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Rezaeian AH, Khanbabaei H, Calin GA. Therapeutic Potential of the miRNA-ATM Axis in the Management of Tumor Radioresistance. Cancer Res 2019; 80:139-150. [PMID: 31767626 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is widely known for its function as a chief mobilizer of the DNA damage response (DDR) upon DNA double-strand breaks. ATM orchestrates the DDR by modulating the expression of various miRNAs through several mechanisms. On the other hand, a set of miRNAs contribute to tight regulation of ATM by directly targeting the 3'-untranslated region of ATM mRNA. This review addresses the therapeutic application and molecular mechanisms that underlie the intricate interactions between miRNAs and ATM. It also describes therapeutic delivery of miRNAs in different environments such as hypoxic tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol-Hossein Rezaeian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - George A Calin
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and the Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Song W, Guo C, Chen J, Duan S, Hu Y, Zou Y, Chi H, Geng J, Zhou J. Silencing PSME3 induces colorectal cancer radiosensitivity by downregulating the expression of cyclin B1 and CKD1. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1409-1418. [PMID: 31630568 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219883408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiotherapy remains a severe obstacle in the treatment of high-risk colorectal cancer patients. Recent studies have indicated that proteasome activator complex subunit 3 (PSME3) participates in the development and progression of various human malignancies and is proposed to play a role in tumor radioresistance. However, the impact of PSME3 on radioresistance of colorectal cancer has been largely unknown. In the present study, the enhanced expression of PSME3 was observed in colorectal cancer cells and tissue. Upregulation of PSME3 was significantly implicated in lymph node state, lymphovascular invasion, and Dukes' stage. Furthermore, high PSME3 expression was closely linked to poorer overall and progression-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer. The study further demonstrated that the proliferative, invasive and migratory potential of colorectal cancer cells was effectively inhibited in vitro after silencing PSME3. Our results verified that knockdown of PSME3 probably triggered cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by downregulation of cyclinB1 and CDK1, thereby enhancing the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells. These data illustrated that PSME3 is a promising biomarker predictive of colorectal cancer prognosis and silencing of PSME3 may provide with a new approach for sensitizing the radiotherapy in colorectal cancer. Impact statement It is reported that colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. At present, the main treatment method of colorectal cancer is surgery, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Among them, radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of locally advanced colorectal cancer, surgery, and chemotherapy. Our study found that down-regulation of PSME3 may enhance the radiosensitivity of CRC cells by triggering cell cycle arrest, which suggests that silence PSME3 may provide a new method for improving the radiosensitivity of CRC. What’more, our research also demonstrated that PSME3 may promote proliferation, invasive and migratory potential of CRC cells, which implies that PSME3 might be a biomarker of CRC for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Song
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Guo
- Department of Emergency, Zhumadian Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shiyu Duan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yukun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Honggang Chi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Krenning L, van den Berg J, Medema RH. Life or Death after a Break: What Determines the Choice? Mol Cell 2019; 76:346-358. [PMID: 31561953 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) pose a constant threat to genomic integrity. Such DSBs need to be repaired to preserve homeostasis at both the cellular and organismal levels. Hence, the DNA damage response (DDR) has evolved to repair these lesions and limit their toxicity. The initiation of DNA repair depends on the activation of the DDR, and we know that the strength of DDR signaling may differentially affect cellular viability. However, we do not fully understand what determines the cytotoxicity of a DSB. Recent work has identified genomic location, (in)correct DNA repair pathway usage, and cell-cycle position as contributors to DSB-induced cytotoxicity. In this review, we discuss how these determinants affect cytotoxicity, highlight recent discoveries, and identify open questions that could help to improve our understanding about cell fate decisions after a DNA DSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenno Krenning
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van den Berg
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Ravi V, Madhankumar AB, Abraham T, Slagle-Webb B, Connor JR. Liposomal delivery of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) siRNA in patient xenograft derived glioblastoma initiating cells suggests different sensitivities to radiation and distinct survival mechanisms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221952. [PMID: 31491006 PMCID: PMC6730865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of the iron regulatory protein, ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), is increasingly being associated with high tumor grade and poor survival outcomes in glioblastoma. Glioma initiating cells (GICs), a small population of stem-like cells implicated in therapeutic resistance and glioblastoma recurrence, have recently been shown to exhibit increased FTH1 expression. We previously demonstrated that FTH1 knockdown enhanced therapeutic sensitivity in an astrocytoma cell line. Therefore, in this study we developed a liposomal formulation to enable the in vitro delivery of FTH1 siRNA in patient xenograft derived GICs from glioblastomas with pro-neural and mesenchymal transcriptional signatures to interrogate the effect of FTH1 downregulation on their radiation sensitivity. Transfection with siRNA decreased FTH1 expression significantly in both GICs. However, there were inherent differences in transfectability between pro-neural and mesenchymal tumor derived GICs, leading us to modify siRNA: liposome ratios for comparable transfection. Moreover, loss of FTH1 expression resulted in increased extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity, executioner caspase 3/7 induction, substantial mitochondrial damage, diminished mitochondrial mass and reduced cell viability. However, only GICs from pro-neural glioblastoma showed marked increase in radiosensitivity upon FTH1 downregulation demonstrated by decreased cell viability, impaired DNA repair and reduced colony formation subsequent to radiation. In addition, the stemness marker Nestin was downregulated upon FTH1 silencing only in GICs of pro-neural but not mesenchymal origin. Using liposomes as a siRNA delivery system, we established FTH1 as a critical factor for survival in both GIC subtypes as well as a regulator of radioresistance and stemness in pro-neural tumor derived GICs. Our study provides further evidence to support the role of FTH1 as a promising target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagisha Ravi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Becky Slagle-Webb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James R. Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Abstract
Alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are hallmarks of cancer. Incorrect repair of DNA lesions often leads to genomic instability. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a core component of the DNA repair system, is activated to enhance the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway upon DNA double-strand breaks. Although ATM signaling has been widely studied in different types of cancer, its research is still lacking compared with other DDR-involved molecules such as PARP and ATR. There is still a vast research opportunity for the development of ATM inhibitors as anticancer agents. Here, we focus on the recent findings of ATM signaling in DNA repair of cancer. Previous studies have identified several partners of ATM, some of which promote ATM signaling, while others have the opposite effect. ATM inhibitors, including KU-55933, KU-60019, KU-59403, CP-466722, AZ31, AZ32, AZD0156, and AZD1390, have been evaluated for their antitumor effects. It has been revealed that ATM inhibition increases a cancer cell's sensitivity to radiotherapy. Moreover, the combination with PARP or ATR inhibitors has synergistic lethality in some cancers. Of note, among these ATM inhibitors, AZD0156 and AZD1390 achieve potent and highly selective ATM kinase inhibition and have an excellent ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Currently, AZD0156 and AZD1390 are under investigation in phase I clinical trials. Taken together, targeting ATM may be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Hence, further development of ATM inhibitors is urgently needed in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Jin
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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56
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Implication for Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Cancer Chemo-Resistance: Promising Therapeutic Strategies Based on the Use of HDAC Inhibitors. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070912. [PMID: 31247937 PMCID: PMC6678716 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy in patients with solid cancers represents a daunting challenge that must be addressed. Indeed, current strategies are still not effective in the majority of patients; which has resulted in the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subset of tumor cells that possess self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, are known to be intrinsically resistant to anticancer treatments. In this review, we analyzed the implications for CSCs in drug resistance and described that multiple alterations in morphogenetic pathways (i.e., Hippo, Wnt, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, Notch, Hedgehog pathways) were suggested to be critical for CSC plasticity. By interrogating The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, we first analyzed the prevalence of morphogenetic pathways alterations in solid tumors with associated outcomes. Then, by highlighting epigenetic relevance in CSC development and maintenance, we selected histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as potential agents of interest to target this subpopulation based on the pleiotropic effects exerted specifically on altered morphogenetic pathways. In detail, we highlighted the role of HDACi in solid cancers and, specifically, in the CSC subpopulation and we pointed out some mechanisms by which HDACi are able to overcome drug resistance and to modulate stemness. Although, further clinical and preclinical investigations should be conducted to disclose the unclear mechanisms by which HDACi modulate several signaling pathways in different tumors. To date, several lines of evidence support the testing of novel combinatorial therapeutic strategies based on the combination of drugs commonly used in clinical practice and HDACi to improve therapeutic efficacy in solid cancer patients.
