51
|
Developmental Regulation of Homeostatic Plasticity in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9891-9905. [PMID: 34686546 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1200-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity maintains network stability by adjusting excitation, inhibition, or the intrinsic excitability of neurons, but the developmental regulation and coordination of these distinct forms of homeostatic plasticity remains poorly understood. A major contributor to this information gap is the lack of a uniform paradigm for chronically manipulating activity at different developmental stages. To overcome this limitation, we used designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) to directly suppress neuronal activity in layer2/3 (L2/3) of mouse primary visual cortex of either sex at two important developmental timepoints: the classic visual system critical period [CP; postnatal day 24 (P24) to P29], and adulthood (P45 to P55). We show that 24 h of DREADD-mediated activity suppression simultaneously induces excitatory synaptic scaling up and intrinsic homeostatic plasticity in L2/3 pyramidal neurons during the CP, consistent with previous observations using prolonged visual deprivation. Importantly, manipulations known to block these forms of homeostatic plasticity when induced pharmacologically or via visual deprivation also prevented DREADD-induced homeostatic plasticity. We next used the same paradigm to suppress activity in adult animals. Surprisingly, while excitatory synaptic scaling persisted into adulthood, intrinsic homeostatic plasticity was completely absent. Finally, we found that homeostatic changes in quantal inhibitory input onto L2/3 pyramidal neurons were absent during the CP but were present in adults. Thus, the same population of neurons can express distinct sets of homeostatic plasticity mechanisms at different development stages. Our findings suggest that homeostatic forms of plasticity can be recruited in a modular manner according to the evolving needs of a developing neural circuit.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Developing brain circuits are subject to dramatic changes in inputs that could destabilize activity if left uncompensated. This compensation is achieved through a set of homeostatic plasticity mechanisms that provide slow, negative feedback adjustments to excitability. Given that circuits are subject to very different destabilizing forces during distinct developmental stages, the forms of homeostatic plasticity present in the network must be tuned to these evolving needs. Here we developed a method to induce comparable homeostatic compensation during distinct developmental windows and found that neurons in the juvenile and mature brain engage strikingly different forms of homeostatic plasticity. Thus, homeostatic mechanisms can be recruited in a modular manner according to the developmental needs of the circuit.
Collapse
|
52
|
Delling JP, Boeckers TM. Comparison of SHANK3 deficiency in animal models: phenotypes, treatment strategies, and translational implications. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:55. [PMID: 34784886 PMCID: PMC8594088 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition, which is characterized by clinical heterogeneity and high heritability. Core symptoms of ASD include deficits in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Many genes have been identified that are associated with an increased risk for ASD. Proteins encoded by these ASD risk genes are often involved in processes related to fetal brain development, chromatin modification and regulation of gene expression in general, as well as the structural and functional integrity of synapses. Genes of the SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains (SHANK) family encode crucial scaffolding proteins (SHANK1-3) of excitatory synapses and other macromolecular complexes. SHANK gene mutations are highly associated with ASD and more specifically the Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMDS), which is caused by heterozygous 22q13.3-deletion resulting in SHANK3-haploinsufficiency, or by SHANK3 missense variants. SHANK3 deficiency and potential treatment options have been extensively studied in animal models, especially in mice, but also in rats and non-human primates. However, few of the proposed therapeutic strategies have translated into clinical practice yet. MAIN TEXT This review summarizes the literature concerning SHANK3-deficient animal models. In particular, the structural, behavioral, and neurological abnormalities are described and compared, providing a broad and comprehensive overview. Additionally, the underlying pathophysiologies and possible treatments that have been investigated in these models are discussed and evaluated with respect to their effect on ASD- or PMDS-associated phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Animal models of SHANK3 deficiency generated by various genetic strategies, which determine the composition of the residual SHANK3-isoforms and affected cell types, show phenotypes resembling ASD and PMDS. The phenotypic heterogeneity across multiple models and studies resembles the variation of clinical severity in human ASD and PMDS patients. Multiple therapeutic strategies have been proposed and tested in animal models, which might lead to translational implications for human patients with ASD and/or PMDS. Future studies should explore the effects of new therapeutic approaches that target genetic haploinsufficiency, like CRISPR-mediated activation of promotors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Delling
