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Paul S, Roychoudhury A. Regulation of physiological aspects in plants by hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide under challenging environment. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:374-393. [PMID: 31479515 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a plethora of abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heavy metal and temperature stresses at different stages of their life cycle, from germination to seedling till the reproductive phase. As protective mechanisms, plants release signaling molecules that initiate a cascade of stress-signaling events, leading either to programmed cell death or plant acclimation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO) are considered as new 'gasotransmitter' molecules that play key roles in regulating gene expression, posttranslational modification (PTM), as well as cross-talk with other hormones. Although the exact role of NO in plants remains unclear and is species dependent, various studies have suggested a positive correlation between NO accumulation and environmental stress in plants. These molecules are also involved in a large array of stress responses and act synergistically or antagonistically as signaling components, depending on their respective concentration. This study provides a comprehensive update on the signaling interplay between H2 S and NO in the regulation of various physiological processes under multiple abiotic stresses, modes of action and effects of exogenous application of these two molecules under drought, salt, heat and heavy metal stresses. However, the complete picture of the signaling cascades mediated by H2 S and NO is still elusive. Recent researches indicate that during certain plant processes, such as stomatal closure, H2 S could act upstream of NO signaling or downstream of NO in response to abiotic stresses by improving antioxidant activity in most plant species. In addition, PTMs of antioxidative pathways by these two molecules are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Paul
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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León J, Costa-Broseta Á. Present knowledge and controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions on nitric oxide synthesis, sensing, and signaling in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43. [PMID: 31323702 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
After 30 years of intensive work, nitric oxide (NO) has just started to be characterized as a relevant regulatory molecule on plant development and responses to stress. Its reactivity as a free radical determines its mode of action as an inducer of posttranslational modifications of key target proteins through cysteine S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration. Many of the NO-triggered regulatory actions are exerted in tight coordination with phytohormone signaling. This review not only summarizes and updates the information accumulated on how NO is synthesized, sensed, and transduced in plants but also makes emphasis on controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions that are hampering our present knowledge on the biology of NO in plants. The development of noninvasive accurate tools for the endogenous NO quantitation as well as the implementation of genetic approaches that overcome misleading pharmacological experiments will be critical for getting significant advances in better knowledge of NO homeostasis and regulatory actions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José León
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Costa-Broseta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Khan M, Imran QM, Shahid M, Mun BG, Lee SU, Khan MA, Hussain A, Lee IJ, Yun BW. Nitric oxide- induced AtAO3 differentially regulates plant defense and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:602. [PMID: 31888479 PMCID: PMC6937950 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of plants to different environmental insults instigates significant changes in the cellular redox tone driven in part by promoting the production of reactive nitrogen species. The key player, nitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous diatomic molecule, well-known for its signaling role during stress. In this study, we focused on abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism-related genes that showed differential expression in response to the NO donor S-nitroso-L-cysteine (CySNO) by conducting RNA-seq-based transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS CySNO-induced ABA-related genes were identified and further characterized. Gene ontology terms for biological processes showed most of the genes were associated with protein phosphorylation. Promoter analysis suggested that several cis-regulatory elements were activated under biotic and/or abiotic stress conditions. The ABA biosynthetic gene AtAO3 was selected for validation using functional genomics. The loss of function mutant atao3 was found to differentially regulate oxidative and nitrosative stress. Further investigations for determining the role of AtAO3 in plant defense suggested a negative regulation of plant basal defense and R-gene-mediated resistance. The atao3 plants showed resistance to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000) with gradual increase in PR1 gene expression. Similarly, atao3 plants showed increased hypersensitive response (HR) when challenged with Pst DC3000 (avrB). The atgsnor1-3 and atsid2 mutants showed a susceptible phenotype with reduced PR1 transcript accumulation. Drought tolerance assay indicated that atao3 and atnced3 ABA-deficient mutants showed early wilting, followed by plant death. The study of stomatal structure showed that atao3 and atnced3 were unable to close stomata even at 7 days after drought stress. Further, they showed reduced ABA content and increased electrolyte leakage than the wild-type (WT) plants. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that ABA biosynthesis genes were down-regulated, whereas expression of most of the drought-related genes were up-regulated in atao3 than in WT. CONCLUSIONS AtAO3 negatively regulates pathogen-induced salicylic acid pathway, although it is required for drought tolerance, despite the fact that ABA production is not totally dependent on AtAO3, and that drought-related genes like DREB2 and ABI2 show response to drought irrespective of ABA content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics Department of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics Department of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, KPK, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics Department of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Tan C, Li Y, Huang X, Wei M, Huang Y, Tang Z, Huang H, Zhou W, Wang Y, Hu J. Extensive protein S-nitrosylation associated with human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma pathogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:914. [PMID: 31801946 PMCID: PMC6892852 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
NO (nitric oxide)-mediated protein S-nitrosylation has been established as one major signaling mechanism underlying cancer initiation and development, but its roles in PDAC (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) pathogenesis still remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified 585 unique S-nitrosylation sites among 434 proteins in PDAC patients and PANC-1 cell line by a site-specific proteomics. Larger number of S-nitrosylated proteins were identified in PDAC tissues and PANC-1 cells than adjacent non-cancerous tissues. These S-nitrosylated proteins are significantly enriched in a multitude of biological processes associated with tumorigenesis, including carbohydrate metabolism, cytoskeleton regulation, cell cycle, focal adhesion, adherent junctions, and cell migration. Components of the pancreatic cancer pathway were extensively S-nitrosylated, such as v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (Raf-1) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Moreover, NOS (NO synthase) inhibitor significantly repressed STAT3 S-nitrosylation in PANC-1 cells, which caused significant increase of STAT3 phosphorylation and PANC-1 cell viability, suggesting important roles of protein S-nitrosylation in PDAC development. These results revealed extensive protein S-nitrosylation associated with PDAC pathogenesis, which provided a basis for protein modification-based cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
- Clinical Laboratory of Translational Medicine Research Institute, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Meijin Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Zhouqin Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiliang Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Feng J, Chen L, Zuo J. Protein S-Nitrosylation in plants: Current progresses and challenges. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:1206-1223. [PMID: 30663237 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule regulating diverse biological processes in all living organisms. A major physiological function of NO is executed via protein S-nitrosylation, a redox-based posttranslational modification by covalently adding a NO molecule to a reactive cysteine thiol of a target protein. S-nitrosylation is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism modulating multiple aspects of cellular signaling. During the past decade, significant progress has been made in functional characterization of S-nitrosylated proteins in plants. Emerging evidence indicates that protein S-nitrosylation is ubiquitously involved in the regulation of plant development and stress responses. Here we review current understanding on the regulatory mechanisms of protein S-nitrosylation in various biological processes in plants and highlight key challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Feng
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Lichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianru Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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56
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Begara-Morales JC, Chaki M, Valderrama R, Mata-Pérez C, Padilla MN, Barroso JB. The function of S-nitrosothiols during abiotic stress in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4429-4439. [PMID: 31111892 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an active redox molecule involved in the control of a wide range of functions integral to plant biology. For instance, NO is implicated in seed germination, floral development, senescence, stomatal closure, and plant responses to stress. NO usually mediates signaling events via interactions with different biomolecules, for example the modulation of protein functioning through post-translational modifications (NO-PTMs). S-nitrosation is a reversible redox NO-PTM that consists of the addition of NO to a specific thiol group of a cysteine residue, leading to formation of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). SNOs are more stable than NO and therefore they can extend and spread the in vivo NO signaling. The development of robust and reliable detection methods has allowed the identification of hundreds of S-nitrosated proteins involved in a wide range of physiological and stress-related processes in plants. For example, SNOs have a physiological function in plant development, hormone metabolism, nutrient uptake, and photosynthesis, among many other processes. The role of S-nitrosation as a regulator of plant responses to salinity and drought stress through the modulation of specific protein targets has also been well established. However, there are many S-nitrosated proteins that have been identified under different abiotic stresses for which the specific roles have not yet been identified. In this review, we examine current knowledge of the specific role of SNOs in the signaling events that lead to plant responses to abiotic stress, with a particular focus on examples where their functions have been well characterized at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mounira Chaki