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Schulz A, Meyer F, Dubrovska A, Borgmann K. Cancer Stem Cells and Radioresistance: DNA Repair and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060862. [PMID: 31234336 PMCID: PMC6627210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current preclinical and clinical findings demonstrate that, in addition to the conventional clinical and pathological indicators that have a prognostic value in radiation oncology, the number of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their inherent radioresistance are important parameters for local control after radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of CSC radioresistance attributable to DNA repair mechanisms and the development of CSC-targeted therapies for tumor radiosensitization. We also discuss the current challenges in preclinical and translational CSC research including the high inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, plasticity of CSCs, and microenvironment-stimulated tumor cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schulz
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Felix Meyer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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58
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Vengoji R, Macha MA, Nimmakayala RK, Rachagani S, Siddiqui JA, Mallya K, Gorantla S, Jain M, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK, Shonka N. Afatinib and Temozolomide combination inhibits tumorigenesis by targeting EGFRvIII-cMet signaling in glioblastoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:266. [PMID: 31215502 PMCID: PMC6582495 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with universal recurrence and poor prognosis. The recurrence is largely driven by chemoradiation resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its mutant EGFRvIII are amplified in ~ 60% and ~ 30% of GBM patients, respectively; however, therapies targeting EGFR have failed to improve disease outcome. EGFRvIII-mediated cross-activation of tyrosine kinase receptor, cMET, regulates GBM CSC maintenance and promote tumor recurrence. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of pan-EGFR inhibitor afatinib and Temozolomide (TMZ) combination on GBM in vitro and in vivo. Methods We analyzed the effect of afatinib and temozolomide (TMZ) combination on GBM cells U87MG and U251 engineered to express wild type (WT) EGFR, EGFRvIII or EGFRvIII dead kinase, CSCs isolated from U87 and U87EGFRvIII in vitro. The therapeutic utility of the drug combination was investigated on tumor growth and progression using intracranially injected U87EGFRvIII GBM xenografts. Results Afatinib and TMZ combination synergistically inhibited the proliferation, clonogenic survival, motility, invasion and induced senescence of GBM cells compared to monotherapy. Mechanistically, afatinib decreased U87EGFRvIII GBM cell proliferation and motility/invasion by inhibiting EGFRvIII/AKT, EGFRvIII/JAK2/STAT3, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathways respectively. Interestingly, afatinib specifically inhibited EGFRvIII-cMET crosstalk in CSCs, resulting in decreased expression of Nanog and Oct3/4, and in combination with TMZ significantly decreased their self-renewal property in vitro. More interestingly, afatinib and TMZ combination significantly decreased the xenograft growth and progression compared to single drug alone. Conclusion Our study demonstrated significant inhibition of GBM tumorigenicity, CSC maintenance in vitro, and delayed tumor growth and progression in vivo by combination of afatinib and TMZ. Our results warrant evaluation of this drug combination in EGFR and EGFRvIII amplified GBM patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1264-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Nicole Shonka
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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DNA Repair in Radiation Oncology. Radiat Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52619-5_111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Wang J, Liang H, Sun M, Zhang L, Xu H, Liu W, Li Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, Li M. Delta-6-desaturase inhibitor enhances radiation therapy in glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6779-6790. [PMID: 30584371 PMCID: PMC6289123 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that cell inflammation pathways contribute to the development of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-inhibitor of DNA-binding protein-1 (ID1)-dependent radio-resistance in glioblastoma. Here, we proposed that inhibiting delta-6-desaturase (D6D) could block arachidonic acid synthesis and PGE2 production, thereby reversing PGE2-ID1-dependent radioresistance in glioblastoma cells and xenograft tumor models. Materials and methods Two glioblastoma cell lines, namely, U-87 MG and LN-229, were used for the in vitro study. The combination effects of SC-26196 (a D6D inhibitor) and radiation were assessed by the MTS assay, colony formation assay, and cell apoptosis analysis. HPLC/MS analysis was performed to quantify the production of arachidonic acid and PGE2. For the in vivo study, 6-week-old nude mice, each bearing a U-87 MG xenograft tumor, were subjected to 4-week treatments of vehicle, SC-26196, radiation, or the combination of both. Tumor growth was monitored during the treatment, and the tumor tissues were collected at the end for further analysis. Results Treatment with SC-26196 significantly improved radiosensitivity in both glioblastoma cell lines in vitro, and radiosensitivity was associated with inhibited synthesis of arachidonic acid and PGE2. The combination of SC-26196 and radiation synergistically inhibited U-87 MG xenograft tumor growth, in association with the induction of tumor apoptosis and suppressed tumor proliferation. SC-26196 also inhibited arachidonic acid and PGE2 production in vivo and limited expression of ID1. Conclusion These data suggested that the D6D inhibitor could reverse PGE2-ID1-dependent radioresistance in glioblastoma cells and xenograft tumor models by blocking the synthesis of arachidonic acid and PGE2. Although further investigation is required, the outcomes from this study may guide us in developing a potentially novel combination strategy for current glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Huaxin Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China,
| | - Meiyan Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Huijing Xu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Yingya Li
- Department of Cereal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China,
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Dolgova EV, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Tyrinova TV, Taranov OS, Efremov YR, Orishchenko KE, Mishinov SV, Stupak VV, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Bogachev SS. Evaluation of a strategy for tumor-initiating stem cell eradication in primary human glioblastoma cultures as a model. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2018. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.31-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cultures of human glioblastoma were obtained from the surgical material of patients K. (female, 61 years, Ds: relapse of glioblastoma) and Zh. (female, 60 years, Ds: relapse of glioblastoma). The effectiveness of a new therapeutic approach aimed at destroying the cancer cell community was evaluated on the primary cell lines of human glioblastoma culture by employing a new strategy of tumor-initiating stem cell synchronization and a domestic strategy of their eradication "3+1". The key elements of the strategy were the following indicator results: (1) evaluation of the presence of tumor-initiating stem cells in a population of cells from analyzed cultures by their ability to internalize double-stranded labeled DNA (TAMRA+ cells); (2) determination of the reference time points of the repair cycle of DNA interstrand cross-links induced by cross-linking cytostatic mitomycin C; (3) evaluation of cell cycle synchronization; (4) determination of the time (day after therapy initiation) when TAMRA+ cells were synchronously present in phase G1/S of the cell cycle, sensitive to the therapy; and (5) establishment of the TAMRA+ (tumor-initiating stem cells) eradication schedule. The cultures were treated with cross-linking cytostatic mitomycin C and a compositional DNA preparation. After the treatments, cell division slows down, and the cultures degrade. The K cell line completely degraded within 30 days of observation. The cell number of the Zh culture fell to nearly one-third of the starting value by day 15 of observation. On day 15, this indicator constituted 1/7.45 for mitomycin C and 1/10.28 for mitomycin C + DNA with reference to the control. The main target of the mitomycin C + DNA regimen was TAMRA+ tumor-initiating stem cells of the glioblastoma cell populations. The action of mitomycin C alone or in the combination with DNA demonstrated effective elimination of TAMRA+ tumor-initiating stem cells and the whole primary cultures of human glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - O. S. Taranov
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector"
| | - Ya. R. Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University
| | | | - S. V. Mishinov
- First Department of Neurosurgery, Y.L. Tsivian Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics
| | - V. V. Stupak
- First Department of Neurosurgery, Y.L. Tsivian Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics
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Faithful animal modelling of human glioma by using primary initiating cells and its implications for radiosensitization therapy [ARRIVE 1]. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14191. [PMID: 30242200 PMCID: PMC6154973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the ATM kinase inhibitor KU60019 preferentially radiosensitizes orthotopic high grade gliomas (HGG) driven by established U87 and U1242 cell lines bearing specific TP53 mutations. We wished to determine whether those results could be extended to tumors driven by primary glioma initiating cells (GIC) that closely mimic clinical tumors. Orthotopic HGG were developed in immunodeficient non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice by intracranial injection of primary GIC isolated from the adult glioblastoma COMI (acronym of patient’s name) and the pediatric anaplastic astrocytoma 239/12. Similar to the clinical tumors of origin, the orthotopic tumors COMI and 239/12 displayed different growth properties with a voluminous expansive lesion that exerted considerable mass effect on the adjacent structures and an infiltrating, gliomatosis-like growth pattern with limited compressive attitude, respectively. Significant elongations of median animal survival bearing the adult COMI tumor was observed after one KU60019 convection enhanced delivery followed by total 7.5 Gy of ionizing radiation delivered in fifteen 0.5 Gy fractions, as compared to animals treated with vehicle + ionizing radiation (105 vs 89 days; ratio: 0.847; 95% CI of ratio 0.4969 to 1.198; P:0.0417). Similarly, a trend to increased median survival was observed with the radiosensitized pediatric tumor 239/12 (186 vs 167 days; ratio: 0.8978; 95% CI of ratio: 0.5352 to 1.260; P: 0.0891). Our results indicate that radiosensitization by KU60019 is effective towards different orthotopic gliomas that faithfully mimic the clinical tumors and that multiple GIC-based animal models may be essential to develop novel therapeutic protocols for HGG transferable to the clinics.
