51
|
Linking NMDA Receptor Synaptic Retention to Synaptic Plasticity and Cognition. iScience 2019; 19:927-939. [PMID: 31518901 PMCID: PMC6742927 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit composition plays a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses. Still, the mechanisms responsible for the synaptic retention of NMDARs following induction of plasticity need to be fully elucidated. Rabphilin3A (Rph3A) is involved in the stabilization of NMDARs at synapses through the formation of a complex with GluN2A and PSD-95. Here we used different protocols to induce synaptic plasticity in the presence or absence of agents modulating Rph3A function. The use of Forskolin/Rolipram/Picrotoxin cocktail to induce chemical LTP led to synaptic accumulation of Rph3A and formation of synaptic GluN2A/Rph3A complex. Notably, Rph3A silencing or use of peptides interfering with the GluN2A/Rph3A complex blocked LTP induction. Moreover, in vivo disruption of GluN2A/Rph3A complex led to a profound alteration of spatial memory. Overall, our results demonstrate a molecular mechanism needed for NMDAR stabilization at synapses after plasticity induction and to trigger downstream signaling events necessary for cognitive behavior. LTP induces trafficking of Rph3A at synapses and formation of GluN2A/Rph3A complex Disruption of Rph3A/GluN2A complex leads to LTP impairment Rph3A/GluN2A complex is needed for modifications of dendritic spines induced by LTP Disruption of Rph3A/GluN2A complex leads to spatial memory impairment
Collapse
|
52
|
Reiner A, Levitz J. Glutamatergic Signaling in the Central Nervous System: Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors in Concert. Neuron 2019; 98:1080-1098. [PMID: 29953871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate serves as both the mammalian brain's primary excitatory neurotransmitter and as a key neuromodulator to control synapse and circuit function over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This functional diversity is decoded by two receptor families: ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The challenges posed by the complexity and physiological importance of each of these subtypes has limited our appreciation and understanding of how these receptors work in concert. In this review, by comparing both receptor families with a focus on their crosstalk, we argue for a more holistic understanding of neural glutamate signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reiner
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Lee G, Zhou Y. NMDAR Hypofunction Animal Models of Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:185. [PMID: 31417356 PMCID: PMC6685005 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction hypothesis has been proposed to help understand the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This hypothesis was based on early observations that NMDAR antagonists could induce a full range of symptoms of schizophrenia in normal human subjects. Accumulating evidence in humans and animal studies points to NMDAR hypofunctionality as a convergence point for various symptoms of schizophrenia. Here we review animal models of NMDAR hypofunction generated by pharmacological and genetic approaches, and how they relate to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In addition, we discuss the limitations of animal models of NMDAR hypofunction and their potential utility for therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Koster KP, Francesconi W, Berton F, Alahmadi S, Srinivas R, Yoshii A. Developmental NMDA receptor dysregulation in the infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis mouse model. eLife 2019; 8:40316. [PMID: 30946007 PMCID: PMC6464704 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation and depalmitoylation alter protein function. This post-translational modification is critical for synaptic transmission and plasticity. Mutation of the depalmitoylating enzyme palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) causes infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN1), a pediatric neurodegenerative disease. However, the role of protein depalmitoylation in synaptic maturation is unknown. Therefore, we studied synapse development in Ppt1-/- mouse visual cortex. We demonstrate that the developmental N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit switch from GluN2B to GluN2A is stagnated in Ppt1-/- mice. Correspondingly, Ppt1-/- neurons exhibit immature evoked NMDAR currents and dendritic spine morphology in vivo. Further, dissociated Ppt1-/- cultured neurons show extrasynaptic, diffuse calcium influxes and enhanced vulnerability to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity, reflecting the predominance of GluN2B-containing receptors. Remarkably, Ppt1-/- neurons demonstrate hyperpalmitoylation of GluN2B as well as Fyn kinase, which regulates surface retention of GluN2B. Thus, PPT1 plays a critical role in postsynapse maturation by facilitating the GluN2 subunit switch and proteostasis of palmitoylated proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Koster
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Walter Francesconi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Fulvia Berton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Sami Alahmadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Roshan Srinivas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Akira Yoshii
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Ramsaran AI, Schlichting ML, Frankland PW. The ontogeny of memory persistence and specificity. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 36:100591. [PMID: 30316637 PMCID: PMC6969236 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in the ontogeny of memory blossomed in the twentieth century following the initial observations that memories from infancy and early childhood are rapidly forgotten. The intense exploration of infantile amnesia in subsequent years has led to a thorough characterization of its psychological determinants, although the neurobiology of memory persistence has long remained elusive. By contrast, other phenomena in the ontogeny of memory like infantile generalization have received relatively less attention. Despite strong evidence for reduced memory specificity during ontogeny, infantile generalization is poorly understood from psychological and neurobiological perspectives. In this review, we examine the ontogeny of memory persistence and specificity in humans and nonhuman animals at the levels of behavior and the brain. To this end, we first describe the behavioral phenotypes associated with each phenomenon. Looking into the brain, we then discuss neurobiological mechanisms in the hippocampus that contribute to the ontogeny of memory. Hippocampal neurogenesis and critical period mechanisms have recently been discovered to underlie amnesia during early development, and at the same time, we speculate that similar processes may contribute to the early bias towards memory generalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam I Ramsaran
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G3, Canada
| | | | - Paul W Frankland
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G3, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada; Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Edfawy M, Guedes JR, Pereira MI, Laranjo M, Carvalho MJ, Gao X, Ferreira PA, Caldeira G, Franco LO, Wang D, Cardoso AL, Feng G, Carvalho AL, Peça J. Abnormal mGluR-mediated synaptic plasticity and autism-like behaviours in Gprasp2 mutant mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1431. [PMID: 30926797 PMCID: PMC6440958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by dysfunction in social interactions, stereotypical behaviours and high co-morbidity with intellectual disability. A variety of syndromic and non-syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders have been connected to alterations in metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) signalling. These receptors contribute to synaptic plasticity, spine maturation and circuit development. Here, we investigate the physiological role of Gprasp2, a gene linked to neurodevelopmental disabilities and involved in the postendocytic sorting of G-protein-coupled receptors. We show that Gprasp2 deletion leads to ASD-like behaviour in mice and alterations in synaptic communication. Manipulating the levels of Gprasp2 bidirectionally modulates the surface availability of mGluR5 and produces alterations in dendritic complexity, spine density and synaptic maturation. Loss of Gprasp2 leads to enhanced hippocampal long-term depression, consistent with facilitated mGluR-dependent activation. These findings demonstrate a role for Gprasp2 in glutamatergic synapses and suggest a possible mechanism by which this gene is linked to neurodevelopmental diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Edfawy
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana R Guedes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta I Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Laranjo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário J Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Xian Gao
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Pedro A Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gladys Caldeira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lara O Franco
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dongqing Wang
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ana Luisa Cardoso
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ana Luisa Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Peça
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Fan YF, Guan SY, Luo L, Li YJ, Yang L, Zhou XX, Guo GD, Zhao MG, Yang Q, Liu G. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside relieves the chronic inflammatory pain by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, microglia activation, and GluN2B overexpression in anterior cingulate cortex. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918814367. [PMID: 30380983 PMCID: PMC6259074 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918814367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (THSG) is one of the active ingredients of Polygonum multiflorum. It has been shown to exert a variety of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-atherosclerosis. Because of its prominent anti-inflammatory effect, we explored whether THSG had analgesic effect. In this study, we used a model of chronic inflammatory pain caused by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant into the hind paw of mice. We found THSG relieved swelling and pain in the hind paw of mice on a dose-dependent manner. In the anterior cingulate cortex, THSG suppressed the upregulation of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and the downregulation of GluN2A-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors caused by chronic inflammation. In addition, THSG increased Bcl-2 and decreased Bax and Caspase-3 expression by protecting neuronal survival. Furthermore, THSG inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and the increase of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that THSG blocked the activation of microglia and reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that THSG had a certain effect on alleviating complete Freund's adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fei Fan
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Yu Guan
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,3 Department of Nature Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Luo
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Jiao Li
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,3 Department of Nature Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Yang
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Zhou
- 3 Department of Nature Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Dong Guo
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Yang
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Liu
