51
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Blockade of adenosine A2A receptors recovers early deficits of memory and plasticity in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 117:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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52
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López-Cruz L, Salamone JD, Correa M. Caffeine and Selective Adenosine Receptor Antagonists as New Therapeutic Tools for the Motivational Symptoms of Depression. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:526. [PMID: 29910727 PMCID: PMC5992708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common and debilitating psychiatric disorders. Some of the motivational symptoms of depression, such anergia (lack of self-reported energy) and fatigue are relatively resistant to traditional treatments such as serotonin uptake inhibitors. Thus, new pharmacological targets are being investigated. Epidemiological data suggest that caffeine consumption can have an impact on aspects of depressive symptomatology. Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine antagonist for A1/A2A receptors, and has been demonstrated to modulate behavior in classical animal models of depression. Moreover, selective adenosine receptor antagonists are being assessed for their antidepressant effects in animal studies. This review focuses on how caffeine and selective adenosine antagonists can improve different aspects of depression in humans, as well as in animal models. The effects on motivational symptoms of depression such as anergia, fatigue, and psychomotor slowing receive particular attention. Thus, the ability of adenosine receptor antagonists to reverse the anergia induced by dopamine antagonism or depletion is of special interest. In conclusion, although further studies are needed, it appears that caffeine and selective adenosine receptor antagonists could be therapeutic agents for the treatment of motivational dysfunction in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura López-Cruz
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - John D. Salamone
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Mercè Correa
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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53
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Ganesana M, Venton BJ. Early changes in transient adenosine during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196932. [PMID: 29799858 PMCID: PMC5969733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an important neuromodulator in the central nervous system, and tissue adenosine levels increase during ischemic events, attenuating excitotoxic neuronal injury. Recently, our lab developed an electrochemical fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) method that identified rapid, spontaneous changes in adenosine concentrations that last only about 3 seconds. Here, we investigated the effects of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion on the concentration and frequency of transient adenosine release in the caudate-putamen. In anesthetized rats, data were collected for four hours: two hours of normoxia, 30 min of cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, and 90 min of reperfusion. Transient adenosine release was increased during the cerebral ischemia period and remained elevated during reperfusion. The total number of adenosine transients increased by 52% during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion compared to normoxia. The concentration of adenosine per event did not increase but the cumulative adenosine concentration during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion increased by 53% because of the higher frequency of events. Further, we evaluated the role of A2A antagonist, SCH442416, a putative neuroprotective agent to affect adenosine transients. SCH442416 significantly decreased the transient frequency during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by 27% and the cumulative concentration by 31%. Our results demonstrate that this mode of rapid adenosine release increases during early cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rapid adenosine release could provide fast, local neuromodulation and neuroprotection during cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
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54
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Kerkhofs A, Canas PM, Timmerman AJ, Heistek TS, Real JI, Xavier C, Cunha RA, Mansvelder HD, Ferreira SG. Adenosine A 2A Receptors Control Glutamatergic Synaptic Plasticity in Fast Spiking Interneurons of the Prefrontal Cortex. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:133. [PMID: 29615897 PMCID: PMC5869254 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are activated upon increased synaptic activity to assist in the implementation of long-term plastic changes at synapses. While it is reported that A2AR are involved in the control of prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent behavior such as working memory, reversal learning and effort-based decision making, it is not known whether A2AR control glutamatergic synapse plasticity within the medial PFC (mPFC). To elucidate that, we tested whether A2AR blockade affects long-term plasticity (LTP) of excitatory post-synaptic potentials in pyramidal neurons and fast spiking (FS) interneurons in layer 5 of the mPFC and of population spikes. Our results show that A2AR are enriched at mPFC synapses, where their blockade reversed the direction of plasticity at excitatory synapses onto layer 5 FS interneurons from LTP to long-term depression, while their blockade had no effect on the induction of LTP at excitatory synapses onto layer 5 pyramidal neurons. At the network level, extracellularly induced LTP of population spikes was reduced by A2AR blockade. The interneuron-specificity of A2AR in controlling glutamatergic synapse LTP may ensure that during periods of high synaptic activity, a proper excitation/inhibition balance is maintained within the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Kerkhofs
