1
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Janusz-Kaminska A, Brzozowska A, Tempes A, Urbanska M, Blazejczyk M, Miłek J, Kuzniewska B, Zeng J, Wesławski J, Kisielewska K, Bassell GJ, Jaworski J. Rab11 regulates autophagy at dendritic spines in an mTOR- and NMDA-dependent manner. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar43. [PMID: 38294869 PMCID: PMC10916872 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-02-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is a process that shapes neuronal connections during neurodevelopment and learning and memory. Autophagy is a mechanism that allows the cell to degrade its unnecessary or dysfunctional components. Autophagosomes appear at dendritic spines in response to plasticity-inducing stimuli. Autophagy defects contribute to altered dendritic spine development, autistic-like behavior in mice, and neurological disease. While several studies have explored the involvement of autophagy in synaptic plasticity, the initial steps of the emergence of autophagosomes at the postsynapse remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate a postsynaptic association of autophagy-related protein 9A (Atg9A), known to be involved in the early stages of autophagosome formation, with Rab11, a small GTPase that regulates endosomal trafficking. Rab11 activity was necessary to maintain Atg9A-positive structures at dendritic spines. Inhibition of mTOR increased Rab11 and Atg9A interaction and increased the emergence of LC3 positive vesicles, an autophagosome membrane-associated protein marker, in dendritic spines when coupled to NMDA receptor stimulation. Dendritic spines with newly formed LC3+ vesicles were more resistant to NMDA-induced morphologic change. Rab11 DN overexpression suppressed appearance of LC3+ vesicles. Collectively, these results suggest that initiation of autophagy in dendritic spines depends on neuronal activity and Rab11a-dependent Atg9A interaction that is regulated by mTOR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Janusz-Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Agnieszka Brzozowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Tempes
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Urbanska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Blazejczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jacek Miłek
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kuzniewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juan Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jan Wesławski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kisielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warszawa, Poland
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2
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Chung M, Carter EK, Veire AM, Dammer EB, Chang J, Duong DM, Raj N, Bassell GJ, Glass JD, Gendron TF, Nelson PT, Levey AI, Seyfried NT, McEachin ZT. Cryptic exon inclusion is a molecular signature of LATE-NC in aging brains. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:29. [PMID: 38308693 PMCID: PMC10838224 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation, mislocalization, and phosphorylation of TDP-43 are pathologic hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases and provide a defining criterion for the neuropathologic diagnosis of Limbic-predominant Age-related TDP-43 Encephalopathy (LATE). LATE neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC) are often comorbid with other neurodegenerative pathologies including Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC). We examined whether TDP-43 regulated cryptic exons accumulate in the hippocampus of neuropathologically confirmed LATE-NC cases. We found that several cryptic RNAs are robustly expressed in LATE-NC cases with or without comorbid ADNC and correlate with pTDP-43 abundance; however, the accumulation of cryptic RNAs is more robust in LATE-NC with comorbid ADNC. Additionally, cryptic RNAs can robustly distinguish LATE-NC from healthy controls and AD cases. These findings expand our current understanding and provide novel potential biomarkers for LATE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingee Chung
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - E Kathleen Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Austin M Veire
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jianjun Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nisha Raj
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Sanders-Brown Center On Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Zachary T McEachin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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3
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Urzi A, Lahmann I, Nguyen LVN, Rost BR, García-Pérez A, Lelievre N, Merritt-Garza ME, Phan HC, Bassell GJ, Rossoll W, Diecke S, Kunz S, Schmitz D, Gouti M. Efficient generation of a self-organizing neuromuscular junction model from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8043. [PMID: 38114482 PMCID: PMC10730704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex neuromuscular network that controls body movements is the target of severe diseases that result in paralysis and death. Here, we report the development of a robust and efficient self-organizing neuromuscular junction (soNMJ) model from human pluripotent stem cells that can be maintained long-term in simple adherent conditions. The timely application of specific patterning signals instructs the simultaneous development and differentiation of position-specific brachial spinal neurons, skeletal muscles, and terminal Schwann cells. High-content imaging reveals self-organized bundles of aligned muscle fibers surrounded by innervating motor neurons that form functional neuromuscular junctions. Optogenetic activation and pharmacological interventions show that the spinal neurons actively instruct the synchronous skeletal muscle contraction. The generation of a soNMJ model from spinal muscular atrophy patient-specific iPSCs reveals that the number of NMJs and muscle contraction is severely affected, resembling the patient's pathology. In the future, the soNMJ model could be used for high-throughput studies in disease modeling and drug development. Thus, this model will allow us to address unmet needs in the neuromuscular disease field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Urzi
- Stem Cell Modeling of Development & Disease Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Lahmann
- Stem Cell Modeling of Development & Disease Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lan Vi N Nguyen
- Stem Cell Modeling of Development & Disease Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin R Rost
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Angélica García-Pérez
- Stem Cell Modeling of Development & Disease Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noemie Lelievre
- Stem Cell Modeling of Development & Disease Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Megan E Merritt-Garza
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Han C Phan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Technology Platform Pluripotent Stem Cells, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Severine Kunz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Technology Platform Electron Microscopy, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mina Gouti
- Stem Cell Modeling of Development & Disease Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Purcell RH, Sefik E, Werner E, King AT, Mosley TJ, Merritt-Garza ME, Chopra P, McEachin ZT, Karne S, Raj N, Vaglio BJ, Sullivan D, Firestein BL, Tilahun K, Robinette MI, Warren ST, Wen Z, Faundez V, Sloan SA, Bassell GJ, Mulle JG. Cross-species analysis identifies mitochondrial dysregulation as a functional consequence of the schizophrenia-associated 3q29 deletion. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh0558. [PMID: 37585521 PMCID: PMC10431714 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The 1.6-megabase deletion at chromosome 3q29 (3q29Del) is the strongest identified genetic risk factor for schizophrenia, but the effects of this variant on neurodevelopment are not well understood. We interrogated the developing neural transcriptome in two experimental model systems with complementary advantages: isogenic human cortical organoids and isocortex from the 3q29Del mouse model. We profiled transcriptomes from isogenic cortical organoids that were aged for 2 and 12 months, as well as perinatal mouse isocortex, all at single-cell resolution. Systematic pathway analysis implicated dysregulation of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. These molecular signatures were supported by analysis of oxidative phosphorylation protein complex expression in mouse brain and assays of mitochondrial function in engineered cell lines, which revealed a lack of metabolic flexibility and a contribution of the 3q29 gene PAK2. Together, these data indicate that metabolic disruption is associated with 3q29Del and is conserved across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H. Purcell
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Esra Sefik
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erica Werner
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexia T. King
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Trenell J. Mosley
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Pankaj Chopra
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zachary T. McEachin
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sridhar Karne
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nisha Raj
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brandon J. Vaglio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Dylan Sullivan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Bonnie L. Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kedamawit Tilahun
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maxine I. Robinette
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen T. Warren
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven A. Sloan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer G. Mulle
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Wilkerson JR, Ifrim MF, Valdez-Sinon AN, Hahn P, Bowles JE, Molinaro G, Janusz-Kaminska A, Bassell GJ, Huber KM. FMRP phosphorylation and interactions with Cdh1 regulate association with dendritic RNA granules and MEF2-triggered synapse elimination. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106136. [PMID: 37120096 PMCID: PMC10370323 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (FMRP) is necessary for experience-dependent, developmental synapse elimination and the loss of this process may underlie the excess dendritic spines and hyperconnectivity of cortical neurons in Fragile X Syndrome, a common inherited form of intellectual disability and autism. Little is known of the signaling pathways that regulate synapse elimination and if or how FMRP is regulated during this process. We have characterized a model of synapse elimination in CA1 neurons of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures that is induced by expression of the active transcription factor Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) and relies on postsynaptic FMRP. MEF2-induced synapse elimination is deficient in Fmr1 KO CA1 neurons, and is rescued by acute (24 h), postsynaptic and cell autonomous reexpression of FMRP in CA1 neurons. FMRP is an RNA binding protein that suppresses mRNA translation. Derepression is induced by posttranslational mechanisms downstream of metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling. Dephosphorylation of FMRP at S499 triggers ubiquitination and degradation of FMRP which then relieves translation suppression and promotes synthesis of proteins encoded by target mRNAs. Whether this mechanism functions in synapse elimination is not known. Here we demonstrate that phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of FMRP at S499 are both necessary for synapse elimination as well as interaction of FMRP with its E3 ligase for FMRP, APC/Cdh1. Using a bimolecular ubiquitin-mediated fluorescence complementation (UbFC) assay, we demonstrate that MEF2 promotes ubiquitination of FMRP in CA1 neurons that relies on activity and interaction with APC/Cdh1. Our results suggest a model where MEF2 regulates posttranslational modifications of FMRP via APC/Cdh1 to regulate translation of proteins necessary for synapse elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Wilkerson
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marius F Ifrim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Patricia Hahn
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacob E Bowles
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gemma Molinaro
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Kimberly M Huber
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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6
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Hildebrandt RP, Moss KR, Janusz-Kaminska A, Knudson LA, Denes LT, Saxena T, Boggupalli DP, Li Z, Lin K, Bassell GJ, Wang ET. Muscleblind-like proteins use modular domains to localize RNAs by riding kinesins and docking to membranes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3427. [PMID: 37296096 PMCID: PMC10256740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) act as critical facilitators of spatially regulated gene expression. Muscleblind-like (MBNL) proteins, implicated in myotonic dystrophy and cancer, localize RNAs to myoblast membranes and neurites through unknown mechanisms. We find that MBNL forms motile and anchored granules in neurons and myoblasts, and selectively associates with kinesins Kif1bα and Kif1c through its zinc finger (ZnF) domains. Other RBPs with similar ZnFs associate with these kinesins, implicating a motor-RBP specificity code. MBNL and kinesin perturbation leads to widespread mRNA mis-localization, including depletion of Nucleolin transcripts from neurites. Live cell imaging and fractionation reveal that the unstructured carboxy-terminal tail of MBNL1 allows for anchoring at membranes. An approach, termed RBP Module Recruitment and Imaging (RBP-MRI), reconstitutes kinesin- and membrane-recruitment functions using MBNL-MS2 coat protein fusions. Our findings decouple kinesin association, RNA binding, and membrane anchoring functions of MBNL while establishing general strategies for studying multi-functional, modular domains of RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Hildebrandt
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn R Moss
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Luke A Knudson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lance T Denes
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tanvi Saxena
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Devi Prasad Boggupalli
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhuangyue Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Eric T Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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7
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Purcell RH, Sefik E, Werner E, King AT, Mosley TJ, Merritt-Garza ME, Chopra P, McEachin ZT, Karne S, Raj N, Vaglio BJ, Sullivan D, Firestein BL, Tilahun K, Robinette MI, Warren ST, Wen Z, Faundez V, Sloan SA, Bassell GJ, Mulle JG. Cross-species transcriptomic analysis identifies mitochondrial dysregulation as a functional consequence of the schizophrenia-associated 3q29 deletion. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.27.525748. [PMID: 36747819 PMCID: PMC9901184 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the genetics of schizophrenia (SCZ) have identified rare variants that confer high disease risk, including a 1.6 Mb deletion at chromosome 3q29 with a staggeringly large effect size (O.R. > 40). Understanding the impact of the 3q29 deletion (3q29Del) on the developing CNS may therefore lead to insights about the pathobiology of schizophrenia. To gain clues about the molecular and cellular perturbations caused by the 3q29 deletion, we interrogated transcriptomic effects in two experimental model systems with complementary advantages: isogenic human forebrain cortical organoids and isocortex from the 3q29Del mouse model. We first created isogenic lines by engineering the full 3q29Del into an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a neurotypical individual. We profiled transcriptomes from isogenic cortical organoids that were aged for 2 months and 12 months, as well as day p7 perinatal mouse isocortex, all at single cell resolution. Differential expression analysis by genotype in each cell-type cluster revealed that more than half of the differentially expressed genes identified in mouse cortex were also differentially expressed in human cortical organoids, and strong correlations were observed in mouse-human differential gene expression across most major cell-types. We systematically filtered differentially expressed genes to identify changes occurring in both model systems. Pathway analysis on this filtered gene set implicated dysregulation of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, although the direction of the effect was dependent on developmental timepoint. Transcriptomic changes were validated at the protein level by analysis of oxidative phosphorylation protein complexes in mouse brain tissue. Assays of mitochondrial function in human heterologous cells further confirmed robust mitochondrial dysregulation in 3q29Del cells, and these effects are partially recapitulated by ablation of the 3q29Del gene PAK2 . Taken together these data indicate that metabolic disruption is associated with 3q29Del and is conserved across species. These results converge with data from other rare SCZ-associated variants as well as idiopathic schizophrenia, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a significant but overlooked contributing factor to the development of psychotic disorders. This cross-species scRNA-seq analysis of the SCZ-associated 3q29 deletion reveals that this copy number variant may produce early and persistent changes in cellular metabolism that are relevant to human neurodevelopment.
