1
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Rattigan KM, Zarou MM, Brabcova Z, Prasad B, Zerbst D, Sarnello D, Kalkman ER, Ianniciello A, Scott MT, Dunn K, Shokry E, Sumpton D, Copland M, Tardito S, Vande Voorde J, Mussai F, Cheng P, Helgason GV. Arginine dependency is a therapeutically exploitable vulnerability in chronic myeloid leukaemic stem cells. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56279. [PMID: 37489735 PMCID: PMC10561355 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To fuel accelerated proliferation, leukaemic cells undergo metabolic deregulation, which can result in specific nutrient dependencies. Here, we perform an amino acid drop-out screen and apply pre-clinical models of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) to identify arginine as a nutrient essential for primary human CML cells. Analysis of the Microarray Innovations in Leukaemia (MILE) dataset uncovers reduced ASS1 levels in CML compared to most other leukaemia types. Stable isotope tracing reveals repressed activity of all urea cycle enzymes in patient-derived CML CD34+ cells, rendering them arginine auxotrophic. Thus, arginine deprivation completely blocks proliferation of CML CD34+ cells and induces significantly higher levels of apoptosis when compared to arginine-deprived cell lines. Similarly, primary CML cells, but not normal CD34+ samples, are particularly sensitive to treatment with the arginine-depleting enzyme, BCT-100, which induces apoptosis and reduces clonogenicity. Moreover, BCT-100 is highly efficacious in a patient-derived xenograft model, causing > 90% reduction in the number of human leukaemic stem cells (LSCs). These findings indicate arginine depletion to be a promising and novel strategy to eradicate therapy resistant LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Rattigan
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Martha M Zarou
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Zuzana Brabcova
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Bodhayan Prasad
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Désirée Zerbst
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Daniele Sarnello
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Eric R Kalkman
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Angela Ianniciello
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Mary T Scott
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Karen Dunn
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Engy Shokry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | | | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | | | - Francis Mussai
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Paul Cheng
- Bio‐cancer Treatment International Ltd, Hong Kong Science ParkShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong
| | - G Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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2
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Rattigan KM, Brabcova Z, Sarnello D, Zarou MM, Roy K, Kwan R, de Beauchamp L, Dawson A, Ianniciello A, Khalaf A, Kalkman ER, Scott MT, Dunn K, Sumpton D, Michie AM, Copland M, Tardito S, Gottlieb E, Vignir Helgason G. Pyruvate anaplerosis is a targetable vulnerability in persistent leukaemic stem cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4634. [PMID: 37591854 PMCID: PMC10435520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated oxidative metabolism is a hallmark of leukaemia. While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib have increased survival of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients, they fail to eradicate disease-initiating leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Whether TKI-treated CML LSCs remain metabolically deregulated is unknown. Using clinically and physiologically relevant assays, we generate multi-omics datasets that offer unique insight into metabolic adaptation and nutrient fate in patient-derived CML LSCs. We demonstrate that LSCs have increased pyruvate anaplerosis, mediated by increased mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1/2 (MPC1/2) levels and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) activity, in comparison to normal counterparts. While imatinib reverses BCR::ABL1-mediated LSC metabolic reprogramming, stable isotope-assisted metabolomics reveals that deregulated pyruvate anaplerosis is not affected by imatinib. Encouragingly, genetic ablation of pyruvate anaplerosis sensitises CML cells to imatinib. Finally, we demonstrate that MSDC-0160, a clinical orally-available MPC1/2 inhibitor, inhibits pyruvate anaplerosis and targets imatinib-resistant CML LSCs in robust pre-clinical CML models. Collectively these results highlight pyruvate anaplerosis as a persistent and therapeutically targetable vulnerability in imatinib-treated CML patient-derived samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Rattigan
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Zuzana Brabcova
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Daniele Sarnello
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Martha M Zarou
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kiron Roy
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ryan Kwan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lucie de Beauchamp
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Amy Dawson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Angela Ianniciello
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ahmed Khalaf
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Eric R Kalkman
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Mary T Scott
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen Dunn
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Alison M Michie
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - G Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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3
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Tardito S, MacKay C. Rethinking our approach to cancer metabolism to deliver patient benefit. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:406-415. [PMID: 37340094 PMCID: PMC10403540 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism is a major mechanism by which tumours support nutrient consumption associated with increased cellular proliferation. Selective dependency on specific metabolic pathways provides a therapeutic vulnerability that can be targeted in cancer therapy. Anti-metabolites have been used clinically since the 1940s and several agents targeting nucleotide metabolism are now well established as standard of care treatment in a range of indications. However, despite great progress in our understanding of the metabolic requirements of cancer and non-cancer cells within the tumour microenvironment, there has been limited clinical success for novel agents targeting pathways outside of nucleotide metabolism. We believe that there is significant therapeutic potential in targeting metabolic processes within cancer that is yet to be fully realised. However, current approaches to identify novel targets, test novel therapies and select patient populations most likely to benefit are sub-optimal. We highlight recent advances in technologies and understanding that will support the identification and validation of novel targets, re-evaluation of existing targets and design of optimal clinical positioning strategies to deliver patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Tardito
- The Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig MacKay
- Cancer Research Horizons, The Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
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4
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May S, Müller M, Livingstone CR, Skalka GL, Walsh PJ, Nixon C, Hedley A, Shaw R, Clark W, Vande Voorde J, Officer-Jones L, Ballantyne F, Powley IR, Drake TM, Kiourtis C, Keith A, Rocha AS, Tardito S, Sumpton D, Le Quesne J, Bushell M, Sansom OJ, Bird TG. Absent expansion of AXIN2+ hepatocytes and altered physiology in Axin2CreERT2 mice challenges the role of pericentral hepatocytes in homeostatic liver regeneration. J Hepatol 2023; 78:1028-1036. [PMID: 36702176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mouse models of lineage tracing have helped to describe the important subpopulations of hepatocytes responsible for liver regeneration. However, conflicting results have been obtained from different models. Herein, we aimed to reconcile these conflicting reports by repeating a key lineage-tracing study from pericentral hepatocytes and characterising this Axin2CreERT2 model in detail. METHODS We performed detailed characterisation of the labelled population in the Axin2CreERT2 model. We lineage traced this cell population, quantifying the labelled population over 1 year and performed in-depth phenotypic comparisons, including transcriptomics, metabolomics and analysis of proteins through immunohistochemistry, of Axin2CreERT2 mice to WT counterparts. RESULTS We found that after careful definition of a baseline population, there are marked differences in labelling between male and female mice. Upon induced lineage tracing there was no expansion of the labelled hepatocyte population in Axin2CreERT2 mice. We found substantial evidence of disrupted homeostasis in Axin2CreERT2 mice. Offspring are born with sub-Mendelian ratios and adult mice have perturbations of hepatic Wnt/β-catenin signalling and related metabolomic disturbance. CONCLUSIONS We find no evidence of predominant expansion of the pericentral hepatocyte population during liver homeostatic regeneration. Our data highlight the importance of detailed preclinical model characterisation and the pitfalls which may occur when comparing across sexes and backgrounds of mice and the effects of genetic insertion into native loci. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Understanding the source of cells which regenerate the liver is crucial to harness their potential to regrow injured livers. Herein, we show that cells which were previously thought to repopulate the liver play only a limited role in physiological regeneration. Our data helps to reconcile differing conclusions drawn from results from a number of prior studies and highlights methodological challenges which are relevant to preclinical models more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie May
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Miryam Müller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | | | | | - Peter J Walsh
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - William Clark
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ian R Powley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Thomas M Drake
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK; Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christos Kiourtis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Andrew Keith
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - John Le Quesne
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK; Department of Histopathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK
| | - Martin Bushell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Thomas G Bird
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK; MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH164TJ, UK.