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A J Timmerman
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joana I Real
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Xavier
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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55
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Márquez-Gómez R, Robins MT, Gutiérrez-Rodelo C, Arias JM, Olivares-Reyes JA, van Rijn RM, Arias-Montaño JA. Functional histamine H 3 and adenosine A 2A receptor heteromers in recombinant cells and rat striatum. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:515-525. [PMID: 29217157 PMCID: PMC6429923 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the striatum, histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) are co-expressed with adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) in the cortico-striatal glutamatergic afferents and the GABAergic medium-sized spiny neurons that originate the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia. This location allows H3Rs and A2ARs to regulate the striatal GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission. However, whether these receptors can physically interact has not yet been assessed. To test this hypothesis, a heteromer-selective in vitro assay was used to detect functional complementation between a chimeric A2AR302-Gαqi4 and wild-type H3Rs in transfected HEK-293T cells. H3R activation with the agonist RAMH resulted in Ca2+ mobilization (pEC50 7.31 ± 0.23; maximal stimulation, Emax 449 ± 25% of basal) indicative of receptor heterodimerization. Functional H3R-A2AR heteromers were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and observations of differential cAMP signaling when both receptors were co-expressed in the same cells. In membranes from rat striatal synaptosomes, H3R activation decreased A2AR affinity for the agonist CGS-21680 (pKi values 8.10 ± 0.04 and 7.70 ± 0.04). Moreover, H3Rs and A2ARs co-immunoprecipitated in protein extracts from striatal synaptosomes. These results support the existence of a H3R-A2AR heteromer with possible physiological implications for the modulation of the intra-striatal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Márquez-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Meridith T Robins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Citlaly Gutiérrez-Rodelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan-Manuel Arias
- Programa de Neurociencias-UIICSE, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090 Estado de México, Mexico
| | | | - Richard M van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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56
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Impact of Coffee and Cacao Purine Metabolites on Neuroplasticity and Neurodegenerative Disease. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:214-227. [PMID: 29417473 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that regular consumption of coffee, tea and dark chocolate (cacao) can promote brain health and may reduce the risk of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. However, the complex array of phytochemicals in coffee and cacao beans and tea leaves has hindered a clear understanding of the component(s) that affect neuronal plasticity and resilience. One class of phytochemicals present in relatively high amounts in coffee, tea and cacao are methylxanthines. Among such methylxanthines, caffeine has been the most widely studied and has clear effects on neuronal network activity, promotes sustained cognitive performance and can protect neurons against dysfunction and death in animal models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Caffeine's mechanism of action relies on antagonism of various subclasses of adenosine receptors. Downstream xanthine metabolites, such as theobromine and theophylline, may also contribute to the beneficial effects of coffee, tea and cacao on brain health.
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57
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Role of adenosine A 2A receptors in motor control: relevance to Parkinson's disease and dyskinesia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1273-1286. [PMID: 29396609 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that regulates several physiological functions, at the central and peripheral levels. Besides, adenosine has emerged as a major player in the regulation of motor behavior. In fact, adenosine receptors of the A2A subtype are highly enriched in the caudate-putamen, which is richly innervated by dopamine. Moreover, several studies in experimental animals have consistently demonstrated that the pharmacological antagonism of A2A receptors has a facilitatory influence on motor behavior. Taken together, these findings have envisaged A2A receptors as a promising target for symptomatic therapies aimed at ameliorating motor deficits. Accordingly, A2A receptor antagonists have been extensively studied as new agents for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the epitome of motor disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the effects that adenosine A2A receptor antagonists elicit in rodent and primate experimental models of PD, with regard to the counteraction of motor deficits as well as to manifestation of dyskinesia and motor fluctuations. Moreover, we briefly present the results of clinical trials of A2A receptor antagonists in PD patients experiencing motor fluctuations, with particular regard to dyskinesia. Finally, we discuss the interaction between A2A receptor antagonists and serotonin receptor agonists, since combined administration of these drugs has recently emerged as a new potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of dyskinesia.