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8
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Parameswaran J, Zhang N, Braems E, Tilahun K, Pant DC, Yin K, Asress S, Heeren K, Banerjee A, Davis E, Schwartz SL, Conn GL, Bassell GJ, Van Den Bosch L, Jiang J. Antisense, but not sense, repeat expanded RNAs activate PKR/eIF2α-dependent ISR in C9ORF72 FTD/ALS. eLife 2023; 12:e85902. [PMID: 37073950 PMCID: PMC10188109 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
GGGGCC (G4C2) hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene is the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The repeat is bidirectionally transcribed and confers gain of toxicity. However, the underlying toxic species is debated, and it is not clear whether antisense CCCCGG (C4G2) repeat expanded RNAs contribute to disease pathogenesis. Our study shows that C9ORF72 antisense C4G2 repeat expanded RNAs trigger the activation of the PKR/eIF2α-dependent integrated stress response independent of dipeptide repeat proteins that are produced through repeat-associated non-AUG-initiated translation, leading to global translation inhibition and stress granule formation. Reducing PKR levels with either siRNA or morpholinos mitigates integrated stress response and toxicity caused by the antisense C4G2 RNAs in cell lines, primary neurons, and zebrafish. Increased phosphorylation of PKR/eIF2α is also observed in the frontal cortex of C9ORF72 FTD/ALS patients. Finally, only antisense C4G2, but not sense G4C2, repeat expanded RNAs robustly activate the PKR/eIF2α pathway and induce aberrant stress granule formation. These results provide a mechanism by which antisense C4G2 repeat expanded RNAs elicit neuronal toxicity in FTD/ALS caused by C9ORF72 repeat expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Elke Braems
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Devesh C Pant
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Keena Yin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Seneshaw Asress
- Department of Neurology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Kara Heeren
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anwesha Banerjee
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Emma Davis
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | | | - Graeme L Conn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
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9
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Pant DC, Parameswaran J, Rao L, Loss I, Chilukuri G, Parlato R, Shi L, Glass JD, Bassell GJ, Koch P, Yilmaz R, Weishaupt JH, Gennerich A, Jiang J. ALS-linked KIF5A ΔExon27 mutant causes neuronal toxicity through gain-of-function. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54234. [PMID: 35735139 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) gene were recently identified as a genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Several KIF5A ALS variants cause exon 27 skipping and are predicted to produce motor proteins with an altered C-terminal tail (referred to as ΔExon27). However, the underlying pathogenic mechanism is still unknown. Here, we confirm the expression of KIF5A mutant proteins in patient iPSC-derived motor neurons. We perform a comprehensive analysis of ΔExon27 at the single-molecule, cellular, and organism levels. Our results show that ΔExon27 is prone to form cytoplasmic aggregates and is neurotoxic. The mutation relieves motor autoinhibition and increases motor self-association, leading to drastically enhanced processivity on microtubules. Finally, ectopic expression of ΔExon27 in Drosophila melanogaster causes wing defects, motor impairment, paralysis, and premature death. Our results suggest gain-of-function as an underlying disease mechanism in KIF5A-associated ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh C Pant
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lu Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Isabel Loss
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Rosanna Parlato
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philipp Koch
- Hector Institute of Translational Brain Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüstem Yilmaz
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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10
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Bülow P, Segal M, Bassell GJ. Mechanisms Driving the Emergence of Neuronal Hyperexcitability in Fragile X Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116315. [PMID: 35682993 PMCID: PMC9181819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperexcitability is a shared neurophysiological phenotype across various genetic neurodevelopmental disorders, including Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Several patient symptoms are associated with hyperexcitability, but a puzzling feature is that their onset is often delayed until their second and third year of life. It remains unclear how and why hyperexcitability emerges in neurodevelopmental disorders. FXS is caused by the loss of FMRP, an RNA-binding protein which has many critical roles including protein synthesis-dependent and independent regulation of ion channels and receptors, as well as global regulation of protein synthesis. Here, we discussed recent literature uncovering novel mechanisms that may drive the progressive onset of hyperexcitability in the FXS brain. We discussed in detail how recent publications have highlighted defects in homeostatic plasticity, providing new insight on the FXS brain and suggest pharmacotherapeutic strategies in FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Bülow
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (G.J.B.)
| | - Menahem Segal
- Department of Brain Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (G.J.B.)
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11
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Abstract
The RNA binding protein FMRP regulates the synthesis of synaptic and nuclear proteins within different compartments of a neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young J Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
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12
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Glassford MR, Purcell RH, Pass S, Murphy MM, Bassell GJ, Mulle JG. Caregiver Perspectives on a Child's Diagnosis of 3q29 Deletion: "We Can't Just Wish This Thing Away". J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:e94-e102. [PMID: 34320535 PMCID: PMC8792091 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic diagnoses are increasingly common in cases of intellectual disability and developmental delay. Although ascertainment of a relatively common, well-studied variant may provide guidance related to treatments and developmental expectations, it is less clear how the diagnosis of a rare variant affects caregivers, especially when the phenotype may include later-onset manifestations such as psychosis. In this study, we sought to identify caregiver concerns in the first qualitative study to assess the psychosocial impact of diagnosis on caregivers of individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29Del), which is associated with a 40-fold increase in risk for psychosis. METHODS Participants were recruited from the national 3q29Del registry housed at Emory University (3q29deletion.org). Fifteen participants completed a semistructured phone interview during which they were asked about their experiences before, during, and after their child received a diagnosis of 3q29Del. Interview responses were analyzed using the general inductive approach, and overarching themes were identified. RESULTS We identified the following overarching themes: difficult "diagnostic odyssey," mixed feelings about diagnosis, frustration with degree of uncertainty, and importance of resources. Importantly, our data suggest that future risk for psychosis is often not disclosed by medical professionals, consistent with the experience of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight potential gaps in how caregivers are informed of risk for adult-onset conditions and indicate key caregiver concerns for consideration in the diagnosis of 3q29Del.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Glassford
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA; Ms. Glassford is now with the Department of Pediatric Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ms. Pass is now with the Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Ryan H Purcell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sarah Pass
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA; Ms. Glassford is now with the Department of Pediatric Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ms. Pass is now with the Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Melissa M Murphy
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA; Ms. Glassford is now with the Department of Pediatric Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ms. Pass is now with the Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA; Ms. Glassford is now with the Department of Pediatric Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ms. Pass is now with the Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA
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13
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Kang Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, Han Y, Xu J, Niu W, Li Z, Liu S, Feng H, Huang W, Duan R, Xu T, Raj N, Zhang F, Dou J, Xu C, Wu H, Bassell GJ, Warren ST, Allen EG, Jin P, Wen Z. A human forebrain organoid model of fragile X syndrome exhibits altered neurogenesis and highlights new treatment strategies. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1377-1391. [PMID: 34413513 PMCID: PMC8484073 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein that can regulate the translation of specific mRNAs. In this study, we developed an FXS human forebrain organoid model and observed that the loss of FMRP led to dysregulated neurogenesis, neuronal maturation and neuronal excitability. Bulk and single-cell gene expression analyses of FXS forebrain organoids revealed that the loss of FMRP altered gene expression in a cell-type-specific manner. The developmental deficits in FXS forebrain organoids could be rescued by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway but not the metabotropic glutamate pathway disrupted in the FXS mouse model. We identified a large number of human-specific mRNAs bound by FMRP. One of these human-specific FMRP targets, CHD2, contributed to the altered gene expression in FXS organoids. Collectively, our study revealed molecular, cellular and electrophysiological abnormalities associated with the loss of FMRP during human brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhee Kang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Scieces, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yanfei Han
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Scieces, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- The Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, GA 30322, USA
| | - Weibo Niu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Scieces, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Shiying Liu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wen Huang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Ranhui Duan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Nisha Raj
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Feiran Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Juan Dou
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Scieces, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chongchong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Scieces, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephen T Warren
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Emily G Allen
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;,To whom correspondence should be addressed: (P.J.) and (Z.W.)
