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Kim H, Youn K, Ahn MR, Kim OY, Jeong WS, Ho CT, Jun M. Neuroprotective effect of loganin against Aβ25-35-induced injury via the NF-κB-dependent signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Food Funct 2016; 6:1108-16. [PMID: 25778782 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein, the main constituent of senile plaques, is believed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is closely associated with inflammatory reactions which are considered to be responses to Aβ deposition. The present study investigated the effect of loganin on Aβ25-35-induced inflammatory damage and the underlying molecular mechanism of its neuroprotective action. Loganin predominantly prevented Aβ25-35-stimulated cell death through suppressing ROS generation, and attenuating apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 activity and regulating cell cycle. Furthermore, loganin suppressed the level of TNF-α and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in Aβ25-35-injured PC12 cells. These inhibitions appeared to correlate with the suppression of NF-κB activation by loganin, as pre-treating cells with loganin blocked the translocation of NF-κB into the nuclear compartment and degradation of the inhibitory subunit IκB. Loganin substantially inhibited phosphorylation of MAPKs including ERK1/2, p38 and JNK, which are closely related to regulation of NF-κB activation. Taken together, the results implied that loganin attenuated neuroinflammatory responses through the inactivation of NF-κB by NF-κB dependent inflammatory pathways and phosphorylation of MAPK in Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeri Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea.
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Xu H, Zhan L, Zhang L. Comparison of microwave-assisted and heat reflux extraction techniques for the extraction of ten major compounds from Zibu Piyin Recipe using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1009-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Libin Zhan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
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Pang H, Wu L, Tang Y, Zhou G, Qu C, Duan JA. Chemical Analysis of the Herbal Medicine Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen). Molecules 2016; 21:51. [PMID: 26742026 PMCID: PMC6273254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae et Rhizoma, known as Danshen in China, is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines. Recently, there has been increasing scientific attention on Danshen for its remarkable bioactivities, such as promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and clearing away heat. This review summarized the advances in chemical analysis of Danshen and its preparations since 2009. Representative established methods were reviewed, including spectroscopy, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography (LC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), capillary electrophoresis, electrochemistry, and bioanalysis. Especially the analysis of polysaccharides in Danshen was discussed for the first time. Some proposals were also put forward to benefit quality control of Danshen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Pang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liang Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuping Tang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cheng Qu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Adewusi EA, Steenkamp V. Medicinal plants and their derivatives with amyloid beta inhibitory activity as potential targets for drug discovery. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Zhang C, Jiang S, Li K, Wang M, Zhu R, Sun X, Wang Q, Wang S. The triplet state of tanshinone I and its synergic effect on the phototherapy of cancer cells with curcumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:181-186. [PMID: 26046496 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The excited triplet state of tanshinone I (Tan I) extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge was characterized by laser flash photolysis. The synergic effect of Tan I on the phototherapy of cancer cells with curcumin (Cur) was also investigated by MTT assay because the excited energy transfer from the triplet state of Tan I ((3)Tan I(∗)) to Cur occurred. At the same time, the characteristic absorption spectra of (3)Tan I(∗) were recorded, and its molar absorption coefficient and rate constants for several excited energy transfers were obtained. The photo-therapeutic effect of Cur is enhanced by combination with Tan I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhang
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mei Wang
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China; Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qingxiu Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - ShiLong Wang
