Das
- Division of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Aaheli Masid
- Division of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Moumita Bhaumik
- Division of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India.
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93
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SEMA5A-PLXNB3 Axis Promotes PDAC Liver Metastasis Outgrowth through Enhancing the Warburg Effect. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:3274467. [PMID: 36741230 PMCID: PMC9897926 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3274467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients bearing liver metastasis of pancreatic adeno carcinoma (PDAC) suffer from poor prognosis due to its short duration and high mortality. Complex tumor microenvironment (TME) exists in liver metastatic niches, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have play vital roles in metastasis generation and outgrowth. We have discovered that M2 type TAM-derived SEMA5A could bind to its tumor cell-expressed receptor PLXNB3 to promote tumor cell proliferation and outgrowth. We utilized liver metastasis samples of PDAC patients, intrasplenic injection mouse models, and Kras G12D/Trp53 R172H/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse models for in vivo study. In mechanism investigation, we have discovered that SEMA5A-PLXNB3 axis could achieve tumor cell proliferation and survival via enhancing aerobic glycolysis termed as the Warburg effects. Targeting this axis may be a potential therapeutic approach for PDAC patients with unresectable liver metastasis.
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94
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The Role of the Gut Microbiome and Trimethylamine Oxide in Atherosclerosis and Age-Related Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032399. [PMID: 36768722 PMCID: PMC9917289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a major role in human health, and gut microbial imbalance or dysbiosis is associated with disease development. Modulation in the gut microbiome can be used to treat or prevent different diseases. Gut dysbiosis increases with aging, and it has been associated with the impairment of gut barrier function leading to the leakage of harmful metabolites such as trimethylamine (TMA). TMA is a gut metabolite resulting from dietary amines that originate from animal-based foods. TMA enters the portal circulation and is oxidized by the hepatic enzyme into trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). Increased TMAO levels have been reported in elderly people. High TMAO levels are linked to peripheral artery disease (PAD), endothelial senescence, and vascular aging. Emerging evidence showed the beneficial role of probiotics and prebiotics in the management of several atherogenic risk factors through the remodeling of the gut microbiota, thus leading to a reduction in TMAO levels and atherosclerotic lesions. Despite the promising outcomes in different studies, the definite mechanisms of gut dysbiosis and microbiota-derived TMAO involved in atherosclerosis remain not fully understood. More studies are still required to focus on the molecular mechanisms and precise treatments targeting gut microbiota and leading to atheroprotective effects.
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95
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The Modulatory Effects of Fatty Acids on Cancer Progression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020280. [PMID: 36830818 PMCID: PMC9953116 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the global cancer burden rises rapidly. The risk factors for cancer development can often be attributed to lifestyle factors, of which an unhealthy diet is a major contributor. Dietary fat is an important macronutrient and therefore a crucial part of a well-balanced and healthy diet, but it is still unclear which specific fatty acids contribute to a healthy and well-balanced diet in the context of cancer risk and prognosis. In this review, we describe epidemiological evidence on the associations between the intake of different classes of fatty acids and the risk of developing cancer, and we provide preclinical evidence on how specific fatty acids can act on tumor cells, thereby modulating tumor progression and metastasis. Moreover, the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of each of the different groups of fatty acids will be discussed specifically in the context of inflammation-induced cancer progression and we will highlight challenges as well as opportunities for successful application of fatty acid tailored nutritional interventions in the clinic.
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96
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Fraser D, Ganesan SM. Microbiome, alveolar bone, and metabolites: Connecting the dots. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1074339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome (OM) is a diverse and dynamic collection of species, separated from alveolar bone by the oral mucosa. Pathogenic shifts in the OM (dysbiosis) during periodontitis are associated with an inflammatory response in the oral mucosa that drives alveolar bone resorption. Alveolar bone is also affected by metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis. Accumulating evidence has linked another microbial community, the gut microbiome (GM), to systemic bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Underlying this connection is the biologic activity of metabolites, byproducts of host and bacterial activity. Limited evidence also suggests that metabolites in the oral cavity signal between the OM and immune system, influencing both alveolar bone homeostasis and pathologic bone destruction in periodontitis. While the oral cavity and gut are connected through the gastrointestinal tract, dissimilar roles for known metabolites between these two niches exemplify the difficulty in translating knowledge on gut-derived metabolites and bone metabolism to alveolar bone. Integrated metabolomic, transcriptomic, and metagenomic approaches hold promise for resolving these challenges and identifying novel metabolites which impact alveolar bone health. Further interrogation through mechanistic testing in pre-clinical models and carefully controlled clinical studies have potential to lead toward translation of these discoveries into meaningful therapies.