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Scieces, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;,To whom correspondence should be addressed: (P.J.) and (Z.W.)
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14
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Jin P, Bassell GJ. Remembering Stephen T. Warren, a pillar of neurogenetics (1953-2021). Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1340-1341. [PMID: 34518689 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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15
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Bülow P, Wenner PA, Faundez V, Bassell GJ. Mitochondrial Structure and Polarity in Dendrites and the Axon Initial Segment Are Regulated by Homeostatic Plasticity and Dysregulated in Fragile X Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:702020. [PMID: 34350185 PMCID: PMC8327182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.702020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been overlooked in neurodevelopmental disorders, but recent studies have provided new links to genetic forms of autism, including Rett syndrome and fragile X syndrome (FXS). Mitochondria show plasticity in morphology and function in response to neuronal activity, and previous research has reported impairments in mitochondrial morphology and function in disease. We and others have previously reported abnormalities in distinct types of homeostatic plasticity in FXS. It remains unknown if or how activity deprivation triggering homeostatic plasticity affects mitochondria in axons and/or dendrites and whether impairments occur in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we test the hypothesis that mitochondria are structurally and functionally modified in a compartment-specific manner during homeostatic plasticity using a model of activity deprivation in cortical neurons from wild-type mice and that this plasticity-induced regulation is altered in Fmr1-knockout (KO) neurons. We uncovered dendrite-specific regulation of the mitochondrial surface area, whereas axon initial segment (AIS) mitochondria show changes in polarity; both responses are lost in the Fmr1 KO. Taken together, our results demonstrate impairments in mitochondrial plasticity in FXS, which has not previously been reported. These results suggest that mitochondrial dysregulation in FXS could contribute to abnormal neuronal plasticity, with broader implications to other neurodevelopmental disorders and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Bülow
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Peter A Wenner
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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16
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Sefik E, Purcell RH, Walker EF, Bassell GJ, Mulle JG. Convergent and distributed effects of the 3q29 deletion on the human neural transcriptome. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:357. [PMID: 34131099 PMCID: PMC8206125 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3q29 deletion (3q29Del) confers high risk for schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. However, no single gene in this interval is definitively associated with disease, prompting the hypothesis that neuropsychiatric sequelae emerge upon loss of multiple functionally-connected genes. 3q29 genes are unevenly annotated and the impact of 3q29Del on the human neural transcriptome is unknown. To systematically formulate unbiased hypotheses about molecular mechanisms linking 3q29Del to neuropsychiatric illness, we conducted a systems-level network analysis of the non-pathological adult human cortical transcriptome and generated evidence-based predictions that relate 3q29 genes to novel functions and disease associations. The 21 protein-coding genes located in the interval segregated into seven clusters of highly co-expressed genes, demonstrating both convergent and distributed effects of 3q29Del across the interrogated transcriptomic landscape. Pathway analysis of these clusters indicated involvement in nervous-system functions, including synaptic signaling and organization, as well as core cellular functions, including transcriptional regulation, posttranslational modifications, chromatin remodeling, and mitochondrial metabolism. Top network-neighbors of 3q29 genes showed significant overlap with known schizophrenia, autism, and intellectual disability-risk genes, suggesting that 3q29Del biology is relevant to idiopathic disease. Leveraging "guilt by association", we propose nine 3q29 genes, including one hub gene, as prioritized drivers of neuropsychiatric risk. These results provide testable hypotheses for experimental analysis on causal drivers and mechanisms of the largest known genetic risk factor for schizophrenia and highlight the study of normal function in non-pathological postmortem tissue to further our understanding of psychiatric genetics, especially for rare syndromes like 3q29Del, where access to neural tissue from carriers is unavailable or limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sefik
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Ryan H. Purcell
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | - Elaine F. Walker
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jennifer G. Mulle
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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17
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Todd TW, McEachin ZT, Chew J, Burch AR, Jansen-West K, Tong J, Yue M, Song Y, Castanedes-Casey M, Kurti A, Dunmore JH, Fryer JD, Zhang YJ, San Millan B, Teijeira Bautista S, Arias M, Dickson D, Gendron TF, Sobrido MJ, Disney MD, Bassell GJ, Rossoll W, Petrucelli L. Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansions in c9FTD/ALS and SCA36 Confer Selective Patterns of Neurodegeneration In Vivo. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107616. [PMID: 32375043 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in an intron of C9orf72 is the most common cause of frontal temporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (c9FTD/ALS). A remarkably similar intronic TG3C2 repeat expansion is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia 36 (SCA36). Both expansions are widely expressed, form RNA foci, and can undergo repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation to form similar dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). Yet, these diseases result in the degeneration of distinct subsets of neurons. We show that the expression of these repeat expansions in mice is sufficient to recapitulate the unique features of each disease, including this selective neuronal vulnerability. Furthermore, only the G4C2 repeat induces the formation of aberrant stress granules and pTDP-43 inclusions. Overall, our results demonstrate that the pathomechanisms responsible for each disease are intrinsic to the individual repeat sequence, highlighting the importance of sequence-specific RNA-mediated toxicity in each disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W Todd
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Zachary T McEachin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jeannie Chew
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Alexander R Burch
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Karen Jansen-West
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jimei Tong
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Mei Yue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yuping Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Aishe Kurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Judith H Dunmore
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - John D Fryer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Beatriz San Millan
- Rare Diseases and Pediatric Medicine Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; Pathology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Susana Teijeira Bautista
- Rare Diseases and Pediatric Medicine Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; Pathology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel Arias
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dennis Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - María-Jesús Sobrido
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Matthew D Disney
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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18
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Shapiro LP, Pitts EG, Li DC, Barbee BR, Hinton EA, Bassell GJ, Gross C, Gourley SL. The PI3-Kinase p110β Isoform Controls Severity of Cocaine-Induced Sequelae and Alters the Striatal Transcriptome. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:959-969. [PMID: 33773752 PMCID: PMC8202243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PI3-kinase (PI3K) complex is a well-validated target for mitigating cocaine-elicited sequelae, but pan-PI3K inhibitors are not viable long-term treatment options. The PI3K complex is composed of p110 catalytic and regulatory subunits, which can be individually manipulated for therapeutic purposes. However, this possibility has largely not been explored in behavioral contexts. METHODS Here, we inhibited PI3K p110β in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of cocaine-exposed mice. Behavioral models for studying relapse, sensitization, and decision-making biases were paired with protein quantification, RNA sequencing, and cell type-specific chemogenetic manipulation and RNA quantification to determine whether and how inhibiting PI3K p110β confers resilience to cocaine. RESULTS Viral-mediated PI3K p110β silencing reduced cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking by half, blocked locomotor sensitization, and restored mPFC synaptic marker content after exposure to cocaine. Cocaine blocked the ability of mice to select actions based on their consequences, and p110β inhibition restored this ability. Silencing dopamine D2 receptor-expressing excitatory mPFC neurons mimicked cocaine, impairing goal-seeking behavior, and again, p110β inhibition restored goal-oriented action. We verified the presence of p110β in mPFC neurons projecting to the dorsal striatum and orbitofrontal cortex and found that inhibiting p110β in the mPFC altered the expression of functionally defined gene clusters within the dorsal striatum and not orbitofrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Subunit-selective PI3K silencing potently mitigates drug seeking, sensitization, and decision-making biases after exposure to cocaine. We suggest that inhibiting PI3K p110β provides neuroprotection against cocaine by triggering coordinated corticostriatal adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P. Shapiro
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center
| | - Elizabeth G. Pitts
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University
| | - Dan C. Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University
| | - Britton R. Barbee
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center
| | - Elizabeth A. Hinton
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University
| | - Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Shannon L. Gourley
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta
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19
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Bülow P, Zlatic SA, Wenner PA, Bassell GJ, Faundez V. FMRP attenuates activity dependent modifications in the mitochondrial proteome. Mol Brain 2021; 14:75. [PMID: 33931071 PMCID: PMC8086361 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity is necessary for the construction and maintenance of functional neuronal networks, but principal molecular mechanisms required for or modified by homeostatic plasticity are not well understood. We recently reported that homeostatic plasticity induced by activity deprivation is dysregulated in cortical neurons from Fragile X Mental Retardation protein (FMRP) knockout mice (Bulow et al. in Cell Rep 26: 1378-1388 e1373, 2019). These findings led us to hypothesize that identifying proteins sensitive to activity deprivation and/or FMRP expression could reveal pathways required for or modified by homeostatic plasticity. Here, we report an unbiased quantitative mass spectrometry used to quantify steady-state proteome changes following chronic activity deprivation in wild type and Fmr1-/y cortical neurons. Proteome hits responsive to both activity deprivation and the Fmr1-/y genotype were significantly annotated to mitochondria. We found an increased number of mitochondria annotated proteins whose expression was sensitive to activity deprivation in Fmr1-/y cortical neurons as compared to wild type neurons. These findings support a novel role of FMRP in attenuating mitochondrial proteome modifications induced by activity deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Bülow
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stephanie A Zlatic
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Peter A Wenner
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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20
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Rutkowski TP, Purcell RH, Pollak RM, Grewenow SM, Gafford GM, Malone T, Khan UA, Schroeder JP, Epstein MP, Bassell GJ, Warren ST, Weinshenker D, Caspary T, Mulle JG. Behavioral changes and growth deficits in a CRISPR engineered mouse model of the schizophrenia-associated 3q29 deletion. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:772-783. [PMID: 30976085 PMCID: PMC6788962 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The 3q29 deletion confers increased risk for neuropsychiatric phenotypes including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and a >40-fold increased risk for schizophrenia. To investigate consequences of the 3q29 deletion in an experimental system, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce a heterozygous deletion into the syntenic interval on C57BL/6 mouse chromosome 16. mRNA abundance for 20 of the 21 genes in the interval was reduced by ~50%, while protein levels were reduced for only a subset of these, suggesting a compensatory mechanism. Mice harboring the deletion manifested behavioral impairments in multiple domains including social interaction, cognitive function, acoustic startle, and amphetamine sensitivity, with some sex-dependent manifestations. In addition, 3q29 deletion mice showed reduced body weight throughout development consistent with the phenotype of 3q29 deletion syndrome patients. Of the genes within the interval, DLG1 has been hypothesized as a contributor to the neuropsychiatric phenotypes. However, we show that Dlg1+/- mice did not exhibit the behavioral deficits seen in mice harboring the full 3q29 deletion. These data demonstrate the following: the 3q29 deletion mice are a valuable experimental system that can be used to interrogate the biology of 3q29 deletion syndrome; behavioral manifestations of the 3q29 deletion may have sex-dependent effects; and mouse-specific behavior phenotypes associated with the 3q29 deletion are not solely due to haploinsufficiency of Dlg1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Rutkowski
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Ryan H. Purcell
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Rebecca M. Pollak
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Stephanie M. Grewenow
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Georgette M. Gafford
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Tamika Malone
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Uswa A. Khan
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jason P. Schroeder