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5
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Avellino G, Deshmukh R, Rogers SN, Charnock-Jones DS, Smith GCS, Tardito S, Aye ILMH. Physiologically relevant culture medium Plasmax improves human placental trophoblast stem cell function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C878-C885. [PMID: 36878843 PMCID: PMC10069969 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00581.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Human trophoblast cultures provide powerful tools to model key processes of placental development. In vitro trophoblast studies to date have relied on commercial media which contains non-physiological levels of nutrients, and the impact of these conditions on trophoblast metabolism and function is unknown. Here we show that the physiological medium (Plasmaxä) with nutrient and metabolite concentrations recapitulating human plasma improves human trophoblast stem cell (hTSC) proliferation and differentiation compared to standard medium (DMEM-F12). hTSCs cultured in Plasmax-based medium also show altered glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism, as well as reduced S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosyl-homosysteine ratio compared to DMEM-F12-based medium. These findings demonstrate the importance of the nutritional environment for phenotyping cultured human trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Avellino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruhi Deshmukh
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie N Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon C S Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Irving L M H Aye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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6
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Villar VH, Allega MF, Deshmukh R, Ackermann T, Nakasone MA, Vande Voorde J, Drake TM, Oetjen J, Bloom A, Nixon C, Müller M, May S, Tan EH, Vereecke L, Jans M, Blancke G, Murphy DJ, Huang DT, Lewis DY, Bird TG, Sansom OJ, Blyth K, Sumpton D, Tardito S. Hepatic glutamine synthetase controls N 5-methylglutamine in homeostasis and cancer. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:292-300. [PMID: 36280791 PMCID: PMC9974483 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) activity is conserved from prokaryotes to humans, where the ATP-dependent production of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia is essential for neurotransmission and ammonia detoxification. Here, we show that mammalian GS uses glutamate and methylamine to produce a methylated glutamine analog, N5-methylglutamine. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that liver-specific GS deletion and its pharmacological inhibition in mice suppress hepatic and circulating levels of N5-methylglutamine. This alternative activity of GS was confirmed in human recombinant enzyme and cells, where a pathogenic mutation in the active site (R324C) promoted the synthesis of N5-methylglutamine over glutamine. N5-methylglutamine is detected in the circulation, and its levels are sustained by the microbiome, as demonstrated by using germ-free mice. Finally, we show that urine levels of N5-methylglutamine correlate with tumor burden and GS expression in a β-catenin-driven model of liver cancer, highlighting the translational potential of this uncharacterized metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Villar
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria Francesca Allega
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruhi Deshmukh
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tobias Ackermann
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark A Nakasone
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Thomas M Drake
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Algernon Bloom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miryam Müller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephanie May
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ee Hong Tan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lars Vereecke
- Host-Microbiota Interaction Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maude Jans
- Host-Microbiota Interaction Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gillian Blancke
- Host-Microbiota Interaction Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Danny T Huang
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Y Lewis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas G Bird
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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7
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Kay EJ, Paterson K, Riera-Domingo C, Sumpton D, Däbritz JHM, Tardito S, Boldrini C, Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Athineos D, Dhayade S, Stepanova E, Gjerga E, Neilson LJ, Lilla S, Hedley A, Koulouras G, McGregor G, Jamieson C, Johnson RM, Park M, Kirschner K, Miller C, Kamphorst JJ, Loayza-Puch F, Saez-Rodriguez J, Mazzone M, Blyth K, Zagnoni M, Zanivan S. Author Correction: Cancer-associated fibroblasts require proline synthesis by PYCR1 for the deposition of pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1084. [PMID: 35927357 PMCID: PMC9398906 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Kay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karla Paterson
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carla Riera-Domingo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ekaterina Stepanova
- Translational Control and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enio Gjerga
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Grace McGregor
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig Jamieson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Radia Marie Johnson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Crispin Miller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fabricio Loayza-Puch
- Translational Control and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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8
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Taurino G, Deshmukh R, Villar VH, Chiu M, Shaw R, Hedley A, Shokry E, Sumpton D, Dander E, D'Amico G, Bussolati O, Tardito S. Mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in physiological conditions sustain citrate secretion with glutamate anaplerosis. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101532. [PMID: 35752287 PMCID: PMC9254159 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory and regenerative potential. However, culture conditions govern their metabolic processes and therapeutic efficacy. Here we show that culturing donor-derived MSCs in Plasmax™, a physiological medium with the concentrations of nutrients found in human plasma, supports their proliferation and stemness, and prevents the nutritional stress induced by the conventional medium DMEM. The quantification of the exchange rates of metabolites between cells and medium, untargeted metabolomics, stable isotope tracing and transcriptomic analysis, performed at physiologically relevant oxygen concentrations (1%O2), reveal that MSCs rely on high rate of glucose to lactate conversion, coupled with parallel anaplerotic fluxes from glutamine and glutamate to support citrate synthesis and secretion. These distinctive traits of MSCs shape the metabolic microenvironment of bone marrow niche and can influence nutrient cross-talks under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Taurino
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy; MRH - Microbiome Research Hub, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ruhi Deshmukh
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Victor H Villar
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Martina Chiu
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Engy Shokry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Erica Dander
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatric Dept., University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatric Dept., University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy; MRH - Microbiome Research Hub, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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9
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Cutolo M, Tardito S, Gotelli E, Montagna P, Campitiello R, Paolino S, Pizzorni C, Sulli A, Smith V, Soldano S. AB0092 CTLA4-Ig PROMOTES THE M1-M2 SHIFT IN CULTURED MACROPHAGES OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE DISEASE: IN VITRO STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundIn rheumatoid arthritis (RA), macrophages play an important role in modulating the immunoinflammatory response through their polarization into “classically” (M1) or “alternatively activated” (M2) phenotypes and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (1). In the active inflammatory phase of RA, circulating intermediate monocytes and synovial tissue macrophages show a M1 phenotype, whereas MerTK+M2 macrophages seem to characterize the synovial tissue of RA patients under remission (2-4). In RA, CTLA4-Ig fusion protein (abatacept) reduces the pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages by interacting with the costimulatory molecule CD86 on surface cell membrane of activated cells, including macrophages (2).ObjectivesThe in vitro study investigated the efficacy of CTLA4-Ig treatment to induce the shift from the M1 phenotype into an M2 phenotype in cultured monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) obtained from active RA patients.MethodsCultured MDMs obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 5 active RA patients (mean age 54±13 years) and 5 age-matched healthy subjects (HSs) after overnight stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (5ng/ml), were treated with CTLA4-Ig at the concentrations of 100mg/mL or 500mg/mL for 3, 12, 24 and 48 hours. A part of cultured RA-MDMs as wells as cultured HS-MDMs were maintained in growth medium (RPMI at 10% of fetal bovine serum) without any treatment and used as unstimulated cells. Gene expression of CD80, CD86 and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), as M1 markers, as well as macrophage scavenger receptors (CD163, CD204), mannose receptor-1 (CD206), as surface M2 markers, and MerTK (functional M2 marker) were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein synthesis of surface M2 markers was investigated by Western blotting. The statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon t-test.ResultsCultured RA-MDMs showed a high basal gene expression of TLR4, CD80 and CD86 compared to HS-MDMs, confirming to be activated M1 macrophages. In these macrophages, CTLA4-Ig treatment downregulated the gene expression of M1 markers at both concentrations and all timings, but significantly limited to TLR4 and CD80 markers (500mg/mL,12 hours: p<0.05). Conversely, both concentrations of CTLA4-Ig significantly upregulated the gene expression of CD163, MerTK and CD206 (p<0.05), whereas only the high concentration of CTLA4-Ig significantly upregulated CD204 gene expression (p<0.05). The protein synthesis of all M2 surface markers was increased after 24 hours of treatment primarily by the high concentration of CTLA4-Ig, and significantly for CD204 and CD206 (p<0.05).ConclusionCTLA4-Ig treatment seems to exert an important anti-inflammatory effect by promoting the shift from a M1 to an M2 phenotype in cultured RA macrophages The results suggest a further mechanism for CTLA4-Ig in the modulation of the RA synovitis (5).References[1]Yang X et al. Cell Prolif. 2020;53:e12854.doi:10.111/cpr.12854.[2]Kumar RA et al. Int. Immunol.2018;65:348-59.[3]Boutet MA et al. Autoimmun Rev.2021;20:102758. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102758.[4]Alivernini S et al. Nat Med. 2020;26:1295-306. 5. Cutolo M et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11:R176; doi: 10.1186/ar2865.Disclosure of InterestsMaurizio Cutolo Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Samuele Tardito: None declared, Emanuele Gotelli: None declared, Paola Montagna: None declared, Rosanna Campitiello: None declared, Sabrina Paolino: None declared, Carmen Pizzorni: None declared, Alberto Sulli Grant/research support from: Laboratories Baldacci, Vanessa Smith Grant/research support from: Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen-Cilag, Stefano Soldano: None declared
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10
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Kay EJ, Paterson K, Riera-Domingo C, Sumpton D, Däbritz JHM, Tardito S, Boldrini C, Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Athineos D, Dhayade S, Stepanova E, Gjerga E, Neilson LJ, Lilla S, Hedley A, Koulouras G, McGregor G, Jamieson C, Johnson RM, Park M, Kirschner K, Miller C, Kamphorst JJ, Loayza-Puch F, Saez-Rodriguez J, Mazzone M, Blyth K, Zagnoni M, Zanivan S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts require proline synthesis by PYCR1 for the deposition of pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix. Nat Metab 2022; 4:693-710. [PMID: 35760868 PMCID: PMC9236907 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated production of collagen-rich extracellular matrix is a hallmark of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and a central driver of cancer aggressiveness. Here we find that proline, a highly abundant amino acid in collagen proteins, is newly synthesized from glutamine in CAFs to make tumour collagen in breast cancer xenografts. PYCR1 is a key enzyme for proline synthesis and highly expressed in the stroma of breast cancer patients and in CAFs. Reducing PYCR1 levels in CAFs is sufficient to reduce tumour collagen production, tumour growth and metastatic spread in vivo and cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Both collagen and glutamine-derived proline synthesis in CAFs are epigenetically upregulated by increased pyruvate dehydrogenase-derived acetyl-CoA levels. PYCR1 is a cancer cell vulnerability and potential target for therapy; therefore, our work provides evidence that targeting PYCR1 may have the additional benefit of halting the production of a pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix. Our work unveils new roles for CAF metabolism to support pro-tumorigenic collagen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Kay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karla Paterson
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carla Riera-Domingo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ekaterina Stepanova
- Translational Control and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enio Gjerga
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Grace McGregor
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig Jamieson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Radia Marie Johnson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Crispin Miller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fabricio Loayza-Puch
- Translational Control and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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11
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Oberkersch RE, Pontarin G, Astone M, Spizzotin M, Arslanbaeva L, Tosi G, Panieri E, Ricciardi S, Allega MF, Brossa A, Grumati P, Bussolati B, Biffo S, Tardito S, Santoro MM. Aspartate metabolism in endothelial cells activates the mTORC1 pathway to initiate translation during angiogenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1241-1256.e8. [PMID: 35580611 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the active formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is a complex and demanding biological process that plays an important role in physiological as well as pathological settings. Recent evidence supports cell metabolism as a critical regulator of angiogenesis. However, whether and how cell metabolism regulates endothelial growth factor receptor levels and nucleotide synthesis remains elusive. We here shown in both human cell lines and mouse models that during developmental and pathological angiogenesis, endothelial cells (ECs) use glutaminolysis-derived glutamate to produce aspartate (Asp) via aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT). Asp leads to mTORC1 activation which, in turn, regulates endothelial translation machinery for VEGFR2 and FGFR1 synthesis. Asp-dependent mTORC1 pathway activation also regulates de novo pyrimidine synthesis in angiogenic ECs. These findings identify glutaminolysis-derived Asp as a regulator of mTORC1-dependent endothelial translation and pyrimidine synthesis. Our studies may help overcome anti-VEGF therapy resistance by targeting endothelial growth factor receptor translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana E Oberkersch
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pontarin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Astone
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marianna Spizzotin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Liaisan Arslanbaeva
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Emiliano Panieri
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Ricciardi