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Carruthers RD, Ahmed SU, Ramachandran S, Strathdee K, Kurian KM, Hedley A, Gomez-Roman N, Kalna G, Neilson M, Gilmour L, Stevenson KH, Hammond EM, Chalmers AJ. Replication Stress Drives Constitutive Activation of the DNA Damage Response and Radioresistance in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5060-5071. [PMID: 29976574 PMCID: PMC6128404 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal primary brain tumor characterized by treatment resistance and inevitable tumor recurrence, both of which are driven by a subpopulation of GBM cancer stem-like cells (GSC) with tumorigenic and self-renewal properties. Despite having broad implications for understanding GSC phenotype, the determinants of upregulated DNA-damage response (DDR) and subsequent radiation resistance in GSC are unknown and represent a significant barrier to developing effective GBM treatments. In this study, we show that constitutive DDR activation and radiation resistance are driven by high levels of DNA replication stress (RS). CD133+ GSC exhibited reduced DNA replication velocity and a higher frequency of stalled replication forks than CD133- non-GSC in vitro; immunofluorescence studies confirmed these observations in a panel of orthotopic xenografts and human GBM specimens. Exposure of non-GSC to low-level exogenous RS generated radiation resistance in vitro, confirming RS as a novel determinant of radiation resistance in tumor cells. GSC exhibited DNA double-strand breaks, which colocalized with "replication factories" and RNA: DNA hybrids. GSC also demonstrated increased expression of long neural genes (>1 Mbp) containing common fragile sites, supporting the hypothesis that replication/transcription collisions are the likely cause of RS in GSC. Targeting RS by combined inhibition of ATR and PARP (CAiPi) provided GSC-specific cytotoxicity and complete abrogation of GSC radiation resistance in vitro These data identify RS as a cancer stem cell-specific target with significant clinical potential.Significance: These findings shed new light on cancer stem cell biology and reveal novel therapeutics with the potential to improve clinical outcomes by overcoming inherent radioresistance in GBM. Cancer Res; 78(17); 5060-71. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Carruthers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Shafiq U Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Shaliny Ramachandran
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Strathdee
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Department of Neuropathology, Brain Tumour Research Group, Frenchay Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Natividad Gomez-Roman
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Kalna
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Neilson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Gilmour
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina H Stevenson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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64
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Zhou Y, Chu L, Wang Q, Dai W, Zhang X, Chen J, Li L, Ding P, Zhang L, Gu H, Li L, Lv X, Zhang W, Zhou D, Zhang P, Cai G, Zhao K, Hu W. CD59 is a potential biomarker of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma radioresistance by affecting DNA repair. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:887. [PMID: 30166523 PMCID: PMC6117325 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an important treatment modality for esophageal cancer. However, acquisition of radioresistance ultimately results in esophageal cancer relapse. CD59, a membrane-bound complement regulatory protein, can transduce signals via a Src kinase in the lipid raft, thus playing a complement-independent role. However, the effect of CD59 on the esophageal cancer response to ionizing radiation remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression level of CD59 was positively correlated with the radioresistance of esophageal cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. High CD59 expression indicated poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who received radiotherapy. Genetic alteration of CD59 expression modulated the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to ionizing radiation. CD59 deficiency exacerbated DNA damage, hindered cell proliferation, and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence, leading to an impaired DNA damage repair ability. In addition, CD59 deficiency almost completely reduced the phosphorylation of Src at Y416 despite ionizing radiation. A Src inhibitor saracatinib sensitized esophageal cancer cells to irradiation. Therefore, CD59 may be a potential biomarker for predicting the radioresistance of ESCC to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhou Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Gu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Luying Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Lv
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Danlei Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingzhao Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuaile Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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65
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Manic G, Sistigu A, Corradi F, Musella M, De Maria R, Vitale I. Replication stress response in cancer stem cells as a target for chemotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:31-41. [PMID: 30081229 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of multipotent stem cells (SCs) responsible for the initiation, long-term clonal maintenance, growth and spreading of most human neoplasms. Reportedly, CSCs share a very robust DNA damage response (DDR) with embryonic and adult SCs, which allows them to survive endogenous and exogenous genotoxins. A range of experimental evidence indicates that CSCs have high but heterogeneous levels of replication stress (RS), arising from, and being boosted by, endogenous causes, such as specific genetic backgrounds (e.g., p53 deficiency) and/or aberrant karyotypes (e.g., supernumerary chromosomes). A multipronged RS response (RSR) is put in place by CSCs to limit and ensure tolerability to RS. The characteristics of such dedicated cascade have two opposite consequences, both relevant for cancer therapy. On the one hand, RSR efficiency often increases the reliance of CSCs on specific DDR components. On the other hand, the functional redundancy of pathways of the RSR can paradoxically promote the acquisition of resistance to RS- and/or DNA damage-inducing agents. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of the RSR in cancer cells and CSCs, focusing on the role of CHK1 and some emerging players, such as PARP1 and components of the homologous recombination repair, whose targeting can represent a long-term effective anti-CSC strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenola Manic
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University and Gemelli Polyclinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Musella
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University and Gemelli Polyclinic, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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Durant ST, Zheng L, Wang Y, Chen K, Zhang L, Zhang T, Yang Z, Riches L, Trinidad AG, Fok JHL, Hunt T, Pike KG, Wilson J, Smith A, Colclough N, Reddy VP, Sykes A, Janefeldt A, Johnström P, Varnäs K, Takano A, Ling S, Orme J, Stott J, Roberts C, Barrett I, Jones G, Roudier M, Pierce A, Allen J, Kahn J, Sule A, Karlin J, Cronin A, Chapman M, Valerie K, Illingworth R, Pass M. The brain-penetrant clinical ATM inhibitor AZD1390 radiosensitizes and improves survival of preclinical brain tumor models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat1719. [PMID: 29938225 PMCID: PMC6010333 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poor survival rates of patients with tumors arising from or disseminating into the brain are attributed to an inability to excise all tumor tissue (if operable), a lack of blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of chemotherapies/targeted agents, and an intrinsic tumor radio-/chemo-resistance. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein orchestrates the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) to cytotoxic DNA double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation (IR). ATM genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition results in tumor cell hypersensitivity to IR. We report the primary pharmacology of the clinical-grade, exquisitely potent (cell IC50, 0.78 nM), highly selective [>10,000-fold over kinases within the same phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family], orally bioavailable ATM inhibitor AZD1390 specifically optimized for BBB penetration confirmed in cynomolgus monkey brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of microdosed 11C-labeled AZD1390 (Kp,uu, 0.33). AZD1390 blocks ATM-dependent DDR pathway activity and combines with radiation to induce G2 cell cycle phase accumulation, micronuclei, and apoptosis. AZD1390 radiosensitizes glioma and lung cancer cell lines, with p53 mutant glioma cells generally being more radiosensitized than wild type. In in vivo syngeneic and patient-derived glioma as well as orthotopic lung-brain metastatic models, AZD1390 dosed in combination with daily fractions of IR (whole-brain or stereotactic radiotherapy) significantly induced tumor regressions and increased animal survival compared to IR treatment alone. We established a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic-efficacy relationship by correlating free brain concentrations, tumor phospho-ATM/phospho-Rad50 inhibition, apoptotic biomarker (cleaved caspase-3) induction, tumor regression, and survival. On the basis of the data presented here, AZD1390 is now in early clinical development for use as a radiosensitizer in central nervous system malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Durant