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany. .,Ulm Site, DZNE, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Lin R, Learman LN, Bangash MA, Melnikova T, Leyder E, Reddy SC, Naidoo N, Park JM, Savonenko A, Worley PF. Homer1a regulates Shank3 expression and underlies behavioral vulnerability to stress in a model of Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110014. [PMID: 34788607 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of SHANK3 cause Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS), and these individuals can exhibit sensitivity to stress, resulting in behavioral deterioration. Here, we examine the interaction of stress with genotype using a mouse model with face validity to PMS. In Shank3ΔC/+ mice, swim stress produces an altered transcriptomic response in pyramidal neurons that impacts genes and pathways involved in synaptic function, signaling, and protein turnover. Homer1a, which is part of the Shank3-mGluR-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, is super-induced and is implicated in the stress response because stress-induced social deficits in Shank3ΔC/+ mice are mitigated in Shank3ΔC/+;Homer1a-/- mice. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that Shank3 expression is regulated by Homer1a in competition with crosslinking forms of Homer, and consistent with this model, Shank3 expression and function that are reduced in Shank3ΔC/+ mice are rescued in Shank3ΔC/+;Homer1a-/- mice. Studies highlight the interaction between stress and genetics and focus attention on activity-dependent changes that may contribute to pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raozhou Lin
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lisa N Learman
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - M Ali Bangash
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tatiana Melnikova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erica Leyder
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sai C Reddy
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nirinjini Naidoo
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joo Min Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alena Savonenko
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Paul F Worley
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Caracci MO, Avila ME, Espinoza-Cavieres FA, López HR, Ugarte GD, De Ferrari GV. Wnt/β-Catenin-Dependent Transcription in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:764756. [PMID: 34858139 PMCID: PMC8632544 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.764756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by synaptic dysfunction and defects in dendritic spine morphology. In the past decade, an extensive list of genes associated with ASD has been identified by genome-wide sequencing initiatives. Several of these genes functionally converge in the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, a conserved cascade essential for stem cell pluripotency and cell fate decisions during development. Here, we review current information regarding the transcriptional program of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ASD. First, we discuss that Wnt/β-catenin gain and loss of function studies recapitulate brain developmental abnormalities associated with ASD. Second, transcriptomic approaches using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) cells, featuring mutations in high confidence ASD genes, reveal a significant dysregulation in the expression of Wnt signaling components. Finally, we focus on the activity of chromatin-remodeling proteins and transcription factors considered high confidence ASD genes, including CHD8, ARID1B, ADNP, and TBR1, that regulate Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity in multiple cell types, including pyramidal neurons, interneurons and oligodendrocytes, cells which are becoming increasingly relevant in the study of ASD. We conclude that the level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation could explain the high phenotypical heterogeneity of ASD and be instrumental in the development of new diagnostics tools and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario O. Caracci
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel E. Avila
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Nucleus of Applied Research in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences (NIAVA), Institute of Natural Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca A. Espinoza-Cavieres
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor R. López
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giorgia D. Ugarte
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giancarlo V. De Ferrari
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Mizusaki BEP, O'Donnell C. Neural circuit function redundancy in brain disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 70:74-80. [PMID: 34416675 PMCID: PMC8694099 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Redundancy is a ubiquitous property of the nervous system. This means that vastly different configurations of cellular and synaptic components can enable the same neural circuit functions. However, until recently, very little brain disorder research has considered the implications of this characteristic when designing experiments or interpreting data. Here, we first summarise the evidence for redundancy in healthy brains, explaining redundancy and three related sub-concepts: sloppiness, dependencies and multiple solutions. We then lay out key implications for brain disorder research, covering recent examples of redundancy effects in experimental studies on psychiatric disorders. Finally, we give predictions for future experiments based on these concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz E P Mizusaki
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, School of Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, BS8 1UB, United Kingdom
| | - Cian O'Donnell