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Michael P. Epstein
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Stephen T. Warren
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Tamara Caspary
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jennifer Gladys Mulle
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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21
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Abreha MH, Ojelade S, Dammer EB, McEachin ZT, Duong DM, Gearing M, Bassell GJ, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Shulman JM, Seyfried NT. TBK1 interacts with tau and enhances neurodegeneration in tauopathy. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100760. [PMID: 33965374 PMCID: PMC8191334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the defining pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Aberrant activation of kinases in AD has been suggested to enhance phosphorylation and toxicity of tau, making the responsible tau kinases attractive therapeutic targets. The full complement of tau-interacting kinases in AD brain and their activity in disease remains incompletely defined. Here, immunoaffinity enrichment coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) identified TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) as a tau-interacting partner in human AD cortical brain tissues. We validated this interaction in human AD, familial frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) caused by mutations in MAPT (R406W & P301L) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) postmortem brain tissues as well as human cell lines. Further, we document increased TBK1 activation in both AD and FTDP-17 and map TBK1 phosphorylation sites on tau based on in vitro kinase assays coupled to MS. Lastly, in a Drosophila tauopathy model, activating expression of a conserved TBK1 ortholog triggers tau hyperphosphorylation and enhanced neurodegeneration, whereas knockdown had the reciprocal effect, suppressing tau toxicity. Collectively, our findings suggest that increased TBK1 activation may promote tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal loss in AD and related tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Measho H Abreha
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shamsideen Ojelade
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary T McEachin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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22
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Bakkar N, Starr A, Rabichow BE, Lorenzini I, McEachin ZT, Kraft R, Chaung M, Macklin-Isquierdo S, Wingfield T, Carhart B, Zahler N, Chang WH, Bassell GJ, Betourne A, Boulis N, Alworth SV, Ichida JK, August PR, Zarnescu DC, Sattler R, Bowser R. The M1311V variant of ATP7A is associated with impaired trafficking and copper homeostasis in models of motor neuron disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 149:105228. [PMID: 33359139 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption in copper homeostasis causes a number of cognitive and motor deficits. Wilson's disease and Menkes disease are neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from mutations in the copper transporters ATP7A and ATP7B, with ATP7A mutations also causing occipital horn syndrome, and distal motor neuropathy. A 65 year old male presenting with brachial amyotrophic diplegia and diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was found to harbor a p.Met1311Val (M1311V) substitution variant in ATP7A. ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive muscle weakness, synaptic deficits and degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. To investigate the potential contribution of the ATP7AM1311V variant to neurodegeneration, we obtained and characterized both patient-derived fibroblasts and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into motor neurons (iPSC-MNs), and compared them to control cell lines. We found reduced localization of ATP7AM1311V to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) at basal copper levels in patient-derived fibroblasts and iPSC-MNs. In addition, redistribution of ATP7AM1311V out of the TGN in response to increased extracellular copper was defective in patient fibroblasts. This manifested in enhanced intracellular copper accumulation and reduced survival of ATP7AM1311V fibroblasts. iPSC-MNs harboring the ATP7AM1311V variant showed decreased dendritic complexity, aberrant spontaneous firing, and decreased survival. Finally, expression of the ATP7AM1311V variant in Drosophila motor neurons resulted in motor deficits. Apilimod, a drug that targets vesicular transport and recently shown to enhance survival of C9orf72-ALS/FTD iPSC-MNs, also increased survival of ATP7AM1311V iPSC-MNs and reduced motor deficits in Drosophila expressing ATP7AM1311V. Taken together, these observations suggest that ATP7AM1311V negatively impacts its role as a copper transporter and impairs several aspects of motor neuron function and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Bakkar
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Alexander Starr
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Benjamin E Rabichow
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ileana Lorenzini
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Zachary T McEachin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert Kraft
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Matthew Chaung
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sam Macklin-Isquierdo
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Taylor Wingfield
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Briggs Carhart
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | | | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Boulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Rita Sattler
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
| | - Robert Bowser
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
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23
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Johnson MA, Deng Q, Taylor G, McEachin ZT, Chan AWS, Root J, Bassell GJ, Kukar T. Divergent FUS phosphorylation in primate and mouse cells following double-strand DNA damage. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 146:105085. [PMID: 32950644 PMCID: PMC8064403 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is a RNA/DNA protein involved in multiple nuclear and cytoplasmic functions including transcription, splicing, mRNA trafficking, and stress granule formation. To accomplish these many functions, FUS must shuttle between cellular compartments in a highly regulated manner. When shuttling is disrupted, FUS abnormally accumulates into cytoplasmic inclusions that can be toxic. Disrupted shuttling of FUS into the nucleus is a hallmark of ~10% of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) cases, the neuropathology that underlies frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Multiple pathways are known to disrupt nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling of FUS. In earlier work, we discovered that double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) trigger DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) to phosphorylate FUS (p-FUS) at N-terminal residues leading to the cytoplasmic accumulation of FUS. Therefore, DNA damage may contribute to the development of FTLD pathology with FUS inclusions. In the present study, we examined how DSBs effect FUS phosphorylation in various primate and mouse cellular models. All cell lines derived from human and non-human primates exhibit N-terminal FUS phosphorylation following calicheamicin γ1 (CLM) induced DSBs. In contrast, we were unable to detect FUS phosphorylation in mouse-derived primary neurons or immortalized cell lines regardless of CLM treatment, duration, or concentration. Despite DNA damage induced by CLM treatment, we find that mouse cells do not phosphorylate FUS, likely due to reduced levels and activity of DNA-PK compared to human cells. Taken together, our work reveals that mouse-derived cellular models regulate FUS in an anomalous manner compared to primate cells. This raises the possibility that mouse models may not fully recapitulate the pathogenic cascades that lead to FTLD with FUS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Qiudong Deng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Georgia Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Zachary T McEachin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Anthony W S Chan
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Rd, NE, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Root
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Kukar
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
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24
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McEachin ZT, Parameswaran J, Raj N, Bassell GJ, Jiang J. RNA-mediated toxicity in C9orf72 ALS and FTD. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105055. [PMID: 32829028 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the first intron of C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Compelling evidence suggests that gain of toxicity from the bidirectionally transcribed repeat expanded RNAs plays a central role in disease pathogenesis. Two potential mechanisms have been proposed including RNA-mediated toxicity and/or the production of toxic dipeptide repeat proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of RNA mediated toxicity in ALS/FTD caused by the C9orf72 mutation and discuss arguments for and against this mechanism. In addition, we summarize how G4C2 repeat RNAs can elicit toxicity and potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate RNA-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T McEachin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | | - Nisha Raj
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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25
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Lai A, Valdez-Sinon AN, Bassell GJ. Regulation of RNA granules by FMRP and implications for neurological diseases. Traffic 2020; 21:454-462. [PMID: 32374065 PMCID: PMC7377269 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNA granule formation, which can be regulated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) such as fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), acts as a mechanism to control both the repression and subcellular localization of translation. Dysregulated assembly of RNA granules has been implicated in multiple neurological disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thus, it is crucial to understand the cellular pathways impinging upon granule assembly or disassembly. The goal of this review is to summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of the RBP, FMRP, in translational repression underlying RNA granule dynamics, mRNA transport and localized. We summarize the known mechanisms of translational regulation by FMRP, the role of FMRP in RNA transport granules, fragile X granules and stress granules. Focusing on the emerging link between FMRP and stress granules, we propose a model for how hyperassembly and hypoassembly of RNA granules may contribute to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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26
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Das Sharma S, Pal R, Reddy BK, Selvaraj BT, Raj N, Samaga KK, Srinivasan DJ, Ornelas L, Sareen D, Livesey MR, Bassell GJ, Svendsen CN, Kind PC, Chandran S, Chattarji S, Wyllie DJA. Cortical neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells lacking FMRP display altered spontaneous firing patterns. Mol Autism 2020; 11:52. [PMID: 32560741 PMCID: PMC7304215 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is a leading monogenetic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Notwithstanding the extensive studies using rodent and other pre-clinical models of FXS, which have provided detailed mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder, it is only relatively recently that human stem cell-derived neurons have been employed as a model system to further our understanding of the pathophysiological events that may underlie FXS. Our study assesses the physiological properties of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons lacking fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). METHODS Electrophysiological whole-cell voltage- and current-clamp recordings were performed on two control and three FXS patient lines of human cortical neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. In addition, we also describe the properties of an isogenic pair of lines in one of which FMR1 gene expression has been silenced. RESULTS Neurons lacking FMRP displayed bursts of spontaneous action potential firing that were more frequent but shorter in duration compared to those recorded from neurons expressing FMRP. Inhibition of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ currents and the persistent Na+ current in control neurons phenocopies action potential bursting observed in neurons lacking FMRP, while in neurons lacking FMRP pharmacological potentiation of voltage-dependent Na+ channels phenocopies action potential bursting observed in control neurons. Notwithstanding the changes in spontaneous action potential firing, we did not observe any differences in the intrinsic properties of neurons in any of the lines examined. Moreover, we did not detect any differences in the properties of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in any of the lines. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological manipulations can alter the action potential burst profiles in both control and FMRP-null human cortical neurons, making them appear like their genetic counterpart. Our studies indicate that FMRP targets that have been found in rodent models of FXS are also potential targets in a human-based model system, and we suggest potential mechanisms by which activity is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Das Sharma
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India.,The University of Trans-Displinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Rakhi Pal
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Bharath Kumar Reddy
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Bhuvaneish T Selvaraj
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Nisha Raj
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Krishna Kumar Samaga
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Durga J Srinivasan
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India.,The University of Trans-Displinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Loren Ornelas
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,iPSC Core, The David Janet Polak Foundation Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Cedars-Sinai Biomanufacturing Center, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - Dhruv Sareen
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,iPSC Core, The David Janet Polak Foundation Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Cedars-Sinai Biomanufacturing Center, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Peter C Kind
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sumantra Chattarji
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India. .,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK. .,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK. .,National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India.