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Bae SE, Richardson R. Behavioral tagging in infant rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:580-586. [PMID: 30322891 PMCID: PMC6191016 DOI: 10.1101/lm.047605.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that exposure to a novel environment may stabilize the persistence of weak memories, a phenomenon often attributed to a process referred to as “behavioral tagging.” While this phenomenon has been repeatedly demonstrated in adult animals, no studies to date have examined whether it occurs in infant animals, which is surprising given that infants exhibit an impaired ability to form long-term memories (LTMs). In the present study, infant (i.e., postnatal day (P) 17) rats were placed in a context and repeatedly shocked. Infant rats given brief open field exposure 1 h, but not 2 h, prior to conditioning exhibited enhanced retention when tested 1 d later (Experiments 1 and 2), but comparable retention when tested shortly after training (Experiment 2). Thus, exploration of an open field facilitates subsequent context fear memories by enhancing the persistence of the memory rather than strengthening the context-shock association at encoding. While exploration of an open field did not lead to better memory when animals were tested 3 d later (Experiment 3), a brief pretest shock led to a more pronounced reinstatement effect in rats exposed to the open field 1 h before conditioning (Experiment 4). Finally, unlike what has been reported in adults, Experiments 5 and 6 suggest that familiarization of the open field before subsequent exposure does not abolish the behavioral tagging effect in infants. Overall, while these findings suggest that similar behavioral tagging mechanisms to those reported in adults might be involved in the formation of LTMs in infant rats, they also suggest that there may be developmental differences in the retention of familiarization experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Bae
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rick Richardson
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Kellermayer B, Ferreira JS, Dupuis J, Levet F, Grillo-Bosch D, Bard L, Linarès-Loyez J, Bouchet D, Choquet D, Rusakov DA, Bon P, Sibarita JB, Cognet L, Sainlos M, Carvalho AL, Groc L. Differential Nanoscale Topography and Functional Role of GluN2-NMDA Receptor Subtypes at Glutamatergic Synapses. Neuron 2018; 100:106-119.e7. [PMID: 30269991 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play key roles in the use-dependent adaptation of glutamatergic synapses underpinning memory formation. In the forebrain, these plastic processes involve the varied contributions of GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDARs that have different signaling properties. Although the molecular machinery of synaptic NMDAR trafficking has been under scrutiny, the postsynaptic spatial organization of these two receptor subtypes has remained elusive. Here, we used super-resolution imaging of NMDARs in rat hippocampal synapses to unveil the nanoscale topography of native GluN2A- and GluN2B-NMDARs. Both subtypes were found to be organized in separate nanodomains that vary over the course of development. Furthermore, GluN2A- and GluN2B-NMDAR nanoscale organizations relied on distinct regulatory mechanisms. Strikingly, the selective rearrangement of GluN2A- and GluN2B-NMDARs, with no overall change in NMDAR current amplitude, allowed bi-directional tuning of synaptic LTP. Thus, GluN2A- and GluN2B-NMDAR nanoscale organizations are differentially regulated and seem to involve distinct signaling complexes during synaptic adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Kellermayer
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Joana S Ferreira
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Dupuis
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florian Levet
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Bordeaux Imaging Center UMS 3420, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Dolors Grillo-Bosch
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucie Bard
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeanne Linarès-Loyez
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Delphine Bouchet
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Bordeaux Imaging Center UMS 3420, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Dmitri A Rusakov
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pierre Bon
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sibarita
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Cognet
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Matthieu Sainlos
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ana Luisa Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Laurent Groc
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Yang L, Bai HH, Zhang ZY, Liu JP, Suo ZW, Yang X, Hu XD. Disruption of SHP1/NMDA receptor signaling in spinal cord dorsal horn alleviated inflammatory pain. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
61
|
Tie X, Li S, Feng Y, Lai B, Liu S, Jiang B. Distinct Roles of NMDAR and mGluR5 in Light Exposure Reversal of Feedforward Synaptic Strength in V1 of Juvenile Mice after Binocular Vision Deprivation. Neuroscience 2018; 384:131-138. [PMID: 29859977 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the visual cortex, sensory deprivation causes global augmentation of the amplitude of AMPA receptor-mediated miniature EPSCs in layer 2/3 pyramidal cells and enhancement of NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in cells activated in layer 4, effects that are both rapidly reversed by light exposure. Layer 2/3 pyramidal cells receive both feedforward input from layer 4 and intra-cortical lateral input from the same layer, LTP is mainly induced by the former input. Whether feedforward excitatory synaptic strength is affected by visual deprivation and light exposure, how this synaptic strength correlates with the magnitude of LTP in this pathway, and the underlying mechanism have not been explored. Here, we showed that in juvenile mice, both dark rearing and dark exposure reduced the feedforward excitatory synaptic strength, and the effects can be reversed completely by 10-12 h and 6-8 h light exposure, respectively. However, inhibition of NMDA receptors by CPP or mGluR5 by MPEP, prevented the effect of light exposure on the mice reared in the dark from birth, while only inhibition of NMDAR prevented the effect of light exposure on dark-exposed mice. These results suggested that the activation of both NMDAR and mGluR5 are essential in the light exposure reversal of feedforward excitatory synaptic strength in the dark reared mice from birth; while in the dark exposed mice, only activation of NMDAR is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiu Tie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yilin Feng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Biqin Lai
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie South Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Bennet L, Galinsky R, Draghi V, Lear CA, Davidson JO, Unsworth CP, Gunn AJ. Time and sex dependent effects of magnesium sulphate on post-asphyxial seizures in preterm fetal sheep. J Physiol 2018; 596:6079-6092. [PMID: 29572829 DOI: 10.1113/jp275627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We evaluated the effect of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4 ) on seizures induced by asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep. MgSO4 did not prevent seizures, but significantly reduced the total duration, number of seizures, seizure amplitude and average seizure burden. Saline-asphyxia male fetuses had significantly more seizures than female fetuses, but male fetuses showed significantly greater reduction in seizures during MgSO4 infusion than female fetuses. A circadian profile of seizure activity was observed in all fetuses, with peak seizures seen around 04.00-06.00 h on the first and second days after the end of asphyxia. This study is the first to demonstrate that MgSO4 has utility as an anti-seizure agent after hypoxia-ischaemia. More information is needed about the mechanisms mediating the effect of MgSO4 on seizures and sexual dimorphism, and the influence of circadian rhythms on seizure expression. ABSTRACT Seizures are common in newborns after asphyxia at birth and are often refractory to anti-seizure agents. Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4 ) has anticonvulsant effects and is increasingly given to women in preterm labour for potential neuroprotection. There is limited information on its effects on perinatal seizures. We examined the hypothesis that MgSO4 infusion would reduce fetal seizures after asphyxia in utero. Preterm fetal sheep at 0.7 gestation (104 days, term = 147 days) were given intravenous infusions of either saline (n = 14) or MgSO4 (n = 12, 160 mg bolus + 48 mg h-1 infusion over 48 h). Fetuses underwent umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) for 25 min, 24 h after the start of infusion. The start time for seizures did not differ between groups, but MgSO4 significantly reduced the total number of seizures (P < 0.001), peak seizure amplitude (P < 0.05) and seizure burden (P < 0.005). Within the saline-asphyxia group, male fetuses had significantly more seizures than females (P < 0.05). Within the MgSO4 -asphyxia group, although both sexes had fewer seizures than the saline-asphyxia group, the greatest effect of MgSO4 was on male fetuses, with reduced numbers of seizures (P < 0.001) and seizure burden (P < 0.005). Only 1 out of 6 MgSO4 males had seizures on the second day post-UCO compared to 5 out of 6 MgSO4 female fetuses (P = 0.08). Finally, seizures showed a circadian profile with peak seizures between 04.00 and 06.00 h on the first and second day post-UCO. Collectively, these results suggest that MgSO4 may have utility in treating perinatal seizures and has sexually dimorphic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bennet
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert Galinsky
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vittoria Draghi
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher A Lear
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanne O Davidson
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles P Unsworth
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Travaglia A, Steinmetz AB, Miranda JM, Alberini CM. Mechanisms of critical period in the hippocampus underlie object location learning and memory in infant rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:176-182. [PMID: 29545389 PMCID: PMC5855526 DOI: 10.1101/lm.046946.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memories in early childhood are rapidly forgotten, a phenomenon that is associated with “infantile amnesia,” the inability of adults to remember early-life experiences. We recently showed that early aversive contextual memory in infant rats, which is in fact rapidly forgotten, is actually not lost, as reminders presented later in life reinstate a long-lasting and context-specific memory. We also showed that the formation of this infantile memory recruits in the hippocampus mechanisms typical of developmental critical periods. Here, we tested whether similar mechanisms apply to a nonaversive, hippocampal type of learning. We report that novel object location (nOL) learned at postnatal day 17 (PN17) undergoes the typical rapid forgetting of infantile learning. However, a later reminder reinstates memory expression. Furthermore, as for aversive experiences, nOL learning at PN17 engages critical period mechanisms in the dorsal hippocampus: it induces a switch in the GluN2A/2B-NMDA receptor ratio, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor injected bilaterally into the dorsal hippocampus immediately after training results in long-lasting memory expression. We conclude that in infancy the hippocampus plays a necessary role in processing episodic and contextual memories, including nonaversive ones, and matures through a developmental critical period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Travaglia
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Adam B Steinmetz
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Janelle M Miranda
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Cristina M Alberini