- Bioscience, Oncology Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Li Zheng
- Bioscience, Innovative Cancer Centre, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Bioscience, Innovative Cancer Centre, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Innovative Cancer Centre, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Innovative Cancer Centre, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- Bioscience, Innovative Cancer Centre, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfan Yang
- Bioscience, Innovative Cancer Centre, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Lucy Riches
- Bioscience, Oncology Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio G Trinidad
- Bioscience, Oncology Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacqueline H L Fok
- Bioscience, Oncology Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom Hunt
- Chemistry, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kurt G Pike
- Chemistry, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanne Wilson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aaron Smith
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola Colclough
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Venkatesh Pilla Reddy
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Sykes
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annika Janefeldt
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Ling
- Discovery Sciences, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Orme
- Discovery Sciences, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Stott
- Discovery Sciences, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Roberts
- Discovery Sciences, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Barrett
- Discovery Sciences, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gemma Jones
- Translational Sciences, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martine Roudier
- Translational Sciences, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Translational Sciences, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jasmine Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0058, USA
| | - Jenna Kahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0058, USA
| | - Amrita Sule
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0058, USA
| | - Jeremy Karlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0058, USA
| | - Anna Cronin
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa Chapman
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristoffer Valerie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0058, USA
| | | | - Martin Pass
- Projects, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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67
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Lee YE, Choi SA, Kwack PA, Kim HJ, Kim IH, Wang KC, Phi JH, Lee JY, Chong S, Park SH, Park KD, Hwang DW, Joo KM, Kim SK. Repositioning disulfiram as a radiosensitizer against atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:1079-1087. [PMID: 28340172 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in infants. Although cancer stem cells of AT/RT express aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), effective chemotherapies against AT/RT have not been established. Here, we examined radiosensitizing effects of disulfiram (DSF), an irreversible inhibitor of ALDH against AT/RT for a novel therapeutic method. Methods Patient-derived primary cultured AT/RT cells (SNU.AT/RT-5 and SNU.AT/RT-6) and established AT/RT cell lines (BT-12 and BT-16) were used to assess therapeutic effects of combining DSF with radiation treatment (RT). Survival fraction by clonogenic assay, protein expression, immunofluorescence, and autophagy analysis were evaluated in vitro. Antitumor effects of combining DSF with RT were verified by bioluminescence imaging, tumor volume, and survival analysis in vivo. Results The results demonstrated that DSF at low concentration enhanced the radiosensitivity of AT/RT cells with reduction of survival fraction to 1.21‒1.58. DSF increased DNA double-strand break (γ-H2AX, p-DNA-PKcs, and p-ATM), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), autophagy (LC3B), and cell cycle arrest (p21) in irradiated AT/RT cells, while it decreased anti-apoptosis (nuclear factor-kappaB, Survivin, and B-cell lymphoma 2 [Bcl2]). In vivo, DSF and RT combined treatment significantly reduced tumor volumes and prolonged the survival of AT/RT mouse models compared with single treatments. The combined treatment also increased γ-H2AX, cleaved caspase-3, and LC3B expression and decreased ALDH1, Survivin, and Bcl2 expression in vivo. Conclusions DSF and RT combination therapy has additive therapeutic effects on AT/RT by potentiating programmed cell death, including apoptosis and autophagy of AT/RT cells. We suggest that DSF can be applied as a radiosensitizer in AT/RT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Pil Ae Kwack
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Il Han Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Wang
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Phi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sangjoon Chong
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Duk Park
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyeung Min Joo
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Adolescent Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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68
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Karlin J, Allen J, Ahmad SF, Hughes G, Sheridan V, Odedra R, Farrington P, Cadogan EB, Riches LC, Garcia-Trinidad A, Thomason AG, Patel B, Vincent J, Lau A, Pike KG, Hunt TA, Sule A, Valerie NCK, Biddlestone-Thorpe L, Kahn J, Beckta JM, Mukhopadhyay N, Barlaam B, Degorce SL, Kettle J, Colclough N, Wilson J, Smith A, Barrett IP, Zheng L, Zhang T, Wang Y, Chen K, Pass M, Durant ST, Valerie K. Orally Bioavailable and Blood-Brain Barrier-Penetrating ATM Inhibitor (AZ32) Radiosensitizes Intracranial Gliomas in Mice. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1637-1647. [PMID: 29769307 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) during radiotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) may improve tumor control by short-circuiting the response to radiation-induced DNA damage. A major impediment for clinical implementation is that current inhibitors have limited central nervous system (CNS) bioavailability; thus, the goal was to identify ATM inhibitors (ATMi) with improved CNS penetration. Drug screens and refinement of lead compounds identified AZ31 and AZ32. The compounds were then tested in vivo for efficacy and impact on tumor and healthy brain. Both AZ31 and AZ32 blocked the DNA damage response and radiosensitized GBM cells in vitro AZ32, with enhanced blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, was highly efficient in vivo as radiosensitizer in syngeneic and human, orthotopic mouse glioma model compared with AZ31. Furthermore, human glioma cell lines expressing mutant p53 or having checkpoint-defective mutations were particularly sensitive to ATMi radiosensitization. The mechanism for this p53 effect involves a propensity to undergo mitotic catastrophe relative to cells with wild-type p53. In vivo, apoptosis was >6-fold higher in tumor relative to healthy brain after exposure to AZ32 and low-dose radiation. AZ32 is the first ATMi with oral bioavailability shown to radiosensitize glioma and improve survival in orthotopic mouse models. These findings support the development of a clinical-grade, BBB-penetrating ATMi for the treatment of GBM. Importantly, because many GBMs have defective p53 signaling, the use of an ATMi concurrent with standard radiotherapy is expected to be cancer-specific, increase the therapeutic ratio, and maintain full therapeutic effect at lower radiation doses. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1637-47. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Karlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jasmine Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Syed F Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Gareth Hughes
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Victoria Sheridan
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Rajesh Odedra
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul Farrington
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Elaine B Cadogan
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Lucy C Riches
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Antonio Garcia-Trinidad
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew G Thomason
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Bhavika Patel
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Jennifer Vincent
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Alan Lau
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Kurt G Pike
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas A Hunt
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Amrita Sule
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nicholas C K Valerie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Laura Biddlestone-Thorpe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jenna Kahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jason M Beckta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nitai Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Bernard Barlaam
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Sebastien L Degorce
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Jason Kettle
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicola Colclough