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58
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Krania P, Dimou E, Bantouna M, Kouvaros S, Tsiamaki E, Papatheodoropoulos C, Sarantis K, Angelatou F. Adenosine A 2A receptors are required for glutamate mGluR5- and dopamine D1 receptor-evoked ERK1/2 phosphorylation in rat hippocampus: involvement of NMDA receptor. J Neurochem 2018; 145:217-231. [PMID: 29205377 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between mGluR5 and NMDA receptors (NMDAR) is vital for synaptic plasticity and cognition. We recently demonstrated that stimulation of mGluR5 enhances NMDAR responses in hippocampus by phosphorylating NR2B(Tyr1472) subunit, and this reaction was enabled by adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) (J Neurochem, 135, 2015, 714). In this study, by using in vitro phosphorylation and western blot analysis in hippocampal slices of male Wistar rats, we show that mGluR5 stimulation or mGluR5/NMDARs co-stimulation synergistically activate ERK1/2 signaling leading to c-Fos expression. Interestingly, both reactions are under the permissive control of endogenous adenosine acting through A2A Rs. Moreover, mGluR5-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation depends on NMDAR, which however exhibits a metabotropic way of function, since no ion influx through its ion channel is required. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that mGluR5 and mGluR5/NMDAR-evoked ERK1/2 activation correlates well with the mGluR5/NMDAR-evoked NR2B(Tyr1472) phosphorylation, since both phenomena coincide temporally, are Src dependent, and are both enabled by A2A Rs. This indicates a functional involvement of NR2B(Tyr1472) phosphorylation in the ERK1/2 activation. Our biochemical results are supported by electrophysiological data showing that in CA1 region of hippocampus, the theta burst stimulation (TBS)-induced long-term potentiation coincides temporally with an increase in ERK1/2 activation and both phenomena are dependent on the tripartite A2A , mGlu5, and NMDARs. Furthermore, we show that the dopamine D1 receptors evoked ERK1/2 activation as well as the NR2B(Tyr1472) phosphorylation are also regulated by endogenous adenosine and A2A Rs. In conclusion, our results highlight the A2A Rs as a crucial regulator not only for NMDAR responses, but also for regulating ERK1/2 signaling and its downstream pathways, leading to gene expression, synaptic plasticity, and memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Krania
- Physiology Department, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Dimou
- Physiology Department, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Bantouna
- Physiology Department, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stylianos Kouvaros
- Physiology Department, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eirini Tsiamaki
- Physiology Department, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Fevronia Angelatou
- Physiology Department, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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59
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Morató X, Luján R, López-Cano M, Gandía J, Stagljar I, Watanabe M, Cunha RA, Fernández-Dueñas V, Ciruela F. The Parkinson's disease-associated GPR37 receptor interacts with striatal adenosine A 2A receptor controlling its cell surface expression and function in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9452. [PMID: 28842709 PMCID: PMC5573386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is an orphan receptor associated to Parkinson’s disease (PD) neuropathology. Here, we identified GPR37 as an inhibitor of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) cell surface expression and function in vivo. In addition, we showed that GPR37 and A2AR do oligomerize in the striatum. Thus, a close proximity of GPR37 and A2AR at the postsynaptic level of striatal synapses was observed by double-labelling post-embedding immunogold detection. Indeed, the direct receptor-receptor interaction was further substantiated by proximity ligation in situ assay. Interestingly, GPR37 deletion promoted striatal A2AR cell surface expression that correlated well with an increased A2AR agonist-mediated cAMP accumulation, both in primary striatal neurons and nerve terminals. Furthermore, GPR37−/− mice showed enhanced A2AR agonist-induced catalepsy and an increased response to A2AR antagonist-mediated locomotor activity. Overall, these results revealed a key role for GPR37 controlling A2AR biology in the striatum, which may be relevant for PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morató
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Luján
- IDINE, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Marc López-Cano
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Gandía