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) and Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Allega
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G611BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G611QH, UK
| | - Alessia Brossa
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Grumati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Biffo
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) and Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G611BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G611QH, UK
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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12
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Chiu M, Taurino G, Dander E, Bardelli D, Fallati A, Andreoli R, Bianchi MG, Carubbi C, Pozzi G, Galuppo L, Mirandola P, Rizzari C, Tardito S, Biondi A, D’Amico G, Bussolati O. ALL blasts drive primary mesenchymal stromal cells to increase asparagine availability during asparaginase treatment. Blood Adv 2021; 5:5164-5178. [PMID: 34614505 PMCID: PMC9153005 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020004041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the resistance of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts to l-asparaginase are still incompletely known. Here we demonstrate that human primary bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) successfully adapt to l-asparaginase and markedly protect leukemic blasts from the enzyme-dependent cytotoxicity through an amino acid trade-off. ALL blasts synthesize and secrete glutamine, thus increasing extracellular glutamine availability for stromal cells. In turn, MSCs use glutamine, either synthesized through glutamine synthetase (GS) or imported, to produce asparagine, which is then extruded to sustain asparagine-auxotroph leukemic cells. GS inhibition prevents mesenchymal cells adaptation to l-asparaginase, lowers glutamine secretion by ALL blasts, and markedly hinders the protection exerted by MSCs on leukemic cells. The pro-survival amino acid exchange is hindered by the inhibition or silencing of the asparagine efflux transporter SNAT5, which is induced in mesenchymal cells by ALL blasts. Consistently, primary MSCs from ALL patients express higher levels of SNAT5 (P < .05), secrete more asparagine (P < .05), and protect leukemic blasts (P < .05) better than MSCs isolated from healthy donors. In conclusion, ALL blasts arrange a pro-leukemic amino acid trade-off with bone marrow mesenchymal cells, which depends on GS and SNAT5 and promotes leukemic cell survival during l-asparaginase treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Chiu
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Taurino
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Erica Dander
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Donatella Bardelli
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fallati
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Andreoli
- Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano G. Bianchi
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cecilia Carubbi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Pozzi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Galuppo
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rizzari
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanna D’Amico
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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13
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Matias MI, Yong CS, Foroushani A, Goldsmith C, Mongellaz C, Sezgin E, Levental KR, Talebi A, Perrault J, Rivière A, Dehairs J, Delos O, Bertand-Michel J, Portais JC, Wong M, Marie JC, Kelekar A, Kinet S, Zimmermann VS, Levental I, Yvan-Charvet L, Swinnen JV, Muljo SA, Hernandez-Vargas H, Tardito S, Taylor N, Dardalhon V. Regulatory T cell differentiation is controlled by αKG-induced alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and lipid homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109911. [PMID: 34731632 PMCID: PMC10167917 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressive regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation is controlled by diverse immunometabolic signaling pathways and intracellular metabolites. Here we show that cell-permeable α-ketoglutarate (αKG) alters the DNA methylation profile of naive CD4 T cells activated under Treg polarizing conditions, markedly attenuating FoxP3+ Treg differentiation and increasing inflammatory cytokines. Adoptive transfer of these T cells into tumor-bearing mice results in enhanced tumor infiltration, decreased FoxP3 expression, and delayed tumor growth. Mechanistically, αKG leads to an energetic state that is reprogrammed toward a mitochondrial metabolism, with increased oxidative phosphorylation and expression of mitochondrial complex enzymes. Furthermore, carbons from ectopic αKG are directly utilized in the generation of fatty acids, associated with lipidome remodeling and increased triacylglyceride stores. Notably, inhibition of either mitochondrial complex II or DGAT2-mediated triacylglyceride synthesis restores Treg differentiation and decreases the αKG-induced inflammatory phenotype. Thus, we identify a crosstalk between αKG, mitochondrial metabolism and triacylglyceride synthesis that controls Treg fate.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Fibrosarcoma/genetics
- Fibrosarcoma/immunology
- Fibrosarcoma/metabolism
- Fibrosarcoma/therapy
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Ketoglutaric Acids/pharmacology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Matias
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Carmen S Yong
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amir Foroushani
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chloe Goldsmith
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, University Lyon 1, Inserm/ CNRS, Labex DEVweCAN, Lyon France
| | - Cédric Mongellaz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ali Talebi
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Perrault
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Anais Rivière
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Océane Delos
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France; I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertand-Michel
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France; I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Madeline Wong
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julien C Marie
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, University Lyon 1, Inserm/ CNRS, Labex DEVweCAN, Lyon France
| | - Ameeta Kelekar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie S Zimmermann
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan A Muljo
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, University Lyon 1, Inserm/ CNRS, Labex DEVweCAN, Lyon France
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, CCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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14
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Abstract
The frequent occurrence of neomorphic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations in low-grade glioma led to an IDH-centric classification of these tumors. However, exploiting metabolic alterations of glioma for diagnostic imaging and treatment has marginally improved patients' prognosis. Here we discuss the nutritional microenvironment of glioma, shaped by the distinctive dependence of the brain on glucose and ketone bodies for energy, and on amino acids for neurotransmission. We highlight the progress in metabolic applications for glioma diagnosis and therapy, and present a map that streamlines the rewired glioma metabolism. The map illustrates the altered reactions in central carbon and nitrogen metabolism that drive glioma biology, and represent metabolic vulnerabilities with translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi Deshmukh
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Maria Francesca Allega
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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Soldano S, Montagna P, Gotelli E, Tardito S, Paolino S, Corallo C, Pizzorni C, Sulli A, Schenone C, Pacini G, Smith V, Cutolo M. POS0330 NINTEDANIB (TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR) DOWNREGULATES THE TRANSITION OF CULTURED SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS FIBROCYTES INTO MYOFIBROBLASTS AND THEIR PRO-FIBROTIC ACTIVITY. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition is one of the fundamental steps involved in the fibrotic process that characterise systemic sclerosis (SSc) [1]. Myofibroblasts are α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) positive cells that contribute to fibrosis through the excessive synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, primarily fibronectin (FN) and type I collagen (COL1) [2].Among the cells involved in the fibrotic process of SSc, circulating fibrocytes seem to have an emerging role as an important source of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts [3].Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis that interferes with the signalling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis (4). Nintedanib was recently demonstrated to have a beneficial effect in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with SSc (5).Objectives:To investigate nintedanib effect in inhibiting the in vitro transition of circulating SSc fibrocytes into myofibroblasts and their pro-fibrotic activity.Methods:Circulating fibrocytes were obtained from 14 SSc patients (mean age 64±14 years), who fulfilled the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria for SSc and that underwent complete disease staging in a day-hospital setting at the Rheumatology Division of Genoa University. Five age-matched healthy subjects (HSs) were also analysed. All SSc patients and HSs signed the informed consent and the local EC approved the study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and plated on FN-coated dishes. After overnight culture, non-adherent cells were removed, and adherent cells were maintained in growth medium for 8 days (T8) to obtain fibrocytes [6]. T8-cultured SSc fibrocytes were maintained in growth medium (untreated cells) or treated with nintedanib 0.1μM and 1μM for 3 and 24 hours. Fibroblast specific protein-1 (S100A4) and αSMA, as markers of fibroblast/myofibroblast phenotype, together with COL1 and FN, were investigated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used for the statistical analysis.Results:Significantly elevated gene and protein expressions of αSMA, S100A4, COL1 and FN were observed in SSc fibrocytes compared to HS fibrocytes (gene: αSMA p<0.001; others p<0.0001; protein: all p<0.05). In accordance with the antibody positivity for Scl70 and the presence or absence of ILD at CT scan, SSc patients were grouped as either Scl70 positive patients with ILD (Scl70+ILD+) or Scl70 negative patients without ILD (Scl70-ILD-). Significant αSMA, S100A4, COL1 and FN gene expressions were found in fibrocytes from Scl70+ILD+ compared to HS fibrocytes (αSMA p<0.001; others p<0.0001). Moreover, fibrocytes from Scl70+ILD+patients showed a more significant gene expression of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts markers compared to Scl70-ILD-patients (p<0.01 for S100A4), whereas no differences were observed for ECM gene expression.Nintedanib reduced the gene and protein expression of αSMA, COL1 and FN in SSc fibrocytes compared to untreated ones with different statistical significance.Noteworthy, nintedanib significantly downregulated αSMA, S100A4, COL1 and FN gene expression (all p<0.05) in Scl70+ILD+fibrocytes, whereas only that of S100A4 and FN was significantly downregulated (p<0.05) in Scl70-ILD- fibrocytes compared to untreated cells.Conclusion:Nintedanib seems to downregulate in vitro the transition of fibrocytes into myofibroblasts and their pro-fibrotic activity, particularly in cells isolated from Scl70+ILD+SSc patients.References:[1]Cutolo M et al. Exp Rev Clin Immunol. 2019;15:753-64.[2]Van Caam A et al. Front. Immunol. 2018;9:2452.doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02452.[3]Distler JH et al. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69:257-67.[4]Distler O et al. New Eng J Med. 2019; 380:2518-28.[5]Maher TB et al. Arthritis Rheumatol.2020.doi:10.1002/art.41576.[6]Cutolo M et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018;20:157.doi:10.1186/s13075-018-1652-6.Acknowledgements:We thank Stefano-Lutz Willing for the scientific support through the study.Disclosure of Interests:Stefano Soldano: None declared, Paola Montagna: None declared, Emanuele Gotelli: None declared, Samuele Tardito: None declared, Sabrina Paolino: None declared, Claudio Corallo: None declared, Carmen Pizzorni: None declared, Alberto Sulli: None declared, Carlotta Schenone: None declared, Greta Pacini: None declared, Vanessa Smith: None declared, Maurizio Cutolo Grant/research support from: I received grant/research support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer, Celgene
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Tardito S, Soldano S, Gotelli E, Montagna P, Paolino S, Smith V, Cutolo M. AB0057 IN VITRO EFFECT OF CTLA4-IGG ON M1-M2 SHIFT OF MACROPHAGES FROM RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Among the cells involved in the inflammatory process of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [1], macrophages play a key role through their capacity to polarize into “classically” or “alternatively” activated phenotypes (M1 or M2) and making macrophages important players for the inflammatory cascade or for the anti-inflammatory reaction, respectively [2]. CTLA4-Ig fusion protein (abatacept) has been shown to contribute to macrophage shift from M1 to M2 [3].Objectives:We aimed to investigate the effects of abatacept to induce the polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in cultured human macrophages obtained from RA patients’ and healthy subjects’(HS) circulating monocytes.Methods:Cultured monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of three early RA patients and ten HS, after signing informed consent and Ethics Committee approval. Cells were treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) [5ng/ml] for 24 hours (hrs) to induce their differentiation into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Therefore, cultured HS MDMs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides [LPS, 1mg/mL] for 4hrs [4] in order to induce their polarization into a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and then treated or not with abatacept at the concentrations of 100mg/mL and 500mg/mL for 3, 12, 24 and 48hrs. Cultured RA MDMs, were directly treated with abatacept as previous described. Cultured HS and RA MDMs without any pro-inflammatory stimuli and abatacept treatment were used as respective control.The transition of MDMs from M1 to M2 phenotype was evaluated through gene expression and protein synthesis of M2 macrophage markers, namely scavenger receptors (CD163 and CD204), and mannose receptor-1 (CD206) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by Western blotting. The statistical analysis evaluation was carried out by GraphPad Prism 8 analysis software using the Wilcoxon non-parametric t-test. Any p-value lower than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results were indicated as median±standard deviation (SD).Results:In cultured RA MDMs (three cases), abatacept upregulated the gene expression of all investigated M2 markers, specifically after 12hrs of treatment with the concentration of 100mg/mL. In these cells, abatacept upregulated only the CD204 protein synthesis with more evidence at 24hrs of treatment and with the 500mg/mL concentration. In cultured HS MDMs (ten cases), abatacept upregulated the gene expression of M2 markers, significantly for that of CD206 [at 3hrs with 100mg/mL concentration, p= 0.0312] and CD163 [at 12hrs with 500mg/mL concentration, p= 0.0312]. Moreover, in these cells, abatacept significantly upregulated the protein synthesis of CD206 [at 48hrs with 500mg/mL concentration, p= 0.0195] and CD204 [at 24hrs with 100mg/mL concentration, p= 0.0156; both at 24 and 48hrs with 500mg/mL concentration, p= 0.0234].Conclusion:Preliminary data seem to indicate that abatacept can promote the in vitro shift from the M1 into the M2 macrophage phenotype, by upregulating specific markers (CD163, CD204, CD206) in cultured M1-MDMs from RA patients and in M1 macrophages induced from HS.References:[1]McInnes IB, et al. N Engl J Med 2011;365:2205–19.[2]Fujii M, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013;438(1):103-9.[3]Cutolo M, et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11:R176.[4]Pelegrin P., Surprenant, A. EMBO J. 2009 Jul 22; 28(14): 2114–2127.Disclosure of Interests:Samuele Tardito: None declared, Stefano Soldano: None declared, Emanuele Gotelli: None declared, Paola Montagna: None declared, Sabrina Paolino: None declared, Vanessa Smith: None declared, Maurizio Cutolo Grant/research support from: I received grant/research support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer, Celgene.