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China; Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang XZ, Qian SS, Zhang YJ, Wang RQ. Salvia miltiorrhiza: A source for anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:18-24. [PMID: 25857808 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1027408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of elderly people worldwide. However, no efficient therapeutic method for AD has yet been developed. Recently, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine which is widely used for treating cardio-cerebrovascular, exerts multiple neuroprotective effects and is attracting increased attention for the treatment of AD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to discuss the neuroprotective effects and neurogenesis-inducing activities of S. miltiorrhiza components. METHODS A detailed search using major electronic search engines (such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) was undertaken with the search terms: Salvia miltiorrhiza, the components of S. miltiorrhiza such as salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid A, danshensu, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone, and neuroprotection. RESULTS Salvia miltiorrhiza components exert multiple neuroprotective potentials relevant to AD, such as anti-amyloid-β, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and anti-inflammation. Moreover, S. miltiorrhiza promotes neurogenesis of neural progenitor cells/stem cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The properties of S. miltiorrhiza indicate their therapeutic potential in AD via multiple mechanisms. In addition, S. miltiorrhiza provides lead compounds for developing new drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Zhen Zhang
- a School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology , Zibo , PR China
| | - Shao-Song Qian
- a School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology , Zibo , PR China
| | - Yue-Jie Zhang
- a School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology , Zibo , PR China
| | - Rui-Qi Wang
- a School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology , Zibo , PR China
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Kim H, Youn K, Yun EY, Hwang JS, Jeong WS, Ho CT, Jun M. Oleic acid ameliorates Aβ-induced inflammation by downregulation of COX-2 and iNOS via NFκB signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Tavakkoli M, Miri R, Jassbi AR, Erfani N, Asadollahi M, Ghasemi M, Saso L, Firuzi O. Carthamus, Salvia and Stachys species protect neuronal cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1550-1557. [PMID: 25243877 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.908394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Finding effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases is of utmost importance for the aging population. Plants growing in Iran are rich sources of antioxidants and active phytochemicals. OBJECTIVE The protective capacity of plants, with a special focus on those with reported antioxidant or neuroprotective potential or nervous system-related applications in folk medicine, was tested against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aerial parts of 20 plants including Carthamus, Salvia, and Stachys species were extracted with 80% methanol and dichloromethane and preincubated with neuronal PC12 cells for 3 h. Oxidative stress and apoptosis were induced by hydrogen peroxide (75 µM, 1 h exposure). Cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by MTT and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) assays, respectively, while apoptosis was determined by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining by a flow cytometer. RESULTS Eighty percent methanol extracts of Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb. (Asteraceae), Salvia santolinifolia Boiss. (Lamiaceae), and Salvia sclarea L. (Lamiaceae) at the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed significant neuroprotection in the MTT assay by 38.7, 34.7, and 39.5%, respectively, and inhibited intracellular ROS by 48.6, 61.9, and 61.4%, respectively. The first two extracts also significantly inhibited apoptosis. Dichloromethane extracts of C. oxyacantha and Stachys pilifera Benth. (Lamiaceae) at the concentration of 25 μg/ml showed neuroprotection by 27.5 and 26.5%, respectively, and inhibited ROS by 44.5 and 39.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION The above-mentioned plants seem to have important biological activities and their further study may lead to the discovery of new natural therapeutics useful against disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Tavakkoli
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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Yu D, Fan W, Wu P, Deng J, Liu J, Niu Y, Li M, Deng J. Characterization of hippocampal Cajal-Retzius cells during development in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (Tg2576). Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:394-401. [PMID: 25206826 PMCID: PMC4146192 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.128243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius cells are reelin-secreting neurons in the marginal zone of the neocortex and hippocampus. The aim of this study was to investigate Cajal-Retzius cells in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Results revealed that the number of Cajal-Retzius cells markedly reduced with age in both wild type and in mice over-expressing the Swedish double mutant form of amyloid precursor protein 695 (transgenic (Tg) 2576 mice). Numerous reelin-positive neurons were positive for activated caspase 3 in Tg2576 mice, suggesting that Cajal-Retzius neuronal loss occurred via apoptosis in this Alzheimer's disease model. Compared with wild type, the number of Cajal-Retzius cells was significantly lower in Tg2576 mice. Western blot analysis confirmed that reelin levels were markedly lower in Tg2576 mice than in wild-type mice. The decline in Cajal-Retzius cells in Tg2576 mice was found to occur concomitantly with the onset of Alzheimer's disease amyloid pathology and related behavioral deficits. Overall, these data indicated that Cajal-Retzius cell loss occurred with the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Yu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan Province, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiexin Deng
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanli Niu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Mingshan Li
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinbo Deng
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