| | - David J A Wyllie
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India. .,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK. .,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK. .,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
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27
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Goering R, Hudish LI, Guzman BB, Raj N, Bassell GJ, Russ HA, Dominguez D, Taliaferro JM. FMRP promotes RNA localization to neuronal projections through interactions between its RGG domain and G-quadruplex RNA sequences. eLife 2020; 9:e52621. [PMID: 32510328 PMCID: PMC7279889 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sorting of RNA molecules to subcellular locations facilitates the activity of spatially restricted processes. We have analyzed subcellular transcriptomes of FMRP-null mouse neuronal cells to identify transcripts that depend on FMRP for efficient transport to neurites. We found that these transcripts contain an enrichment of G-quadruplex sequences in their 3' UTRs, suggesting that FMRP recognizes them to promote RNA localization. We observed similar results in neurons derived from Fragile X Syndrome patients. We identified the RGG domain of FMRP as important for binding G-quadruplexes and the transport of G-quadruplex-containing transcripts. Finally, we found that the translation and localization targets of FMRP were distinct and that an FMRP mutant that is unable to bind ribosomes still promoted localization of G-quadruplex-containing messages. This suggests that these two regulatory modes of FMRP may be functionally separated. These results provide a framework for the elucidation of similar mechanisms governed by other RNA-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeann Goering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusBoulderUnited States
| | - Laura I Hudish
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusBoulderUnited States
| | - Bryan B Guzman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Nisha Raj
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neurology, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neurology, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Holger A Russ
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusBoulderUnited States
| | - Daniel Dominguez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - J Matthew Taliaferro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusBoulderUnited States
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusBoulderUnited States
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28
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McEachin ZT, Gendron TF, Raj N, García-Murias M, Banerjee A, Purcell RH, Ward PJ, Todd TW, Merritt-Garza ME, Jansen-West K, Hales CM, García-Sobrino T, Quintáns B, Holler CJ, Taylor G, San Millán B, Teijeira S, Yamashita T, Ohkubo R, Boulis NM, Xu C, Wen Z, Streichenberger N, Fogel BL, Kukar T, Abe K, Dickson DW, Arias M, Glass JD, Jiang J, Tansey MG, Sobrido MJ, Petrucelli L, Rossoll W, Bassell GJ. Chimeric Peptide Species Contribute to Divergent Dipeptide Repeat Pathology in c9ALS/FTD and SCA36. Neuron 2020; 107:292-305.e6. [PMID: 32375063 PMCID: PMC8138626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansions (HREs) in C9orf72 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and lead to the production of aggregating dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) via repeat associated non-AUG (RAN) translation. Here, we show the similar intronic GGCCTG HREs that causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 36 (SCA36) is also translated into DPRs, including poly(GP) and poly(PR). We demonstrate that poly(GP) is more abundant in SCA36 compared to c9ALS/FTD patient tissue due to canonical AUG-mediated translation from intron-retained GGCCTG repeat RNAs. However, the frequency of the antisense RAN translation product poly(PR) is comparable between c9ALS/FTD and SCA36 patient samples. Interestingly, in SCA36 patient tissue, poly(GP) exists as a soluble species, and no TDP-43 pathology is present. We show that aggregate-prone chimeric DPR (cDPR) species underlie the divergent DPR pathology between c9ALS/FTD and SCA36. These findings reveal key differences in translation, solubility, and protein aggregation of DPRs between c9ALS/FTD and SCA36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T McEachin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nisha Raj
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - María García-Murias
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anwesha Banerjee
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ryan H Purcell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Patricia J Ward
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tiffany W Todd
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Karen Jansen-West
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Chadwick M Hales
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tania García-Sobrino
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Quintáns
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Christopher J Holler
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Georgia Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Beatriz San Millán
- Rare Diseases and Pediatric Medicine Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; Pathology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Susana Teijeira
- Rare Diseases and Pediatric Medicine Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; Pathology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ohkubo
- Department of Neurology, Fujimoto General Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nicholas M Boulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chongchong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nathalie Streichenberger
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France; Institut NeuroMyogène CNRS UMR 5310
| | | | - Brent L Fogel
- Department of Neurology & Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas Kukar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Manuel Arias
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - María-Jesús Sobrido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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29
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Valdez-Sinon AN, Lai A, Shi L, Lancaster CL, Gokhale A, Faundez V, Bassell GJ. Cdh1-APC Regulates Protein Synthesis and Stress Granules in Neurons through an FMRP-Dependent Mechanism. iScience 2020; 23:101132. [PMID: 32434143 PMCID: PMC7236060 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a balance between protein degradation and protein synthesis is necessary for neurodevelopment. Although the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex and its regulatory subunit Cdh1 (Cdh1-APC) has been shown to regulate learning and memory, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we have identified a role of Cdh1-APC as a regulator of protein synthesis in neurons. Proteomic profiling revealed that Cdh1-APC interacts with known regulators of translation, including stress granule proteins. Inhibition of Cdh1-APC activity caused an increase in stress granule formation that is dependent on fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). We propose a model in which Cdh1-APC targets stress granule proteins, such as FMRP, and inhibits the formation of stress granules, leading to protein synthesis. Elucidation of a role for Cdh1-APC in regulation of stress granules and protein synthesis in neurons has implications for how Cdh1-APC can regulate protein-synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Austin Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Carly L. Lancaster
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,Corresponding author
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30
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Bülow P, Murphy TJ, Bassell GJ, Wenner P. Homeostatic Intrinsic Plasticity Is Functionally Altered in Fmr1 KO Cortical Neurons. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1378-1388.e3. [PMID: 30726724 PMCID: PMC6443253 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical hyperexcitability is a hallmark of fragile X syndrome (FXS). In the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse model of FXS,
cortical hyperexcitability is linked to sensory hypersensitivity and seizure susceptibility. It remains unclear why homeostatic
mechanisms fail to prevent such activity. Homeostatic intrinsic plasticity (HIP) adjusts membrane excitability through regulation
of ion channels to maintain activity levels following activity perturbation. Despite the critical role of HIP in the maturation of
excitability, it has not been examined in FXS. Here, we demonstrate that HIP does not operate normally in a disease model, FXS.
HIP was either lost or exaggerated in two distinct neuronal populations from Fmr1 KO cortical cultures. In addition, we have
identified a mechanism for homeostatic intrinsic plasticity. Compromising HIP function during development could leave cortical
neurons in the FXS nervous system vulnerable to hyperexcitability. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is characterized by cortical hyperexcitability, but the mechanisms driving hyperexcitability are
poorly understood. Homeostatic intrinsic plasticity (HIP) regulates ion channel function to maintain appropriate activity levels.