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Raquel Valderrama
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Maria N Padilla
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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57
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Nitric Oxide Increases the Physiological and Biochemical Stability of Soybean Plants under High Temperature. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9080412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stress reduces plant growth and development, resulting in considerable economic losses in crops such as soybeans. Nitric oxide (NO) in plants is associated with tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, there are few studies of the range of observed effects of NO in modulating physiological and metabolic functions in soybean plants under high temperature. In the present study, we investigated the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor), on anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and metabolic processes of soybean plants exposed to high temperature. Soybean plants were grown in soil: sand (2:1) substrate in acclimatized growth chambers. At developmental V3 stage, plants were exposed to two temperatures (25 °C and 40 °C) and SNP (0 and 100 μM), in a randomized block experimental design, with five replicates. After six days, we quantified NO concentration, leaf anatomy, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and metabolite profiles. Higher NO concentration in soybean plants exposed to high temperature and SNP showed increased effective quantum yields of photosystem II (PSII) and photochemical dissipation, thereby maintaining the photosynthetic rate. Under high temperature, NO also promoted greater activity of ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase activity, avoiding lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, in addition to regulating amino acid and organic compound levels. These results suggest that NO prevented damage caused by high temperature in soybean plants, illustrating the potential to mitigate thermal stress in cultivated plants.
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58
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Wu W, Guan R, Liao X, Yan X, Rees TW, Ji L, Chao H. Bimodal Visualization of Endogenous Nitric Oxide in Lysosomes with a Two-Photon Iridium(III) Phosphorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10266-10272. [PMID: 31291720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a fundamental signaling molecule that shows complex effects on the catabolic autophagy process, which is closely linked with lysosomal function. In this study, a new lysosome-targeted, pH-independent, and two-photon phosphorescent iridium(III) complex, Ir-BPDA, has been investigated for endogenous NO detection and imaging. The rational design of the probe, as the addition of the morpholine moieties and the substitution of a benzyl group in the amino group in Ir-BPDA, facilitates its accumulation in lysosomes and makes the reaction product with NO, Ir-BPDA-NO, insusceptible in its phosphorescence intensity and lifetime against pH changes (pH 4-10), well suited for lysosomal NO detection (pH 4-6). Furthermore, Ir-BPDA exhibits a fast and 50-fold response to NO in phosphorescence intensity and a two-photon cross-section as high as 60 GM after the reaction, as well as a notably increased phosphorescence lifetime from 200.1 to 619.6 ns. Thus, accompanied by its photostability, Ir-BPDA enabled the detection of NO in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and zebrafish model, revealing the endogenous lysosomal NO distribution during inflammation in vivo by means of both TPM and PLIM imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Ruilin Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Xu Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Thomas W Rees
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University of Science and Technology , Xiangtan , 400201 , P. R. China
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Ding Y, Shi Y, Yang S. Advances and challenges in uncovering cold tolerance regulatory mechanisms in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1690-1704. [PMID: 30664232 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary I. Introduction II. Cold stress and physiological responses in plants III. Sensing of cold signals in plants IV. Messenger molecules involved in cold signal transduction V. Cold signal transduction in plants VI. Conclusions and perspectives Acknowledgements References SUMMARY: Cold stress is a major environmental factor that seriously affects plant growth and development, and influences crop productivity. Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms that allow them to adapt to cold stress at both the physiological and molecular levels. Over the past two decades, much progress has been made in identifying crucial components involved in cold-stress tolerance and dissecting their regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent major advances in our understanding of cold signalling and put forward open questions in the field of plant cold-stress responses. Answering these questions should help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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60