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Bae D, Kim Y, Kim J, Kim Y, Oh K, Jun W, Kim S. Neuroprotective effects ofEriobotrya japonicaandSalvia miltiorrhizaBunge inin vitroandin vivomodels. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.903856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Hügel HM, Jackson N. Danshen diversity defeating dementia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:708-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhou XW, Zhang Z, Su CF, Lv RH, Zhou X, Cai L, Wang CY, Yan L, Zhang W, Luo HM. Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate protects primary cortical neurons against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity through mitochondria pathway. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1215-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Chao-Fen Su
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Ruo-Hua Lv
- Sinopharm Medicine Holding Guangzhou Co., Ltd.; Guangzhou; China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Liang Cai
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
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Dayem SMAE, Ahmed HH, Metwally F, Foda FMA, Shalby AB, Zaazaa AM. Alpha-chymotrypcin ameliorates neuroinflammation and apoptosis characterizing Alzheimer's disease-induced in ovarictomized rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:477-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lim YA, Murray LA, Lai MKP, Chen C. NeuroAiD® (MLC601) and amyloid precursor protein processing. Cerebrovasc Dis 2013; 35 Suppl 1:30-7. [PMID: 23548917 DOI: 10.1159/000346236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes cleavage under physiological conditions, predominantly by α- and γ-secretases, to form the nonpathogenic sAPPα and p3 fragments. By contrast, amyloid-beta (Aβ) is produced via proteolytic cleavage by β- and γ-secretases. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), APP is preferentially processed via the amyloidogenic pathway, producing large amounts of Aβ that form the major constituent of senile plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. Similarly, stroke patients have a higher level of Aβ around the area of infarct, suggesting that Aβ may mediate at least some of the secondary neurotoxicity observed in stroke patients. METHODS To investigate the effects of MLC601 (NeuroAiD(®)) on regulation of APP processing, the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was used for all experiments. Stocks of MLC601 were prepared at a final concentration of 50 mg/ml. Cells were treated with different concentrations of MLC601 before assessing changes in the levels of released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), full-length APP and secreted sAPPα. RESULTS Concentrations of MLC601 between 1 and 1,000 µg/ml significantly lowered the levels of LDH released into the media when compared to control cells. In contrast, MLC601 concentrations at 5,000 and 10,000 µg/ml resulted in a significant increase in the LDH release. Treatment with 100, 500 and 1,000 μg/ml of MLC601 significantly increases the levels of sAPPα secreted by SH-SY5Y into the media. Treatment with 1,000 μg/ml of MLC601 significantly decreased the levels of full-length APP. CONCLUSION MLC601 is a possible modulator of APP processing and has implications as a putative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of poststroke dementia and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Lim
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Jin HJ, Xie XL, Ye JM, Li CG. TanshinoneIIA and cryptotanshinone protect against hypoxia-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in H9c2 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51720. [PMID: 23341883 PMCID: PMC3544838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is an important target of cardioprotective signalling. Tanshinones, a group of major bioactive compounds isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, have been reported with actions against inflammation, oxidative stress, and myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. However, the actions of these compounds on the chronic hypoxia-related mitochondrial apoptosis pathway have not been investigated. In this study, we examined the effects and molecular mechanisms of two major tanshonones, tanshinone IIA (TIIA) and cryptotanshinone (CT) on hypoxia induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Cultured H9c2 cells were treated with TIIA and CT (0.3 and 3 μΜ) 2 hr before and during an 8 hr hypoxic period. Chronic hypoxia caused a significant increase in hypoxia inducible factor 1α expression and the cell late apoptosis rate, which was accompanied with an increase in caspase 3 activity, cytochrome c release, mitochondria membrane potential and expression of pro-apoptosis proteins (Bax and Bak). TIIA and CT (0.3 and 3 μΜ), in concentrations without affecting the cell viability, significantly inhibited the late apoptosis and the changes of caspase 3 activity, cytochrome c release, and mitochondria membrane potential induced by chronic hypoxia. These compounds also suppressed the overexpression of Bax and reduced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. The results indicate that TIIA and CT protect against chronic hypoxia induced cell apoptosis by regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway, involving inhibitions of mitochondria hyperpolarization, cytochrome c release and caspase 3 activity, and balancing anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins in Bcl-2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyou-Ju Jin
- Traditional & Complementary Medicine Program, RMIT Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiao-Liang Xie