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Joanne Wilson
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Aaron Smith
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Ian P Barrett
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zheng
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Chen
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Martin Pass
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephen T Durant
- AstraZeneca - Bioscience, DMPK, Chemistry, Discovery Sciences and Projects-Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, Alderley Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DizalPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristoffer Valerie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
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69
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Romano FJ, Guadagno E, Solari D, Borrelli G, Pignatiello S, Cappabianca P, Del Basso De Caro M. ATM and p53 combined analysis predicts survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients: A clinicopathologic study. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4867-4877. [PMID: 29369420 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant cancers, with a distinguishing dismal prognosis: surgery followed by chemo- and radiotherapy represents the current standard of care, and chemo- and radioresistance underlie disease recurrence and short overall survival of patients suffering from this malignancy. ATM is a kinase activated by autophosphorylation upon DNA doublestrand breaks arising from errors during replication, byproducts of metabolism, chemotherapy or ionizing radiations; TP53 is one of the most popular tumor suppressor, with a preeminent role in DNA damage response and repair. To study the effects of the immunohistochemical expression of p-ATM and p53 in glioblastoma patients, 21 cases were retrospectively examined. In normal brain tissue, p-ATM was expressed only in neurons; conversely, in tumors cells, the protein showed a variable cytoplasmic expression (score: +,++,+++), with being completely undetectable in three cases. Statistical analysis revealed that high p-ATM score (++/+++) strongly correlated to shorter survival (P = 0.022). No difference in overall survival was registered between p53 normally expressed (NE) and overexpressed (OE) glioblastoma patients (P = 0.669). Survival analysis performed on the results from combined assessment of the two proteins showed that patients with NE p53 /low pATM score had longer overall survival than the NE p53/ high pATM score counterpart. Cox-regression analysis confirmed this finding (HR = 0.025; CI 95% = 0.002-0.284; P = 0.003). Our study outlined the immunohistochemical expression of p-ATM/p53 in glioblastomas and provided data on their possible prognostic/predictive of response role. A "non-oncogene addiction" to ATM for NEp53 glioblastoma could be postulated, strengthening the rationale for development of ATM inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elia Guadagno
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Solari
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Borrelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Pignatiello
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Cappabianca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marialaura Del Basso De Caro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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70
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Hira VVV, Wormer JR, Kakar H, Breznik B, van der Swaan B, Hulsbos R, Tigchelaar W, Tonar Z, Khurshed M, Molenaar RJ, Van Noorden CJF. Periarteriolar Glioblastoma Stem Cell Niches Express Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche Proteins. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:155-173. [PMID: 29297738 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417749174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma, a fraction of malignant cells consists of therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) residing in protective niches that recapitulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in bone marrow. We have previously shown that HSC niche proteins stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), osteopontin (OPN), and cathepsin K (CatK) are expressed in hypoxic GSC niches around arterioles in five human glioblastoma samples. In HSC niches, HSCs are retained by binding of SDF-1α and OPN to their receptors CXCR4 and CD44, respectively. Protease CatK cleaves SDF-1α to release HSCs out of niches. The aim of the present study was to reproduce the immunohistochemical localization of these GSC markers in 16 human glioblastoma samples with the addition of three novel markers. Furthermore, we assessed the type of blood vessels associated with GSC niches. In total, we found seven GSC niches containing CD133-positive and nestin-positive GSCs as a single-cell layer exclusively around the tunica adventitia of 2% of the CD31-positive and SMA-positive arterioles and not around capillaries and venules. Niches expressed SDF-1α, CXCR4, CatK, OPN, CD44, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In conclusion, we show that GSC niches are present around arterioles and express bone marrow HSC niche proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashendriya V V Hira
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jill R Wormer
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hala Kakar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Britt van der Swaan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Hulsbos
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wikky Tigchelaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zbynek Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F Van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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71
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Han X, Xue X, Zhou H, Zhang G. A molecular view of the radioresistance of gliomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100931-100941. [PMID: 29246031 PMCID: PMC5725073 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas originate from glial cells and are the most frequent primary brain tumors. High-grade gliomas occur ∼4 times more frequently than low-grade gliomas, are highly malignant, and have extremely poor prognosis. Radiotherapy, sometimes combined with chemotherapy, is considered the treatment of choice for gliomas and is used after resective surgery. Despite great technological improvements, the radiotherapeutic effect is generally limited, due to the marked radioresistance exhibited by gliomas cells, especially glioma stem cells (GSCs). The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are multiple and remain to be fully elucidated. This review attempts to summarize current knowledge on the molecular basis of glioma radioresistance by focusing on signaling pathways, microRNAs, hypoxia, the brain microenvironment, and GSCs. A thorough understanding of the complex interactions between molecular, cellular, and environmental factors should provide new insight into the intrinsic radioresistance of gliomas, potentially enabling improvement, through novel concurrent therapies, of the clinical efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoying Xue
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huandi Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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72
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Abstract
An integrated genomic and functional analysis to elucidate DNA damage signaling factors promoting self-renewal of glioma stem cells (GSCs) identified proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-associated factor (PAF) up-regulation in glioblastoma. PAF is preferentially overexpressed in GSCs. Its depletion impairs maintenance of self-renewal without promoting differentiation and reduces tumor-initiating cell frequency. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that PAF supports GSC maintenance, in part, by influencing DNA replication and pyrimidine metabolism pathways. PAF interacts with PCNA and regulates PCNA-associated DNA translesion synthesis (TLS); consequently, PAF depletion in combination with radiation generated fewer tumorspheres compared with radiation alone. Correspondingly, pharmacological impairment of DNA replication and TLS phenocopied the effect of PAF depletion in compromising GSC self-renewal and radioresistance, providing preclinical proof of principle that combined TLS inhibition and radiation therapy may be a viable therapeutic option in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
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73
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Caragher SP, Sachdev S, Ahmed A. Radiotherapy and Glioma Stem Cells: Searching for Chinks in Cellular Armor. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:348-357. [PMID: 29354390 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the review Radiation became a pillar of oncologic treatment in the last century and provided a powerful and effective locoregional treatment of solid malignancies. After achieving some of the first cures in lymphomas and skin cancers, it assumed a key role in curative treatment of epithelioid malignancies. Despite success across a variety of histologic types, glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor afflicting adults, remains ultimately resistant to current radiation strategies. While GBMs demonstrate an initial response, recurrence is essentially universal and fatal, and typically reoccur in the areas that received the most intense radiation. Recent Findings Glioma stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells with expression profiles similar to neural stem cells and marked self-renewal capacities, have been shown to drive tumor recurrence and preclude curative radiotherapy. Recent research has shown that these cells have enhanced DNA repair capacity, elevated resistance to cytotoxic ion fluxes and escape multi-modality therapies. Summary We will analyze the current understanding of GSCs and radiation by highlighting key discoveries probing their ability to withstand radiotherapy. We then speculate on novel mechanisms by which GSC can be made sensitive to or specifically targeted by radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus P Caragher