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, School of Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, BS8 1UB, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Mishra P, Narayanan R. Stable continual learning through structured multiscale plasticity manifolds. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 70:51-63. [PMID: 34416674 PMCID: PMC7611638 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biological plasticity is ubiquitous. How does the brain navigate this complex plasticity space, where any component can seemingly change, in adapting to an ever-changing environment? We build a systematic case that stable continuous learning is achieved by structured rules that enforce multiple, but not all, components to change together in specific directions. This rule-based low-dimensional plasticity manifold of permitted plasticity combinations emerges from cell type-specific molecular signaling and triggers cascading impacts that span multiple scales. These multiscale plasticity manifolds form the basis for behavioral learning and are dynamic entities that are altered by neuromodulation, metaplasticity, and pathology. We explore the strong links between heterogeneities, degeneracy, and plasticity manifolds and emphasize the need to incorporate plasticity manifolds into learning-theoretical frameworks and experimental designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Mishra
- Cellular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayanan
- Cellular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Smith-Hicks C, Wright D, Kenny A, Stowe RC, McCormack M, Stanfield AC, Holder JL. Sleep Abnormalities in the Synaptopathies- SYNGAP1-Related Intellectual Disability and Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091229. [PMID: 34573249 PMCID: PMC8472329 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are frequently associated with sleep disturbances. One class of neurodevelopmental disorders, the genetic synaptopathies, is caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins found at the synapse. Mutations in these genes cause derangement of synapse development and function. We utilized a validated sleep instrument, Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) to examine the nature of sleep abnormalities occurring in individuals with two synaptopathies-Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMD) (N = 47, male = 23, female = 24, age 1-46 years) and SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability (SYNGAP1-ID) (N = 64, male = 31, female = 33, age 1-64 years), when compared with unaffected siblings (N = 61, male = 25, female = 36, age 1-17 years). We found that both PMD and SYNGAP1-ID have significant sleep abnormalities with SYNGAP1-ID having greater severity of sleep disturbance than PMD. In addition, sleep disturbances were more severe for PMD in individuals 11 years and older compared with those less than 11 years old. Individuals with either disorder were more likely to use sleep aids than unaffected siblings. In conclusion, sleep disturbances are a significant phenotype in the synaptopathies PMD and SYNGAP1-ID. Improved sleep is a viable endpoint for future clinical trials for these neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constance Smith-Hicks
- Division of Neurogenetics Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1741 Ashland Avenue Rm 526, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Correspondence: (C.S.-H.); (J.L.H.J.); Tel.: +1-832-824-8957 (J.L.H.J.)
| | - Damien Wright
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (D.W.); (A.K.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Aisling Kenny
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (D.W.); (A.K.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Robert C. Stowe
- Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria McCormack
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital 1250 Moursund, Suite 925, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew C. Stanfield
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (D.W.); (A.K.); (A.C.S.)
| | - J. Lloyd Holder
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital 1250 Moursund, Suite 925, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (C.S.-H.); (J.L.H.J.); Tel.: +1-832-824-8957 (J.L.H.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Wan L, Ai JQ, Yang C, Jiang J, Zhang QL, Luo ZH, Huang RJ, Tu T, Pan A, Tu E, Manavis J, Xiao B, Yan XX. Expression of the Excitatory Postsynaptic Scaffolding Protein, Shank3, in Human Brain: Effect of Age and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:717263. [PMID: 34504419 PMCID: PMC8421777 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.717263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank3 is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein of excitatory synapses. Mutations or variations of SHANK3 are associated with various psychiatric and neurological disorders. We set to determine its normal expression pattern in the human brain, and its change, if any, with age and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-type β-amyloid (Aβ) and Tau pathogenesis. In general, Shank3 immunoreactivity (IR) exhibited largely a neuropil pattern with differential laminar/regional distribution across brain regions. In youth and adults, subsets of pyramidal/multipolar neurons in the cerebrum, striatum, and thalamus showed moderate IR, while some large-sized neurons in the brainstem and the granule cells in the cerebellar cortex exhibited light IR. In double immunofluorescence, Shank3 IR occurred at the sublemmal regions in neuronal somata and large dendrites, apposing to synaptophysin-labeled presynaptic terminals. In aged cases, immunolabeled neuronal somata were reduced, with disrupted neuropil labeling seen in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in AD cases. In immunoblot, levels of Shank3 protein were positively correlated with that of the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) among different brain regions. Levels of Shank3, PSD95, and synaptophysin immunoblotted in the prefrontal, precentral, and cerebellar cortical lysates were reduced in the aged and AD relative to youth and adult groups. Taken together, the differential Shank3 expression among brain structures/regions indicates the varied local density of the excitatory synapses. The enriched Shank3 expression in the forebrain subregions appears inconsistent with a role of this protein in the modulation of high cognitive functions. The decline of its expression in aged and AD brains may relate to the degeneration of excitatory synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Qi Ai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qi-Lei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rou-Jie Huang