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Hancock JT, Neill SJ. Nitric Oxide: Its Generation and Interactions with Other Reactive Signaling Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E41. [PMID: 30759823 PMCID: PMC6409986 DOI: 10.3390/plants8020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an immensely important signaling molecule in animals and plants. It is involved in plant reproduction, development, key physiological responses such as stomatal closure, and cell death. One of the controversies of NO metabolism in plants is the identification of enzymatic sources. Although there is little doubt that nitrate reductase (NR) is involved, the identification of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like enzyme remains elusive, and it is becoming increasingly clear that such a protein does not exist in higher plants, even though homologues have been found in algae. Downstream from its production, NO can have several potential actions, but none of these will be in isolation from other reactive signaling molecules which have similar chemistry to NO. Therefore, NO metabolism will take place in an environment containing reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), glutathione, other antioxidants and within a reducing redox state. Direct reactions with NO are likely to produce new signaling molecules such as peroxynitrite and nitrosothiols, and it is probable that chemical competitions will exist which will determine the ultimate end result of signaling responses. How NO is generated in plants cells and how NO fits into this complex cellular environment needs to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Hancock
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Steven J Neill
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
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61
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Du H, Chen L, Zhan N, Mu J, Ren B, Zuo J. A new insight to explore the regulation between S-nitrosylation and N-glycosylation. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00110. [PMID: 31245758 PMCID: PMC6508853 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signal molecule in plants and animals. Arabidopsis GSNO reductase1 (AtGSNOR1) catalyzes metabolism of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) which is a major biologically active NO species. The GSNOR1 loss-of-function mutant gsnor1-3 overaccumulates GSNO with inherent high S-nitrosylation level and resistance to the oxidative stress inducer paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride). Here, we report the characterization of dgl1-3 as a genetic suppressor of gsnor1-3. DGL1 encodes a subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferse (OST) complex which catalyzes the formation of N-glycosidic bonds in N-glycosylation. The fact that dgl1-3 repressed the paraquat resistance of gsnor1-3 meanwhile gsnor1-3 rescued the embryo-lethal and post-embryonic development defect of dgl1-3 reminded us the possibility that S-nitrosylation and N-glycosylation crosstalk with each other through co-substrates. By enriching glycoproteins in gsnor1-3 and mass spectrometry analysis, TGG2 (thioglucoside glucohydrolase2) was identified as one of co-substrates with high degradation rate and elevated N-glycosylation level in gsnor1-3 ost3/6. The S-nitrosylation and N-glycosylation profiles were also modified in dgl1-3 and gsnor1-3. Thereby, we propose a linkage between S-nitrosylation and N-glycosylation through co-substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Du
- Vegetable Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of VegetablesGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing)Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing)Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ni Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing)Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinye Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing)Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing)Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianru Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing)Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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62
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Zhang J, Liao W. Protein S-nitrosylation in plant abiotic stresses. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 47:1-10. [PMID: 31787138 DOI: 10.1071/fp19071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to various environmental stresses that affect crop growth and production. During stress, various physiological and biochemical changes including the production of nitric oxide (NO), take place. It is clear that NO could work through either transcriptional or post-translational level. The redox-based post-translational modification S-nitrosylation - the covalent attachment of an NO moiety to a reactive cysteine thiol of a protein to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO) - has attracted increasing attention in the regulation of abiotic stress signalling. So far, the relevance of S-nitrosylation of certain proteins has been investigated under abiotic stress. In this work, we focus on the current state of knowledge regarding S-nitrosylation in plants under abiotic stress, and provide a better understanding of the relevance of S-nitrosylation in plant response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; and Corresponding author.