- Medicinal Herb Research Center, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- Traditional & Complementary Medicine Program, RMIT Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chun-Guang Li
- Traditional & Complementary Medicine Program, RMIT Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Center for Complementary Medicine Research, National Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S, Maiese K. Shedding new light on neurodegenerative diseases through the mammalian target of rapamycin. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:128-48. [PMID: 22980037 PMCID: PMC3479314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders affect a significant portion of the world's population leading to either disability or death for almost 30 million individuals worldwide. One novel therapeutic target that may offer promise for multiple disease entities that involve Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, trauma, stroke, and tumors of the nervous system is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR signaling is dependent upon the mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes that are composed of mTOR and several regulatory proteins including the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1, hamartin/TSC2, tuberin). Through a number of integrated cell signaling pathways that involve those of mTORC1 and mTORC2 as well as more novel signaling tied to cytokines, Wnt, and forkhead, mTOR can foster stem cellular proliferation, tissue repair and longevity, and synaptic growth by modulating mechanisms that foster both apoptosis and autophagy. Yet, mTOR through its proliferative capacity may sometimes be detrimental to central nervous system recovery and even promote tumorigenesis. Further knowledge of mTOR and the critical pathways governed by this serine/threonine protein kinase can bring new light for neurodegeneration and other related diseases that currently require new and robust treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
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67
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Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S, Maiese K. PRAS40 is an integral regulatory component of erythropoietin mTOR signaling and cytoprotection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45456. [PMID: 23029019 PMCID: PMC3445503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging strategies that center upon the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling for neurodegenerative disorders may bring effective treatment for a number of difficult disease entities. Here we show that erythropoietin (EPO), a novel agent for nervous system disorders, prevents apoptotic SH-SY5Y cell injury in an oxidative stress model of oxygen-glucose deprivation through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI 3-K)/protein kinase B (Akt) dependent activation of mTOR signaling and phosphorylation of the downstream pathways of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), and proline rich Akt substrate 40 kDa (PRAS40). PRAS40 is an important regulatory component either alone or in conjunction with EPO signal transduction that can determine cell survival through apoptotic caspase 3 activation. EPO and the PI 3-K/Akt pathways control cell survival and mTOR activity through the inhibitory post-translational phosphorylation of PRAS40 that leads to subcellular binding of PRAS40 to the cytoplasmic docking protein 14-3-3. However, modulation and phosphorylation of PRAS40 is independent of other protective pathways of EPO that involve extracellular signal related kinase (ERK 1/2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5). Our studies highlight EPO and PRAS40 signaling in the mTOR pathway as potential therapeutic strategies for development against degenerative disorders that lead to cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
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Xuan A, Long D, Li J, Ji W, Zhang M, Hong L, Liu J. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuroinflammation in β-amyloid rat model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:202. [PMID: 22898621 PMCID: PMC3458984 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may have multiple functions in brain. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor) on cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory changes induced by injections of Amyloid-β1-40 (Aβ1-40), and explored possible mechanisms of action. Methods We injected Aβ1-40 into the hippocampus of rats to mimic rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Morris water maze was used to detect the cognitive function. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect neuronal apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry analyzed the response of glia. The expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of Aβ1-40, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospho-p65 Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) was analyzed by western blot. Results We demonstrated that pretreatment with NaHS ameliorated learning and memory deficits in an Aβ1-40 rat model of AD. NaHS treatment suppressed Aβ1-40-induced apoptosis in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. Moreover, the over-expression in IL-1β and TNF-α as well as the extensive astrogliosis and microgliosis in the hippocampus induced by Aβ1-40 were significantly reduced following administration of NaHS. Concomitantly, treatment with NaHS alleviated the levels of p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB phosphorylation but not JNK phosphorylation that occurred in the Aβ1-40-injected hippocampus. Conclusions These results indicate that NaHS could significantly ameliorate Aβ1-40-induced spatial learning and memory impairment, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation at least in part via the inhibition of p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB activity, suggesting that administration of NaHS could provide a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Xuan