- Medical Doctor Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Tu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aihua Pan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ewen Tu
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jim Manavis
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Ellingford RA, Panasiuk MJ, de Meritens ER, Shaunak R, Naybour L, Browne L, Basson MA, Andreae LC. Cell-type-specific synaptic imbalance and disrupted homeostatic plasticity in cortical circuits of ASD-associated Chd8 haploinsufficient mice. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3614-3624. [PMID: 33837267 PMCID: PMC8505247 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutation of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8 (CHD8) is strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and results in dysregulated expression of neurodevelopmental and synaptic genes during brain development. To reveal how these changes affect ASD-associated cortical circuits, we studied synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex of a haploinsufficient Chd8 mouse model. We report profound alterations to both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission onto deep layer projection neurons, resulting in a reduced excitatory:inhibitory balance, which were found to vary dynamically across neurodevelopment and result from distinct effects of reduced Chd8 expression within individual neuronal subtypes. These changes were associated with disrupted regulation of homeostatic plasticity mechanisms operating via spontaneous neurotransmission. These findings therefore directly implicate CHD8 mutation in the disruption of ASD-relevant circuits in the cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Ellingford
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martyna J Panasiuk
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emilie Rabesahala de Meritens
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Raghav Shaunak
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Liam Naybour
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lorcan Browne
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Laura C Andreae
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Tzouanas CN, Kim S, Badhiwala KN, Avants BW, Robinson JT. Hydra vulgaris shows stable responses to thermal stimulation despite large changes in the number of neurons. iScience 2021; 24:102490. [PMID: 34095784 PMCID: PMC8164038 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many animals that lose neural tissue to injury or disease can maintain behavioral repertoires by regenerating new neurons or reorganizing existing neural circuits. However, most neuroscience small model organisms lack this high degree of neural plasticity. We show that Hydra vulgaris can maintain stable sensory-motor behaviors despite 2-fold changes in neuron count, due to naturally occurring size variation or surgical resection. Specifically, we find that both behavioral and neural responses to rapid temperature changes are maintained following these perturbations. We further describe possible mechanisms for the observed neural activity and argue that Hydra's radial symmetry may allow it to maintain stable behaviors when changes in the numbers of neurons do not selectively eliminate any specific neuronal cell type. These results suggest that Hydra provides a powerful model for studying how animals maintain stable sensory-motor responses within dynamic neural circuits and may lead to the development of general principles for injury-tolerant neural architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soonyoung Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Krishna N. Badhiwala
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Benjamin W. Avants
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jacob T. Robinson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Khayachi A, Schorova L, Alda M, Rouleau GA, Milnerwood AJ. Posttranslational modifications & lithium's therapeutic effect-Potential biomarkers for clinical responses in psychiatric & neurodegenerative disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:424-445. [PMID: 33971223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders display aberrant posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of one, or many, proteins. Lithium treatment has been used for mood stabilization for many decades, and is highly effective for large subsets of patients with diverse neurological conditions. However, the differential effectiveness and mode of action are not fully understood. In recent years, studies have shown that lithium alters several protein PTMs, altering their function, and consequently neuronal physiology. The impetus for this review is to outline the links between lithium's therapeutic mode of action and PTM homeostasis. We first provide an overview of the principal PTMs affected by lithium. We then describe several neuropsychiatric disorders in which PTMs have been implicated as pathogenic. For each of these conditions, we discuss lithium's clinical use and explore the putative mechanism of how it restores PTM homeostasis, and thereby cellular physiology. Evidence suggests that determining specific PTM patterns could be a promising strategy to develop biomarkers for disease and lithium responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Khayachi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - L Schorova
- McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - G A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - A J Milnerwood