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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60
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Morató X, López-Cano M, Canas PM, Cunha RA, Ciruela F. Brain Membrane Fractionation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Assess Subsynaptic Protein Localization. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28570537 DOI: 10.3791/55661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the synaptic protein composition and function constitutes an important challenge in neuroscience. However, it is not easy to evaluate neurotransmission that occurs within synapses because it is highly regulated by dynamic protein-protein interactions and phosphorylation events. Accordingly, when any method is used to study synaptic transmission, a major goal is to preserve these transient physiological modifications. Here, we present a brain membrane fractionation protocol that represents a robust procedure to isolate proteins belonging to different synaptic compartments. In other words, the protocol describes a biochemical methodology to carry out protein enrichment from presynaptic, postsynaptic, and extrasynaptic compartments. First, synaptosomes, or synaptic terminals, are obtained from neurons that contain all synaptic compartments by means of a discontinuous sucrose gradient. Of note, the quality of this initial synaptic membrane preparation is critical. Subsequently, the isolation of the different subsynaptic compartments is achieved with light solubilization using mild detergents at differential pH conditions. This allows for separation by gradient and isopycnic centrifugations. Finally, protein enrichment at the different subsynaptic compartments (i.e., pre-, post- and extrasynaptic membrane fractions) is validated by means of immunoblot analysis using well-characterized synaptic protein markers (i.e., SNAP-25, PSD-95, and synaptophysin, respectively), thus enabling a direct assessment of the synaptic distribution of any particular neuronal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morató
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona
| | - Marc López-Cano
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona
| | - Paula M Canas
- Center for Neurosciences of Coimbra, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Center for Neurosciences of Coimbra, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona;
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61
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Tyebji S, Hannan AJ. Synaptopathic mechanisms of neurodegeneration and dementia: Insights from Huntington's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:18-45. [PMID: 28377290 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dementia encapsulates a set of symptoms that include loss of mental abilities such as memory, problem solving or language, and reduces a person's ability to perform daily activities. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, however dementia can also occur in other neurological disorders such as Huntington's disease (HD). Many studies have demonstrated that loss of neuronal cell function manifests pre-symptomatically and thus is a relevant therapeutic target to alleviate symptoms. Synaptopathy, the physiological dysfunction of synapses, is now being approached as the target for many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including HD. HD is an autosomal dominant and progressive degenerative disorder, with clinical manifestations that encompass movement, cognition, mood and behaviour. HD is one of the most common tandem repeat disorders and is caused by a trinucleotide (CAG) repeat expansion, encoding an extended polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein. Animal models as well as human studies have provided detailed, although not exhaustive, evidence of synaptic dysfunction in HD. In this review, we discuss the neuropathology of HD and how the changes in synaptic signalling in the diseased brain lead to its symptoms, which include dementia. Here, we review and discuss the mechanisms by which the 'molecular orchestras' and their 'synaptic symphonies' are disrupted in neurodegeneration and dementia, focusing on HD as a model disease. We also explore the therapeutic strategies currently in pre-clinical and clinical testing that are targeted towards improving synaptic function in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Tyebji
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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62