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sean Sachdev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Atique Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Zhang X, Huang Q, Wang X, Xu Y, Xu R, Han M, Huang B, Chen A, Qiu C, Sun T, Wang F, Li X, Wang J, Zhao P, Wang X. Bufalin enhances radiosensitivity of glioblastoma by suppressing mitochondrial function and DNA damage repair. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:627-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Bindra RS, Chalmers AJ, Evans S, Dewhirst M. GBM radiosensitizers: dead in the water…or just the beginning? J Neurooncol 2017; 134:513-521. [PMID: 28762004 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The finding that most GBMs recur either near or within the primary site after radiotherapy has fueled great interest in the development of radiosensitizers to enhance local control. Unfortunately, decades of clinical trials testing a wide range of novel therapeutic approaches have failed to yield any clinically viable radiosensitizers. However, many of the previous radiosensitizing strategies were not based on clear pre-clinical evidence, and in many cases blood-barrier penetration was not considered. Furthermore, DNA repair inhibitors have only recenly arrived in the clinic, and likely represent potent agents for glioma radiosensitization. Here, we present recent progress in the use of small molecule DNA damage response inhibitors as GBM radiosensitizers. In addition, we discuss the latest progress in targeting hypoxia and oxidative stress for GBM radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences & Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sydney Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Mark Dewhirst
- Radiation Oncology Department, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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76
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Agliano A, Calvo A, Box C. The challenge of targeting cancer stem cells to halt metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 44:25-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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77
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Fukumoto Y. Radiosensitization of cancer stem cells in glioblastoma by the simultaneous inhibition of parallel DNA damage response pathways. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:S2. [PMID: 28567384 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.03.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Fukumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Abou-Antoun TJ, Hale JS, Lathia JD, Dombrowski SM. Brain Cancer Stem Cells in Adults and Children: Cell Biology and Therapeutic Implications. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:372-384. [PMID: 28374184 PMCID: PMC5398995 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors represent some of the most malignant cancers in both children and adults. Current treatment options target the majority of tumor cells but do not adequately target self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have been reported to resist the most aggressive radiation and chemotherapies, and give rise to recurrent, treatment-resistant secondary malignancies. With advancing technologies, we now have a better understanding of the genetic, epigenetic and molecular signatures and microenvironmental influences which are useful in distinguishing between distinctly different tumor subtypes. As a result, efforts are now underway to identify and target CSCs within various tumor subtypes based on this foundation. This review discusses progress in CSC biology as it relates to targeted therapies which may be uniquely different between pediatric and adult brain tumors. Studies to date suggest that pediatric brain tumors may benefit more from genetic and epigenetic targeted therapies, while combination treatments aimed specifically at multiple molecular pathways may be more effective in treating adult brain tumors which seem to have a greater propensity towards microenvironmental interactions. Ultimately, CSC targeting approaches in combination with current clinical therapies have the potential to be more effective owing to their ability to compromise CSCs maintenance and the mechanisms which underlie their highly aggressive and deadly nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara J Abou-Antoun
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - James S Hale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen M Dombrowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Section of Pediatric Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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79
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Antonelli M, Strappazzon F, Arisi I, Brandi R, D'Onofrio M, Sambucci M, Manic G, Vitale I, Barilà D, Stagni V. ATM kinase sustains breast cancer stem-like cells by promoting ATG4C expression and autophagy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21692-21709. [PMID: 28423511 PMCID: PMC5400616 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) kinase signalling inhibition in cancer therapy is tempered by the identification of new emerging functions of ATM, which suggests that the role of this protein in cancer progression is complex. We recently demonstrated that this tumor suppressor gene could act as tumor promoting factor in HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2) positive breast cancer. Herein we put in evidence that ATM expression sustains the proportion of cells with a stem-like phenotype, measured as the capability to form mammospheres, independently of HER2 expression levels. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that, in mammospheres, ATM modulates the expression of cell cycle-, DNA repair- and autophagy-related genes. Among these, the silencing of the autophagic gene, autophagy related 4C cysteine peptidase (ATG4C), impairs mammosphere formation similarly to ATM depletion. Conversely, ATG4C ectopic expression in cells silenced for ATM expression, rescues mammospheres growth. Finally, tumor array analyses, performed using public data, identify a significant correlation between ATM and ATG4C expression levels in all human breast cancer subtypes, except for the basal-like one.Overall, we uncover a new connection between ATM kinase and autophagy regulation in breast cancer. We demonstrate that, in breast cancer cells, ATM and ATG4C are essential drivers of mammosphere formation, suggesting that their targeting may improve current approaches to eradicate breast cancer cells with a stem-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Antonelli
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Flavie Strappazzon
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Arisi
- Genomics Facility, European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) 'Rita Levi-Montalcini', Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Brandi
- Genomics Facility, European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) 'Rita Levi-Montalcini', Rome, Italy
| | - Mara D'Onofrio
- Genomics Facility, European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) 'Rita Levi-Montalcini', Rome, Italy
| | - Manolo Sambucci
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Regina Elena National Cancer Center Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Venturina Stagni
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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80
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Contribution of classical end-joining to PTEN inactivation in p53-mediated glioblastoma formation and drug-resistant survival. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14013. [PMID: 28094268 PMCID: PMC5247582 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair gene defects are found in virtually all human glioblastomas, but the genetic evidence for a direct role remains lacking. Here we demonstrate that combined inactivation of the XRCC4 non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair gene and p53 efficiently induces brain tumours with hallmark characteristics of human proneural/classical glioblastoma. The murine tumours exhibit PTEN loss of function instigated by reduced PTEN mRNA, and increased phosphorylated inactivation and stability as a consequence of aberrantly elevated CK2 provoked by p53 ablation and irrevocably deregulated by NHEJ inactivation. This results in DNA damage-resistant cytoplasmic PTEN and CK2 expression, and the attenuation of DNA repair genes. CK2 inhibition restores PTEN nuclear distribution and DNA repair activities and impairs tumour but not normal cell survival. These observations demonstrate that NHEJ contributes to p53-mediated glioblastoma suppression, and reveal a crucial role for PTEN in the early DNA damage signalling cascade, the inhibition of which promotes tumorigenicity and drug-resistant survival. We know that defects in DNA repair genes are associated with cancer development. Here the authors eliminate XRCC4, a non-homologous end-joining protein, and p53 in the developing brain and find that this causes glioblastoma development as a consequence of reduced PTEN function.