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Luoni A, Gass P, Brambilla P, Ruggeri M, Riva MA, Inta D. Altered expression of schizophrenia-related genes in mice lacking mGlu5 receptors. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:77-87. [PMID: 27581816 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The evidence underlying the so-called glutamatergic hypothesis ranges from NMDA receptor hypofunction to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory circuits in specific brain structures. Among all glutamatergic system components, metabotropic receptors play a main role in regulating neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. Here, we investigated, using qRT-PCR and western blot, consequences in the hippocampus and prefrontal/frontal cortex (PFC/FC) of mice with a genetic deletion of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5), addressing key components of the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. We found that mGlu5 knockout (KO) mice showed a significant reduction of reelin, GAD65, GAD67 and parvalbumin mRNA levels, which is specific for the PFC/FC, and that is paralleled by a significant reduction of protein levels in male KO mice. We next analyzed the main NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits, namely GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B and GluA1, and we found that mGlu5 deletion determined a significant reduction of their mRNA levels, also within the hippocampus, with differences between the two genders. Our data suggest that neurochemical abnormalities impinging the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems may be responsible for the behavioral phenotype associated with mGlu5 KO animals and point to the close interaction of these molecular players for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. These data could contribute to a better understanding of the involvement of mGlu5 alterations in the molecular imbalance between excitation and inhibition underlying the emergence of a schizophrenic-like phenotype and to understand the potential of mGlu5 modulators in reversing the deficits characterizing the schizophrenic pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Neuropharmacology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J 5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Neuropharmacology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J 5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Str. 27, 4012, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Carta M, Srikumar BN, Gorlewicz A, Rebola N, Mulle C. Activity-dependent control of NMDA receptor subunit composition at hippocampal mossy fibre synapses. J Physiol 2018; 596:703-716. [PMID: 29218821 DOI: 10.1113/jp275226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS CA3 pyramidal cells display input-specific differences in the subunit composition of synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Although at low density, GluN2B contributes significantly to NMDAR-mediated EPSCs at mossy fibre synapses. Long-term potentiation (LTP) of NMDARs triggers a modification in the subunit composition of synaptic NMDARs by insertion of GluN2B. GluN2B subunits are essential for the expression of LTP of NMDARs at mossy fibre synapses. ABSTRACT Single neurons express NMDA receptors (NMDARs) with distinct subunit composition and biophysical properties that can be segregated in an input-specific manner. The dynamic control of the heterogeneous distribution of synaptic NMDARs is crucial to control input-dependent synaptic integration and plasticity. In hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells from mice of both sexes, we found that mossy fibre (MF) synapses display a markedly lower proportion of GluN2B-containing NMDARs than associative/commissural synapses. The mechanism involved in such heterogeneous distribution of GluN2B subunits is not known. Here we show that long-term potentiation (LTP) of NMDARs, which is selectively expressed at MF-CA3 pyramidal cell synapses, triggers a modification in the subunit composition of synaptic NMDARs by insertion of GluN2B. This activity-dependent recruitment of GluN2B at mature MF-CA3 pyramidal cell synapses contrasts with the removal of GluN2B subunits at other glutamatergic synapses during development and in response to activity. Furthermore, although expressed at low levels, GluN2B is necessary for the expression of LTP of NMDARs at MF-CA3 pyramidal cell synapses. Altogether, we reveal a previously unknown activity-dependent regulation and function of GluN2B subunits that may contribute to the heterogeneous plasticity induction rules in CA3 pyramidal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Carta
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bettadapura N Srikumar
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adam Gorlewicz
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nelson Rebola
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Mulle
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Unconventional NMDA Receptor Signaling. J Neurosci 2017; 37:10800-10807. [PMID: 29118208 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1825-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the classical view, NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are stably expressed at the postsynaptic membrane, where they act via Ca2+ to signal coincidence detection in Hebbian plasticity. More recently, it has been established that NMDAR-mediated transmission can be dynamically regulated by neural activity. In addition, NMDARs have been found presynaptically, where they cannot act as conventional coincidence detectors. Unexpectedly, NMDARs have also been shown to signal metabotropically, without the need for Ca2+ This review highlights novel findings concerning these unconventional modes of NMDAR action.
Collapse
|
67
|
Cortese GP, Olin A, O'Riordan K, Hullinger R, Burger C. Environmental enrichment improves hippocampal function in aged rats by enhancing learning and memory, LTP, and mGluR5-Homer1c activity. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 63:1-11. [PMID: 29207276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that environmental enrichment (EE) in young rats results in improved learning ability and enhanced metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (mGluR-dependent LTP) resulting from sustained activation of p70S6 kinase. Here, we investigated whether 1-month EE is sufficient to improve hippocampus-dependent learning and memory and enhance hippocampal LTP in 23-24 month-old Fischer 344 male rats. Aged rats were housed in environmentally enriched, socially enriched, or standard housing conditions. We find that aged rats exposed to 1-month of EE demonstrate enhanced learning and memory relative to standard housed controls when tested in the Morris water maze and novel object recognition behavioral tasks. Furthermore, we find that environmentally enriched rats perform significantly better than socially enriched or standard housed rats in the radial-arm water maze and display enhanced mGluR5-dependent hippocampal LTP. Enhanced hippocampal function results from activity-dependent increases in the levels of mGluR5, Homer1c, and phospho-p70S6 kinase. These findings demonstrate that a short exposure of EE to aged rats can have significant effects on hippocampal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe P Cortese
- Department of Neurology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Olin
- College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth O'Riordan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rikki Hullinger
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corinna Burger
- Department of Neurology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Pelkey KA, Chittajallu R, Craig MT, Tricoire L, Wester JC, McBain CJ. Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1619-1747. [PMID: 28954853 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the hippocampus GABAergic local circuit inhibitory interneurons represent only ~10-15% of the total neuronal population; however, their remarkable anatomical and physiological diversity allows them to regulate virtually all aspects of cellular and circuit function. Here we provide an overview of the current state of the field of interneuron research, focusing largely on the hippocampus. We discuss recent advances related to the various cell types, including their development and maturation, expression of subtype-specific voltage- and ligand-gated channels, and their roles in network oscillations. We also discuss recent technological advances and approaches that have permitted high-resolution, subtype-specific examination of their roles in numerous neural circuit disorders and the emerging therapeutic strategies to ameliorate such pathophysiological conditions. The ultimate goal of this review is not only to provide a touchstone for the current state of the field, but to help pave the way for future research by highlighting where gaps in our knowledge exist and how a complete appreciation of their roles will aid in future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Pelkey
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Ramesh Chittajallu
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Michael T Craig
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Tricoire
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Jason C Wester
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Chris J McBain
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Infantile Amnesia: A Critical Period of Learning to Learn and Remember. J Neurosci 2017; 37:5783-5795. [PMID: 28615475 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0324-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile amnesia, the inability of adults to recollect early episodic memories, is associated with the rapid forgetting that occurs in childhood. It has been suggested that infantile amnesia is due to the underdevelopment of the infant brain, which would preclude memory consolidation, or to deficits in memory retrieval. Although early memories are inaccessible to adults, early-life events, such as neglect or aversive experiences, can greatly impact adult behavior and may predispose individuals to various psychopathologies. It remains unclear how a brain that rapidly forgets, or is not yet able to form long-term memories, can exert such a long-lasting and important influence. Here, with a particular focus on the hippocampal memory system, we review the literature and discuss new evidence obtained in rats that illuminates the paradox of infantile amnesia. We propose that infantile amnesia reflects a developmental critical period during which the learning system is learning how to learn and remember.
Collapse
|
70
|
Increasing the GluN2A/GluN2B Ratio in Neurons of the Mouse Basal and Lateral Amygdala Inhibits the Modification of an Existing Fear Memory Trace. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9490-504. [PMID: 27605622 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1743-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reconsolidation updating is a form of memory modification in which an existing memory can become destabilized upon retrieval and subsequently be modified via protein-synthesis-dependent reconsolidation. However, not all memories appear to destabilize upon retrieval and thus are not modifiable via reconsolidation updating approaches and the neurobiological basis for this remains poorly understood. Here, we report that auditory fear memories created with 10 tone-shock pairings are resistant to retrieval-dependent memory destabilization and are associated with an increase in the synaptic GluN2A/GluN2B ratio in neurons of the basal and lateral amygdala (BLA) compared with weaker fear memories created via one or three tone-shock pairings. To increase the GluN2A/GluN2B ratio after learning, we generated a line of mice that expresses an inducible and doxycycline-dependent GFP-GluN2A transgene specifically in α-CaMKII-positive neurons. Our findings indicate that increasing the GluN2A/GluN2B ratio in BLA α-CaMKII-positive neurons after a weak fear memory has consolidated inhibits retrieval-dependent memory destabilization and modification of the fear memory trace. This was associated with a reduction in retrieval-dependent AMPA receptor trafficking, as evidenced by a reduction in retrieval-dependent phosphorylation of GluR1 at serine-845. In addition, we determined that increasing the GluN2A/GluN2B ratio before fear learning significantly impaired long term memory consolidation, whereas short-term memory remained unaltered. An increase in the GluN2A/GluN2B ratio after fear learning had no influence on fear extinction or expression. Our results underscore the importance of NMDAR subunit composition for memory destabilization and suggest a mechanism for why some memories are resistant to modification. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Memory modification using reconsolidation updating is being examined as one of the potential treatment approaches for attenuating maladaptive memories associated with emotional disorders. However, studies have shown that, whereas weak memories can be modified using reconsolidation updating, strong memories can be resistant to this approach. Therefore, treatments targeting the reconsolidation process are unlikely to be clinically effective unless methods are devised to enhance retrieval-dependent memory destabilization. Currently, little is known about the cellular and molecular events that influence the induction of reconsolidation updating. Here, we determined that an increase in the GluN2A/GluN2B ratio interferes with retrieval-dependent memory destabilization and inhibits the initiation of reconsolidation updating.