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Mouro FM, Batalha VL, Ferreira DG, Coelho JE, Baqi Y, Müller CE, Lopes LV, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM. Chronic and acute adenosine A 2A receptor blockade prevents long-term episodic memory disruption caused by acute cannabinoid CB 1 receptor activation. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:316-327. [PMID: 28235548 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid-mediated memory impairment is a concern in cannabinoid-based therapies. Caffeine exacerbates cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R)-induced memory deficits through an adenosine A1 receptor-mediated mechanism. We now evaluated how chronic or acute blockade of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) affects long-term episodic memory deficits induced by a single injection of a selective CB1R agonist. Long-term episodic memory was assessed by the novel object recognition (NOR) test. Mice received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the CB1/CB2 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (1 mg/kg) immediately after the NOR training, being tested for novelty recognition 24 h later. Anxiety levels were assessed by the Elevated Plus Maze test, immediately after the NOR. Mice were also tested for exploratory behaviour at the Open Field. For chronic A2AR blockade, KW-6002 (istradefylline) (3 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 30 days; acute blockade of A2ARs was assessed by i.p. injection of SCH 58261 (1 mg/kg) administered either together with WIN 55,212-2 or only 30 min before the NOR test phase. The involvement of CB1Rs was assessed by using the CB1R antagonist, AM251 (3 mg/kg, i.p.). WIN 55,212-2 caused a disruption in NOR, an action absent in mice also receiving AM251, KW-6002 or SCH 58261 during the encoding/consolidation phase; SCH 58251 was ineffective if present during retrieval only. No effects were detected in the Elevated Plus maze or Open Field Test. The finding that CB1R-mediated memory disruption is prevented by antagonism of adenosine A2ARs, highlights a possibility to prevent cognitive side effects when therapeutic application of CB1R drugs is desired.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Benzoxazines/pharmacology
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/toxicity
- Exploratory Behavior/drug effects
- Exploratory Behavior/physiology
- Male
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Maze Learning/physiology
- Memory Disorders/chemically induced
- Memory Disorders/metabolism
- Memory Disorders/prevention & control
- Memory, Episodic
- Memory, Long-Term/drug effects
- Memory, Long-Term/physiology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Purines/administration & dosage
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Recognition, Psychology/drug effects
- Recognition, Psychology/physiology
- Triazoles/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Mouro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vânia L Batalha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana G Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana E Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Younis Baqi
- Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Pharmazeutische Chemie I, University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharma-Zentrum Bonn, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Pharmazeutische Chemie I, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Luísa V Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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63
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van Waarde A, Dierckx RAJO, Zhou X, Khanapur S, Tsukada H, Ishiwata K, Luurtsema G, de Vries EFJ, Elsinga PH. Potential Therapeutic Applications of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Ligands and Opportunities for A 2A Receptor Imaging. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:5-56. [PMID: 28128443 DOI: 10.1002/med.21432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2A Rs) are highly expressed in the human striatum, and at lower densities in the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and cells of the immune system. Antagonists of these receptors are potentially useful for the treatment of motor fluctuations, epilepsy, postischemic brain damage, or cognitive impairment, and for the control of an immune checkpoint during immunotherapy of cancer. A2A R agonists may suppress transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease; be used to treat inflammatory disorders such as asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis; be locally applied to promote wound healing and be employed in a strategy for transient opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) so that therapeutic drugs and monoclonal antibodies can enter the brain. Increasing A2A R signaling in adipose tissue is also a potential strategy to combat obesity. Several radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of A2A Rs have been developed in recent years. This review article presents a critical overview of the potential therapeutic applications of A2A R ligands, the use of A2A R imaging in drug development, and opportunities and limitations of PET imaging in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aren van Waarde