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81
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Krause M, Dubrovska A, Linge A, Baumann M. Cancer stem cells: Radioresistance, prediction of radiotherapy outcome and specific targets for combined treatments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 109:63-73. [PMID: 26877102 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is of utmost importance for tumor cure after radiotherapy. An increasing body of evidence complies with a higher radioresistance of CSCs compared to the mass of tumor cells, supporting the use of CSC related biomarkers for prediction of radiotherapy outcome. Treatment individualization strategies for patient groups with vastly different risk of recurrence will most likely require application of more than one biomarker. Specifically, inclusion of established biomarkers like tumor size for primary radio(chemo)therapy or human papilloma virus (HPV) infection status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma seems to be of very high relevance. The high heterogeneity of CSC subclones along with changes of the functional behavior of individual tumors under treatment underlines the importance of the selection of the optimal timepoint(s) of biomarker evaluation, but also provides a potential therapeutic target for combined treatment approaches with irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, Germany; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; OncoRay, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, Germany; OncoRay, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, Germany; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; OncoRay, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, Germany; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; OncoRay, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
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82
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Ronco C, Martin AR, Demange L, Benhida R. ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2 and WEE1 inhibitors in cancer and cancer stem cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 8:295-319. [PMID: 30108746 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00439c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA inevitably undergoes a high number of damages throughout the cell cycle. To preserve the integrity of the genome, cells have developed a complex enzymatic machinery aimed at sensing and repairing DNA lesions, pausing the cell cycle to provide more time to repair, or induce apoptosis if damages are too severe. This so-called DNA-damage response (DDR) is yet considered as a major source of resistance to DNA-damaging treatments in oncology. Recently, it has been hypothesized that cancer stem cells (CSC), a sub-population of cancer cells particularly resistant and with tumour-initiating ability, allow tumour re-growth and cancer relapse. Therefore, DDR appears as a relevant target to sensitize cancer cells and cancer stem cells to classical radio- and chemotherapies as well as to overcome resistances. Moreover, the concept of synthetic lethality could be particularly efficiently exploited in DDR. Five kinases play pivotal roles in the DDR: ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2 and WEE1. Herein, we review the drugs targeting these proteins and the inhibitors used in the specific case of CSC. We also suggest molecules that may be of interest for preclinical and clinical researchers studying checkpoint inhibition to sensitize cancer and cancer stem cells to DNA-damaging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Ronco
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Anthony R Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Luc Demange
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143.,Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Fr-75006 , France.,Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères , 45 rue des Saints Pères , France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
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83
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Turning on the Radio: Epigenetic Inhibitors as Potential Radiopriming Agents. Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6030032. [PMID: 27384589 PMCID: PMC5039418 DOI: 10.3390/biom6030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
First introduced during the late 1800s, radiation therapy is fundamental to the treatment of cancer. In developed countries, approximately 60% of all patients receive radiation therapy (also known as the sixty percenters), which makes radioresistance in cancer an important and, to date, unsolved, clinical problem. Unfortunately, the therapeutic refractoriness of solid tumors is the rule not the exception, and the ubiquity of resistance also extends to standard chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Based on extrapolation from recent clinical inroads with epigenetic agents to prime refractory tumors for maximum sensitivity to concurrent or subsequent therapies, the radioresistant phenotype is potentially reversible, since aberrant epigenetic mechanisms are critical contributors to the evolution of resistant subpopulations of malignant cells. Within the framework of a syllogism, this review explores the emerging link between epigenetics and the development of radioresistance and makes the case that a strategy of pre- or co-treatment with epigenetic agents has the potential to, not only derepress inappropriately silenced genes, but also increase reactive oxygen species production, resulting in the restoration of radiosensitivity.
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84
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Erasimus H, Gobin M, Niclou S, Van Dyck E. DNA repair mechanisms and their clinical impact in glioblastoma. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 769:19-35. [PMID: 27543314 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite surgical resection and genotoxic treatment with ionizing radiation and the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide, glioblastoma remains one of the most lethal cancers, due in great part to the action of DNA repair mechanisms that drive resistance and tumor relapse. Understanding the molecular details of these mechanisms and identifying potential pharmacological targets have emerged as vital tasks to improve treatment. In this review, we introduce the various cellular systems and animal models that are used in studies of DNA repair in glioblastoma. We summarize recent progress in our knowledge of the pathways and factors involved in the removal of DNA lesions induced by ionizing radiation and temozolomide. We introduce the therapeutic strategies relying on DNA repair inhibitors that are currently being tested in vitro or in clinical trials, and present the challenges raised by drug delivery across the blood brain barrier as well as new opportunities in this field. Finally, we review the genetic and epigenetic alterations that help shape the DNA repair makeup of glioblastoma cells, and discuss their potential therapeutic impact and implications for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Erasimus
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Matthieu Gobin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Eric Van Dyck
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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85
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Emerging targets for radioprotection and radiosensitization in radiotherapy. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11589-11609. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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86
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Chalmers AJ. Science in Focus: Combining Radiotherapy with Inhibitors of the DNA Damage Response. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2016; 28:279-82. [PMID: 26920234 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Chalmers
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK.
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87
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Kelley K, Knisely J, Symons M, Ruggieri R. Radioresistance of Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8040042. [PMID: 27043632 PMCID: PMC4846851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used as part of the standard of care treatment of the majority of brain tumors. The efficacy of RT is limited by radioresistance and by normal tissue radiation tolerance. This is highlighted in pediatric brain tumors where the use of radiation is limited by the excessive toxicity to the developing brain. For these reasons, radiosensitization of tumor cells would be beneficial. In this review, we focus on radioresistance mechanisms intrinsic to tumor cells. We also evaluate existing approaches to induce radiosensitization and explore future avenues of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kelley
- Radiation Medicine Department, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Jonathan Knisely
- Radiation Medicine Department, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Marc Symons
- The Feinstein Institute for Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Rosamaria Ruggieri
- Radiation Medicine Department, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
- The Feinstein Institute for Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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88
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Cellular Pathways in Response to Ionizing Radiation and Their Targetability for Tumor Radiosensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010102. [PMID: 26784176 PMCID: PMC4730344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, improvements in the planning and application of radiotherapy in combination with surgery and chemotherapy resulted in increased survival rates of tumor patients. However, the success of radiotherapy is impaired by two reasons: firstly, the radioresistance of tumor cells and, secondly, the radiation-induced damage of normal tissue cells located in the field of ionizing radiation. These limitations demand the development of drugs for either radiosensitization of tumor cells or radioprotection of normal tissue cells. In order to identify potential targets, a detailed understanding of the cellular pathways involved in radiation response is an absolute requirement. This review describes the most important pathways of radioresponse and several key target proteins for radiosensitization.
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89
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Tardito S, Oudin A, Ahmed SU, Fack F, Keunen O, Zheng L, Miletic H, Sakariassen PØ, Weinstock A, Wagner A, Lindsay SL, Hock AK, Barnett SC, Ruppin E, Mørkve SH, Lund-Johansen M, Chalmers AJ, Bjerkvig R, Niclou SP, Gottlieb E. Glutamine synthetase activity fuels nucleotide biosynthesis and supports growth of glutamine-restricted glioblastoma. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1556-68. [PMID: 26595383 PMCID: PMC4663685 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
L-Glutamine (Gln) functions physiologically to balance the carbon and nitrogen requirements of tissues. It has been proposed that in cancer cells undergoing aerobic glycolysis, accelerated anabolism is sustained by Gln-derived carbons, which replenish the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (anaplerosis). However, it is shown here that in glioblastoma (GBM) cells, almost half of the Gln-derived glutamate (Glu) is secreted and does not enter the TCA cycle, and that inhibiting glutaminolysis does not affect cell proliferation. Moreover, Gln-starved cells are not rescued by TCA cycle replenishment. Instead, the conversion of Glu to Gln by glutamine synthetase (GS; cataplerosis) confers Gln prototrophy, and fuels de novo purine biosynthesis. In both orthotopic GBM models and in patients, (13)C-glucose tracing showed that GS produces Gln from TCA-cycle-derived carbons. Finally, the Gln required for the growth of GBM tumours is contributed only marginally by the circulation, and is mainly either autonomously synthesized by GS-positive glioma cells, or supplied by astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Shafiq U. Ahmed
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Fred Fack
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Keunen
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Liang Zheng
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Per Øystein Sakariassen
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Adam Weinstock
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Allon Wagner