Collapse
|
71
|
Antioxidant Treatment in Male Mice Prevents Mitochondrial and Synaptic Changes in an NMDA Receptor Dysfunction Model of Schizophrenia. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0081-17. [PMID: 28819639 PMCID: PMC5559903 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0081-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate theories of schizophrenia suggest that the disease is associated with a loss of NMDA receptors, specifically on GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVIs), leading to changes in the excitation-inhibition balance in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Oxidative stress contributes to the loss of PVI and the development of schizophrenia. Here, we investigated whether the glutathione precursor N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) can prevent changes in synaptic transmission at pyramidal cells and PVIs that result from developmental NMDAR blockade and how these changes are related to mitochondrial dysfunction in the PFCs of mice. Perinatal treatment with ketamine induced persistent changes in the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (glutathione disulfide) ratio in the medial PFC, indicating long-lasting increases in oxidative stress. Perinatal ketamine treatment also reduced parvalbumin expression, and it induced a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as elevations in mitochondrial superoxide levels. At the level of synaptic function ketamine reduced inhibition onto layer 2/3 pyramidal cells and increased excitatory drive onto PVI, indicating long-lasting disruptions in the excitation-inhibition balance. These changes were accompanied by layer-specific alterations in NMDAR function in PVIs. All of these changes were mitigated by coadministration of NAC. In addition, NAC given only during late adolescence was also able to restore normal mitochondria function and inhibition at pyramidal cells. These results show that ketamine-induced alterations in PFC physiology correlate with cell type-specific changes in mitochondria function. The ability of NAC to prevent or restore these changes supports the usefulness of antioxidant supplementation in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
72
|
Dysregulated NMDA-Receptor Signaling Inhibits Long-Term Depression in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9817-27. [PMID: 27656021 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3038-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disease. It is one of the leading monogenic causes of intellectual disability among boys with most also displaying autism spectrum disorder traits. Here we investigated the role of NMDA receptors on mGluR-dependent long-term depression (mGluR-LTD), a key biomarker in the disease, at four different developmental stages. First, we applied the mGluR agonist 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine in the absence or presence of the NMDAR blocker, APV, hereby unmasking the NMDAR component in this process. As expected, in the presence of APV, we found more LTD in the mouse KO than in WT. This, however, was only observed in the p30-60 age group. At all other age groups tested, mGluR-LTD was almost identical between KO and WT. Interestingly, at p60, in the absence of APV, no or very little LTD was found in KO that was completely restored by application of APV. This suggests that the underlying cause of the enhanced mGluR-LTD in KO (at p30) is caused by dysregulated NMDAR signaling. To investigate this further, we next used NMDAR-subunit-specific antagonists. Inhibition of GluN2B, but not GluN2A, blocked mGluR-LTD only in WT. This was in contrast in the KO where blocking GluN2B rescued mGluR-LTD, suggesting GluN2B-containing NMDARs in the KO are hyperactive. Thus, these findings suggest strong involvement of GluN2B-containing-NMDARs in the pathophysiology of FXS and highlight a potential path for treatment for the disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is currently no cure for fragile X, although medications targeting specific FXS symptoms do exist. The FXS animal model, the Fmr1 knock-out mouse, has demonstrated an increased mGluR5-mediated long-term depression (LTD) leading to several clinical trials of mGluR5 inhibitors/modulators, yet all have failed. In addition, surprisingly little information exists about the possible role of other ion channels/receptors, including NMDA receptors (NMDAR), in mGluR-LTD. Here we focus on NMDARs and their regulation of mGluR-mediated LTD at different developmental stages using several different NMDAR blockers/antagonists. Our findings suggest dysregulated NMDARs in the pathophysiology of FXS leading to altered mGluR-mediated LTD. Together, these data will help to develop new drug candidates that could lead to reversal of the FXS phenotype.
Collapse
|
73
|
Mikasova L, Xiong H, Kerkhofs A, Bouchet D, Krugers HJ, Groc L. Stress hormone rapidly tunes synaptic NMDA receptor through membrane dynamics and mineralocorticoid signalling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8053. [PMID: 28808323 PMCID: PMC5556050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress hormones, such as corticosteroids, modulate the transmission of hippocampal glutamatergic synapses and NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent synaptic plasticity, favouring salient behavioural responses to the environment. The corticosterone-induced synaptic adaptations partly rely on changes in NMDAR signalling, although the cellular pathway underlying this effect remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate, using single molecule imaging and electrophysiological approaches in hippocampal neurons, that corticosterone specifically controls GluN2B-NMDAR surface dynamics and synaptic content through mineralocorticoid signalling. Strikingly, extracellular corticosterone was sufficient to increase the trapping of GluN2B-NMDAR within synapses. Functionally, corticosterone-induced potentiation of AMPA receptor content in synapses required the changes in NMDAR surface dynamics. These high-resolution imaging data unveiled that, in hippocampal networks, corticosterone is a natural, potent, fast and specific regulator of GluN2B-NMDAR membrane trafficking, tuning NMDAR-dependent synaptic adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Mikasova
- University de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,University de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hui Xiong
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amber Kerkhofs
- University de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,University de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Bouchet
- University de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,University de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Harm J Krugers
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Groc
- University de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. .,University de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Pousinha PA, Mouska X, Raymond EF, Gwizdek C, Dhib G, Poupon G, Zaragosi LE, Giudici C, Bethus I, Pacary E, Willem M, Marie H. Physiological and pathophysiological control of synaptic GluN2B-NMDA receptors by the C-terminal domain of amyloid precursor protein. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28682239 PMCID: PMC5544428 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) harbors physiological roles at synapses and is central to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Evidence suggests that APP intracellular domain (AICD) could regulate synapse function, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We addressed AICD actions at synapses, per se, combining in vivo AICD expression, ex vivo AICD delivery or APP knock-down by in utero electroporation of shRNAs with whole-cell electrophysiology. We report a critical physiological role of AICD in controlling GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs) at immature excitatory synapses, via a transcription-dependent mechanism. We further show that AICD increase in mature neurons, as reported in AD, alters synaptic NMDAR composition to an immature-like GluN2B-rich profile. This disrupts synaptic signal integration, via over-activation of SK channels, and synapse plasticity, phenotypes rescued by GluN2B antagonism. We provide a new physiological role for AICD, which becomes pathological upon AICD increase in mature neurons. Thus, AICD could contribute to AD synaptic failure. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25659.001
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Pousinha
- Team Molecular Mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in health and disease, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Xavier Mouska
- Team Molecular Mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in health and disease, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Elisabeth F Raymond
- Team Molecular Mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in health and disease, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Carole Gwizdek
- Team SUMOylation in neuronal function and dysfunction, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Gihen Dhib
- Team Molecular Mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in health and disease, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Gwenola Poupon
- Team SUMOylation in neuronal function and dysfunction, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Laure-Emmanuelle Zaragosi
- Team Physiological genomics of the eukaryotes, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | | | - Ingrid Bethus
- Team Molecular Mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in health and disease, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Emilie Pacary
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, France et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hélène Marie
- Team Molecular Mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in health and disease, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Ferreira JS, Papouin T, Ladépêche L, Yao A, Langlais VC, Bouchet D, Dulong J, Mothet JP, Sacchi S, Pollegioni L, Paoletti P, Oliet SHR, Groc L. Co-agonists differentially tune GluN2B-NMDA receptor trafficking at hippocampal synapses. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28598327 PMCID: PMC5466419 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The subunit composition of synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDAR), such as the relative content of GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing receptors, greatly influences the glutamate synaptic transmission. Receptor co-agonists, glycine and D-serine, have intriguingly emerged as potential regulators of the receptor trafficking in addition to their requirement for its activation. Using a combination of single-molecule imaging, biochemistry and electrophysiology, we show that glycine and D-serine relative availability at rat hippocampal glutamatergic synapses regulate the trafficking and synaptic content of NMDAR subtypes. Acute manipulations of co-agonist levels, both ex vivo and in vitro, unveil that D-serine alter the membrane dynamics and content of GluN2B-NMDAR, but not GluN2A-NMDAR, at synapses through a process requiring PDZ binding scaffold partners. In addition, using FRET-based FLIM approach, we demonstrate that D-serine rapidly induces a conformational change of the GluN1 subunit intracellular C-terminus domain. Together our data fuels the view that the extracellular microenvironment regulates synaptic NMDAR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroSciences, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Papouin
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,NSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Ladépêche
- Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroSciences, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Andrea Yao
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, France
| | - Valentin C Langlais
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,NSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Bouchet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroSciences, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme Dulong
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,NSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Silvia Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy.,The Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche, Politecnico di Milano, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy.,The Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche, Politecnico di Milano, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurent Groc
- Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroSciences, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Aberrant Network Activity in Schizophrenia. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:371-382. [PMID: 28515010 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain dynamic changes associated with schizophrenia are largely equivocal, with interpretation complicated by many factors, such as the presence of therapeutic agents and the complex nature of the syndrome itself. Evidence for a brain-wide change in individual network oscillations, shared by all patients, is largely equivocal, but stronger for lower (delta) than for higher (gamma) bands. However, region-specific changes in rhythms across multiple, interdependent, nested frequencies may correlate better with pathology. Changes in synaptic excitation and inhibition in schizophrenia disrupt delta rhythm-mediated cortico-cortical communication, while enhancing thalamocortical communication in this frequency band. The contrasting relationships between delta and higher frequencies in thalamus and cortex generate frequency mismatches in inter-regional connectivity, leading to a disruption in temporal communication between higher-order brain regions associated with mental time travel.