Bülow et al. show that HIP is functionally altered in FXS neurons, which may leave cortical neurons vulnerable to
hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Bülow
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - T J Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Peter Wenner
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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31
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Rodriguez CM, Wright SE, Kearse MG, Haenfler JM, Flores BN, Liu Y, Ifrim MF, Glineburg MR, Krans A, Jafar-Nejad P, Sutton MA, Bassell GJ, Parent JM, Rigo F, Barmada SJ, Todd PK. A native function for RAN translation and CGG repeats in regulating fragile X protein synthesis. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:386-397. [PMID: 32066985 PMCID: PMC7668390 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Repeat-associated non-AUG translation of expanded CGG repeats (CGG RAN) from the FMR1 5’ UTR produces toxic proteins that contribute to neurodegeneration in Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). Here we describe how unexpanded CGG repeats and their translation play conserved roles in regulating FMRP synthesis. In neurons, CGG RAN acts as an inhibitory upstream open reading frame to suppress basal FMRP production. Activation of mGluR5 receptors enhances FMRP synthesis. This enhancement requires both the CGG repeat and CGG RAN initiation sites. Using non-cleaving antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), we selectively blocked RAN translation. This ASO blockade enhanced endogenous human neuronal FMRP expression. In human and rodent neurons, RAN blocking ASOs suppressed repeat toxicity and prolonged survival. These findings delineate a native function for CGG repeats and RAN translation in regulating basal and activity-dependent FMRP synthesis and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of modulating CGG RAN translation in fragile X-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shannon E Wright
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael G Kearse
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jill M Haenfler
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brittany N Flores
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marius F Ifrim
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary R Glineburg
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy Krans
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Michael A Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Sami J Barmada
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter K Todd
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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32
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Imperatore JA, McAninch DS, Valdez-Sinon AN, Bassell GJ, Mihailescu MR. FUS Recognizes G Quadruplex Structures Within Neuronal mRNAs. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:6. [PMID: 32118033 PMCID: PMC7018707 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma (FUS), identified as the heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein P2, is expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissue, and among other functions, has been implicated in messenger RNA (mRNA) transport and possibly local translation regulation. Although FUS is mainly localized to the nucleus, in the neurons FUS has also been shown to localize to the post-synaptic density, as well as to the pre-synapse. Additionally, the FUS deletion in cultured hippocampal cells results in abnormal spine and dendrite morphology. Thus, FUS may play a role in synaptic function regulation, mRNA localization, and local translation. Many dendritic mRNAs have been shown to form G quadruplex structures in their 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Since FUS contains three arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG) boxes, an RNA binding domain shown to bind with high affinity and specificity to RNA G quadruplex structures, in this study we hypothesized that FUS recognizes these structural elements in its neuronal mRNA targets. Two neuronal mRNAs found in the pre- and post-synapse are the post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and Shank1 mRNAs, which encode for proteins involved in synaptic plasticity, maintenance, and function. These mRNAs have been shown to form 3'-UTR G quadruplex structures and were also enriched in FUS hydrogels. In this study, we used native gel electrophoresis and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy to demonstrate specific nanomolar binding of the FUS C-terminal RGG box and of full-length FUS to the RNA G quadruplex structures formed in the 3'-UTR of PSD-95 and Shank1a mRNAs. These results point toward a novel mechanism by which FUS targets neuronal mRNA and given that these PSD-95 and Shank1 3'-UTR G quadruplex structures are also targeted by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), they raise the possibility that FUS and FMRP might work together to regulate the translation of these neuronal mRNA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Imperatore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Damian S. McAninch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Gary J. Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mihaela Rita Mihailescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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33
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Perszyk RE, Swanger SA, Shelley C, Khatri A, Fernandez-Cuervo G, Epplin MP, Zhang J, Le P, Bülow P, Garnier-Amblard E, Gangireddy PKR, Bassell GJ, Yuan H, Menaldino DS, Liotta DC, Liebeskind LS, Traynelis SF. Biased modulators of NMDA receptors control channel opening and ion selectivity. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:188-196. [PMID: 31959964 PMCID: PMC6986806 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulators of ion channels typically alter the transitions rates between conformational states without changing the properties of the open pore. Here we describe a new class of positive allosteric modulators of N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) that mediate a calcium-permeable component of glutamatergic synaptic transmission and play essential roles in learning, memory and cognition, as well as neurological disease. EU1622-14 increases agonist potency and channel-open probability, slows receptor deactivation and decreases both single-channel conductance and calcium permeability. The unique functional selectivity of this chemical probe reveals a mechanism for enhancing NMDAR function while limiting excess calcium influx, and shows that allosteric modulators can act as biased modulators of ion-channel permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley E. Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sharon A. Swanger
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322,Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland School of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Chris Shelley
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322,Department of Biology, University of the South, Sewanee, TN 37383
| | - Alpa Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | | | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Pernille Bülow
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | | | - Gary J. Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | | | | | - Stephen F. Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322,Correspondence to: Stephen F. Traynelis, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, , 404-727-0357
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34
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Yun Y, Hong SA, Kim KK, Baek D, Lee D, Londhe AM, Lee M, Yu J, McEachin ZT, Bassell GJ, Bowser R, Hales CM, Cho SR, Kim J, Pae AN, Cheong E, Kim S, Boulis NM, Bae S, Ha Y. CRISPR-mediated gene correction links the ATP7A M1311V mutations with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis in one individual. Commun Biol 2020; 3:33. [PMID: 31959876 PMCID: PMC6970999 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe disease causing motor neuron death, but a complete cure has not been developed and related genes have not been defined in more than 80% of cases. Here we compared whole genome sequencing results from a male ALS patient and his healthy parents to identify relevant variants, and chose one variant in the X-linked ATP7A gene, M1311V, as a strong disease-linked candidate after profound examination. Although this variant is not rare in the Ashkenazi Jewish population according to results in the genome aggregation database (gnomAD), CRISPR-mediated gene correction of this mutation in patient-derived and re-differentiated motor neurons drastically rescued neuronal activities and functions. These results suggest that the ATP7A M1311V mutation has a potential responsibility for ALS in this patient and might be a potential therapeutic target, revealed here by a personalized medicine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeomin Yun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ah Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Ka-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Daye Baek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Dongsu Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ashwini M Londhe
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul, 130-650, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Zachary T McEachin
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Robert Bowser
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Chadwick M Hales
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul, 130-650, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Nicholas M Boulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Yoon Ha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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35
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Abstract
Two papers in Cell uncover reciprocal crosstalk of local translation and mitochondria in neurons. Rangaraju et al. (2019) observe tethered compartments of stable mitochondria in dendrites that provide a local energy supply for mRNA translation at synapses. Cioni et al. (2019) report a novel association of axonal RNA granules with Rab7a-late endosomes that provides a platform for local translation supporting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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36
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Whyte AJ, Kietzman HW, Swanson AM, Butkovich LM, Barbee BR, Bassell GJ, Gross C, Gourley SL. Reward-Related Expectations Trigger Dendritic Spine Plasticity in the Mouse Ventrolateral Orbitofrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4595-4605. [PMID: 30940719 PMCID: PMC6554633 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2031-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An essential aspect of goal-directed decision-making is selecting actions based on anticipated consequences, a process that involves the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and potentially, the plasticity of dendritic spines in this region. To investigate this possibility, we trained male and female mice to nose poke for food reinforcers, or we delivered the same number of food reinforcers non-contingently to separate mice. We then decreased the likelihood of reinforcement for trained mice, requiring them to modify action-outcome expectations. In a separate experiment, we blocked action-outcome updating via chemogenetic inactivation of the OFC. In both cases, successfully selecting actions based on their likely consequences was associated with fewer immature, thin-shaped dendritic spines and a greater proportion of mature, mushroom-shaped spines in the ventrolateral OFC. This pattern was distinct from spine loss associated with aging, and we identified no effects on hippocampal CA1 neurons. Given that the OFC is involved in prospective calculations of likely outcomes, even when they are not observable, constraining spinogenesis while preserving mature spines may be important for solidifying durable expectations. To investigate causal relationships, we inhibited the RNA-binding protein fragile X mental retardation protein (encoded by Fmr1), which constrains dendritic spine turnover. Ventrolateral OFC-selective Fmr1 knockdown recapitulated the behavioral effects of inducible OFC inactivation (and lesions; also shown here), impairing action-outcome conditioning, and caused dendritic spine excess. Our findings suggest that a proper balance of dendritic spine plasticity within the OFC is necessary for one's ability to select actions based on anticipated consequences.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Navigating a changing environment requires associating actions with their likely outcomes and updating these associations when they change. Dendritic spine plasticity is likely involved, yet relationships are unconfirmed. Using behavioral, chemogenetic, and viral-mediated gene silencing strategies and high-resolution microscopy, we find that modifying action-outcome expectations is associated with fewer immature spines and a greater proportion of mature spines in the ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Given that the OFC is involved in prospectively calculating the likely outcomes of one's behavior, even when they are not observable, constraining spinogenesis while preserving mature spines may be important for maintaining durable expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonzo J Whyte
- Departments of Cell Biology
- Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center
| | - Henry W Kietzman
- Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience
| | - Andrew M Swanson
- Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience
| | - Laura M Butkovich
- Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience
| | - Britton R Barbee
- Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Departments of Cell Biology
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience
| | - Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine,
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
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37
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Gross C, Banerjee A, Tiwari D, Longo F, White AR, Allen AG, Schroeder-Carter LM, Krzeski JC, Elsayed NA, Puckett R, Klann E, Rivero RA, Gourley SL, Bassell GJ. Isoform-selective phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition ameliorates a broad range of fragile X syndrome-associated deficits in a mouse model. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:324-333. [PMID: 30061744 PMCID: PMC6300538 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway are shared characteristics in several brain disorders, including the inherited intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, fragile X syndrome (FXS). PI3K signaling therefore could serve as a therapeutic target for FXS and other brain disorders. However, broad inhibition of such a central signal transduction pathway involved in essential cellular functions may produce deleterious side effects. Pharmacological strategies that selectively correct the overactive components of the PI3K pathway while leaving other parts of the pathway intact may overcome these challenges. Here, we provide the first evidence that disease mechanism-based PI3K isoform-specific inhibition may be a viable treatment option for FXS. FXS is caused by loss of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which translationally represses specific messenger RNAs, including the PI3K catalytic isoform p110β. FMRP deficiency increases p110β protein levels and activity in FXS mouse models and in cells from subjects with FXS. Here, we show that a novel, brain-permeable p110β-specific inhibitor, GSK2702926A, ameliorates FXS-associated phenotypes on molecular, cellular, behavioral, and cognitive levels in two different FMRP-deficient mouse models. Rescued phenotypes included increased PI3K downstream signaling, protein synthesis rates, and dendritic spine density, as well as impaired social interaction and higher-order cognition. Several p110β-selective inhibitors, for example, a molecule from the same chemotype as GSK2702926A, are currently being evaluated in clinical trials to treat cancer. Our results suggest that repurposing p110β inhibitors to treat cognitive and behavioral defects may be a promising disease-modifying strategy for FXS and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Anwesha Banerjee
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Durgesh Tiwari
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Francesco Longo
- 0000 0004 1936 8753grid.137628.9Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Angela R. White
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - A. G. Allen
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Lindsay M. Schroeder-Carter
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Joseph C. Krzeski
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Nada A. Elsayed
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Rosemary Puckett
- 0000 0004 1936 8753grid.137628.9Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Eric Klann
- 0000 0004 1936 8753grid.137628.9Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Ralph A. Rivero
- 0000 0004 0393 4335grid.418019.5GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA
| | - Shannon L. Gourley
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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38