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Conteduca G, Rossi A, Megiorni F, Parodi A, Ferrera F, Tardito S, Altosole T, Fausti V, Occella C, Kalli F, Negrini S, Pizzuti A, Marchese C, Rizza E, Indiveri F, Coviello D, Fenoglio D, Filaci G. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 3'-untranslated region inducible costimulator gene and the important roles of miRNA in alopecia areata. Skin Health Dis 2021; 1:e34. [PMID: 35664973 PMCID: PMC9060044 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Alopecia areata (AA) spares the stem cell compartment and attacks only the base of the hair follicle, which is surrounded by infiltrating lymphocytes. AA is associated with polymorphisms in immune-related genes and with decreased function of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells. Treg function is modulated by the costimulatory molecules, like inducible costimulator (ICOS) that are crucial in orienting T cell differentiation and function so that they strongly impact on the immunologic decision between tolerance or autoimmunity development. Objective The aim of our study was to investigate the possible association of AA with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in the ICOS 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) region and to elucidate how SNPs modulate ICOS gene expression by affecting miRNA binding sites. Methods This is a case-control study performed in 184 patients with AA and 200 controls. ICOS gene and miRNA expression were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The genotype carrying the rs4404254(C) [p = 0.012, OR (95% CI): 0.5 (0.3-0.8)] and rs4675379(C) [p = 0.015, OR (95% CI): 0.3 (0.1-0.8)] 3' UTR alleles was more frequently observed in AA patients than in controls and correlated with a reduced ICOS expression. miR-1276 significantly suppressed ICOS expression by binding to the 3'UTR of ICOS mRNA. Also, we observed that, miR-101 and miR-27b are upregulated, while miR-103 and miR-2355-3p are downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AA patients compared to controls. Conclusion Our data show that rs4404254 and rs4675379 SNPs of ICOS gene are associated with AA and also reveal that the presence of rs4404254 polymorphism correlates with ICOS post-transcriptional repression by microRNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Conteduca
- Laboratory of Human Genetics IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Clinical Internal Sciences "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - F Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - A Parodi
- Biotherapies Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa Italy
| | - F Ferrera
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - S Tardito
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - T Altosole
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - V Fausti
- Dermatology Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy
| | - C Occella
- Dermatology Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy
| | - F Kalli
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - S Negrini
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - A Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - C Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - E Rizza
- Associazione Nazionale Alopecia Areata Genoa Italy
| | - F Indiveri
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - D Coviello
- Laboratory of Human Genetics IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy
| | - D Fenoglio
- Biotherapies Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - G Filaci
- Biotherapies Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
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Cano-Galiano A, Oudin A, Fack F, Allega MF, Sumpton D, Martinez-Garcia E, Dittmar G, Hau AC, Herold-Mende C, Bjerkvig R, Meiser J, Tardito S, Niclou SP. FSMP-07. CYSTATHIONINE-Γ-LYASE DRIVES ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN CYSTEINE-RESTRICTED IDH1 MUTANT ASTROCYTOMAS. Neurooncol Adv 2021. [PMCID: PMC7992224 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab024.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1/2) define glioma subtypes and are considered primary events in gliomagenesis, impacting tumor epigenetics and metabolism. IDH enzymes are crucial for the generation of reducing potential, yet the impact of the mutation on the cellular antioxidant system is not understood. Here, we investigate how glutathione (GSH) levels are maintained in IDH1 mutant gliomas, despite an altered NADPH/NADP balance. We find that IDH1 mutant astrocytomas specifically upregulate cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), the enzyme responsible for cysteine production upstream of GSH biosynthesis. Genetic and chemical interference with CSE in patient-derived glioma cells carrying the endogenous IDH1 mutation, sensitized tumor cells to cysteine depletion, an effect not observed in IDH1 wild-type gliomas. This correlated with reduced GSH synthesis as shown by in vitro and in vivo serine tracing and led to delayed tumor growth in mice. Thus we show that IDH1 mutant astrocytic gliomas critically rely on NADPH-independent de novo GSH synthesis to maintain the antioxidant defense, which uncovers a novel metabolic vulnerability in this dismal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anais Oudin
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Fred Fack
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ann-Christin Hau
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simone P Niclou
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Gonzalez-Menendez P, Romano M, Yan H, Deshmukh R, Papoin J, Oburoglu L, Daumur M, Dumé AS, Phadke I, Mongellaz C, Qu X, Bories PN, Fontenay M, An X, Dardalhon V, Sitbon M, Zimmermann VS, Gallagher PG, Tardito S, Blanc L, Mohandas N, Taylor N, Kinet S. An IDH1-vitamin C crosstalk drives human erythroid development by inhibiting pro-oxidant mitochondrial metabolism. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108723. [PMID: 33535038 PMCID: PMC9169698 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic changes controlling the stepwise differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to mature erythrocytes are poorly understood. Here, we show that HSPC development to an erythroid-committed proerythroblast results in augmented glutaminolysis, generating alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) and driving mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). However, sequential late-stage erythropoiesis is dependent on decreasing αKG-driven OXPHOS, and we find that isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) plays a central role in this process. IDH1 downregulation augments mitochondrial oxidation of αKG and inhibits reticulocyte generation. Furthermore, IDH1 knockdown results in the generation of multinucleated erythroblasts, a morphological abnormality characteristic of myelodysplastic syndrome and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. We identify vitamin C homeostasis as a critical regulator of ineffective erythropoiesis; oxidized ascorbate increases mitochondrial superoxide and significantly exacerbates the abnormal erythroblast phenotype of IDH1-downregulated progenitors, whereas vitamin C, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism, rescues erythropoiesis. Thus, an IDH1-vitamin C crosstalk controls terminal steps of human erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Manuela Romano
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruhi Deshmukh
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Julien Papoin
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Leal Oburoglu
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marie Daumur
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Dumé
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ira Phadke
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France; Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, CCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cédric Mongellaz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Xiaoli Qu
- New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phuong-Nhi Bories
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France; Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Xiuli An
- New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Valérie S Zimmermann
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Patrick G Gallagher
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Lionel Blanc
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France; Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, CCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France.