Collapse
|
77
|
Goff DC. D-cycloserine in Schizophrenia: New Strategies for Improving Clinical Outcomes by Enhancing Plasticity. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:21-34. [PMID: 26915421 PMCID: PMC5327448 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160225154812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling is strongly implicated in schizophrenia. Based on the ketamine model of NMDA receptor hypoactivity, therapeutic approaches designed to maintain a sustained increase in agonist activity at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor have produced promising, although inconsistent, efficacy for negative symptoms. Methods A review of the published literature on D-cycloserine (DCS) pharmacology in animal models and in clinical studies was performed. Findings relevant to DCS effects on memory and plasticity and their potential clinical application to schizophrenia were summarized. Results Studies in animals and clinical trials in patients with anxiety disorders have demonstrated that single or intermittent dosing with DCS enhances memory consolidation. Preliminary trials in patients with schizophrenia suggest that intermittent dosing with DCS may produce persistent improvement of negative symptoms and enhance learning when combined with cognitive behavioral therapy for delusions or with cognitive remediation. The pharmacology of DCS is complex, since it acts as a “super agonist” at NMDA receptors containing GluN2C subunits and, under certain conditions, it may act as an antagonist at NMDA receptors containing GluN2B subunits. Conclusions There are preliminary findings that support a role for D-cycloserine in schizophrenia as a strategy to enhance neuroplasticity and memory. However, additional studies with DCS are needed to confirm these findings. In addition, clinical trials with positive and negative allosteric modulators with greater specificity for NMDA receptor subtypes are needed to identify the optimal strategy for enhancing neuroplasticity in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald C Goff
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, NYU School of Medicine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Fitzjohn S, Bashir Z, Farrow P. Group I mGluR Induced LTD of NMDAR-synaptic Transmission at the Schaffer Collateral but not Temperoammonic Input to CA1. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:435-40. [PMID: 27296639 PMCID: PMC4983758 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150615221502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors are composed of multiple subunits and are crucial in the induction of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. In this study, application of the group I mGlu receptor agonist, DHPG, caused LTD of NMDA-EPSCs (DHPG-LTDNMDA) of the Schaffer collateral, but not of NMDA-EPSCs of the temperoammonic pathway onto CA1 neurons of the hippocampus. DHPGLTDNMDA did not alter the sensitivity of NMDA-EPSC to the GluN2B-antagonist, Ro25-6981, indicating that the postsynaptic NMDA receptor subunit composition remained unchanged following DHPG-LTDNMDA. Furthermore, blockade of GluN2B receptors did not affect the induction of DHPG-LTDNMDA. These results demonstrate a difference in the plasticity of NMDA receptors between two synapses onto the same CA1 neuron, but indicate that the subunit composition of NMDA receptors does not account for this difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Farrow
- Ipsen Bioinnovation Ltd. 4-10 The Quadrant, Barton Lane, Abingdon, OX14 3YS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Ballesteros JJ, Buschler A, Köhr G, Manahan-Vaughan D. Afferent Input Selects NMDA Receptor Subtype to Determine the Persistency of Hippocampal LTP in Freely Behaving Mice. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:33. [PMID: 27818632 PMCID: PMC5073893 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is critically involved in many forms of hippocampus-dependent memory that may be enabled by synaptic plasticity. Behavioral studies with NMDAR antagonists and NMDAR subunit (GluN2) mutants revealed distinct contributions from GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDARs to rapidly and slowly acquired memory performance. Furthermore, studies of synaptic plasticity, in genetically modified mice in vitro, suggest that GluN2A and GluN2B may contribute in different ways to the induction and longevity of synaptic plasticity. In contrast to the hippocampal slice preparation, in behaving mice, the afferent frequencies that induce synaptic plasticity are very restricted and specific. In fact, it is the stimulus pattern and not variations in afferent frequency that determine the longevity of long-term potentiation (LTP) in vivo. Here, we explored the contribution of GluN2A and GluN2B to LTP of differing magnitudes and persistence in freely behaving mice. We applied differing high-frequency stimulation (HFS) patterns at 100 Hz to the hippocampal CA1 region, to induce NMDAR-dependent LTP in wild-type (WT) mice, that endured for <1 h (early (E)-LTP), (LTP, 2–4 h) or >24 h (late (L)-LTP). In GluN2A-knockout (KO) mice, E-LTP (HFS, 50 pulses) was significantly reduced in magnitude and duration, whereas LTP (HFS, 2 × 50 pulses) and L-LTP (HFS, 4 × 50 pulses) were unaffected compared to responses in WT animals. By contrast, pharmacological antagonism of GluN2B in WT had no effect on E-LTP but significantly prevented LTP. E-LTP and LTP were significantly impaired by GluN2B antagonism in GluN2A-KO mice. These data indicate that the pattern of afferent stimulation is decisive for the recruitment of distinct GluN2A and GluN2B signaling pathways that in turn determine the persistency of hippocampal LTP. Whereas brief bursts of patterned stimulation preferentially recruit GluN2A and lead to weak and short-lived forms of LTP, prolonged, more intense, afferent activation recruits GluN2B and leads to robust and persistent LTP. These unique signal-response properties of GluN2A and GluN2B enable qualitative differentiation of information encoding in hippocampal synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús J Ballesteros
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Buschler
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Köhr
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Lum JS, Fernandez F, Matosin N, Andrews JL, Huang XF, Ooi L, Newell KA. Neurodevelopmental Expression Profile of Dimeric and Monomeric Group 1 mGluRs: Relevance to Schizophrenia Pathogenesis and Treatment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34391. [PMID: 27721389 PMCID: PMC5056358 DOI: 10.1038/srep34391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/mGluR5) play an integral role in neurodevelopment and are implicated in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. mGluR1 and mGluR5 are expressed as homodimers, which is important for their functionality and pharmacology. We examined the protein expression of dimeric and monomeric mGluR1α and mGluR5 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus throughout development (juvenile/adolescence/adulthood) and in the perinatal phencyclidine (PCP) model of schizophrenia. Under control conditions, mGluR1α dimer expression increased between juvenile and adolescence (209-328%), while monomeric levels remained consistent. Dimeric mGluR5 was steadily expressed across all time points; monomeric mGluR5 was present in juveniles, dramatically declining at adolescence and adulthood (-97-99%). The mGluR regulators, Homer 1b/c and Norbin, significantly increased with age in the PFC and hippocampus. Perinatal PCP treatment significantly increased juvenile dimeric mGluR5 levels in the PFC and hippocampus (37-50%) but decreased hippocampal mGluR1α (-50-56%). Perinatal PCP treatment also reduced mGluR1α dimer levels in the PFC at adulthood (-31%). These results suggest that Group 1 mGluRs have distinct dimeric and monomeric neurodevelopmental patterns, which may impact their pharmacological profiles at specific ages. Perinatal PCP treatment disrupted the early expression of Group 1 mGluRs which may underlie neurodevelopmental alterations observed in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S. Lum
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Francesca Fernandez
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010 Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Natalie Matosin
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010 Australia
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10 Munich Germany
| | - Jessica L. Andrews
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Kelly A. Newell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Akgül G, McBain CJ. Diverse roles for ionotropic glutamate receptors on inhibitory interneurons in developing and adult brain. J Physiol 2016; 594:5471-90. [PMID: 26918438 PMCID: PMC5043048 DOI: 10.1113/jp271764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate receptor-mediated recruitment of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons is a critical determinant of network processing. Early studies observed that many, but not all, interneuron glutamatergic synapses contain AMPA receptors that are GluA2-subunit lacking and Ca(2+) permeable, making them distinct from AMPA receptors at most principal cell synapses. Subsequent studies demonstrated considerable alignment of synaptic AMPA and NMDA receptor subunit composition within specific subtypes of interneurons, suggesting that both receptor expression profiles are developmentally and functionally linked. Indeed glutamate receptor expression profiles are largely predicted by the embryonic origins of cortical interneurons within the medial and caudal ganglionic eminences of the developing telencephalon. Distinct complements of AMPA and NMDA receptors within different interneuron subpopulations contribute to the differential recruitment of functionally divergent interneuron subtypes by common afferent inputs for appropriate feed-forward and feedback inhibitory drive and network entrainment. In contrast, the lesser-studied kainate receptors, which are often present at both pre- and postsynaptic sites, appear to follow an independent developmental expression profile. Loss of specific ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) subunits during interneuron development has dramatic consequences for both cellular and network function, often precipitating circuit inhibition-excitation imbalances and in some cases lethality. Here we briefly review recent findings highlighting the roles of iGluRs in interneuron development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülcan Akgül
- Porter Neuroscience Research Centre, Rm3C903, Lincoln Drive, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chris J McBain
- Porter Neuroscience Research Centre, Rm3C903, Lincoln Drive, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Travaglia A, Bisaz R, Sweet ES, Blitzer RD, Alberini CM. Infantile amnesia reflects a developmental critical period for hippocampal learning. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1225-33. [PMID: 27428652 PMCID: PMC5003643 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memories formed during the first postnatal period are rapidly forgotten, a phenomenon known as 'infantile amnesia'. In spite of this memory loss, early experiences influence adult behavior, raising the question of which mechanisms underlie infantile memories and amnesia. Here we show that in rats an experience learned during the infantile amnesia period is stored as a latent memory trace for a long time; indeed, a later reminder reinstates a robust, context-specific and long-lasting memory. The formation and storage of this latent memory requires the hippocampus, follows a sharp temporal boundary and occurs through mechanisms typical of developmental critical periods, including the expression switch of the NMDA receptor subunits from 2B to 2A, which is dependent on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Activating BDNF or mGluR5 after training rescues the infantile amnesia. Thus, early episodic memories are not lost but remain stored long term. These data suggest that the hippocampus undergoes a developmental critical period to become functionally competent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Travaglia
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, 10003 NY, USA
| | - Reto Bisaz
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, 10003 NY, USA
| | - Eric S. Sweet
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Robert D. Blitzer