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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69
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Tanshinone IIA protects PC12 cells from β-amyloid(25-35)-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:6495-503. [PMID: 22314911 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
For the aging populations of any nation, Dementia is becoming a primary problem and Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is the most common type. However, until now, there is no effective treatment for AD. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) has been reported for neuroprotective potential to against amyloid β peptides (Aβ)-induced cytotoxicity in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC-12, which is widely used as AD research model, but the mechanism still remains unclear. To investigate the effect of Tan IIA and the possible molecular mechanism in the apoptosis of PC12 cells, we induced apoptosis in PC12 cells with β-amyloid(25-35), and treated cells with Tan IIA. After 24 h treatment, we found that Tan IIA increased the cell viability and reduced the number of apoptotic cells induced by Aβ(25-35). However, neuroprotection of Tan IIA was abolished by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Meanwhile, Treatment with lithium chloride, a phosphorylation inhibitor of GSK3β, which is a downstream target of PI3K/Akt, can block Aβ(25-35)-induced cell apoptosis in a Tan IIA-like manner. Our findings suggest that Tan IIA is an effective neuroprotective agent and a viable candidate in AD therapy and PI3K/Akt activation and GSK3β phosphorylation are involved in the neuroprotection of Tan IIA.
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The protective effects of tanshinone IIA on β-amyloid protein (1–42)-induced cytotoxicity via activation of the Bcl-xL pathway in neuron. Brain Res Bull 2012; 88:354-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhou ZH, Weng Q, Zhou JH, Zhou J. Extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge on the cytokines of rat endometriosis models. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2012; 9:303-14. [PMID: 23983360 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v9i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common mysterious and fascinating gynaecological condition with diverse clinical manifestations, highly variable and unpredictable clinical course with decreased quality of life. Clinically, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB, Chinese Danshen) has been applied to treat endometriosis and get satisfactory results. The present study was aimed to explore the effects of the extracts of SMB (ESMB) on the serum levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and the levels of interleukin (IL)-13, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the peritoneal fluids of rat endometriosis models. Three extraction methods for SMB were compared, which are the sample extracted with conventional method, the sample extracted with espresso coffee machine and the commercial condensed powder of natural products. We determined tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid B and danshensu in the ESMB of different extraction methods. Forty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into ESMB group, Danazol (positive control) group, model group and the sham-operation group (Sham group). After all the treatment ended, the serum levels of CA125 and the levels of IL-13, IL-18 and TNF-alpha in the peritoneal fluids of rat endometriosis models were measured using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) as directed by the manufacturer. The extraction efficiency of the ESMB samples extracted with coffee machine ranged from 600µm to 710µm was the highest. The serum levels of CA-125 and the levels of IL-18 and TNF-alpha in the peritoneal fluids of ESMB group, Danazol group and Sham group were significantly lower than those of the Model group (P<0.05). The serum levels of CA-125 and the levels of IL-18 and TNF-alpha in the peritoneal fluids of Danazol group and ESMB group were significantly higher than those of Sham group, respectively (P<0.05), and no marked difference existed between them (P>0.05). The levels of IL-13 in the peritoneal fluids of ESMB group, Danazol group and Sham group were significantly higher than those of the Model group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-13 in the peritoneal fluids of ESMB group and Danazol group were significantly lower than those of Sham group (P<0.05), and there was no marked difference between ESMB group and Sham group (P>0.05). ESMB shows promises in treating endometriosis by markedly decreasing the serum levels of CA-125 and the levels of IL-18 and TNF-alpha in the peritoneal fluids and significantly increasing the levels of IL-13 in the peritoneal fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan-Hua Zhou
- School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
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72