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Heavner WE, Lautz JD, Speed HE, Gniffke EP, Immendorf KB, Welsh JP, Baertsch NA, Smith SEP. Remodeling of the Homer-Shank interactome mediates homeostatic plasticity. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/681/eabd7325. [PMID: 33947797 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd7325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurons maintain stable levels of excitability using homeostatic synaptic scaling, which adjusts the strength of a neuron's postsynaptic inputs to compensate for extended changes in overall activity. Here, we investigated whether prolonged changes in activity affect network-level protein interactions at the synapse. We assessed a glutamatergic synapse protein interaction network (PIN) composed of 380 binary associations among 21 protein members in mouse neurons. Manipulating the activation of cultured mouse cortical neurons induced widespread bidirectional PIN alterations that reflected rapid rearrangements of glutamate receptor associations involving synaptic scaffold remodeling. Sensory deprivation of the barrel cortex in live mice (by whisker trimming) caused specific PIN rearrangements, including changes in the association between the glutamate receptor mGluR5 and the kinase Fyn. These observations are consistent with emerging models of experience-dependent plasticity involving multiple types of homeostatic responses. However, mice lacking Homer1 or Shank3B did not undergo normal PIN rearrangements, suggesting that the proteins encoded by these autism spectrum disorder-linked genes serve as structural hubs for synaptic homeostasis. Our approach demonstrates how changes in the protein content of synapses during homeostatic plasticity translate into functional PIN alterations that mediate changes in neuron excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E Heavner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jonathan D Lautz
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Haley E Speed
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Edward P Gniffke
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Karen B Immendorf
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - John P Welsh
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,University of Washington Autism Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nathan A Baertsch
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stephen E P Smith
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
The role of GABAergic signalling in neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:290-307. [PMID: 33772226 PMCID: PMC9001156 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
GABAergic inhibition shapes the connectivity, activity and plasticity of the brain. A series of exciting new discoveries provides compelling evidence that disruptions in a number of key facets of GABAergic inhibition have critical roles in the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). These facets include the generation, migration and survival of GABAergic neurons, the formation of GABAergic synapses and circuit connectivity, and the dynamic regulation of the efficacy of GABAergic signalling through neuronal chloride transporters. In this Review, we discuss recent work that elucidates the functions and dysfunctions of GABAergic signalling in health and disease, that uncovers the contribution of GABAergic neural circuit dysfunction to NDD aetiology and that leverages such mechanistic insights to advance precision medicine for the treatment of NDDs.
Collapse
|
64
|
Bülow P, Zlatic SA, Wenner PA, Bassell GJ, Faundez V. FMRP attenuates activity dependent modifications in the mitochondrial proteome. Mol Brain 2021; 14:75. [PMID: 33931071 PMCID: PMC8086361 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity is necessary for the construction and maintenance of functional neuronal networks, but principal molecular mechanisms required for or modified by homeostatic plasticity are not well understood. We recently reported that homeostatic plasticity induced by activity deprivation is dysregulated in cortical neurons from Fragile X Mental Retardation protein (FMRP) knockout mice (Bulow et al. in Cell Rep 26: 1378-1388 e1373, 2019). These findings led us to hypothesize that identifying proteins sensitive to activity deprivation and/or FMRP expression could reveal pathways required for or modified by homeostatic plasticity. Here, we report an unbiased quantitative mass spectrometry used to quantify steady-state proteome changes following chronic activity deprivation in wild type and Fmr1-/y cortical neurons. Proteome hits responsive to both activity deprivation and the Fmr1-/y genotype were significantly annotated to mitochondria. We found an increased number of mitochondria annotated proteins whose expression was sensitive to activity deprivation in Fmr1-/y cortical neurons as compared to wild type neurons. These findings support a novel role of FMRP in attenuating mitochondrial proteome modifications induced by activity deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Bülow
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stephanie A Zlatic
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Peter A Wenner
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Mariscal MG, Berry-Kravis E, Buxbaum JD, Ethridge LE, Filip-Dhima R, Foss-Feig JH, Kolevzon A, Modi ME, Mosconi MW, Nelson CA, Powell CM, Siper PM, Soorya L, Thaliath A, Thurm A, Zhang B, Sahin M, Levin AR. Shifted phase of EEG cross-frequency coupling in individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Mol Autism 2021; 12:29. [PMID: 33910615 PMCID: PMC8082621 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS) is a rare condition caused by deletion or mutation of the SHANK3 gene. Individuals with PMS frequently present with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and other neurodevelopmental challenges. Electroencephalography (EEG) can provide a window into network-level function in PMS. METHODS Here, we analyze EEG data collected across multiple sites in individuals with PMS (n = 26) and typically developing individuals (n = 15). We quantify oscillatory power, alpha-gamma phase-amplitude coupling strength, and phase bias, a measure of the phase of cross frequency coupling thought to reflect the balance of feedforward (bottom-up) and feedback (top-down) activity. RESULTS We find individuals with PMS display increased alpha-gamma phase bias (U = 3.841, p < 0.0005), predominantly over posterior electrodes. Most individuals with PMS demonstrate positive overall phase bias while most typically developing individuals demonstrate negative overall phase bias. Among individuals with PMS, strength of alpha-gamma phase-amplitude coupling was associated with Sameness, Ritualistic, and Compulsive behaviors as measured by the Repetitive Behavior Scales-Revised (Beta = 0.545, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Increased phase bias suggests potential circuit-level mechanisms underlying phenotype in PMS, offering opportunities for back-translation of findings into animal models and targeting in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren E Ethridge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajna Filip-Dhima