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63
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Ageeva-Kieferle A, Rudolf EE, Lindermayr C. Redox-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling: A New Function of Nitric Oxide as Architect of Chromatin Structure in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:625. [PMID: 31191565 PMCID: PMC6546728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in all kingdoms. In plants, NO is involved in the regulation of various processes of growth and development as well as biotic and abiotic stress response. It mainly acts by modifying protein cysteine or tyrosine residues or by interacting with protein bound transition metals. Thereby, the modification of cysteine residues known as protein S-nitrosation is the predominant mechanism for transduction of NO bioactivity. Histone acetylation on N-terminal lysine residues is a very important epigenetic regulatory mechanism. The transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-coenzyme A on histone lysine residues is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases. This modification neutralizes the positive charge of the lysine residue and results in a loose structure of the chromatin accessible for the transcriptional machinery. Histone deacetylases, in contrast, remove the acetyl group of histone tails resulting in condensed chromatin with reduced gene expression activity. In plants, the histone acetylation level is regulated by S-nitrosation. NO inhibits HDA complexes resulting in enhanced histone acetylation and promoting a supportive chromatin state for expression of genes. Moreover, methylation of histone tails and DNA are important epigenetic modifications, too. Interestingly, methyltransferases and demethylases are described as targets for redox molecules in several biological systems suggesting that these types of chromatin modifications are also regulated by NO. In this review article, we will focus on redox-regulation of histone acetylation/methylation and DNA methylation in plants, discuss the consequences on the structural level and give an overview where NO can act to modulate chromatin structure.
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Regulation of SCF TIR1/AFBs E3 ligase assembly by S-nitrosylation of Arabidopsis SKP1-like1 impacts on auxin signaling. Redox Biol 2018; 18:200-210. [PMID: 30031268 PMCID: PMC6076216 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The F-box proteins (FBPs) TIR1/AFBs are the substrate recognition subunits of SKP1–cullin–F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complexes and together with Aux/IAAs form the auxin co-receptor. Although tremendous knowledge on auxin perception and signaling has been gained in the last years, SCFTIR1/AFBs complex assembly and stabilization are emerging as new layers of regulation. Here, we investigated how nitric oxide (NO), through S-nitrosylation of ASK1 is involved in SCFTIR1/AFBs assembly. We demonstrate that ASK1 is S-nitrosylated and S-glutathionylated in cysteine (Cys) 37 and Cys118 residues in vitro. Both, in vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction assays show that NO enhances ASK1 binding to CUL1 and TIR1/AFB2, required for SCFTIR1/AFB2 assembly. In addition, we demonstrate that Cys37 and Cys118 are essential residues for proper activation of auxin signaling pathway in planta. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cys37 residue is only conserved in SKP proteins in Angiosperms, suggesting that S-nitrosylation on Cys37 could represent an evolutionary adaption for SKP1 function in flowering plants. Collectively, these findings indicate that multiple events of redox modifications might be part of a fine-tuning regulation of SCFTIR1/AFBs for proper auxin signal transduction. ASK1 adaptor protein of the SCFTIR1/AFB E3 ligase complex is redox regulated. NO regulates ASK1 function by S-nitrosylation in Cys37 and Cys118 residues. NO enhances ASK1-CUL1 and ASK1-TIR1/AFB2 protein-protein interactions required for SCFTIR1/AFB2 assembly in vitro and in vivo. S-nitrosylated residues in ASK1 are essential for activation of auxin signaling pathway in plants.