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Ueno M, Okamura T, Mishina M, Ishizaka Y. Modulation of long interspersed nuclear element-1 in the mouse hippocampus during maturation. Mob Genet Elements 2016; 6:e1211980. [PMID: 27583186 DOI: 10.1080/2159256x.2016.1211980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrotransposition of long interspersed nuclear element-1 (L1-RTP) is proposed to contribute to central nervous system (CNS) plasticity by inducing mosaicism of neuronal cells. Clinical studies have identified increased L1 copy numbers in the brains of patients with psychiatric disorders. These observations implicate that L1-RTP is important for neurogenesis and that its deregulation represents a risk factor for mental disorders. However, no supportive evidence is available for understanding the importance of L1-RTP in CNS function. FINDINGS To explore the physiological role of L1-RTP in CNS, we examined the L1 copy number during maturation. Interestingly, the L1 copy number increased after birth in the mouse hippocampus, but not the frontal lobe, with maximal copy numbers found in 8-week-old mice. This age-dependent L1 increase was abolished by administration of a reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, stavudine (d4T), which showed no toxic effects. Notably, the age-dependent L1 increase was attenuated by post-weaning social isolation (SI) stress, a well-known intervention for inducing psychiatric disorders in mice, or deletion of the NR2A gene that encodes a subunit of the glutamate receptor. Moreover, the negative effects of SI stress on L1-RTP were partially restored by environmental enrichment with voluntary running, but not by fluoxetine, a commonly used anti-psychiatric drug. Finally, behavioral experiments revealed that learning memory was defective in d4T-treated mice, which was similarly observed in mice raised under SI stress. CONCLUSION We detected the modulation of L1-RTP in the hippocampus during maturation of the CNS. In a recent study, we demonstrated that stimulants such as methamphetamine and cocaine were active in the induction of L1-RTP in neuronal cells, and previous studies have shown that NR2A-deficient mice are susceptible to mental abnormality. Herein, our data support the notion that the age-dependent modulation of L1-RTP is involved in genome differentiation in the hippocampus, and that modulation defects are linked to the development of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Ueno
- Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Section of Animal Models, Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Mishina
- Brain Science Laboratory, The Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yukihito Ishizaka
- Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGlu5, regulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity and is required for tetanisation-triggered changes in theta and gamma oscillations. Neuropharmacology 2016; 115:20-29. [PMID: 27395786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal synaptic plasticity and learning are regulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu) and particularly by mGlu5. In the hippocampus, synaptic plasticity is tightly linked to neuronal network oscillations in theta (5-10 Hz) and gamma (∼30-100 Hz) frequency ranges, and specific changes in theta and gamma spectral power can predict for the success of patterned afferent stimulation in inducing robust long-term potentiation (LTP). In this study, we hypothesized that activation of mGlu5 mediates tetanisation-driven changes in network oscillations and thereby determines the longevity of LTP. To explore this, we applied high-frequency stimulation (HFS) to the perforant path input to the dentate gyrus (DG), in the presence of the negative allosteric modulator, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), or the positive allosteric modulator (S)-(4-fluorophenyl)-[3-(3-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl)]methanone (ADX47273). In freely behaving rats, administration of MPEP resulted in a significant impairment, whereas treatment with ADX47273 led to a significant enhancement, of LTP (>24 h) compared to vehicle-treated controls. Allosteric potentiation of mGlu5 also resulted in a significantly greater increase of the spectral power of theta and gamma oscillations within the period of 300 s after HFS, as compared to MPEP-treated animals or controls. Our findings show that the regulation of hippocampal LTP by mGlu5 is associated with modulation of network oscillatory activity in the period shortly after LTP induction. Taken together, these data demonstrate that changes in the spectral contents of local field activity that occur in response to patterned afferent stimulation require activation of mGlu5 and may be instrumental for the successful expression of persistent LTP. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, 5 years on'.
Collapse
|
85
|
Suryavanshi PS, Gupta SC, Yadav R, Kesherwani V, Liu J, Dravid SM. Glutamate Delta-1 Receptor Regulates Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Signaling in the Hippocampus. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:96-105. [PMID: 27231330 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The delta family of ionotropic glutamate receptors consists of glutamate delta-1 (GluD1) and glutamate delta-2 receptors. We have previously shown that GluD1 knockout mice exhibit features of developmental delay, including impaired spine pruning and switch in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit, which are relevant to autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we identified a novel role of GluD1 in regulating metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) signaling in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated colocalization of mGlu5 with GluD1 punctas in the hippocampus. Additionally, GluD1 protein coimmunoprecipitated with mGlu5 in the hippocampal membrane fraction, as well as when overexpressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, demonstrating that GluD1 and mGlu5 may cooperate in a signaling complex. The interaction of mGlu5 with scaffold protein effector Homer, which regulates mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, was abnormal both under basal conditions and in response to mGlu1/5 agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) in GluD1 knockout mice. The basal levels of phosphorylated mTOR and protein kinase B, the signaling proteins downstream of mGlu5 activation, were higher in GluD1 knockout mice, and no further increase was induced by DHPG. We also observed higher basal protein translation and an absence of DHPG-induced increase in GluD1 knockout mice. In accordance with a role of mGlu5-mediated mTOR signaling in synaptic plasticity, DHPG-induced internalization of surface α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunits was impaired in the GluD1 knockout mice. These results demonstrate that GluD1 interacts with mGlu5, and loss of GluD1 impairs normal mGlu5 signaling potentially by dysregulating coupling to its effector. These studies identify a novel role of the enigmatic GluD1 subunit in hippocampal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhash C Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Roopali Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Varun Kesherwani
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jinxu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Sinclair D, Cesare J, McMullen M, Carlson GC, Hahn CG, Borgmann-Winter KE. Effects of sex and DTNBP1 (dysbindin) null gene mutation on the developmental GluN2B-GluN2A switch in the mouse cortex and hippocampus. J Neurodev Disord 2016; 8:14. [PMID: 27134685 PMCID: PMC4852102 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia differentially impact males and females and are highly heritable. The ways in which sex and genetic vulnerability influence the pathogenesis of these disorders are not clearly understood. The n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor pathway has been implicated in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders and changes dramatically across postnatal development at the level of the GluN2B-GluN2A subunit "switch" (a shift from reliance on GluN2B-containing receptors to reliance on GluN2A-containing receptors). We investigated whether sex and genetic vulnerability (specifically, null mutation of DTNBP1 [dysbindin; a possible susceptibility gene for schizophrenia]) influence the developmental GluN2B-GluN2A switch. METHODS Subcellular fractionation to enrich for postsynaptic density (PSD), together with Western blotting and kinase assay, were used to investigate the GluN2B-GluN2A switch in the cortex and hippocampus of male and female DTNBP1 null mutant mice and their wild-type littermates. Main effects of sex and DTNBP1 genotype, and interactions with age, were assessed using factorial ANOVA. RESULTS Sex differences in the GluN2B-GluN2A switch emerged across development at the frontal cortical synapse, in parameters related to GluN2B. Males across genotypes displayed higher GluN2B:GluN2A and GluN2B:GluN1 ratios (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), higher GluN2B phosphorylation at Y1472 (p < 0.01), and greater abundance of PLCγ (p < 0.01) and Fyn (p = 0.055) relative to females. In contrast, effects of DTNBP1 were evident exclusively in the hippocampus. The developmental trajectory of GluN2B was disrupted in DTNBP1 null mice (genotype × age interaction p < 0.05), which also displayed an increased synaptic GluN2A:GluN1 ratio (p < 0.05) and decreased PLCγ (p < 0.05) and Fyn (only in females; p < 0.0005) compared to wild-types. CONCLUSIONS Sex and DTNBP1 mutation influence the GluN2B-GluN2A switch at the synapse in a brain-region-specific fashion involving pY1472-GluN2B, Fyn, and PLCγ. This highlights the possible mechanisms through which risk factors may mediate their effects on vulnerability to disorders of NMDA receptor dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Sinclair
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Signaling Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ; Present address: Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales Australia
| | - Joseph Cesare
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Signaling Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | | | - Chang-Gyu Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Signaling Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Karin E Borgmann-Winter
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Signaling Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Mishra N, Kouzmitcheva E, Orsino A, Minassian BA. Chromosome 12p Deletion Spanning the GRIN2B Gene Presenting With a Neurodevelopmental Phenotype: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Child Neurol Open 2016; 3:2329048X16629980. [PMID: 28503605 PMCID: PMC5417284 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x16629980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The GRIN2B (glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-d-aspartate 2B) gene, located in the short arm of chromosome 12, encoding the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, has recently been recognized to play an important role in corticogenesis and brain plasticity. Deletions in the short arm of chromosome 12 are rare. Hemizygous loss of function of the GRIN2B gene results in developmental delay, whereas gain of function leads to epilepsy, and infantile spasms in particular. In addition, GRIN2B variants have been associated with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Here the authors report a child with global developmental delay, autistic behavioural features, central hypotonia, dysmorphic features and isolated congenital anomalies of the fingers and toes, and a de novo heterozygous deletion in chromosome locus 12p13.2-p13.1, involving loss of several genes, including GRIN2B. This report and our review of the literature help clarify the distinct phenotypes associated with loss or gain of GRIN2B function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navin Mishra
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Elizabeth Kouzmitcheva
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital For Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Orsino
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Paediatrics, Holland Bloorview Kid's Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital For Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
The Functional and Molecular Properties, Physiological Functions, and Pathophysiological Roles of GluN2A in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1008-1021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
89
|
Metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling is required for NMDA receptor-dependent ocular dominance plasticity and LTD in visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12852-7. [PMID: 26417096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512878112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A feature of early postnatal neocortical development is a transient peak in signaling via metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). In visual cortex, this change coincides with increased sensitivity of excitatory synapses to monocular deprivation (MD). However, loss of visual responsiveness after MD occurs via mechanisms revealed by the study of long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission, which in layer 4 is induced by acute activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) rather than mGluR5. Here we report that chronic postnatal down-regulation of mGluR5 signaling produces coordinated impairments in both NMDAR-dependent LTD in vitro and ocular dominance plasticity in vivo. The data suggest that ongoing mGluR5 signaling during a critical period of postnatal development establishes the biochemical conditions that are permissive for activity-dependent sculpting of excitatory synapses via the mechanism of NMDAR-dependent LTD.