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer H Foss-Feig
- Seaver Autism Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meera E Modi
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew W Mosconi
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig M Powell
- Department of Neurobiology, UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paige M Siper
- Seaver Autism Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Latha Soorya
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Thaliath
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - April R Levin
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ruggiero A, Katsenelson M, Slutsky I. Mitochondria: new players in homeostatic regulation of firing rate set points. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:605-618. [PMID: 33865626 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neural circuit functions are stabilized by homeostatic processes at long timescales in response to changes in behavioral states, experience, and learning. However, it remains unclear which specific physiological variables are being stabilized and which cellular or neural network components compose the homeostatic machinery. At this point, most evidence suggests that the distribution of firing rates among neurons in a neuronal circuit is the key variable that is maintained around a set-point value in a process called 'firing rate homeostasis.' Here, we review recent findings that implicate mitochondria as central players in mediating firing rate homeostasis. While mitochondria are known to regulate neuronal variables such as synaptic vesicle release or intracellular calcium concentration, the mitochondrial signaling pathways that are essential for firing rate homeostasis remain largely unknown. We used basic concepts of control theory to build a framework for classifying possible components of the homeostatic machinery that stabilizes firing rate, and we particularly emphasize the potential role of sleep and wakefulness in this homeostatic process. This framework may facilitate the identification of new homeostatic pathways whose malfunctions drive instability of neural circuits in distinct brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Ruggiero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maxim Katsenelson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inna Slutsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Tereshko L, Gao Y, Cary BA, Turrigiano GG, Sengupta P. Ciliary neuropeptidergic signaling dynamically regulates excitatory synapses in postnatal neocortical pyramidal neurons. eLife 2021; 10:e65427. [PMID: 33650969 PMCID: PMC7952091 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are compartmentalized sensory organelles present on the majority of neurons in the mammalian brain throughout adulthood. Recent evidence suggests that cilia regulate multiple aspects of neuronal development, including the maintenance of neuronal connectivity. However, whether ciliary signals can dynamically modulate postnatal circuit excitability is unknown. Here we show that acute cell-autonomous knockdown of ciliary signaling rapidly strengthens glutamatergic inputs onto cultured rat neocortical pyramidal neurons and increases spontaneous firing. This increased excitability occurs without changes to passive neuronal properties or intrinsic excitability. Further, the neuropeptide receptor somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3) is localized nearly exclusively to excitatory neuron cilia both in vivo and in culture, and pharmacological manipulation of SSTR3 signaling bidirectionally modulates excitatory synaptic inputs onto these neurons. Our results indicate that ciliary neuropeptidergic signaling dynamically modulates excitatory synapses and suggest that defects in this regulation may underlie a subset of behavioral and cognitive disorders associated with ciliopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Tereshko
- Department of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Brian A Cary
- Department of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | | | - Piali Sengupta
- Department of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Wan L, Liu D, Xiao WB, Zhang BX, Yan XX, Luo ZH, Xiao B. Association of SHANK Family with Neuropsychiatric Disorders: An Update on Genetic and Animal Model Discoveries. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1623-1643. [PMID: 33595806 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Shank family proteins are enriched at the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory glutamatergic synapses. They serve as synaptic scaffolding proteins and appear to play a critical role in the formation, maintenance and functioning of synapse. Increasing evidence from genetic association and animal model studies indicates a connection of SHANK genes defects with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we first update the current understanding of the SHANK family genes and their encoded protein products. We then denote the literature relating their alterations to the risk of neuropsychiatric diseases. We further review evidence from animal models that provided molecular insights into the biological as well as pathogenic roles of Shank proteins in synapses, and the potential relationship to the development of