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Najumudeen AK, Ceteci F, Fey SK, Hamm G, Steven RT, Hall H, Nikula CJ, Dexter A, Murta T, Race AM, Sumpton D, Vlahov N, Gay DM, Knight JRP, Jackstadt R, Leach JDG, Ridgway RA, Johnson ER, Nixon C, Hedley A, Gilroy K, Clark W, Malla SB, Dunne PD, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Critchlow SE, Mrowinska A, Malviya G, Solovyev D, Brown G, Lewis DY, Mackay GM, Strathdee D, Tardito S, Gottlieb E, Takats Z, Barry ST, Goodwin RJA, Bunch J, Bushell M, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ. The amino acid transporter SLC7A5 is required for efficient growth of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2021; 53:16-26. [PMID: 33414552 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutations and inactivation of the APC tumor suppressor co-occur in colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite efforts to target mutant KRAS directly, most therapeutic approaches focus on downstream pathways, albeit with limited efficacy. Moreover, mutant KRAS alters the basal metabolism of cancer cells, increasing glutamine utilization to support proliferation. We show that concomitant mutation of Apc and Kras in the mouse intestinal epithelium profoundly rewires metabolism, increasing glutamine consumption. Furthermore, SLC7A5, a glutamine antiporter, is critical for colorectal tumorigenesis in models of both early- and late-stage metastatic disease. Mechanistically, SLC7A5 maintains intracellular amino acid levels following KRAS activation through transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. This supports the increased demand for bulk protein synthesis that underpins the enhanced proliferation of KRAS-mutant cells. Moreover, targeting protein synthesis, via inhibition of the mTORC1 regulator, together with Slc7a5 deletion abrogates the growth of established Kras-mutant tumors. Together, these data suggest SLC7A5 as an attractive target for therapy-resistant KRAS-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatih Ceteci
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Georg Speyer Haus Institute for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sigrid K Fey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rory T Steven
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Holly Hall
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Alex Dexter
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Teresa Murta
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Alan M Race
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - David M Gay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Københavns Universitet, BRIC, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH (HI-STEM), Division of Cancer Progression and Metastasis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Sudhir B Malla
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gavin Brown
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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21
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Cano-Galiano A, Oudin A, Fack F, Allega MF, Sumpton D, Martinez-Garcia E, Dittmar G, Hau AC, De Falco A, Herold-Mende C, Bjerkvig R, Meiser J, Tardito S, Niclou SP. Cystathionine-γ-lyase drives antioxidant defense in cysteine-restricted IDH1-mutant astrocytomas. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab057. [PMID: 34250481 PMCID: PMC8262642 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1/2) define glioma subtypes and are considered primary events in gliomagenesis, impacting tumor epigenetics and metabolism. IDH enzyme activity is crucial for the generation of reducing potential in normal cells, yet the impact of the mutation on the cellular antioxidant system in glioma is not understood. The aim of this study was to determine how glutathione (GSH), the main antioxidant in the brain, is maintained in IDH1-mutant gliomas, despite an altered NADPH/NADP balance. METHODS Proteomics, metabolomics, metabolic tracer studies, genetic silencing, and drug targeting approaches in vitro and in vivo were applied. Analyses were done in clinical specimen of different glioma subtypes, in glioma patient-derived cell lines carrying the endogenous IDH1 mutation and corresponding orthotopic xenografts in mice. RESULTS We find that cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), the enzyme responsible for cysteine production upstream of GSH biosynthesis, is specifically upregulated in IDH1-mutant astrocytomas. CSE inhibition sensitized these cells to cysteine depletion, an effect not observed in IDH1 wild-type gliomas. This correlated with an increase in reactive oxygen species and reduced GSH synthesis. Propargylglycine (PAG), a brain-penetrant drug specifically targeting CSE, led to delayed tumor growth in mice. CONCLUSIONS We show that IDH1-mutant astrocytic gliomas critically rely on NADPH-independent de novo GSH synthesis via CSE to maintain the antioxidant defense, which highlights a novel metabolic vulnerability that may be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Cano-Galiano
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anais Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Fred Fack
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Maria-Francesca Allega
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ann-Christin Hau
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alfonso De Falco
- National Center of Genetics, Laboratoire national de santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | | | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Soldano S, Tardito S, Paolino S, Patanè M, Gotelli E, Corallo C, Pizzorni C, Pacini G, Goegan F, Sulli A, Schenone C, Smith V, Cutolo M. SAT0300 SERUM FROM “EARLY” SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS PATIENTS ALREADY INDUCES THE ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPE (M2) IN CULTURED HUMAN MONOCYTES. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Alternatively activated (M2) macrophages seem to play a role in the fibrotic process of systemic sclerosis (SSc) as potential inducers of tissue fibrosis through their secretion of specific cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), macrophage derived chemokine (CCL-22) and pro-fibrotic metalloproteases (i.e. MMP9) (1-3).Objectives:To investigate the presence of circulating cells belonging to the monocyte lineage showing an M2 phenotype in SSc patients (pts) and possible correlation with the clinical parameters of the disease. Moreover, to investigate if the treatment of cultured monocytes isolated from healthy subjects with serum derived from early SSc pts may induce theirin vitropolarization into M2 macrophages.Methods:Fifty female SSc pts (mean age 64±13 yrs), fulfilling the EULAR/ACR criteria, and 27 gender-matched healthy subjects (HSs, mean age 57±7 yrs) were considered at the Rheumatology Division of Genoa University after written informed consent. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC), serum SSc-related antibodies and skin involvement were investigated. Circulating cells belonging to the monocyte populations (CD45+and CD14+cells) were characterised by flow cytometry using specific surface markers of M2 phenotypes (CD204, CD206, CD163). Each SSc pt had been under stable treatment regimen for at least six months. Cultured monocytes, isolated by negative selection from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 8 HSs, stimulated for 48 hrs with 10% of serum of lcSSc pts with “Early” NVC pattern, as well as serum of dcSSc pts with “Active” and “Late” NVC patterns. Cultured monocyte human cell line (THP1) was differentiated into macrophages (5ng/ml of phorbol myristate acetate) and then stimulated with SSc sera. The expression of CD204, CD206 (M2 markers) and CD68 was investigated by immunocytochemistry, whereas MMP9 secretion was investigated by zymography. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and correlations were explored by bivariate Pearson’s analysis.Results:In SSc pts the percentage of circulating M2 cells (CD14+CD204+CD163+CD206+cells) was significantly increased compared to both HSs and SSc pts not under immunosuppressive treatment (p<0.05) However, no correlation with skin involvement and SSc-related antibodies was observed. Cultured macrophages stimulated with SSc serum expressed CD204 and CD206 markers compared to the macrophages stimulated with HS serum (CD204 and CD206 double negative cells). Of note, the ability to express M2 markers was already evident in cultured macrophages stimulated with “Early” NVC SSc serum and their expression even increased in macrophages stimulated with “Active” and “Late” NVC sera together with the secretion of MMP9. Same results were observed also in cultured THP1-derived macrophages.Conclusion:The study confirmed that SSc pts are characterized by a significant increase of circulating M2 cells, suggesting their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease. Interestingly, results insinuate that sera from SSc patients already in an “Early” NVC condition (sera known to contains specific profibrotic molecules such as cytokines, growth factors like TGFb1 or endothelin-1) seem able to inducein vitroa profibrotic M2 macrophage phenotype.References:[1]Cutolo M et al. ExpRevClin Immunol. 2019;15:753-64.[2]Stifano G et al. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2016; 18:2. doi: 10.1007/s11926-015-0554-8.[3]Medeiros NI et al. Parasite Immunol. 2017;39: doi: 10.1111/pim.12446.Disclosure of Interests:Stefano Soldano: None declared, Samuele Tardito: None declared, Sabrina Paolino: None declared, Massimo Patanè: None declared, Emanuele Gotelli: None declared, Claudio Corallo: None declared, Carmen Pizzorni: None declared, Greta Pacini: None declared, Federica Goegan: None declared, Alberto Sulli Grant/research support from: Laboratori Baldacci, Carlotta Schenone: None declared, Vanessa Smith Grant/research support from: The affiliated company received grants from Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Belgian Fund for Scientific Research in Rheumatic diseases (FWRO), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co and Janssen-Cilag NV, Consultant of: Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, Speakers bureau: Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co and UCB Biopharma Sprl, Maurizio Cutolo Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Actelion, Celgene, Consultant of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Speakers bureau: Sigma-Alpha
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Soldano S, Martinelli G, Tardito S, Paolino S, Patanè M, Gotelli E, Corallo C, Pizzorni C, Sulli A, Schenone C, Smith V, Cutolo M. AB0168 NINTEDANIB (TYROSINE-KINASE INHIBITOR) INHIBITS THE TRANSITION OF CIRCULATING FIBROCYTES ISOLATED FROM SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS PATIENTS INTO MYOFIBROBLASTS: AN IN VITROSTUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic connective disease characterized by microvascular alterations, dysregulated immune response and fibrosis [1,2]. Myofibroblasts are alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA)+cells and play a crucial role in fibrosis, through the excessive synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, in particular fibronectin (FN) and type I collagen (COL1) [3]. Despite myofibroblasts primarily derive from resident fibroblasts transition and differentiation, another important source is represented by circulating fibrocytes [4]. Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis that interferes with the signalling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis [5].Objectives:To investigate the possible effects of nintedanib in contrasting the ability of cultured mature fibrocytes from SSc patients to differentiate into profibrotic myofibroblasts.Methods:Circulating fibrocytes were obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 5 limited cutaneous SSc patients (mean age 68 +/- 10 years) and then plated on FN-coated tissue culture dishes in growth medium (DMEM at 20% of fetal bovine serum, 1% of penicillin-streptomycin and 1% L-glutamine), to allow the adhesion of fibrocyte precursors. Adherent cells were maintained in growth medium for 8 days in order to allow their differentiation into fibrocytes. Differentiated fibrocytes were treated with nintedanib at the concentrations of 100nM and 1000nM for 3 and 24 hours (hrs) or maintained in growth medium without any treatment. The differentiation of fibrocytes into myofibroblasts was determined evaluating the gene expression of alphaSMA, fibroblast specific protein-1 (S100A4) COL1, FN and CXCR4 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the protein synthesis of alphaSMA, COL1 and FN by western blotting.Results:Nintedanib inhibited alphaSMA and S100A4 gene expression already at the concentration of 100nM in cultured fibrocytes and after 3 hrs of treatment, when compared with untreated cells. Furthermore, both concentrations of nintedanib (100nM and 1000nM) reduced the gene expression of COL1 and FN, whereas only 100nM downregulated the CXCR4 gene expression. At protein level, nintedanib 100nM and 1000nM reduced the synthesis of alphaSMA and COL1 after 24 hrs of treatment, whereas FN synthesis was reduced only by the nintedanib concentration of 1000nM.Conclusion:The preliminary results show that nintedanib may inhibit thein vitrotransition of SSc fibrocytes into myofibroblasts and their profibrotic activity, through the reduction of specific myofibroblast phenotype markers and ECM protein production. The results seem to suggest fibrocytes as further possible target of the antifibrotic action of nintedanib in SSc.References:[1]Cutolo M et al. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2019;15:753-64 2. Barsotti S et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016;34(Suppl.100):S3-S13 3. Wynn TA et al. Nat Med. 2012;18:1028-40. 4.Distler JHW et al. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69:257-67 5.Hilberg F et al. Cancer Res. 2008;68:4774-82.Disclosure of Interests:Stefano Soldano: None declared, Giulia Martinelli: None declared, Samuele Tardito: None declared, Sabrina Paolino: None declared, Massimo Patanè: None declared, Emanuele Gotelli: None declared, Claudio Corallo: None declared, Carmen Pizzorni: None declared, Alberto Sulli Grant/research support from: Laboratori Baldacci, Carlotta Schenone: None declared, Vanessa Smith Grant/research support from: The affiliated company received grants from Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Belgian Fund for Scientific Research in Rheumatic diseases (FWRO), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co and Janssen-Cilag NV, Consultant of: Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, Speakers bureau: Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co and UCB Biopharma Sprl, Maurizio Cutolo Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Actelion, Celgene, Consultant of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Speakers bureau: Sigma-Alpha