Collapse
|
90
|
Banks PJ, Burroughs AC, Barker GRI, Brown JT, Warburton EC, Bashir ZI. Disruption of hippocampal-prefrontal cortex activity by dopamine D2R-dependent LTD of NMDAR transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:11096-101. [PMID: 26286993 PMCID: PMC4568284 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512064112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) is essential for associative recognition memory and working memory. Disruption of hippocampal-PFC synchrony occurs in schizophrenia, which is characterized by hypofunction of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated transmission. We demonstrate that activity of dopamine D2-like receptors (D2Rs) leads selectively to long-term depression (LTD) of hippocampal-PFC NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission. We show that dopamine-dependent LTD of NMDAR-mediated transmission profoundly disrupts normal synaptic transmission between hippocampus and PFC. These results show how dopaminergic activation induces long-term hypofunction of NMDARs, which can contribute to disordered functional connectivity, a characteristic that is a hallmark of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul James Banks
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jon Thomas Brown
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX4 4PS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zafar Iqbal Bashir
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Burrows EL, McOmish CE, Buret LS, Van den Buuse M, Hannan AJ. Environmental Enrichment Ameliorates Behavioral Impairments Modeling Schizophrenia in Mice Lacking Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1947-56. [PMID: 25666312 PMCID: PMC4839518 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia arises from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Abnormalities in glutamatergic signaling have been proposed to underlie the emergence of symptoms, in light of various lines of evidence, including the psychotomimetic effects of NMDA receptor antagonists. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) has also been implicated in the disorder, and has been shown to physically interact with NMDA receptors. To clarify the role of mGlu5-dependent behavioral expression by environmental factors, we assessed mGlu5 knockout (KO) mice after exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) or reared under standard conditions. The mGlu5 KO mice showed reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI), long-term memory deficits, and spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity, which were all attenuated by EE. Examining the cellular impact of genetic and environmental manipulation, we show that EE significantly increased pyramidal cell dendritic branching and BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus of wild-type mice; however, mGlu5 KO mice were resistant to these alterations, suggesting that mGlu5 is critical to these responses. A selective effect of EE on the behavioral response to the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 in mGlu5 KO mice was seen. MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion was further potentiated in enriched mGlu5 KO mice and treatment with MK-801 reinstated PPI disruption in EE mGlu5 KO mice only, a response that is absent under standard housing conditions. Together, these results demonstrate an important role for mGlu5 in environmental modulation of schizophrenia-related behavioral impairments. Furthermore, this role of the mGlu5 receptor is mediated by interaction with NMDA receptor function, which may inform development of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Burrows
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Caitlin E McOmish
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Laetitia S Buret
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Maarten Van den Buuse
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia, Tel: +61 3 9035 6638, Fax: +61 3 9348 1707, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Zhang XM, Yan XY, Zhang B, Yang Q, Ye M, Cao W, Qiang WB, Zhu LJ, Du YL, Xu XX, Wang JS, Xu F, Lu W, Qiu S, Yang W, Luo JH. Activity-induced synaptic delivery of the GluN2A-containing NMDA receptor is dependent on endoplasmic reticulum chaperone Bip and involved in fear memory. Cell Res 2015; 25:818-36. [PMID: 26088419 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in adult forebrain is a heterotetramer mainly composed of two GluN1 subunits and two GluN2A and/or GluN2B subunits. The synaptic expression and relative numbers of GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDARs play critical roles in controlling Ca(2+)-dependent signaling and synaptic plasticity. Previous studies have suggested that the synaptic trafficking of NMDAR subtypes is differentially regulated, but the precise molecular mechanism is not yet clear. In this study, we demonstrated that Bip, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, selectively interacted with GluN2A and mediated the neuronal activity-induced assembly and synaptic incorporation of the GluN2A-containing NMDAR from dendritic ER. Furthermore, the GluN2A-specific synaptic trafficking was effectively disrupted by peptides interrupting the interaction between Bip and GluN2A. Interestingly, fear conditioning in mice was disrupted by intraperitoneal injection of the interfering peptide before training. In summary, we have uncovered a novel mechanism for the activity-dependent supply of synaptic GluN2A-containing NMDARs, and demonstrated its relevance to memory formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-min Zhang
- 1] Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China [2] Department of Physiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xun-yi Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wen-bin Qiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li-jun Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yong-lan Du
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xing-xing Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jia-sheng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease (Ministry of Education of China), Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jian-hong Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Kumar A, Dhull DK, Mishra PS. Therapeutic potential of mGluR5 targeting in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:215. [PMID: 26106290 PMCID: PMC4460345 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research dedicated toward Alzheimer's disease (AD) has culminated in much of the current understanding of the neurodegeneration associated with disease. However, delineating the pathophysiology and finding a possible cure for the disease is still wanting. This is in part due to the lack of knowledge pertaining to the connecting link between neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathways. Consequently, the inefficacy and ill-effects of the drugs currently available for AD encourage the need for alternative and safe therapeutic intervention. In this review we highlight the potential of mGluR5, a metabotropic glutamatergic receptor, in understanding the mechanism underlying the neuronal death and neuroinflammation in AD. We also discuss the role of mGlu5 receptor in mediating the neuron-glia interaction in the disease. Finally, we discuss the potential of mGluR5 as target for treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Dinesh K Dhull
- UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Pooja S Mishra
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Smith RF, McDonald CG, Bergstrom HC, Ehlinger DG, Brielmaier JM. Adolescent nicotine induces persisting changes in development of neural connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:432-43. [PMID: 26048001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent nicotine induces persisting changes in development of neural connectivity. A large number of brain changes occur during adolescence as the CNS matures. These changes suggest that the adolescent brain may still be susceptible to developmental alterations by substances which impact its growth. Here we review recent studies on adolescent nicotine which show that the adolescent brain is differentially sensitive to nicotine-induced alterations in dendritic elaboration, in several brain areas associated with processing reinforcement and emotion, specifically including nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and dentate gyrus. Both sensitivity to nicotine, and specific areas responding to nicotine, differ between adolescent and adult rats, and dendritic changes in response to adolescent nicotine persist into adulthood. Areas sensitive to, and not sensitive to, structural remodeling induced by adolescent nicotine suggest that the remodeling generally corresponds to the extended amygdala. Evidence suggests that dendritic remodeling is accompanied by persisting changes in synaptic connectivity. Modeling, electrophysiological, neurochemical, and behavioral data are consistent with the implication of our anatomical studies showing that adolescent nicotine induces persisting changes in neural connectivity. Emerging data thus suggest that early adolescence is a period when nicotine consumption, presumably mediated by nicotine-elicited changes in patterns of synaptic activity, can sculpt late brain development, with consequent effects on synaptic interconnection patterns and behavior regulation. Adolescent nicotine may induce a more addiction-prone phenotype, and the structures altered by nicotine also subserve some emotional and cognitive functions, which may also be altered. We suggest that dendritic elaboration and associated changes are mediated by activity-dependent synaptogenesis, acting in part through D1DR receptors, in a network activated by nicotine. The adolescent nicotine effects reviewed here suggest that modification of late CNS development constitutes a hazard of adolescent nicotine use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Smith
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, MSN 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Craig G McDonald
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, MSN 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Hadley C Bergstrom
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 3625 Fishers Lane Room 2N09, Rockville, MD 20814, USA
| | - Daniel G Ehlinger
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Early-life lead exposure recapitulates the selective loss of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and subcortical dopamine system hyperactivity present in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e522. [PMID: 25756805 PMCID: PMC4354343 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors have been associated with psychiatric disorders and recent epidemiological studies suggest an association between prenatal lead (Pb(2+)) exposure and schizophrenia (SZ). Pb(2+) is a potent antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and converging evidence indicates that NMDAR hypofunction has a key role in the pathophysiology of SZ. The glutamatergic hypothesis of SZ posits that NMDAR hypofunction results in the loss of parvalbumin (PV)-positive GABAergic interneurons (PVGI) in the brain. Loss of PVGI inhibitory control to pyramidal cells alters the excitatory drive to midbrain dopamine neurons increasing subcortical dopaminergic activity. We hypothesized that if Pb(2+) exposure in early life is an environmental risk factor for SZ, it should recapitulate the loss of PVGI and reproduce subcortical dopaminergic hyperactivity. We report that on postnatal day 50 (PN50), adolescence rats chronically exposed to Pb(2+) from gestation through adolescence exhibit loss of PVGI in SZ-relevant brain regions. PV and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 kDa (GAD67) protein were significantly decreased in Pb(2+) exposed rats with no apparent change in calretinin or calbindin protein levels suggesting a selective effect on the PV phenotype of GABAergic interneurons. We also show that Pb(2+) animals exhibit a heightened locomotor response to cocaine and express significantly higher levels of dopamine metabolites and D2-dopamine receptors relative to controls indicative of subcortical dopaminergic hyperactivity. Our results show that developmental Pb(2+) exposure reproduces specific neuropathology and functional dopamine system changes present in SZ. We propose that exposure to environmental toxins that produce NMDAR hypofunction during critical periods of brain development may contribute significantly to the etiology of mental disorders.