abnormal neurobehavioral phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Du Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Taikang Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, 430050, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Biao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bo-Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Trojanowski NF, Bottorff J, Turrigiano GG. Activity labeling in vivo using CaMPARI2 reveals intrinsic and synaptic differences between neurons with high and low firing rate set points. Neuron 2021; 109:663-676.e5. [PMID: 33333001 PMCID: PMC7897300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neocortical pyramidal neurons regulate firing around a stable mean firing rate (FR) that can differ by orders of magnitude between neurons, but the factors that determine where individual neurons sit within this broad FR distribution are not understood. To access low- and high-FR neurons for ex vivo analysis, we used Ca2+- and UV-dependent photoconversion of CaMPARI2 in vivo to permanently label neurons according to mean FR. CaMPARI2 photoconversion was correlated with immediate early gene expression and higher FRs ex vivo and tracked the drop and rebound in ensemble mean FR induced by prolonged monocular deprivation. High-activity L4 pyramidal neurons had greater intrinsic excitability and recurrent excitatory synaptic strength, while E/I ratio, local output strength, and local connection probability were not different. Thus, in L4 pyramidal neurons (considered a single transcriptional cell type), a broad mean FR distribution is achieved through graded differences in both intrinsic and synaptic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliet Bottorff
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Selective postnatal excitation of neocortical pyramidal neurons results in distinctive behavioral and circuit deficits in adulthood. iScience 2021; 24:102157. [PMID: 33665575 PMCID: PMC7907816 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In genetic and pharmacological models of neurodevelopmental disorders, and human data, neural activity is altered within the developing neocortical network. This commonality begs the question of whether early enhancement in excitation might be a common driver, across etiologies, of characteristic behaviors. We tested this concept by chemogenetically driving cortical pyramidal neurons during postnatal days 4–14. Hyperexcitation of Emx1-, but not dopamine transporter-, parvalbumin-, or Dlx5/6-expressing neurons, led to decreased social interaction and increased grooming activity in adult animals. In vivo optogenetic interrogation in adults revealed decreased baseline but increased stimulus-evoked firing rates of pyramidal neurons and impaired recruitment of inhibitory neurons. Slice recordings in adults from prefrontal cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons revealed decreased intrinsic excitability and increased synaptic E/I ratio. Together these results support the prediction that enhanced pyramidal firing during development, in otherwise normal cortex, can selectively drive altered adult circuit function and maladaptive changes in behavior. BL-OG allows chemogenetic activation and optogenetic interrogation in the same animal Developmental hyperexcitation in normal mice leads to neurodevelopmental disorders In these mice adult neurons show reduced baseline activity and increased excitability Reduced activity-triggered coherence and altered oscillations in cortex and striatum
Collapse
|
71
|
Hoffmann A, Spengler D. Chromatin Remodeler CHD8 in Autism and Brain Development. J Clin Med 2021; 10:366. [PMID: 33477995 PMCID: PMC7835889 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding 8 (CHD8) is a high confidence risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and the genetic cause of a distinct neurodevelopmental syndrome with the core symptoms of autism, macrocephaly, and facial dysmorphism. The role of CHD8 is well-characterized at the structural, biochemical, and transcriptional level. By contrast, much less is understood regarding how mutations in CHD8 underpin altered brain function and mental disease. Studies on various model organisms have been proven critical to tackle this challenge. Here, we scrutinize recent advances in this field with a focus on phenotypes in transgenic animal models and highlight key findings on neurodevelopment, neuronal connectivity, neurotransmission, synaptic and homeostatic plasticity, and habituation. Against this backdrop, we further discuss how to improve future animal studies, both in terms of technical issues and with respect to the sex-specific effects of Chd8 mutations for neuronal and higher-systems level function. We also consider outstanding questions in the field including 'humanized' mice models, therapeutic interventions, and how the use of pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids might help to address differences in neurodevelopment trajectories between model organisms and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dietmar Spengler
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Khlghatyan J, Evstratova A, Bozoyan L, Chamberland S, Chatterjee D, Marakhovskaia A, Soares Silva T, Toth K, Mongrain V, Beaulieu J. Fxr1 regulates sleep and synaptic homeostasis. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103864. [PMID: 32893934 PMCID: PMC7604579 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragile X autosomal homolog 1 (Fxr1) is regulated by lithium and has been GWAS-associated with schizophrenia and insomnia. Homeostatic regulation of synaptic strength is essential for the maintenance of brain functions and involves both cell-autonomous and system-level processes such as sleep. We examined the contribution of Fxr1 to cell-autonomous homeostatic synaptic scaling and neuronal responses to sleep loss, using a combination of gene overexpression and Crispr/Cas9-mediated somatic knockouts to modulate gene expression. Our findings indicate that Fxr1 is downregulated during both scaling and sleep deprivation via a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β)-dependent mechanism. In both conditions, downregulation of Fxr1 is essential for the homeostatic modulation of surface AMPA receptors and synaptic strength. Preventing the downregulation of Fxr1 during sleep deprivation results in altered EEG signatures. Furthermore, sequencing of neuronal translatomes revealed the contribution of Fxr1 to changes induced by sleep deprivation. These findings uncover a role of Fxr1 as a shared signaling hub between cell-autonomous homeostatic plasticity and system-level responses to sleep loss, with potential implications for neuropsychiatric illnesses and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jivan Khlghatyan