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Development of intravenous lipid emulsion of tanshinone IIA and evaluation of its anti-hepatoma activity in vitro. Int J Pharm 2012; 424:76-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Park H, Oh MS. Houttuyniae Herba protects rat primary cortical cells from Aβ(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity via regulation of calcium influx and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:698-709. [PMID: 22262263 DOI: 10.1177/0960327111433898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) fibrils are believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Although the mechanisms underlying Aβ toxicity remain largely unknown, Aβ fibrils disrupt calcium homeostasis and generate free radicals, resulting in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic cell death. Houttuyniae Herba, the aerial part of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (Saururaceae), is a commonly used herb in traditional Asian medicine. It has been reported to have various bioactivities, including antioxidant effects. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of standardised Houttuyniae Herba water extract (HCW) against Aβ(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity and its possible mechanisms in rat primary cortical cells. Pretreatment with HCW attenuated the cell damage caused by 8 μM Aβ(25-35) exposure, as evidenced by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, a lactate dehydrogenase assay, and microtubule-associated protein 2 immunostaining. Moreover, HCW inhibited the Aβ(25-35)-induced elevation of the intracellular calcium level, reactive oxygen species overproduction, mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, and caspase 3 activation. These results indicate that HCW protects rat primary cortical neurons against Aβ(25-35)-induced toxicity via the regulation of calcium and the inhibition of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ahmad S, Khan MB, Hoda MN, Bhatia K, Haque R, Fazili IS, Jamal A, Khan JS, Katare DP. Neuroprotective Effect of Sesame Seed Oil in 6-Hydroxydopamine Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice Model: Cellular, Biochemical and Neurochemical Evidence. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:516-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Cao D, Zhang M, Jiang C, Xue L, Sun C. Protection of Tanshinone IIA to human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) through delaying cellular senescence induced by high glucose. Ren Fail 2011; 34:88-94. [PMID: 22032700 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2011.623497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term peritoneal exposure to high glucose in the peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution may potentiate the development of peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients. The most important factor leading to peritoneal fibrosis may be injury of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). Little is known about senescence of HPMC. It has been reported that Tanshinone IIA can ameliorate fibrosis. Whether Tanshinone IIA may delay senescence and protect HPMC against high glucose is not clear. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective role of Tanshinone IIA in senescence of HPMC induced by high glucose. METHODS HPMC were isolated and cultured with Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium containing high glucose concentrations (2.5%) and Tanshinone IIA (50 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L). The effects of high glucose and Tanshinone IIA on cellular senescence of HPMC were examined by observing cell generation, growth rate, cell cycle, positive rate of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, telomere length, and expression of p16 and p21. RESULTS Compared with the control cells, HPMC cultured in high glucose showed decreased cell generations by four to five and suppression of growth rate, and the cell cycle was stopped at G1 phase. The positive rate of SA-β-gal staining was increased; the telomere length was shortened; and the expressions of p16 and p21 were increased. The characteristics in morphology of senescent cells appeared earlier. Tanshinone IIA may delay the process of senescence of HPMC induced by high glucose by increasing cell generations and growth rate, decreasing the rate of G1 phase and the positive rate of SA-β-gal staining, lengthening the telomere, and decreasing the expression of p16 and p21. CONCLUSIONS Tanshinone IIA may protect HPMC through delaying cellular senescence induced by high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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76
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Petraglia AL, Winkler EA, Bailes JE. Stuck at the bench: Potential natural neuroprotective compounds for concussion. Surg Neurol Int 2011; 2:146. [PMID: 22059141 PMCID: PMC3205506 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.85987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While numerous laboratory studies have searched for neuroprotective treatment approaches to traumatic brain injury, no therapies have successfully translated from the bench to the bedside. Concussion is a unique form of brain injury, in that the current mainstay of treatment focuses on both physical and cognitive rest. Treatments for concussion are lacking. The concept of neuro-prophylactic compounds or supplements is also an intriguing one, especially as we are learning more about the relationship of numerous sub-concussive blows and/or repetitive concussive impacts and the development of chronic neurodegenerative disease. The use of dietary supplements and herbal remedies has become more common place. Methods: A literature search was conducted with the objective of identifying and reviewing the pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of a few of the more widely known compounds and supplements. Results: There are an abundance of pre-clinical studies demonstrating the neuroprotective properties of a variety of these compounds and we review some of those here. While there are an increasing number of well-designed studies investigating the therapeutic potential of these nutraceutical preparations, the clinical evidence is still fairly thin. Conclusion: There are encouraging results from