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Smith JG, Aldous SG, Andreassi C, Cuda G, Gaspari M, Riccio A. Proteomic analysis of S-nitrosylated nuclear proteins in rat cortical neurons. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/537/eaar3396. [PMID: 29970601 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar3396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurons modulate gene expression in response to extrinsic signals to enable brain development, cognition, and learning and to process stimuli that regulate systemic physiological functions. This signal-to-gene communication is facilitated by posttranslational modifications such as S-nitrosylation, the covalent attachment of a nitric oxide (NO) moiety to cysteine thiols. In the cerebral cortex, S-nitrosylation of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is required for gene transcription during neuronal development, but few other nuclear targets of S-nitrosylation have been identified to date. We used S-nitrosothiol resin-assisted capture on NO donor-treated nuclear extracts from rat cortical neurons and identified 614 S-nitrosylated nuclear proteins. Of these, 131 proteins have not previously been shown to be S-nitrosylated in any system, and 555 are previously unidentified targets of S-nitrosylation in neurons. The sites of S-nitrosylation were identified for 59% of the targets, and motifs containing single lysines were found at 33% of these sites. In addition, lysine motifs were necessary for promoting the S-nitrosylation of HDAC2 and methyl-CpG binding protein 3 (MBD3). Moreover, S-nitrosylation of the histone-binding protein RBBP7 was necessary for dendritogenesis of cortical neurons in culture. Together, our findings characterize S-nitrosylated nuclear proteins in neurons and identify S-nitrosylation motifs that may be shared with other targets of NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Smith
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Sarah G Aldous
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Catia Andreassi
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Riccio
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK.
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Rai KK, Rai N, Rai SP. Salicylic acid and nitric oxide alleviate high temperature induced oxidative damage in Lablab purpureus L plants by regulating bio-physical processes and DNA methylation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 128:72-88. [PMID: 29763836 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) modulates plant growth and development processes and recent findings have also revealed their involvement in the regulation of epigenetic factors under stress condition. In the present study, some of these factors were comparatively studied in hyacinth bean plants subjected to high temperature (HT) environment (40-42 °C) with and without exogenous application of SA and SNP under field condition. Exogenous application of SA and SNP substantially modulated the growth and biophysical process of hyacinth bean plants under HT environment. Exogenous application of SA and SNP also remarkably regulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, modulated mRNA level of certain enzymes, improves plant water relation, enhance photosynthesis and thereby increasing plant defence under HT. Coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) technique revealed that many methylation changes were "dose dependent" and HT significantly increased DNA damages as evidenced by both increase and decrease in bands profiles, methylation and de-methylation pattern. Thus, the result of the present study clearly shows that exogenous SA and SNP regulates DNA methylation pattern, modulates stress-responsive genes and can impart transient HT tolerance by synchronizing growth and physiological acclimatization of plants, thus narrowing the gaps between physio-biochemical and molecular events in addressing HT tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Rai
- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Post Box-01, P.O.-Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi, 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India; Laboratory of Morphogenesis, Centre of Advance Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Post Box-01, P.O.-Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi, 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Pandey Rai
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis, Centre of Advance Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Lindermayr C, Durner J. Nitric oxide sensor proteins with revolutionary potential. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3507-3510. [PMID: 29947809 PMCID: PMC6022558 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Calvo-Begueria L, Rubio MC, Martínez JI, Pérez-Rontomé C, Delgado MJ, Bedmar EJ, Becana M. 2018. Redefining nitric oxide production in legume nodules through complementary insights from electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and specific fluorescent probes. Journal of Experimental Botany 69, 3703–3714.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, München/Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, München/Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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68
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Corpas FJ, Freschi L, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Mioto PT, González-Gordo S, Palma JM. Nitro-oxidative metabolism during fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3449-3463. [PMID: 29304200 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), which belong to the Solanaceae family, are among the most cultivated and consumed fleshy fruits worldwide and constitute excellent sources of many essential nutrients, such as vitamins A, C, and E, calcium, and carotenoids. While fruit ripening is a highly regulated and complex process, tomato and pepper have been classified as climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, respectively. These fruits differ greatly in shape, color composition, flavor, and several other features which undergo drastic changes during the ripening process. Such ripening-related metabolic and developmental changes require extensive alterations in many cellular and biochemical