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shivashankar Khanapur
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Kiichi Ishiwata
- Research Institute of Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, 7-115 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, 963-8052, Japan.,Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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64
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Yamashiro K, Fujii Y, Maekawa S, Morita M. Multiple pathways for elevating extracellular adenosine in the rat hippocampal CA1 region characterized by adenosine sensor cells. J Neurochem 2016; 140:24-36. [PMID: 27896810 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine in the brain, which modulates various physiological and pathological processes, fluctuates in a complicated manner that reflects the circadian cycle, neuronal activity, metabolism, and disease states. The dynamics of extracellular adenosine in the brain are not fully understood, largely because of the lack of simple and reliable methods of measuring time-dependent changes in tissue adenosine distribution. This study describes the development of a biosensor, designated an adenosine sensor cell, expressing adenosine A1 receptor, and a genetically modified G protein. This biosensor was used to characterize extracellular adenosine elevation in brain tissue by measuring intracellular calcium elevation in response to adenosine. Placement of adenosine sensor cells below hippocampal slices successfully detected adenosine releases from these slices in response to neuronal activity and astrocyte swelling by conventional calcium imaging. Pharmacological analyses indicated that high-frequency electrical stimulation-induced post-synaptic adenosine release in a manner dependent on L-type calcium channels and calcium-induced calcium release. Adenosine release following treatments that cause astrocyte swelling is independent of calcium channels, but dependent on aquaporin 4, an astrocyte-specific water channel subtype. The ability of ectonucleotidase inhibitors to inhibit adenosine release following astrocyte swelling, but not electrical stimulation, suggests that the former reflects astrocytic ATP release and subsequent enzymatic breakdown, whereas the latter reflects direct adenosine release from neurons. These results suggest that distinct mechanisms are responsible for extracellular adenosine elevations by neurons and astrocytes, allowing exquisite regulation of extracellular adenosine in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Yamashiro
- Department of Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shohei Maekawa
- Department of Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Morita
- Department of Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Kobe, Japan
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65
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Adenosine A 2A Receptors in the Amygdala Control Synaptic Plasticity and Contextual Fear Memory. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2862-2871. [PMID: 27312408 PMCID: PMC5061896 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of caffeine modulates working and reference memory through the antagonism of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) controlling synaptic plasticity processes in hippocampal excitatory synapses. Fear memory essentially involves plastic changes in amygdala circuits. However, it is unknown if A2ARs in the amygdala regulate synaptic plasticity and fear memory. We report that A2ARs in the amygdala are enriched in synapses and located to glutamatergic synapses, where they selectively control synaptic plasticity rather than synaptic transmission at a major afferent pathway to the amygdala. Notably, the downregulation of A2ARs selectively in the basolateral complex of the amygdala, using a lentivirus with a silencing shRNA (small hairpin RNA targeting A2AR (shA2AR)), impaired fear acquisition as well as Pavlovian fear retrieval. This is probably associated with the upregulation and gain of function of A2ARs in the amygdala after fear acquisition. The importance of A2ARs to control fear memory was further confirmed by the ability of SCH58261 (0.1 mg/kg; A2AR antagonist), caffeine (5 mg/kg), but not DPCPX (0.5 mg/kg; A1R antagonist), treatment for 7 days before fear conditioning onwards, to attenuate the retrieval of context fear after 24-48 h and after 7-8 days. These results demonstrate that amygdala A2ARs control fear memory and the underlying process of synaptic plasticity in this brain region. This provides a neurophysiological basis for the association between A2AR polymorphisms and phobia or panic attacks in humans and prompts a therapeutic interest in A2ARs to manage fear-related pathologies.