laboratory studies demonstrating the multi-mechanistic neuroprotective properties of many naturally occurring compounds. Similarly, there are some intriguing clinical observational studies that potentially suggest both acute and chronic neuroprotective effects. Thus, there is a need for future trials exploring the potential therapeutic benefits of these compounds in the treatment of traumatic brain injury, particularly concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Petraglia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Jeon S, Bose S, Hur J, Jun K, Kim YK, Cho KS, Koo BS. A modified formulation of Chinese traditional medicine improves memory impairment and reduces Aβ level in the Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:783-789. [PMID: 21762767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE SuHeXiang Wan (SHXW), a Chinese traditional medicine has been used orally for the treatment of seizures, infantile convulsion, stroke and so forth. Previously, we reported the effects of modified SHXW essential oil mixture of the fragrance containing herbs on the sedative effect, anticonvulsant property and antioxidative activity after fragrance inhalation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was undertaken to evaluate beneficial effects of a modified recipe of SHXW (termed as KSOP1009) consisting of a ethanol extract of 8 herbs including resin of Liquidambar orientalis Miller, seed of Myristica fragrans Houtt., rhizome of Cnidium officinale Makino, lumber of Santalum album L., fructus of Piper longum L., flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata Merrill et Perry, pollen of Typha orientalis Presl., and root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in the neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The transgenic mice of AD, Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9, were fed KSOP1009 or as a positive control, donepezil for 3 months from 4.5 months of age. Behavioral, immunological and ELISA analyses were used to assess memory impairment, Aβ accumulation and plaque deposition in the brain. Other in vitro works were performed to examine whether KSOP1009 inhibits the Aβ(1-42)-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y cells. RESULTS Intake of KSOP1009 improved the Aβ-induced memory impairment and suppressed Aβ levels and plaque deposition in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice as much as that of donepezil treatment. KSOP1009 prevented the down-regulation of phospho-CREB and increased AKT phosphorylation in the AD-like brains. Moreover, KSOP1009 suppresses Aβ-induced apoptosis and ROS production in SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that KSOP1009 may develop as a therapeutic drug for treatment of AD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy
- Alzheimer Disease/genetics
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/pathology
- Alzheimer Disease/psychology
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Donepezil
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Humans
- Indans/pharmacology
- Memory/drug effects
- Memory Disorders/drug therapy
- Memory Disorders/genetics
- Memory Disorders/metabolism
- Memory Disorders/pathology
- Memory Disorders/psychology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Nootropic Agents/chemistry
- Nootropic Agents/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Presenilin-1/genetics
- Presenilin-1/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhee Jeon
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, 26, 3-GA, Pil-dong, Chung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
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Chunming J, Miao Z, Cheng S, Nana T, Wei Z, Dongwei C, Yuan F. Tanshinone IIA attenuates peritoneal fibrosis through inhibition of fibrogenic growth factors expression in peritoneum in a peritoneal dialysis rat model. Ren Fail 2011; 33:355-62. [PMID: 21401363 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2011.559681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal fibrosis is a common complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) and is the main cause of dialysis inadequacy and PD withdrawal. It has been reported that Tanshinone IIA can ameliorate fibrosis in various tissues. In this report, we investigate the effects of Tanshinone IIA on peritoneal fibrosis in an animal model. METHODS Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) that received daily intraperitoneal injection of saline, 4.25% glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF), or PDF along with 50 or 100 mg/L Tanshinone IIA. Eight weeks later, the rats were sacrificed and peritoneal tissue samples were collected for analysis. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in parietal peritoneum was examined by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF in omentum was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. RESULTS Tanshinone IIA significantly suppressed submesothelial compact zone thickening and matrix accumulation induced by 4.25% glucose-based PDF. Tanshinone IIA also reduced TGF-β1 and CTGF expression in parietal peritoneum as well as in omentum in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Tanshinone IIA prevented the progression of peritoneal fibrosis in this rat model. Tanshinone IIA may be a novel therapy for peritoneal fibrosis in patients undergoing long-term PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chunming
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Howes MJR, Perry E. The Role of Phytochemicals in the Treatment and Prevention of Dementia. Drugs Aging 2011; 28:439-68. [DOI: 10.2165/11591310-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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80