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Thomas KT, Gross C, Bassell GJ. microRNAs Sculpt Neuronal Communication in a Tight Balance That Is Lost in Neurological Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:455. [PMID: 30618607 PMCID: PMC6299112 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first microRNA 25 years ago, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression within the mammalian brain. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that direct the RNA induced silencing complex to complementary sites on mRNA targets, leading to translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. Within the brain, intra- and extracellular signaling events tune the levels and activities of miRNAs to suit the needs of individual neurons under changing cellular contexts. Conversely, miRNAs shape neuronal communication by regulating the synthesis of proteins that mediate synaptic transmission and other forms of neuronal signaling. Several miRNAs have been shown to be critical for brain function regulating, for example, enduring forms of synaptic plasticity and dendritic morphology. Deficits in miRNA biogenesis have been linked to neurological deficits in humans, and widespread changes in miRNA levels occur in epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and in response to less dramatic brain insults in rodent models. Manipulation of certain miRNAs can also alter the representation and progression of some of these disorders in rodent models. Recently, microdeletions encompassing MIR137HG, the host gene which encodes the miRNA miR-137, have been linked to autism and intellectual disability, and genome wide association studies have linked this locus to schizophrenia. Recent studies have demonstrated that miR-137 regulates several forms of synaptic plasticity as well as signaling cascades thought to be aberrant in schizophrenia. Together, these studies suggest a mechanism by which miRNA dysregulation might contribute to psychiatric disease and highlight the power of miRNAs to influence the human brain by sculpting communication between neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen T. Thomas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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39
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Bienkowski RS, Banerjee A, Rounds JC, Rha J, Omotade OF, Gross C, Morris KJ, Leung SW, Pak C, Jones SK, Santoro MR, Warren ST, Zheng JQ, Bassell GJ, Corbett AH, Moberg KH. The Conserved, Disease-Associated RNA Binding Protein dNab2 Interacts with the Fragile X Protein Ortholog in Drosophila Neurons. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1372-1384. [PMID: 28793261 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila dNab2 protein is an ortholog of human ZC3H14, a poly(A) RNA binding protein required for intellectual function. dNab2 supports memory and axon projection, but its molecular role in neurons is undefined. Here, we present a network of interactions that links dNab2 to cytoplasmic control of neuronal mRNAs in conjunction with the fragile X protein ortholog dFMRP. dNab2 and dfmr1 interact genetically in control of neurodevelopment and olfactory memory, and their encoded proteins co-localize in puncta within neuronal processes. dNab2 regulates CaMKII, but not futsch, implying a selective role in control of dFMRP-bound transcripts. Reciprocally, dFMRP and vertebrate FMRP restrict mRNA poly(A) tail length, similar to dNab2/ZC3H14. Parallel studies of murine hippocampal neurons indicate that ZC3H14 is also a cytoplasmic regulator of neuronal mRNAs. Altogether, these findings suggest that dNab2 represses expression of a subset of dFMRP-target mRNAs, which could underlie brain-specific defects in patients lacking ZC3H14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick S Bienkowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ayan Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - J Christopher Rounds
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jennifer Rha
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Omotola F Omotade
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christina Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kevin J Morris
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sara W Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - ChangHui Pak
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephanie K Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael R Santoro
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephen T Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - James Q Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Kenneth H Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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40
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Banerjee A, Ifrim MF, Valdez AN, Raj N, Bassell GJ. Aberrant RNA translation in fragile X syndrome: From FMRP mechanisms to emerging therapeutic strategies. Brain Res 2018; 1693:24-36. [PMID: 29653083 PMCID: PMC7377270 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research in the past decades has unfolded the multifaceted role of Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and how its absence contributes to the pathophysiology of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Excess signaling through group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors is commonly observed in mouse models of FXS, which in part is attributed to dysregulated translation and downstream signaling. Considering the wide spectrum of cellular and physiologic functions that loss of FMRP can affect in general, it may be advantageous to pursue disease mechanism based treatments that directly target translational components or signaling factors that regulate protein synthesis. Various FMRP targets upstream and downstream of the translational machinery are therefore being investigated to further our understanding of the molecular mechanism of RNA and protein synthesis dysregulation in FXS as well as test their potential role as therapeutic interventions to alleviate FXS associated symptoms. In this review, we will broadly discuss recent advancements made towards understanding the role of FMRP in translation regulation, new pre-clinical animal models with FMRP targets located at different levels of the translational and signal transduction pathways for therapeutic intervention as well as future use of stem cells to model FXS associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Banerjee
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Marius F Ifrim
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Arielle N Valdez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nisha Raj
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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41
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Rha J, Jones SK, Fidler J, Banerjee A, Leung SW, Morris KJ, Wong JC, Inglis GAS, Shapiro L, Deng Q, Cutler AA, Hanif AM, Pardue MT, Schaffer A, Seyfried NT, Moberg KH, Bassell GJ, Escayg A, García PS, Corbett AH. The RNA-binding protein, ZC3H14, is required for proper poly(A) tail length control, expression of synaptic proteins, and brain function in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3663-3681. [PMID: 28666327 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of mutations in genes that encode ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding proteins cause tissue specific disease. Many of these diseases are neurological in nature revealing critical roles for this class of proteins in the brain. We recently identified mutations in a gene that encodes a ubiquitously expressed polyadenosine RNA-binding protein, ZC3H14 (Zinc finger CysCysCysHis domain-containing protein 14), that cause a nonsyndromic, autosomal recessive form of intellectual disability. This finding reveals the molecular basis for disease and provides evidence that ZC3H14 is essential for proper brain function. To investigate the role of ZC3H14 in the mammalian brain, we generated a mouse in which the first common exon of the ZC3H14 gene, exon 13 is removed (Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13) leading to a truncated ZC3H14 protein. We report here that, as in the patients, Zc3h14 is not essential in mice. Utilizing these Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13mice, we provide the first in vivo functional characterization of ZC3H14 as a regulator of RNA poly(A) tail length. The Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13 mice show enlarged lateral ventricles in the brain as well as impaired working memory. Proteomic analysis comparing the hippocampi of Zc3h14+/+ and Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13 mice reveals dysregulation of several pathways that are important for proper brain function and thus sheds light onto which pathways are most affected by the loss of ZC3H14. Among the proteins increased in the hippocampi of Zc3h14Δex13/Δex13 mice compared to control are key synaptic proteins including CaMK2a. This newly generated mouse serves as a tool to study the function of ZC3H14 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rha
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephanie K Jones
- Department of Biology.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan Fidler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine & Research Division, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin J Morris
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Biology
| | - Jennifer C Wong
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - George Andrew S Inglis
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lindsey Shapiro
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Qiudong Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alicia A Cutler
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Adam M Hanif
- Department of Opthamology, Emory University School of Medicine & Research Division, & Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Department of Opthamology, Emory University School of Medicine & Research Division, & Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ashleigh Schaffer
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4955, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kenneth H Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew Escayg
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Paul S García
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine & Research Division, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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42
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Donlin-Asp PG, Fallini C, Campos J, Chou CC, Merritt ME, Phan HC, Bassell GJ, Rossoll W. The Survival of Motor Neuron Protein Acts as a Molecular Chaperone for mRNP Assembly. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1660-1673. [PMID: 28199839 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN is part of a multiprotein complex that facilitates the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). SMN has also been found to associate with mRNA-binding proteins, but the nature of this association was unknown. Here, we have employed a combination of biochemical and advanced imaging methods to demonstrate that SMN promotes the molecular interaction between IMP1 protein and the 3' UTR zipcode region of β-actin mRNA, leading to assembly of messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes that associate with the cytoskeleton to facilitate trafficking. We have identified defects in mRNP assembly in cells and tissues from SMA disease models and patients that depend on the SMN Tudor domain and explain the observed deficiency in mRNA localization and local translation, providing insight into SMA pathogenesis as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-assembly disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Donlin-Asp
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Claudia Fallini
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jazmin Campos
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ching-Chieh Chou
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Megan E Merritt
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Han C Phan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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43
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Ivanova TN, Gross C, Mappus RC, Kwon YJ, Bassell GJ, Liu RC. Familiarity with a vocal category biases the compartmental expression of Arc/Arg3.1 in core auditory cortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:612-621. [PMID: 29142056 PMCID: PMC5688959 DOI: 10.1101/lm.046086.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Learning to recognize a stimulus category requires experience with its many natural variations. However, the mechanisms that allow a category's sensorineural representation to be updated after experiencing new exemplars are not well understood, particularly at the molecular level. Here we investigate how a natural vocal category induces expression in the auditory system of a key synaptic plasticity effector immediate early gene, Arc/Arg3.1, which is required for memory consolidation. We use the ultrasonic communication system between mouse pups and adult females to study whether prior familiarity with pup vocalizations alters how Arc is engaged in the core auditory cortex after playback of novel exemplars from the pup vocal category. A computerized, 3D surface-assisted cellular compartmental analysis, validated against manual cell counts, demonstrates significant changes in the recruitment of neurons expressing Arc in pup-experienced animals (mothers and virgin females “cocaring” for pups) compared with pup-inexperienced animals (pup-naïve virgins), especially when listening to more familiar, natural calls compared to less familiar but similarly recognized tonal model calls. Our data support the hypothesis that the kinetics of Arc induction to refine cortical representations of sensory categories is sensitive to the familiarity of the sensory experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara N Ivanova
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Christina Gross
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Rudolph C Mappus
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Yong Jun Kwon
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Robert C Liu
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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44
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Gross C, Yao X, Engel T, Tiwari D, Xing L, Rowley S, Danielson SW, Thomas KT, Jimenez-Mateos EM, Schroeder LM, Pun RYK, Danzer SC, Henshall DC, Bassell GJ. MicroRNA-Mediated Downregulation of the Potassium Channel Kv4.2 Contributes to Seizure Onset. Cell Rep 2017; 17:37-45. [PMID: 27681419 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seizures are bursts of excessive synchronized neuronal activity, suggesting that mechanisms controlling brain excitability are compromised. The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv4.2, a major mediator of hyperpolarizing A-type currents in the brain, is a crucial regulator of neuronal excitability. Kv4.2 expression levels are reduced following seizures and in epilepsy, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that Kv4.2 mRNA is recruited to the RNA-induced silencing complex shortly after status epilepticus in mice and after kainic acid treatment of hippocampal neurons, coincident with reduction of Kv4.2 protein. We show that the microRNA miR-324-5p inhibits Kv4.2 protein expression and that antagonizing miR-324-5p is neuroprotective and seizure suppressive. MiR-324-5p inhibition also blocks kainic-acid-induced reduction of Kv4.2 protein in vitro and in vivo and delays kainic-acid-induced seizure onset in wild-type but not in Kcnd2 knockout mice. These results reveal an important role for miR-324-5p-mediated silencing of Kv4.2 in seizure onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Xiaodi Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Durgesh Tiwari
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shane Rowley
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Scott W Danielson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kristen T Thomas
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eva M Jimenez-Mateos
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lindsay M Schroeder
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Raymund Y K Pun
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Steve C Danzer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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45
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McAninch DS, Heinaman AM, Lang CN, Moss KR, Bassell GJ, Rita Mihailescu M, Evans TL. Fragile X mental retardation protein recognizes a G quadruplex structure within the survival motor neuron domain containing 1 mRNA 5'-UTR. Mol Biosyst 2017; 13:1448-1457. [PMID: 28612854 PMCID: PMC5544254 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
G quadruplex structures have been predicted by bioinformatics to form in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of several thousand mature mRNAs and are believed to play a role in translation regulation. Elucidation of these roles has primarily been focused on the 3'-UTR, with limited focus on characterizing the G quadruplex structures and functions in the 5'-UTR. Investigation of the affinity and specificity of RNA binding proteins for 5'-UTR G quadruplexes and the resulting regulatory effects have also been limited. Among the mRNAs predicted to form a G quadruplex structure within the 5'-UTR is the survival motor neuron domain containing 1 (SMNDC1) mRNA, encoding a protein that is critical to the spliceosome. Additionally, this mRNA has been identified as a potential target of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), whose loss of expression leads to fragile X syndrome. FMRP is an RNA binding protein involved in translation regulation that has been shown to bind mRNA targets that form G quadruplex structures. In this study we have used biophysical methods to investigate G quadruplex formation in the 5'-UTR of SMNDC1 mRNA and analyzed its interactions with FMRP. Our results show that SMNDC1 mRNA 5'-UTR forms an intramolecular, parallel G quadruplex structure comprised of three G quartet planes, which is bound specifically by FMRP both in vitro and in mouse brain lysates. These findings suggest a model by which FMRP might regulate the translation of a subset of its mRNA targets by recognizing the G quadruplex structure present in their 5'-UTR, and affecting their accessibility by the protein synthesis machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian S McAninch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA.