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66
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Tenreiro P, Rebelo S, Martins F, Santos M, Coelho ED, Almeida M, Alves de Matos AP, da Cruz E Silva OAB. Comparison of simple sucrose and percoll based methodologies for synaptosome enrichment. Anal Biochem 2016; 517:1-8. [PMID: 27771393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Synaptosomes are isolated nerve terminals. They represent an extremely attractive in vitro model system to study synaptic physiology since they preserve morphological and functional characteristics of the synapse. As such they have been used to investigate synaptic dysfunctions associated with neuropathologies like Alzheimer's disease. In the present work two simple methodologies for isolating synaptosomal-enriched fractions were compared for the first time. The starting points of both protocols were rat cortical or hippocampal homogenized tissues that underwent several differential centrifugation steps followed by a final purification of synaptosomal-enriched fractions using either a Percoll gradient or a Sucrose gradient. Comparison of the fractions obtained was carried out, using both biochemical and electron microscopy approaches. In the biochemical analysis the protein levels of pre-synaptic, post-synaptic, nuclear and mitochondrial markers were evaluated. Additional characterization of the synaptosomal-enriched fractions was performed using transmission electron microscopy. In summary, the results indicate that under the conditions tested the Sucrose based protocol is more efficient for the isolation of synaptosomal-enriched fractions from both neuronal tissues, being particularly efficient for hippocampus that is a less abundant brain tissue. Further, the sucrose protocol apparently results in a higher yield of viable synaptosomes suitable for further assays, including structural and functional studies of synapses; making this an attractive procedure to study processes associated with neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tenreiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Rebelo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - F Martins
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Santos
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E D Coelho
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Almeida
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A P Alves de Matos
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - O A B da Cruz E Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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67
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Arosio B, Casati M, Gussago C, Ferri E, Abbate C, Scortichini V, Colombo E, Rossi PD, Mari D. Adenosine Type A2A Receptor in Peripheral Cell from Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease, Vascular Dementia, and Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A New/Old Potential Target. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54:417-25. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Ca’ Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Casati
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gussago
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Abbate
- Fondazione Ca’ Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Colombo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Mari
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Ca’ Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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68
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Cunha RA. How does adenosine control neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration? J Neurochem 2016; 139:1019-1055. [PMID: 27365148 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1 R) and facilitatory A2A receptors (A2A R) in the brain. The activity-dependent release of adenosine acts as a brake of excitatory transmission through A1 R, which are enriched in glutamatergic terminals. Adenosine sharpens salience of information encoding in neuronal circuits: high-frequency stimulation triggers ATP release in the 'activated' synapse, which is locally converted by ecto-nucleotidases into adenosine to selectively activate A2A R; A2A R switch off A1 R and CB1 receptors, bolster glutamate release and NMDA receptors to assist increasing synaptic plasticity in the 'activated' synapse; the parallel engagement of the astrocytic syncytium releases adenosine further inhibiting neighboring synapses, thus sharpening the encoded plastic change. Brain insults trigger a large outflow of adenosine and ATP, as a danger signal. A1 R are a hurdle for damage initiation, but they desensitize upon prolonged activation. However, if the insult is near-threshold and/or of short-duration, A1 R trigger preconditioning, which may limit the spread of damage. Brain insults also up-regulate A2A R, probably to bolster adaptive changes, but this heightens brain damage since A2A R blockade affords neuroprotection in models of epilepsy, depression, Alzheimer's, or Parkinson's disease. This initially involves a control of synaptotoxicity by neuronal A2A R, whereas astrocytic and microglia A2A R might control the spread of damage. The A2A R signaling mechanisms are largely unknown since A2A R are pleiotropic, coupling to different G proteins and non-canonical pathways to control the viability of glutamatergic synapses, neuroinflammation, mitochondria function, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Thus, simultaneously bolstering A1 R preconditioning and preventing excessive A2A R function might afford maximal neuroprotection. The main physiological role of the adenosine modulation system is to sharp the salience of information encoding through a combined action of adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) in the synapse undergoing an alteration of synaptic efficiency with an increased inhibitory action of A1 R in all surrounding synapses. Brain insults trigger an up-regulation of A2A R in an attempt to bolster adaptive plasticity together with adenosine release and A1 R desensitization; this favors synaptotocity (increased A2A R) and decreases the hurdle to undergo degeneration (decreased A1 R). Maximal neuroprotection is expected to result from a combined A2A R blockade and increased A1 R activation. This article is part of a mini review series: "Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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69