processes, which ultimately leads to fully ripe fruits with nutritional and organoleptic features that are attractive to both natural dispersers and human consumers. Recent data show that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are involved in fruit ripening, during which molecules, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), NADPH, nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), interact to regulate protein functions through post-translational modifications. In light of these recent discoveries, this review provides an update on the nitro-oxidative metabolism during the ripening of two of the most economically important fruits, discusses the signaling roles played by ROS/RNS in controlling this complex physiological process, and highlights the potential biotechnological applications of these substances to promote further improvements in fruit ripening regulation and nutritional quality. In addition, we suggest that the term 'nitro-oxidative eustress' with regard to fruit ripening would be more appropriate than nitro-oxidative stress, which ultimately favors the consolidation of the plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Paulo T Mioto
- Department of Botany, Biological Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
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Begara-Morales JC, Chaki M, Valderrama R, Sánchez-Calvo B, Mata-Pérez C, Padilla MN, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Nitric oxide buffering and conditional nitric oxide release in stress response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3425-3438. [PMID: 29506191 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an essential biological messenger in plant biology that usually transmits its bioactivity by post-translational modifications such as S-nitrosylation, the reversible addition of an NO group to a protein cysteine residue leading to S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). In recent years, SNOs have risen as key signalling molecules mainly involved in plant response to stress. Chief among SNOs is S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), generated by S-nitrosylation of the key antioxidant glutathione (GSH). GSNO is considered the major NO reservoir and a phloem mobile signal that confers to NO the capacity to be a long-distance signalling molecule. GSNO is able to regulate protein function and gene expression, resulting in a key role for GSNO in fundamental processes in plants, such as development and response to a wide range of environmental stresses. In addition, GSNO is also able to regulate the total SNO pool and, consequently, it could be considered the storage of NO in cells that may control NO signalling under basal and stress-related responses. Thus, GSNO function could be crucial during plant response to environmental stresses. Besides the importance of GSNO in plant biology, its mode of action has not been widely discussed in the literature. In this review, we will first discuss the GSNO turnover in cells and secondly the role of GSNO as a mediator of physiological and stress-related processes in plants, highlighting those aspects for which there is still some controversy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Begara-Morales
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Mounira Chaki
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Raquel Valderrama
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Calvo
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - María N Padilla
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Frungillo L, Spoel SH. Modulating the Modulator: Regulation of Protein Methylation by Nitric Oxide. Mol Cell 2017; 67:535-537. [PMID: 28820964 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein methylation is an important modulator of signal transduction pathways, but methyltransferases themselves may also be modulated. Hu et al. (2017) demonstrate in this issue of Molecular Cell that S-nitrosylation selectively modulates enzymatic activity of a protein arginine methyltransferase vital to abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Frungillo
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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71
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Ni M, Zhang L, Shi YF, Wang C, Lu Y, Pan J, Liu JZ. Excessive Cellular S-nitrosothiol Impairs Endocytosis of Auxin Efflux Transporter PIN2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1988. [PMID: 29218054 PMCID: PMC5704370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR1) is the key enzyme that regulates cellular levels of S-nitrosylation across kingdoms. We have previously reported that loss of GSNOR1 resulted in impaired auxin signaling and compromised auxin transport in Arabidopsis, leading to the auxin-related morphological phenotypes. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning the compromised auxin transport in gsnor1-3 mutant is still unknown. Endocytosis of plasma-membrane (PM)-localized efflux PIN proteins play critical roles in auxin transport. Therefore, we investigate whether loss of GSNOR1 function has any effects on the endocytosis of PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins. It was found that the endocytosis of either the endogenous PIN2 or the transgenically expressed PIN2-GFP was compromised in the root cells of gsnor1-3 seedlings relative to Col-0. The internalization of PM-associated PIN2 or PIN2-GFP into Brefeldin A (BFA) bodies was significantly reduced in gsnor1-3 upon BFA treatment in a manner independent of de novo protein synthesis. In addition, the exogenously applied GSNO not only compromised the endocytosis of PIN2-GFP but also inhibited the root elongation in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, our results indicate that, besides the reduced PIN2 level, one or more compromised components in the endocytosis pathway could account for the reduced endocytosis of PIN2 in gsnor1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ni
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ya-Fei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiran Lu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jianwei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Zhong Liu
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