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Hulme H, Meikle LM, Strittmatter N, van der Hooft JJJ, Swales J, Bragg RA, Villar VH, Ormsby MJ, Barnes S, Brown SL, Dexter A, Kamat MT, Komen JC, Walker D, Milling S, Osterweil EK, MacDonald AS, Schofield CJ, Tardito S, Bunch J, Douce G, Edgar JM, Edrada-Ebel R, Goodwin RJA, Burchmore R, Wall DM. Microbiome-derived carnitine mimics as previously unknown mediators of gut-brain axis communication. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax6328. [PMID: 32195337 PMCID: PMC7065903 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax6328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations to the gut microbiome are associated with various neurological diseases, yet evidence of causality and identity of microbiome-derived compounds that mediate gut-brain axis interaction remain elusive. Here, we identify two previously unknown bacterial metabolites 3-methyl-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate and 4-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate, structural analogs of carnitine that are present in both gut and brain of specific pathogen-free mice but absent in germ-free mice. We demonstrate that these compounds are produced by anaerobic commensal bacteria from the family Lachnospiraceae (Clostridiales) family, colocalize with carnitine in brain white matter, and inhibit carnitine-mediated fatty acid oxidation in a murine cell culture model of central nervous system white matter. This is the first description of direct molecular inter-kingdom exchange between gut prokaryotes and mammalian brain cells, leading to inhibition of brain cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Hulme
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lynsey M. Meikle
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | | | - John Swales
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Ryan A. Bragg
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Victor H. Villar
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Michael J. Ormsby
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Stephanie Barnes
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, and The Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sheila L. Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Alex Dexter
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Maya T. Kamat
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jasper C. Komen
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Daniel Walker
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Simon Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Emily K. Osterweil
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, and The Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Chris J. Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Josephine Bunch
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gillian Douce
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Julia M. Edgar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel
- Natural Products Metabolomics Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Richard J. A. Goodwin
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Richard Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Daniel M. Wall
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Patel R, Brzezinska EA, Repiscak P, Ahmad I, Mui E, Gao M, Blomme A, Harle V, Tan EH, Malviya G, Mrowinska A, Loveridge CJ, Rushworth LK, Edwards J, Ntala C, Nixon C, Hedley A, Mackay G, Tardito S, Sansom OJ, Leung HY. Activation of β-Catenin Cooperates with Loss of Pten to Drive AR-Independent Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:576-590. [PMID: 31719098 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) is the main strategy to treat advanced prostate cancers. AR-independent treatment-resistant prostate cancer is a major unresolved clinical problem. Patients with prostate cancer with alterations in canonical WNT pathway genes, which lead to β-catenin activation, are refractory to AR-targeted therapies. Here, using clinically relevant murine prostate cancer models, we investigated the significance of β-catenin activation in prostate cancer progression and treatment resistance. β-Catenin activation, independent of the cell of origin, cooperated with Pten loss to drive AR-independent castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate tumors with β-catenin activation relied on the noncanonical WNT ligand WNT5a for sustained growth. WNT5a repressed AR expression and maintained the expression of c-Myc, an oncogenic effector of β-catenin activation, by mediating nuclear localization of NFκBp65 and β-catenin. Overall, WNT/β-catenin and AR signaling are reciprocally inhibited. Therefore, inhibiting WNT/β-catenin signaling by limiting WNT secretion in concert with AR inhibition may be useful for treating prostate cancers with alterations in WNT pathway genes. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting of both AR and WNT/β-catenin signaling may be required to treat prostate cancers that exhibit alterations of the WNT pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Androgen Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/deficiency
- Prognosis
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Wnt-5a Protein/genetics
- Wnt-5a Protein/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Patel
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Peter Repiscak
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest Mui
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Meiling Gao
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Arnaud Blomme
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Harle
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ee Hong Tan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gaurav Malviya
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Agata Mrowinska
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn J Loveridge
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Linda K Rushworth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chara Ntala
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Mackay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hing Y Leung
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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26
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Clerc I, Moussa DA, Vahlas Z, Tardito S, Oburoglu L, Hope TJ, Sitbon M, Dardalhon V, Mongellaz C, Taylor N. Entry of glucose- and glutamine-derived carbons into the citric acid cycle supports early steps of HIV-1 infection in CD4 T cells. Nat Metab 2019; 1:717-730. [PMID: 32373781 PMCID: PMC7199465 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of CD4 T cells to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is regulated by glucose and glutamine metabolism, but the relative contributions of these nutrients to infection are not known. Here we show that glutaminolysis is the major pathway fuelling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in T-cell receptor-stimulated naïve, as well as memory CD4, subsets and is required for optimal HIV-1 infection. Under conditions of attenuated glutaminolysis, the α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) TCA rescues early steps in infection; exogenous α-KG promotes HIV-1 reverse transcription, rendering both naïve and memory cells more sensitive to infection. Blocking the glycolytic flux of pyruvate to lactate results in altered glucose carbon allocation to TCA and pentose phosphate pathway intermediates, an increase in OXPHOS and augmented HIV-1 reverse transcription. Moreover, HIV-1 infection is significantly higher in CD4 T cells selected on the basis of high mitochondrial biomass and OXPHOS activity. Therefore, the OXPHOS/aerobic glycolysis balance is a major regulator of HIV-1 infection in CD4 T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Clerc
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Daouda Abba Moussa
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Zoi Vahlas
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leal Oburoglu
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Mongellaz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Present address: Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Ackermann T, Tardito S. Cell Culture Medium Formulation and Its Implications in Cancer Metabolism. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:329-332. [PMID: 31208694 PMCID: PMC6557711 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Historic cell culture media were designed to ensure continuous cancer cell proliferation in vitro. However, their composition does not recapitulate the nutritional environment of the tumor. Recent studies show that novel media formulations alleviate the nonphysiological constraints imposed by historic media, and lead to cell culture results that are more relevant to tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ackermann
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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Hulme H, Kamat M, Meikle L, Swales J, Bragg R, Torres VV, Ormsby M, Tardito S, Douce G, Van Der Hooft J, Edgar J, Edrada-Ebel R, Goodwin RJA, Burchmore R, Wall DM. Gut microbiota derived mitochondrial inhibitors cross the blood brain barrier and localise white matter. Access Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1099/acmi.ac2019.po0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Kamat
- 1University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Saverio Tardito
- 3Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Julia Edgar
- 1University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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29
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Vande Voorde J, Ackermann T, Pfetzer N, Sumpton D, Mackay G, Kalna G, Nixon C, Blyth K, Gottlieb E, Tardito S. Improving the metabolic fidelity of cancer models with a physiological cell culture medium. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaau7314. [PMID: 30613774 PMCID: PMC6314821 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Currently available cell culture media may not reproduce the in vivo metabolic environment of tumors. To demonstrate this, we compared the effects of a new physiological medium, Plasmax, with commercial media. We prove that the disproportionate nutrient composition of commercial media imposes metabolic artifacts on cancer cells. Their supraphysiological concentrations of pyruvate stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in normoxia, thereby inducing a pseudohypoxic transcriptional program. In addition, their arginine concentrations reverse the urea cycle reaction catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase, an effect not observed in vivo, and prevented by Plasmax in vitro. The capacity of cancer cells to form colonies in commercial media was impaired by lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis and was rescued by selenium present in Plasmax. Last, an untargeted metabolic comparison revealed that breast cancer spheroids grown in Plasmax approximate the metabolic profile of mammary tumors better. In conclusion, a physiological medium improves the metabolic fidelity and biological relevance of in vitro cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Vande Voorde
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G611BD, UK
| | - Tobias Ackermann
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G611BD, UK
| | - Nadja Pfetzer
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G611BD, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G611BD, UK
| | - Gillian Mackay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G611BD, UK
| | - Gabriela Kalna
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G611BD, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G611BD, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G611BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G611BD, UK
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa, Israel
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G611BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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30
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Chiu M, Taurino G, Bianchi MG, Ottaviani L, Andreoli R, Ciociola T, Lagrasta CAM, Tardito S, Bussolati O. Oligodendroglioma Cells Lack Glutamine Synthetase and Are Auxotrophic for Glutamine, but Do not Depend on Glutamine Anaplerosis for Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1099. [PMID: 29642388 PMCID: PMC5979401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In cells derived from several types of cancer, a transcriptional program drives high consumption of glutamine (Gln), which is used for anaplerosis, leading to a metabolic addiction for the amino acid. Low or absent expression of Glutamine Synthetase (GS), the only enzyme that catalyzes de novo Gln synthesis, has been considered a marker of Gln-addicted cancers. In this study, two human cell lines derived from brain tumors with oligodendroglioma features, HOG and Hs683, have been shown to be GS-negative. Viability of both lines depends from extracellular Gln with EC50 of 0.175 ± 0.056 mM (Hs683) and 0.086 ± 0.043 mM (HOG), thus suggesting that small amounts of extracellular Gln are sufficient for OD cell growth. Gln starvation does not significantly affect the cell content of anaplerotic substrates, which, consistently, are not able to rescue cell growth, but causes hindrance of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and protein synthesis attenuation, which is mitigated by transient GS expression. Gln transport inhibitors cause partial depletion of intracellular Gln and cell growth inhibition, but do not lower cell viability. Therefore, GS-negative human oligodendroglioma cells are Gln-auxotrophic but do not use the amino acid for anaplerosis and, hence, are not Gln addicted, exhibiting only limited Gln requirements for survival and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Chiu
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Taurino
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano G Bianchi
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Laura Ottaviani
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Roberta Andreoli
- Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Tecla Ciociola
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Costanza A M Lagrasta
- Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback road, Glasgow G611BD, UK.