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Hei M, Luo Y, Zhang X, Liu F. Tanshinone IIa alleviates the biochemical changes associated with hypoxic ischemic brain damage in a rat model. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1865-9. [PMID: 21538624 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Tanshinone IIa (TanIIa) on the biochemical changes associated with hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in a rat model. Neonatal SD rats were randomized into normal control, HIBD and TanIIa + HIBD groups. At different time points after HIBD, TanIIa was given at 1 µg/g. The intracellular free calcium concentration and the expression of phospho-NR1 S897 was determined. The intracellular free calcium concentration in the HIBD group was significantly increased. The induction of intracellular free calcium concentration in the TanIIa + HIBD group was less than that in the HIBD group. Large amounts of phospho-NR1 S897 positive cells were distributed in the cortex in the normal control group; the number of phospho-NR1 S897 positive cells in the ipsilateral cortex was dramatically decreased at 24 h after HIBD. Both the number of phospho-NR1 S897 positive cells and the FITC fluorescent density in the HIBD + TanIIa group were less than those in the normal control group at every time point after HIBD, but more than those in the HIBD group. TanIIa alleviated the down-regulation of phospho-NR1 S897 and the elevated intracellular free calcium concentration in the cerebral cortex in the HIBD model. TanIIa could exert a neuroprotective effect through affecting NMDA receptor expression, inhibiting calcium transportation and decreasing the intracellular free calcium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Hei
- Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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81
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Eckert GP. Traditional used Plants against Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer Disease. Front Pharmacol 2010; 1:138. [PMID: 21833177 PMCID: PMC3153012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2010.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by progressive memory deficits, impaired cognitive function, and altered and inappropriate behavior. Aging represents the most important risk factor for AD and the global trend in the phenomenon of population aging has dramatic consequences for public health, healthcare financing, and delivery systems in the word and, especially in developing countries. Mounting evidence obtained in in vitro and in vivo studies, suggests that various traditionally used plants in Asia, India, and Europe significantly affect key metabolic alterations culminating in AD-typical neurodegeneration. The present article aims to bring the reader up-to-date on the most recent studies and advances describing the direct and indirect activities of traditional used plants and its constituents possibly relieving features of AD. A variety of traditional used plants and its extracts exerted activities on AD related drug targets including AChE activity, antioxidative activity, modulation of Aβ-producing secretase activities, Aβ-degradation, heavy metal chelating, induction of neurotrophic factors, and cell death mechanisms. Although pre-clinical investigations identified promising drug candidates for AD, clinical evidences are still pending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Peter Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Campus Riedberg, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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82
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Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Zhang L, Wang S, Maiese K. Mammalian target of rapamycin: hitting the bull's-eye for neurological disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2010; 3:374-91. [PMID: 21307646 PMCID: PMC3154047 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.6.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated cell signaling pathways have garnered significant attention for their roles in cell biology and oncology. Interestingly,the explosion of information in this field has linked mTOR to neurological diseases with promising initial studies. mTOR, a 289 kDa serine/threonine protein kinase, plays an important role in cell growth and proliferation and is activated through phosphorylation in response to growth factors, mitogens and hormones. Growth factors, amino acids, cellular nutrients and oxygen deficiency can downregulate mTOR activity. The function of mTOR signaling is mediated primarily through two mTOR complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 initiates cap-dependent protein translation, a rate-limiting step of protein synthesis, through the phosphorylation of the targets eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K). In contrast, mTORC2 regulates development of the cytoskeleton and also controls cell survival. Although closely tied to tumorigenesis, mTOR and the downstream signaling pathways are significantly involved in the central nervous system (CNS) with synaptic plasticity, memory retention, neuroendocrine regulation associated with food intake and puberty and modulation of neuronal repair following injury. The signaling pathways of mTOR also are believed to be a significant component in a number of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and Huntington disease, tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, fragile X syndrome, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke. Here we describe the role of mTOR in the CNS and illustrate the potential for new strategies directed against neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Cancer Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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