| | - Ashley M Heinaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, Johnstown, Pennsylvania 15904, USA
| | - Cara N Lang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, Johnstown, Pennsylvania 15904, USA
| | - Kathryn R Moss
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Mihaela Rita Mihailescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA.
| | - Timothy L Evans
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, Johnstown, Pennsylvania 15904, USA
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46
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Donlin-Asp PG, Rossoll W, Bassell GJ. Spatially and temporally regulating translation via mRNA-binding proteins in cellular and neuronal function. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1508-1525. [PMID: 28295262 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated regulation of mRNA localization and local translation are essential steps in cellular asymmetry and function. It is increasingly evident that mRNA-binding proteins play critical functions in controlling the fate of mRNA, including when and where translation occurs. In this review, we discuss the robust and complex roles that mRNA-binding proteins play in the regulation of local translation that impact cellular function in vertebrates. First, we discuss the role of local translation in cellular polarity and possible links to vertebrate development and patterning. Next, we discuss the expanding role for local protein synthesis in neuronal development and function, with special focus on how a number of neurological diseases have given us insight into the importance of translational regulation. Finally, we discuss the ever-increasing set of tools to study regulated translation and how these tools will be vital in pushing forward and addressing the outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Donlin-Asp
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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47
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Anderson BR, Chopra P, Suhl JA, Warren ST, Bassell GJ. Identification of consensus binding sites clarifies FMRP binding determinants. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:6649-59. [PMID: 27378784 PMCID: PMC5001617 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein with crucial roles in neuronal development and function. Efforts aimed at elucidating how FMRP target mRNAs are selected have produced divergent sets of target mRNA and putative FMRP-bound motifs, and a clear understanding of FMRP's binding determinants has been lacking. To clarify FMRP's binding to its target mRNAs, we produced a shared dataset of FMRP consensus binding sequences (FCBS), which were reproducibly identified in two published FMRP CLIP sequencing datasets. This comparative dataset revealed that of the various sequence and structural motifs that have been proposed to specify FMRP binding, the short sequence motifs TGGA and GAC were corroborated, and a novel TAY motif was identified. In addition, the distribution of the FCBS set demonstrates that FMRP preferentially binds to the coding region of its targets but also revealed binding along 3' UTRs in a subset of target mRNAs. Beyond probing these putative motifs, the FCBS dataset of reproducibly identified FMRP binding sites is a valuable tool for investigating FMRP targets and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart R Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pankaj Chopra
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joshua A Suhl
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephen T Warren
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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48
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Holler CJ, Taylor G, McEachin ZT, Deng Q, Watkins WJ, Hudson K, Easley CA, Hu WT, Hales CM, Rossoll W, Bassell GJ, Kukar T. Trehalose upregulates progranulin expression in human and mouse models of GRN haploinsufficiency: a novel therapeutic lead to treat frontotemporal dementia. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:46. [PMID: 27341800 PMCID: PMC4919863 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted growth factor important for neuronal survival and may do so, in part, by regulating lysosome homeostasis. Mutations in the PGRN gene (GRN) are a common cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and lead to disease through PGRN haploinsufficiency. Additionally, complete loss of PGRN in humans leads to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a lysosomal storage disease. Importantly, Grn-/- mouse models recapitulate pathogenic lysosomal features of NCL. Further, GRN variants that decrease PGRN expression increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Together these findings demonstrate that insufficient PGRN predisposes neurons to degeneration. Therefore, compounds that increase PGRN levels are potential therapeutics for multiple neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS Here, we performed a cell-based screen of a library of known autophagy-lysosome modulators and identified multiple novel activators of a human GRN promoter reporter including several common mTOR inhibitors and an mTOR-independent activator of autophagy, trehalose. Secondary cellular screens identified trehalose, a natural disaccharide, as the most promising lead compound because it increased endogenous PGRN in all cell lines tested and has multiple reported neuroprotective properties. Trehalose dose-dependently increased GRN mRNA as well as intracellular and secreted PGRN in both mouse and human cell lines and this effect was independent of the transcription factor EB (TFEB). Moreover, trehalose rescued PGRN deficiency in human fibroblasts and neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from GRN mutation carriers. Finally, oral administration of trehalose to Grn haploinsufficient mice significantly increased PGRN expression in the brain. CONCLUSIONS This work reports several novel autophagy-lysosome modulators that enhance PGRN expression and identifies trehalose as a promising therapeutic for raising PGRN levels to treat multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Holler
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Georgia Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zachary T McEachin
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Qiudong Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - William J Watkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kathryn Hudson
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Charles A Easley
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - William T Hu
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chadwick M Hales
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Thomas Kukar
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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49
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Donlin-Asp PG, Bassell GJ, Rossoll W. A role for the survival of motor neuron protein in mRNP assembly and transport. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 39:53-61. [PMID: 27131421 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Localization and local translation of mRNA plays a key role in neuronal development and function. While studies in various systems have provided insights into molecular mechanisms of mRNA transport and local protein synthesis, the factors that control the assembly of mRNAs and mRNA binding proteins into messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) transport granules remain largely unknown. In this review we will discuss how insights on a motor neuron disease, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), is advancing our understanding of regulated assembly of transport competent mRNPs and how defects in their assembly and delivery may contribute to the degeneration of motor neurons observed in SMA and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Donlin-Asp
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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50
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Poopal AC, Schroeder LM, Horn PS, Bassell GJ, Gross C. Increased expression of the PI3K catalytic subunit p110δ underlies elevated S6 phosphorylation and protein synthesis in an individual with autism from a multiplex family. Mol Autism 2016; 7:3. [PMID: 26770665 PMCID: PMC4712554 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-015-0066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysfunctions in the PI3K/mTOR pathway have gained a lot of attention in autism research. This was initially based on the discovery of several monogenic autism spectrum disorders with mutations or defects in PI3K/mTOR signaling components. Recent genetic studies corroborate that defective PI3K/mTOR signaling might be a shared pathomechanism in autism disorders of so far unknown etiology, but functional molecular analyses in human cells are rare. The goals of this study were to perform a functional screen of cell lines from patients with idiopathic autism for defects in PI3K/mTOR signaling, to test if further functional analyses are suitable to detect underlying molecular mechanisms, and to evaluate this approach as a biomarker tool to identify therapeutic targets. Methods We performed phospho-S6- and S6-specific ELISA experiments on 21 lymphoblastoid cell lines from the AGRE collection and on 37 lymphoblastoid cell lines from the Simons Simplex Collection and their healthy siblings. Cell lines from one individual with increased S6 phosphorylation and his multiplex family were analyzed in further detail to identify upstream defects in PI3K signaling associated with autism diagnosis. Results We detected significantly increased S6 phosphorylation in 3 of the 21 lymphoblastoid cell lines from AGRE compared to a healthy control and in 1 of the 37 lymphoblastoid cell lines from the Simons Simplex Collection compared to the healthy sibling. Further analysis of cells from one individual with elevated S6 phosphorylation showed increased expression of the PI3K catalytic subunit p110δ, which was also observed in lymphoblastoid cells from other autistic siblings but not unaffected members in his multiplex family. The p110δ-selective inhibitor IC87114 reduced elevated S6 phosphorylation and protein synthesis in this cell line. Conclusions Our results suggest that functional analysis of PI3K/mTOR signaling is a biomarker tool to identify disease-associated molecular defects that could serve as therapeutic targets in autism. Using this approach, we discovered impaired signaling and protein synthesis through the PI3K catalytic subunit p110δ as an underlying molecular defect and potential treatment target in select autism spectrum disorders. Increased p110δ activity was recently associated with schizophrenia, and our results suggest that p110δ may also be implicated in autism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13229-015-0066-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini C Poopal
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University Medical School, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Lindsay M Schroeder
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA ; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University Medical School, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Christina Gross
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University Medical School, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ; Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
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