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97
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Sodium Butyrate Induces CRC Cell Ferroptosis via the CD44/SLC7A11 Pathway and Exhibits a Synergistic Therapeutic Effect with Erastin. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020423. [PMID: 36672372 PMCID: PMC9856855 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and effective treatment and prevention methods are lacking. Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a short-chain fatty acid produced by intestinal microbial fermentation of dietary fiber. It has been shown to be effective in inhibiting CRC, but the mechanism is not known. METHODS Human normal intestinal epithelial cell line FHT and colorectal tumor cell line HCT-116 were treated with NaB alone or in combination with different programmed cell death inhibitors. Cell activity was then assessed with MTT assays and PI staining; ferroptosis with Fe2+, glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation assays; signaling pathway screening with PCR arrays; and CD44, SCL7A11, and GPX4 expression with Western blotting. A CD44-overexpressing HCT-116 cell line was constructed to determine the effect of the overexpression of CD44 on NaB-induced ferroptosis. The synergistic effect of co-treatment with NaB and Erastin was assessed by isobolographic analysis. RESULTS NaB induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in HCT-116 cells but only induced low-level apoptosis in FHC cells. Moreover, NaB significantly increased intracellular Fe2+ and promoted GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation in HCT-116 cells. Ferroptosis-related qPCR array analysis identified CD44/SLC7A11 as a potential effector molecular of NaB-induced ferroptosis. NaB significantly inhibited the expression of CD44 and SLC7A11 in mouse CRC tissues. A CD44 overexpressed HCT-116 cell line was used to verify that CD44/SLC7A11 was a key signaling pathway that NaB-induced GSH depletion, lipid peroxidation accumulation, and ferroptosis in HCT-116 cells. Examination of whether NaB can increase the effect of ferroptosis agents showed that NaB, in combination with Erastin, a ferroptosis inducer, further promoted HCT-116 cell death and increased changes of ferroptosis markers. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NaB induces ferroptosis in CRC cells through the CD44/SLC7A11 signaling pathway and has synergistic effects with Erastin. These results may provide new insights into CRC prevention and the combined use of NaB and ferroptosis-inducing agents.
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98
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Abstract
The surge in inflammatory bowel diseases, like Crohn's disease (CD), is alarming. While the role of the gut microbiome in CD development is unresolved, the frequent isolation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains from patient biopsies, together with their propensity to trigger gut inflammation, underpin the potential role of these bacteria as disease modifiers. In this review, we explore the spectrum of AIEC pathogenesis, including their metabolic versatility in the gut. We describe how AIEC strains hijack the host defense mechanisms to evade immune attrition and promote inflammation. Furthermore, we highlight the key traits that differentiate AIEC from commensal E. coli. Deciphering the main components of AIEC virulence is cardinal to the discovery of the next generation of antimicrobials that can selectively eradicate CD-associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mansour
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Tahreem Asrar
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Wael Elhenawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Canada,Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Antimicrobial Resistance, One Health Consortium - Edmonton, AB, Canada,CONTACT Wael Elhenawy Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta
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99
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Liu S, Yang X. Intestinal flora plays a role in the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1140126. [PMID: 36968098 PMCID: PMC10034054 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1140126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a vital metabolism and detoxification organ of human body, which is involved in the biotransformation and metabolism of the organism. Hepatitis - cirrhosis - liver cancer are significant and common part of liver diseases. The pathogenesis of liver diseases is generally as followed: inflammation and other pathogenic factors cause persistent damage to the liver, leading to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Patients with chronic hepatitis have a high risk of developing into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even life-threatening liver cancer, which poses a great threat to public health.As the first organ to come into contact with blood from the gut, the liver is profoundly affected by the intestinal flora and its metabolites, with leaky gut and flora imbalance being the triggers of the liver's pathological response. So far, no one has reviewed the role of intestinal flora in this process from the perspective of the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer and this article reviews the evidence supporting the effect of intestinal flora in the progression of liver disease.
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100
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Hong D, Zhang C, Wu W, Lu X, Zhang L. Modulation of the gut-brain axis via the gut microbiota: a new era in treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1133546. [PMID: 37153665 PMCID: PMC10157060 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1133546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There are trillions of different microorganisms in the human digestive system. These gut microbes are involved in the digestion of food and its conversion into the nutrients required by the body. In addition, the gut microbiota communicates with other parts of the body to maintain overall health. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is known as the gut-brain axis (GBA), and involves connections via the central nervous system (CNS), the enteric nervous system (ENS), and endocrine and immune pathways. The gut microbiota regulates the central nervous system bottom-up through the GBA, which has prompted researchers to pay considerable attention to the potential pathways by which the gut microbiota might play a role in the prevention and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Studies with animal models of ALS have shown that dysregulation of the gut ecology leads to dysregulation of brain-gut signaling. This, in turn, induces changes in the intestinal barrier, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation, which contribute to the development of ALS. Through the use of antibiotics, probiotic supplementation, phage therapy, and other methods of inducing changes in the intestinal microbiota that can inhibit inflammation and delay neuronal degeneration, the clinical symptoms of ALS can be alleviated, and the progression of the disease can be delayed. Therefore, the gut microbiota may be a key target for effective management and treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenshuo Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Zhang
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