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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31
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Fack F, Tardito S, Hochart G, Oudin A, Zheng L, Fritah S, Golebiewska A, Nazarov PV, Bernard A, Hau AC, Keunen O, Leenders W, Lund-Johansen M, Stauber J, Gottlieb E, Bjerkvig R, Niclou SP. Altered metabolic landscape in IDH-mutant gliomas affects phospholipid, energy, and oxidative stress pathways. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:1681-1695. [PMID: 29054837 PMCID: PMC5709746 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) define the large majority of diffuse gliomas and are associated with hypermethylation of DNA and chromatin. The metabolic dysregulations imposed by these mutations, whether dependent or not on the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), are less well understood. Here, we applied mass spectrometry imaging on intracranial patient-derived xenografts of IDH-mutant versus IDH wild-type glioma to profile the distribution of metabolites at high anatomical resolution in situ This approach was complemented by in vivo tracing of labeled nutrients followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Selected metabolites were verified on clinical specimen. Our data identify remarkable differences in the phospholipid composition of gliomas harboring the IDH1 mutation. Moreover, we show that these tumors are characterized by reduced glucose turnover and a lower energy potential, correlating with their reduced aggressivity. Despite these differences, our data also show that D2HG overproduction does not result in a global aberration of the central carbon metabolism, indicating strong adaptive mechanisms at hand. Intriguingly, D2HG shows no quantitatively important glucose-derived label in IDH-mutant tumors, which suggests that the synthesis of this oncometabolite may rely on alternative carbon sources. Despite a reduction in NADPH, glutathione levels are maintained. We found that genes coding for key enzymes in de novo glutathione synthesis are highly expressed in IDH-mutant gliomas and the expression of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) correlates with patient survival in the oligodendroglial subtype. This study provides a detailed and clinically relevant insight into the in vivo metabolism of IDH1-mutant gliomas and points to novel metabolic vulnerabilities in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Fack
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Anais Oudin
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Liang Zheng
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sabrina Fritah
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Genomics and Proteomics Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Amandine Bernard
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Ann-Christin Hau
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Keunen
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - William Leenders
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Morten Lund-Johansen
- Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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32
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Joseph J, Grosch J, Tomar T, Klink B, Daubon T, Rane L, Solecki G, Hasan-Olive M, Hossain J, Latif A, Ninzima S, Bergersen L, Tardito S, Kruyt F, Bjerkvig R, Winkler F, Miletic H. CSIG-37. TGF-β PROMOTES MEMBRANE TUBE FORMATION IN GLIOBLASTOMA THAT CONTRIBUTES TO INVASION AND THERAPY RESISTANCE. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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33
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Kuntz EM, Baquero P, Michie AM, Dunn K, Tardito S, Holyoake TL, Helgason GV, Gottlieb E. Targeting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation eradicates therapy-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Nat Med 2017; 23:1234-1240. [PMID: 28920959 PMCID: PMC5657469 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with imatinib mesylate and other second- and/or third-generation c-Abl-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has substantially extended patient survival. However, TKIs primarily target differentiated cells and do not eliminate leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Therefore, targeting minimal residual disease to prevent acquired resistance and/or disease relapse requires identification of new LSC-selective target(s) that can be exploited therapeutically. Considering that malignant transformation involves cellular metabolic changes, which may in turn render the transformed cells susceptible to specific assaults in a selective manner, we searched for such vulnerabilities in CML LSCs. We performed metabolic analyses on both stem cell-enriched (CD34+ and CD34+CD38-) and differentiated (CD34-) cells derived from individuals with CML, and we compared the signature of these cells with that of their normal counterparts. Through combination of stable isotope-assisted metabolomics with functional assays, we demonstrate that primitive CML cells rely on upregulated oxidative metabolism for their survival. We also show that combination treatment with imatinib and tigecycline, an antibiotic that inhibits mitochondrial protein translation, selectively eradicates CML LSCs both in vitro and in a xenotransplantation model of human CML. Our findings provide a strong rationale for investigation of the use of TKIs in combination with tigecycline to treat patients with CML with minimal residual disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- In Vitro Techniques
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Mass Spectrometry
- Metabolomics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Minocycline/analogs & derivatives
- Minocycline/pharmacology
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Oxidative Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Phenformin/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tigecycline
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
- Up-Regulation
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Baquero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary &Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison M Michie
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary &Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Dunn
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary &Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Tessa L Holyoake
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary &Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary &Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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34
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Abstract
A defining hallmark of cancer is uncontrolled cell proliferation. This is initiated once cells have accumulated alterations in signaling pathways that control metabolism and proliferation, wherein the metabolic alterations provide the energetic and anabolic demands of enhanced cell proliferation. How these metabolic requirements are satisfied depends, in part, on the tumor microenvironment, which determines the availability of nutrients and oxygen. In this Cell Science at a Glance paper and the accompanying poster, we summarize our current understanding of cancer metabolism, emphasizing pathways of nutrient utilization and metabolism that either appear or have been proven essential for cancer cells. We also review how this knowledge has contributed to the development of anticancer therapies that target cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Vazquez
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Elke K Markert
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Zachary T Schug
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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35
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Tardito S, Oudin A, Ahmed SU, Fack F, Keunen O, Zheng L, Miletic H, Sakariassen PØ, Weinstock A, Wagner A, Lindsay SL, Hock AK, Barnett SC, Ruppin E, Mørkve SH, Lund-Johansen M, Chalmers AJ, Bjerkvig R, Niclou SP, Gottlieb E. Glutamine synthetase activity fuels nucleotide biosynthesis and supports growth of glutamine-restricted glioblastoma. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1556-68. [PMID: 26595383 PMCID: PMC4663685 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
L-Glutamine (Gln) functions physiologically to balance the carbon and nitrogen requirements of tissues. It has been proposed that in cancer cells undergoing aerobic glycolysis, accelerated anabolism is sustained by Gln-derived carbons, which replenish the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (anaplerosis). However, it is shown here that in glioblastoma (GBM) cells, almost half of the Gln-derived glutamate (Glu) is secreted and does not enter the TCA cycle, and that inhibiting glutaminolysis does not affect cell proliferation. Moreover, Gln-starved cells are not rescued by TCA cycle replenishment. Instead, the conversion of Glu to Gln by glutamine synthetase (GS; cataplerosis) confers Gln prototrophy, and fuels de novo purine biosynthesis. In both orthotopic GBM models and in patients, (13)C-glucose tracing showed that GS produces Gln from TCA-cycle-derived carbons. Finally, the Gln required for the growth of GBM tumours is contributed only marginally by the circulation, and is mainly either autonomously synthesized by GS-positive glioma cells, or supplied by astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Shafiq U. Ahmed
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Fred Fack
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Keunen
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Liang Zheng
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Per Øystein Sakariassen
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Adam Weinstock
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Allon Wagner
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Susan L. Lindsay
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Andreas K. Hock
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan C. Barnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | | | - Morten Lund-Johansen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020, Norway
| | | | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526, Luxembourg
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Simone P. Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526, Luxembourg
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
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36
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Schug ZT, Peck B, Jones DT, Zhang Q, Grosskurth S, Alam IS, Goodwin LM, Smethurst E, Mason S, Blyth K, McGarry L, James D, Shanks E, Kalna G, Saunders RE, Jiang M, Howell M, Lassailly F, Thin MZ, Spencer-Dene B, Stamp G, van den Broek NJF, Mackay G, Bulusu V, Kamphorst JJ, Tardito S, Strachan D, Harris AL, Aboagye EO, Critchlow SE, Wakelam MJO, Schulze A, Gottlieb E. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 promotes acetate utilization and maintains cancer cell growth under metabolic stress. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:57-71. [PMID: 25584894 PMCID: PMC4297291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A functional genomics study revealed that the activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) contributes to cancer cell growth under low-oxygen and lipid-depleted conditions. Comparative metabolomics and lipidomics demonstrated that acetate is used as a nutritional source by cancer cells in an ACSS2-dependent manner, and supplied a significant fraction of the carbon within the fatty acid and phospholipid pools. ACSS2 expression is upregulated under metabolically stressed conditions and ACSS2 silencing reduced the growth of tumor xenografts. ACSS2 exhibits copy-number gain in human breast tumors, and ACSS2 expression correlates with disease progression. These results signify a critical role for acetate consumption in the production of lipid biomass within the harsh tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Schug
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Barrie Peck
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Dylan T Jones
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Israt S Alam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Daniel James
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Emma Shanks
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gabriela Kalna
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Rebecca E Saunders
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ming Jiang
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Francois Lassailly
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Bradley Spencer-Dene
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Gordon Stamp
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Niels J F van den Broek
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gillian Mackay
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Vinay Bulusu
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Strachan
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Almut Schulze
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
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Oburoglu L, Tardito S, Fritz V, de Barros SC, Merida P, Craveiro M, Mamede J, Cretenet G, Mongellaz C, An X, Klysz D, Touhami J, Boyer-Clavel M, Battini JL, Dardalhon V, Zimmermann VS, Mohandas N, Gottlieb E, Sitbon M, Kinet S, Taylor N. Glucose and glutamine metabolism regulate human hematopoietic stem cell lineage specification. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 15:169-84. [PMID: 24953180 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic state of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is an important regulator of self-renewal, but it is unclear whether or how metabolic parameters contribute to HSC lineage specification and commitment. Here, we show that the commitment of human and murine HSCs to the erythroid lineage is dependent upon glutamine metabolism. HSCs require the ASCT2 glutamine transporter and active glutamine metabolism for erythroid specification. Blocking this pathway diverts EPO-stimulated HSCs to differentiate into myelomonocytic fates, altering in vivo HSC responses and erythroid commitment under stress conditions such as hemolytic anemia. Mechanistically, erythroid specification of HSCs requires glutamine-dependent de novo nucleotide biosynthesis. Exogenous nucleosides rescue erythroid commitment of human HSCs under conditions of limited glutamine catabolism, and glucose-stimulated nucleotide biosynthesis further enhances erythroid specification. Thus, the availability of glutamine and glucose to provide fuel for nucleotide biosynthesis regulates HSC lineage commitment under conditions of metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leal Oburoglu
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | | | - Vanessa Fritz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Stéphanie C de Barros
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Peggy Merida
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marco Craveiro
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - João Mamede
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Gaspard Cretenet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Cédric Mongellaz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Xiuli An
- New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450051, China
| | - Dorota Klysz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jawida Touhami
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Myriam Boyer-Clavel
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Battini
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Valérie S Zimmermann
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | | | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5535, Universités de Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34293 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France.