Collapse
|
96
|
Holehonnur R, Lella SK, Ho A, Luong JA, Ploski JE. The production of viral vectors designed to express large and difficult to express transgenes within neurons. Mol Brain 2015; 8:12. [PMID: 25887710 PMCID: PMC4359567 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral vectors are frequently used to deliver and direct expression of transgenes in a spatially and temporally restricted manner within the nervous system of numerous model organisms. Despite the common use of viral vectors to direct ectopic expression of transgenes within the nervous system, creating high titer viral vectors that are capable of expressing very large transgenes or difficult to express transgenes imposes unique challenges. Here we describe the development of adeno-associated viruses (AAV) and lentiviruses designed to express the large and difficult to express GluN2A or GluN2B subunits of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) receptor, specifically within neurons. RESULTS We created a number of custom designed AAV and lentiviral vectors that were optimized for large transgenes, by minimizing DNA sequences that were not essential, utilizing short promoter sequences of 8 widely used promoters (RSV, EFS, TRE3G, 0.4αCaMKII, 1.3αCaMKII, 0.5Synapsin, 1.1Synapsin and CMV) and utilizing a very short (~75 bps) 3' untranslated sequence. Not surprisingly these promoters differed in their ability to express the GluN2 subunits, however surprisingly we found that the neuron specific synapsin and αCaMKII, promoters were incapable of conferring detectable expression of full length GluN2 subunits and detectable expression could only be achieved from these promoters if the transgene included an intron or if the GluN2 subunit transgenes were truncated to only include the coding regions of the GluN2 transmembrane domains. CONCLUSIONS We determined that viral packaging limit, transgene promoter and the presence of an intron within the transgene were all important factors that contributed to being able to successfully develop viral vectors designed to deliver and express GluN2 transgenes in a neuron specific manner. Because these vectors have been optimized to accommodate large open reading frames and in some cases contain an intron to facilitate expression of difficult to express transgenes, these viral vectors likely could be useful for delivering and expressing many large or difficult to express transgenes in a neuron specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roopashri Holehonnur
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and the Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| | - Srihari K Lella
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and the Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| | - Anthony Ho
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and the Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Luong
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and the Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| | - Jonathan E Ploski
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and the Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Wei Z, Behrman B, Wu WH, Chen BS. Subunit-specific regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor trafficking by SAP102 protein splice variants. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5105-5116. [PMID: 25555912 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.599969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102) is a scaffolding protein abundantly expressed early in development that mediates glutamate receptor trafficking during synaptogenesis. Mutations in human SAP102 have been reported to cause intellectual disability, which is consistent with its important role during early postnatal development. SAP102 contains PDZ, SH3, and guanylate kinase (GK)-like domains, which mediate specific protein-protein interactions. SAP102 binds directly to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), anchors receptors at synapses, and facilitates transduction of NMDAR signals. Proper localization of SAP102 at the postsynaptic density is essential to these functions. However, how SAP102 is targeted to synapses is unclear. In the current study we find that synaptic localization of SAP102 is regulated by alternative splicing. The SAP102 splice variant that possesses a C-terminal insert (I2) between the SH3 and GK domains is highly enriched at dendritic spines. We also show that there is an intramolecular interaction between the SH3 and GK domains in SAP102 but that the I2 splicing does not influence SH3-GK interaction. Previously, we have shown that SAP102 expression promotes spine lengthening. We now find that the spine lengthening effect is independent of the C-terminal alternative splicing of SAP102. In addition, expression of I2-containing SAP102 isoforms is regulated developmentally. Knockdown of endogenous I2-containing SAP102 isoforms differentially affect NMDAR surface expression in a subunit-specific manner. These data shed new light on the role of SAP102 in the regulation of NMDAR trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wei
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Blake Behrman
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Bo-Shiun Chen
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Jeevakumar V, Kroener S. Ketamine Administration During the Second Postnatal Week Alters Synaptic Properties of Fast-Spiking Interneurons in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Adult Mice. Cereb Cortex 2014; 26:1117-29. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
|
99
|
Horak M, Petralia RS, Kaniakova M, Sans N. ER to synapse trafficking of NMDA receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:394. [PMID: 25505872 PMCID: PMC4245912 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. There are three distinct subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs) that have been identified including 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid receptors (AMPARs), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and kainate receptors. The most common GluRs in mature synapses are AMPARs that mediate the fast excitatory neurotransmission and NMDARs that mediate the slow excitatory neurotransmission. There have been large numbers of recent reports studying how a single neuron regulates synaptic numbers and types of AMPARs and NMDARs. Our current research is centered primarily on NMDARs and, therefore, we will focus in this review on recent knowledge of molecular mechanisms occurring (1) early in the biosynthetic pathway of NMDARs, (2) in the transport of NMDARs after their release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); and (3) at the plasma membrane including excitatory synapses. Because a growing body of evidence also indicates that abnormalities in NMDAR functioning are associated with a number of human psychiatric and neurological diseases, this review together with other chapters in this issue may help to enhance research and to gain further knowledge of normal synaptic physiology as well as of the etiology of many human brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Horak
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i. Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i. Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nathalie Sans
- Neurocentre Magendie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U862 Bordeaux, France ; Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, U862 Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Loerwald KW, Patel AB, Huber KM, Gibson JR. Postsynaptic mGluR5 promotes evoked AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission onto neocortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons during development. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:786-95. [PMID: 25392167 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00465.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Both short- and long-term roles for the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor number 5 (mGluR5) have been examined for the regulation of cortical glutamatergic synapses. However, how mGluR5 sculpts neocortical networks during development still remains unclear. Using a single cell deletion strategy, we examined how mGluR5 regulates glutamatergic synaptic pathways in neocortical layer 2/3 (L2/3) during development. Electrophysiological measurements were made in acutely prepared slices to obtain a functional understanding of the effects stemming from loss of mGluR5 in vivo. Loss of postsynaptic mGluR5 results in an increase in the frequency of action potential-independent synaptic events but, paradoxically, results in a decrease in evoked transmission in two separate synaptic pathways providing input to the same pyramidal neurons. Synaptic transmission through α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, but not N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, is specifically decreased. In the local L2/3 pathway, the decrease in evoked transmission appears to be largely due to a decrease in cell-to-cell connectivity and not in the strength of individual cell-to-cell connections. This decrease in evoked transmission correlates with a decrease in the total dendritic length in a region of the dendritic arbor that likely receives substantial input from these two pathways, thereby suggesting a morphological correlate to functional alterations. These changes are accompanied by an increase in intrinsic membrane excitability. Our data indicate that total mGluR5 function, incorporating both short- and long-term processes, promotes the strengthening of AMPA receptor-mediated transmission in multiple neocortical pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer W Loerwald
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ankur B Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kimberly M Huber
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jay R Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|