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Susan L. Lindsay
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Andreas K. Hock
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan C. Barnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | | | - Morten Lund-Johansen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020, Norway
| | | | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526, Luxembourg
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Simone P. Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526, Luxembourg
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
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90
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Rodemann HP, Bodis S. Cutting-edge research in basic and translational radiation biology/oncology reflections from the 14th International Wolfsberg Meeting on Molecular Radiation Biology/Oncology 2015. Radiother Oncol 2015; 116:335-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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91
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Ahmed SU, Carruthers R, Gilmour L, Yildirim S, Watts C, Chalmers AJ. Selective Inhibition of Parallel DNA Damage Response Pathways Optimizes Radiosensitization of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4416-28. [PMID: 26282173 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary brain tumor in adults and is essentially incurable. Despite aggressive treatment regimens centered on radiotherapy, tumor recurrence is inevitable and is thought to be driven by glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) that are highly radioresistant. DNA damage response pathways are key determinants of radiosensitivity but the extent to which these overlapping and parallel signaling components contribute to GSC radioresistance is unclear. Using a panel of primary patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines, we confirmed by clonogenic survival assays that GSCs were significantly more radioresistant than paired tumor bulk populations. DNA damage response targets ATM, ATR, CHK1, and PARP1 were upregulated in GSCs, and CHK1 was preferentially activated following irradiation. Consequently, GSCs exhibit rapid G2-M cell-cycle checkpoint activation and enhanced DNA repair. Inhibition of CHK1 or ATR successfully abrogated G2-M checkpoint function, leading to increased mitotic catastrophe and a modest increase in radiation sensitivity. Inhibition of ATM had dual effects on cell-cycle checkpoint regulation and DNA repair that were associated with greater radiosensitizing effects on GSCs than inhibition of CHK1, ATR, or PARP alone. Combined inhibition of PARP and ATR resulted in a profound radiosensitization of GSCs, which was of greater magnitude than in bulk populations and also exceeded the effect of ATM inhibition. These data demonstrate that multiple, parallel DNA damage signaling pathways contribute to GSC radioresistance and that combined inhibition of cell-cycle checkpoint and DNA repair targets provides the most effective means to overcome radioresistance of GSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiq U Ahmed
- Translational Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Ross Carruthers
- Translational Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Gilmour
- Translational Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Colin Watts
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, ED Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Translational Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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92
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Xue G, Ren Z, Grabham PW, Chen Y, Zhu J, Du Y, Pan D, Li X, Hu B. Reprogramming mediated radio-resistance of 3D-grown cancer cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:656-62. [PMID: 25883172 PMCID: PMC4497391 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro 3D growth of tumors is a new cell culture model that more closely mimics the features of the in vivo environment and is being used increasingly in the field of biological and medical research. It has been demonstrated that cancer cells cultured in 3D matrices are more radio-resistant compared with cells in monolayers. However, the mechanisms causing this difference remain unclear. Here we show that cancer cells cultured in a 3D microenvironment demonstrated an increase in cells with stem cell properties. This was confirmed by the finding that cells in 3D cultures upregulated the gene and protein expression of the stem cell reprogramming factors such as OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28 and miR-302a, compared with cells in monolayers. Moreover, the expression of β-catenin, a regulating molecule of reprogramming factors, also increased in 3D-grown cancer cells. These findings suggest that cancer cells were reprogrammed to become stem cell-like cancer cells in a 3D growth culture microenvironment. Since cancer stem cell-like cells demonstrate an increased radio-resistance and chemo-resistance, our results offer a new perspective as to why. Our findings shed new light on understanding the features of the 3D growth cell model and its application in basic research into clinical radiotherapy and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xue
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenxin Ren
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peter W Grabham
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, 10032
| | - Yaxiong Chen
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiayun Zhu
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yarong Du
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Burong Hu
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Building 5-204, Lanzhou 730000, China
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93
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McCabe N, Walker SM, Kennedy RD. When the guardian becomes the enemy: Targeting ATM in PTEN-deficient cancers. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1053595. [PMID: 27308567 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1053595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is an important signaling molecule in the DNA damage response and inhibitors of ATM are under clinical development. We identified a synthetic lethal interaction between ATM inhibition and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss that was the result of increased oxidative stress. Inhibition of ATM therefore represents a novel strategy to target PTEN-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala McCabe
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland
| | - Steven M Walker
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland
| | - Richard D Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland
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94
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Adorno-Cruz V, Kibria G, Liu X, Doherty M, Junk DJ, Guan D, Hubert C, Venere M, Mulkearns-Hubert E, Sinyuk M, Alvarado A, Caplan AI, Rich J, Gerson SL, Lathia J, Liu H. Cancer stem cells: targeting the roots of cancer, seeds of metastasis, and sources of therapy resistance. Cancer Res 2015; 75:924-9. [PMID: 25604264 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the goal to remove the roots of cancer, eliminate metastatic seeds, and overcome therapy resistance, the 2014 inaugural International Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Conference at Cleveland, OH, convened together over 320 investigators, including 55 invited world-class speakers, 25 short oral presenters, and 100 poster presenters, to gain an in-depth understanding of CSCs and explore therapeutic opportunities targeting CSCs. The meeting enabled intriguing discussions on several topics including: genetics and epigenetics; cancer origin and evolution; microenvironment and exosomes; metabolism and inflammation; metastasis and therapy resistance; single cell and heterogeneity; plasticity and reprogramming; as well as other new concepts. Reports of clinical trials targeting CSCs emphasized the urgent need for strategically designing combinational CSC-targeting therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Adorno-Cruz
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Golam Kibria
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mary Doherty
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Damian J Junk
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dongyin Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chris Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Monica Venere
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Erin Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maksim Sinyuk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alvaro Alvarado
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeremy Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stanton L Gerson
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Justin Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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95
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Carruthers R, Ahmed SU, Strathdee K, Gomez-Roman N, Amoah-Buahin E, Watts C, Chalmers AJ. Abrogation of radioresistance in glioblastoma stem-like cells by inhibition of ATM kinase. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:192-203. [PMID: 25205037 PMCID: PMC5528679 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiotherapy in glioblastoma (GBM) is an important clinical problem and several authors have attributed this to a subpopulation of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) which may be responsible for tumour recurrence following treatment. It is hypothesised that GBM CSCs exhibit upregulated DNA damage responses and are resistant to radiation but the current literature is conflicting. We investigated radioresistance of primary GBM cells grown in stem cell conditions (CSC) compared to paired differentiated tumour cell populations and explored the radiosensitising effects of the ATM inhibitor KU-55933. We report that GBM CSCs are radioresistant compared to paired differentiated tumour cells as measured by clonogenic assay. GBM CSC's display upregulated phosphorylated DNA damage response proteins and enhanced activation of the G2/M checkpoint following irradiation and repair DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) more efficiently than their differentiated tumour cell counterparts following radiation. Inhibition of ATM kinase by KU-55933 produced potent radiosensitisation of GBM CSCs (sensitiser enhancement ratios 2.6-3.5) and effectively abrogated the enhanced DSB repair proficiency observed in GBM CSCs at 24 h post irradiation. G2/M checkpoint activation was reduced but not abolished by KU-55933 in GBM CSCs. ATM kinase inhibition overcomes radioresistance of GBM CSCs and, in combination with conventional therapy, has potential to improve outcomes for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shafiq U Ahmed
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Colin Watts
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK.
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96
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Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and the corresponding ephrin ligands play a pivotal role in the glioma development and progression. Aberrant protein expression levels of the Eph receptors and ephrins are often associated with higher tumor grade and poor prognosis. Their function in tumorigenesis is complex due to the intricate network of possible co-occurring interactions between neighboring tumor cells and tumor microenvironment. Both Ephs and ephrins localize on the surface of tumor cells, tumor vasculature, glioma stem cells, tumor cells infiltrating brain, and immune cells infiltrating tumors. They can both promote and inhibit tumorigenicity depending on the downstream forward and reverse signalling generated. All the above-mentioned features make the Ephs/ephrins system an intriguing candidate for the development of new therapeutic strategies in glioma treatment. This review will give a general overview on the structure and the function of Ephs and ephrins, with a particular emphasis on the state of the knowledge of their role in malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferluga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Waldemar Debinski, M.D., Ph.D., Director of Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Thomas K. Hearn Jr. Brain Tumor Research Center, Professor of Neurosurgery, Radiation Oncology, and Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, Phone: (336) 716-9712, Fax: (336) 713-7639,
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