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Rizzi F, Naponelli V, Silva A, Modernelli A, Ramazzina I, Bonacini M, Tardito S, Gatti R, Uggeri J, Bettuzzi S. Polyphenon E(R), a standardized green tea extract, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to death of immortalized PNT1a cells by anoikis and tumorigenic PC3 by necroptosis. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:828-39. [PMID: 24343359 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing doses of Polyphenon E®, a standardized green tea extract, were given to PNT1a and PC3 prostate epithelial cells mimicking initial and advanced stages of prostate cancer (PCa), respectively. Cell death occurred in both cell lines, with PNT1a being more sensitive [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 35 μg/ml] than PC3 (IC50 = 145 μg/ml) to Polyphenon E®. Cell cycle arrest occurred at G0/G1 checkpoint for PNT1a, and G2/M for PC3 cells. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and unfolded protein response (UPR) occurred in both cell lines, with each exhibiting different timing in response to Polyphenon E®. Autophagy was transiently activated in PNT1a cells within 12 h after treatment as a survival response to overcome ERS; then activation of caspases and cleavage of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase 1 occurred, committing cells to anoikis death. Polyphenon E® induced severe ERS in PC3 cells, causing a dramatic enlargement of the ER; persistent activation of UPR produced strong upregulation of GADD153/CHOP, a key protein of ERS-mediated cell death. Thereafter, GADD153/CHOP activated Puma, a BH3-only protein, committing cells to necroptosis, a programmed caspase-independent mechanism of cell death. Our results provide a foundation for the identification of novel targets and strategies aimed at sensitizing apoptosis-resistant cells to alternative death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rizzi
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Translational Research and
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Chiu M, Tardito S, Pillozzi S, Arcangeli A, Campanini N, Silini EM, Bussolati O. Drug‐induced glutamine depletion hinders the growth of β‐ catenin mutated human liver cancer xenografts. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.387.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Chiu
- Dept. of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (SBiBiT)University of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Dept. of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (SBiBiT)University of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Serena Pillozzi
- Dept. of Experimental Pathology and OncologyUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Dept. of Experimental Pathology and OncologyUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Nicoletta Campanini
- Dept. of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (SBiBiT)University of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Enrico M. Silini
- Dept. of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (SBiBiT)University of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Dept. of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (SBiBiT)University of ParmaParmaItaly
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40
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Tardito S, Barilli A, Bassanetti I, Tegoni M, Bussolati O, Franchi-Gazzola R, Mucchino C, Marchiò L. Copper-dependent cytotoxicity of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives correlates with their hydrophobicity and does not require caspase activation. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10448-59. [PMID: 23170953 DOI: 10.1021/jm301053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the structure-activity relationship of a series of 8-hydroxoquinoline derivatives (8-HQs) and focuses on the cytotoxic activity of 5-Cl-7-I-8-HQ (clioquinol, CQ) copper complex (Cu(CQ)). 8-HQs alone cause a dose-dependent loss of viability of the human tumor HeLa and PC3 cells, but the coadministration of copper increases the ligands effects, with extensive cell death occurring in both cell lines. Cytotoxic doses of Cu(CQ) promote intracellular copper accumulation and massive endoplasmic reticulum vacuolization that precede a nonapoptotic (paraptotic) cell death. The cytotoxic effect of Cu(CQ) is reproduced in normal human endothelial cells (HUVEC) at concentrations double those effective in tumor cells, pointing to a potential therapeutic window for Cu(CQ). Finally, the results show that the paraptotic cell death induced by Cu(CQ) does not require nor involve caspases, giving an indication for the current clinical assessment of clioquinol as an antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Tardito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, 43123 Parma, Italy
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41
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Durán RV, MacKenzie ED, Boulahbel H, Frezza C, Heiserich L, Tardito S, Bussolati O, Rocha S, Hall MN, Gottlieb E. HIF-independent role of prolyl hydroxylases in the cellular response to amino acids. Oncogene 2012; 32:4549-56. [PMID: 23085753 PMCID: PMC3787797 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent dioxygenases that function as cellular oxygen sensors. However, PHD activity also depends on factors other than oxygen, especially αKG, a key metabolic compound closely linked to amino-acid metabolism. We examined the connection between amino-acid availability and PHD activity. We found that amino-acid starvation leads to αKG depletion and to PHD inactivation but not to HIF stabilization. Furthermore, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of PHDs induced autophagy and prevented mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation by amino acids in a HIF-independent manner. Therefore, PHDs sense not only oxygen but also respond to amino acids, constituting a broad intracellular nutrient-sensing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Durán
- 1] Apoptosis and Tumour Metabolism Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK [2] Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, Switzerland
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42
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Covini D, Tardito S, Bussolati O, Chiarelli LR, Pasquetto MV, Digilio R, Valentini G, Scotti C. Expanding targets for a metabolic therapy of cancer: L-asparaginase. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2012; 7:4-13. [PMID: 21854356 DOI: 10.2174/157489212798358001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The antitumour enzyme L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.1, ASNase), which catalyses the deamidation of L-asparagine (Asn) to L-aspartic acid and ammonia, has been used for many years in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Also NK tumours, subtypes of myeloid leukaemias and T-cell lymphomas respond to ASNase, and ovarian carcinomas and other solid tumours have been proposed as additional targets for ASNase, with a potential role for its glutaminase activity. The increasing attention devoted to the antitumour activity of ASNase prompted us to analyse recent patents specifically concerning this enzyme. Here, we first give an overview of metabolic pathways affected by Asn and Gln depletion and, hence, potential targets of ASNase. We then discuss recent published patents concerning ASNases. In particular, we pay attention to novel ASNases, such as the recently characterised ASNase produced by Helicobacter pylori, and those presenting amino acid substitutions aimed at improving enzymatic activity of the classical Escherichia coli enzyme. We detail modifications, such as natural glycosylation or synthetic conjugation with other molecules, for therapeutic purposes. Finally, we analyse patents concerning biotechnological protocols and strategies applied to production of ASNase as well as to its administration and delivery in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Covini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata, 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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43
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Tardito S, Chiu M, Uggeri J, Zerbini A, Da Ros F, Dall'Asta V, Missale G, Bussolati O. L-Asparaginase and inhibitors of glutamine synthetase disclose glutamine addiction of β-catenin-mutated human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2012; 11:929-43. [PMID: 21834755 DOI: 10.2174/156800911797264725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Selected oncogenic mutations support unregulated growth enhancing glutamine availability but increasing the dependence of tumor cells on the amino acid. Data from literature indicate that a subset of HepatoCellular Carcinomas (HCC) is characterized by mutations of β-catenin and overexpression of Glutamine Synthetase (GS). To assess if this phenotype may constitute an example of glutamine addiction, we treated four human HCC lines with the enzyme L-Asparaginase (ASNase), a glutaminolytic drug. ASNase had a significant antiproliferative effect only in the β-catenin mutated HepG2 cells, which were partially rescued by the anaplerotic intermediates pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate. The enzyme severely depleted cell glutamine, caused eIF2α phosphorylation, inhibited mTOR activity, and increased autophagy in both HepG2 and in the β-catenin wild type cell line Huh-7. When used with ASNase, the GS inhibitor methionine sulfoximine (MSO) emptied cell glutamine pool, arresting proliferation in ASNase-insensitive Huh-7 cells and activating caspase-3 and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Compared with Huh-7 cells, HepG2 cells accumulated much higher levels of glutamine and MSO, due to the higher expression and activity of SNAT2, a concentrative transporter for neutral amino acids, but were much more sensitive to glutamine withdrawal from the medium. In the presence of ASNase, MSO caused a paradoxical maintenance of rapamycin-sensitive mTOR activity in both HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. β-catenin silencing lowered ASNase sensitivity of HepG2 cells and of Huh-6 cells, another β-catenin-mutated cell line, which also exhibited high sensitivity to ASNase. Thus, β-catenin mutated HCC cells are more sensitive to glutamine depletion and accumulate higher levels of GS inhibitors. These results indicate that glutamine deprivation may constitute a targeted therapy for β-catenin-mutated HCC cells addicted to the amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tardito
- Unit of General and Clinical Pathology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Volturno 39, Italy
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Chiu M, Tardito S, Gazzola RF, Bianchi MG, Uggeri J, Bussolati O. Glutamine Synthetase plays a dual role in the dependence of human cancer cells from glutamine. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.145.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Chiu
- Dept. of Experimental MedicineUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | | | | | | | - Jacopo Uggeri
- Dept. of Experimental MedicineUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
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Tardito S, Chiu M, Franchi-Gazzola R, Dall'Asta V, Comi P, Bussolati O. The non-proteinogenic amino acids L-methionine sulfoximine and DL-phosphinothricin activate mTOR. Amino Acids 2011; 42:2507-12. [PMID: 21769496 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
L-Methionine sulfoximine (MSO) and DL-Phosphinothricin (PPT), two non-proteinogenic amino acids known as inhibitors of Glutamine Synthetase, cause a dose-dependent increase in the phosphorylation of the mTOR substrate S6 kinase 1. The effect is particularly evident in glutamine-depleted cells, where mTOR activity is very low, but is detectable for PPT also in the presence of glutamine. The stimulation of mTOR activity by either MSO or PPT is strongly synergized by essential amino acids. Thus, the non-proteinogenic amino acids MSO and PPT are mTOR activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Tardito
- Unit of General and Clinical Pathology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
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46
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Tardito S, Bassanetti I, Bignardi C, Elviri L, Tegoni M, Mucchino C, Bussolati O, Franchi-Gazzola R, Marchiò L. Copper Binding Agents Acting as Copper Ionophores Lead to Caspase Inhibition and Paraptotic Cell Death in Human Cancer Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6235-42. [PMID: 21452832 DOI: 10.1021/ja109413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Tardito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Generale e Clinica, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Irene Bassanetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Bignardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Mucchino
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Generale e Clinica, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Renata Franchi-Gazzola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Generale e Clinica, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Tardito S, Isella C, Medico E, Marchiò L, Bevilacqua E, Hatzoglou M, Bussolati O, Franchi-Gazzola R. The thioxotriazole copper(II) complex A0 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and paraptotic death in human cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:24306-19. [PMID: 19561079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.026583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The copper(II) complex A0 induces a type of non-apoptotic cell death also known as paraptosis. Paraptosis involves extensive endoplasmic reticulum vacuolization in the absence of caspase activation. A wide panel of human cancer cell lines was used to demonstrate differences in cytotoxicity by the paraptosis-inducing drug A0 and the metal-based pro-apoptotic drug cisplatin. Gene expression profiling of the human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells showed that, while cisplatin induced p53 targets, A0 up-regulated genes involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and response to heavy metals. The cytotoxic effects of A0 were associated with inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and accumulation of ubiquitinylated proteins, in a manner dependent on protein synthesis. Cycloheximide inhibited the accumulation of ubiquitinylated proteins and hampered A0-induced cell death process. The occurrence of the UPR during A0-induced death process was shown by the increased abundance of spliced XBP1 mRNA, transient eIF2alpha phosphorylation, and a series of downstream events, including attenuation of global protein synthesis and increased expression of ATF4, CHOP, BIP, and GADD34. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing a mutant eIF2alpha, which could not be phosphorylated, were more resistant to A0 than wild type cells, pointing to a pro-death role of eIF2alpha phosphorylation. A0 may thus represent the prototypical member of a new class of compounds that cause paraptotic cell death via mechanisms involving eIF2alpha phosphorylation and the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Tardito
- Unit of General and Clinical Pathology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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48
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Delferro M, Marchiò L, Tegoni M, Tardito S, Franchi-Gazzola R, Lanfranchi M. Synthesis, structural characterisation and solution chemistry of ruthenium(III) triazole-thiadiazine complexes. Dalton Trans 2009:3766-73. [DOI: 10.1039/b823271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Tardito S, Bussolati O, Maffini M, Tegoni M, Giannetto M, Dall'asta V, Franchi-Gazzola R, Lanfranchi M, Pellinghelli MA, Mucchino C, Mori G, Marchio L. Thioamido Coordination in a Thioxo-1,2,4-triazole Copper(II) Complex Enhances Nonapoptotic Programmed Cell Death Associated with Copper Accumulation and Oxidative Stress in Human Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1916-24. [PMID: 17373781 DOI: 10.1021/jm061174f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thioamido function of [CuCl2(1H)]Cl (2) (1=4-amino-1,4-dihydro-3-(2-pyridyl)-5-thioxo-1,2,4-triazole), a cytotoxic copper complex, was converted into thioether moieties, leading to the synthesis of [CuCl2(3)]2 (4) and [CuCl2(5)] (6) (3=6-methyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine; 5=4-amino-5-ethylthio-3-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole). These complexes were structurally characterized, and their stability constants, along with their biological activity, were determined. 4 and 6 were slightly less stable and significantly less active than 2. However, as 2, both complexes induced nonapoptotic vacuolar cell death. Copper uptake, investigated in both 2-sensitive and -insensitive cell types, was markedly higher in sensitive cells where it was associated with an increase in oxidized glutathione. These data suggest that the thioamido function enhances the cytotoxicity of copper complexes in cancer cells promoting the accumulation of the metal and its interaction with cell thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Tardito
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
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