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec‐CityQCCanada
- Present address:
Department of NeuroscienceNovartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Alesya Evstratova
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Lusine Bozoyan
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Simon Chamberland
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec‐CityQCCanada
- Present address:
NYU Neuroscience InstituteLangone Medical CenterNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | | | - Tiago Soares Silva
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Katalin Toth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Valerie Mongrain
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep MedicineHôpital du Sacré‐Coeur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM)MontrealQCCanada
| | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Kavalali ET, Monteggia LM. Targeting Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity for Treatment of Mood Disorders. Neuron 2020; 106:715-726. [PMID: 32497508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine exerts rapid antidepressant action in depressed and treatment-resistant depressed patients within hours. At the same time, ketamine elicits a unique form of functional synaptic plasticity that shares several attributes and molecular mechanisms with well-characterized forms of homeostatic synaptic scaling. Lithium is a widely used mood stabilizer also proposed to act via synaptic scaling for its antimanic effects. Several studies to date have identified specific forms of homeostatic synaptic plasticity that are elicited by these drugs used to treat neuropsychiatric disorders. In the last two decades, extensive work on homeostatic synaptic plasticity mechanisms have shown that they diverge from classical synaptic plasticity mechanisms that process and store information and thus present a novel avenue for synaptic regulation with limited direct interference with cognitive processes. In this review, we discuss the intersection of the findings from neuropsychiatric treatments and homeostatic plasticity studies to highlight a potentially wider paradigm for treatment advance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ege T Kavalali
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7933, USA.
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7933, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Herstel LJ, Wierenga CJ. Network control through coordinated inhibition. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 67:34-41. [PMID: 32853970 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated excitatory and inhibitory activity is required for proper brain functioning. Recent computational and experimental studies have demonstrated that activity patterns in recurrent cortical networks are dominated by inhibition. Whereas previous studies have suggested that inhibitory plasticity is important for homeostatic control, this new framework puts inhibition in the driver's seat. Complex neuronal networks in the brain comprise many configurations in parallel, controlled by external and internal 'switches'. Context-dependent modulation and plasticity of inhibitory connections play a key role in memory and learning. It is therefore important to realize that synaptic plasticity is often multisynaptic and that a proper balance between excitation and inhibition is not fixed, but depends on context and activity level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte J Herstel
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Jaudon F, Thalhammer A, Cingolani LA. Integrin adhesion in brain assembly: From molecular structure to neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:3831-3850. [PMID: 32531845 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are extracellular matrix receptors that mediate biochemical and mechanical bi-directional signals between the extracellular and intracellular environment of a cell thanks to allosteric conformational changes. In the brain, they are found in both neurons and glial cells, where they play essential roles in several aspects of brain development and function, such as cell migration, axon guidance, synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity and neuro-inflammation. Although there are many successful examples of how regulating integrin adhesion and signaling can be used for therapeutic purposes, for example for halting tumor progression, this is not the case for the brain, where the growing evidence of the importance of integrins for brain pathophysiology has not translated yet into medical applications. Here, we review recent literature showing how alterations in integrin structure, expression and signaling may be involved in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, schizophrenia, addiction, depression and Alzheimer's disease. We focus on common mechanisms and recurrent signaling pathways, trying to bridge studies on the genetics and molecular structure of integrins with those on synaptic physiology and brain pathology. Further, we discuss integrin-targeting strategies and their potential benefits for therapeutic purposes in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Jaudon
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Agnes Thalhammer
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Cingolani
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|