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Hu Q, Ren X, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhang L, Chen X, He C, Chen JF. Aberrant adenosine A2A receptor signaling contributes to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of synucleinopathy. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:213-23. [PMID: 27342081 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathy is characterized by abnormal accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn)-positive cytoplasmic inclusions and by neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments, but the pathogenesis mechanism of synucleinopathy remains to be defined. Using a transmission model of synucleinopathy by intracerebral injection of preformed A53T α-Syn fibrils, we investigated whether aberrant adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling contributed to pathogenesis of synucleinopathy. We demonstrated that intra-hippocampal injection of preformed mutant α-Syn fibrils triggered a striking and selective induction of A2AR expression which was closely co-localized with pSer129 α-Syn-rich inclusions in neurons and glial cells of hippocampus. Importantly, by abolishing aberrant A2AR signaling triggered by mutant α-Syn, genetic deletion of A2ARs blunted a cascade of pathological events leading to synucleinopathy, including pSer129 α-Syn-rich and p62-positive aggregates, NF-κB activation and astrogliosis, apoptotic neuronal cell death and working memory deficits without affecting motor activity. These findings define α-Syn-triggered aberrant A2AR signaling as a critical pathogenesis mechanism of synucleinopathy with dual controls of cognition and neurodegeneration by modulating α-Syn aggregates. Thus, aberrant A2AR signaling represents a useful biomarker as well as a therapeutic target of synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Hu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangpeng Ren
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ya Liu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingjun Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoxiang He
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
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70
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Viana da Silva S, Haberl MG, Zhang P, Bethge P, Lemos C, Gonçalves N, Gorlewicz A, Malezieux M, Gonçalves FQ, Grosjean N, Blanchet C, Frick A, Nägerl UV, Cunha RA, Mulle C. Early synaptic deficits in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease involve neuronal adenosine A2A receptors. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11915. [PMID: 27312972 PMCID: PMC4915032 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the autoassociative network of recurrent connections among hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells is thought to enable the storage of episodic memory. Impaired episodic memory is an early manifestation of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD amyloidosis, we show that associative long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) is abolished in CA3 pyramidal cells at an early stage. This is caused by activation of upregulated neuronal adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) rather than by dysregulation of NMDAR signalling or altered dendritic spine morphology. Neutralization of A2AR by acute pharmacological inhibition, or downregulation driven by shRNA interference in a single postsynaptic neuron restore associative CA3 LTP. Accordingly, treatment with A2AR antagonists reverts one-trial memory deficits. These results provide mechanistic support to encourage testing the therapeutic efficacy of A2AR antagonists in early AD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy
- Alzheimer Disease/genetics
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism
- Animals
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/pathology
- Dendritic Spines/drug effects
- Dendritic Spines/metabolism
- Dendritic Spines/ultrastructure
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Long-Term Potentiation
- Memory, Episodic
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Presenilin-1/genetics
- Presenilin-1/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/genetics
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Synapses/drug effects
- Synapses/metabolism
- Synapses/ultrastructure
- Triazines/pharmacology
- Triazoles/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Viana da Silva
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- BEB PhD program CNC Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Pei Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philipp Bethge
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adam Gorlewicz
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Meryl Malezieux
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Francisco Q. Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Noëlle Grosjean
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Blanchet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Andreas Frick
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U862, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - U Valentin Nägerl
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christophe Mulle
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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71
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Janes K, Symons-Liguori AM, Jacobson KA, Salvemini D. Identification of A3 adenosine receptor agonists as novel non-narcotic analgesics. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1253-67. [PMID: 26804983 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain negatively impacts the quality of life in a variety of patient populations. The current therapeutic repertoire is inadequate in managing patient pain and warrants the development of new therapeutics. Adenosine and its four cognate receptors (A1 , A2A , A2B and A3 ) have important roles in physiological and pathophysiological states, including chronic pain. Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that while adenosine and agonists of the A1 and A2A receptors have antinociceptive properties, their therapeutic utility is limited by adverse cardiovascular side effects. In contrast, our understanding of the A3 receptor is only in its infancy, but exciting preclinical observations of A3 receptor antinociception, which have been bolstered by clinical trials of A3 receptor agonists in other disease states, suggest pain relief without cardiovascular side effects and with sufficient tolerability. Our goal herein is to briefly discuss adenosine and its receptors in the context of pathological pain and to consider the current data regarding A3 receptor-mediated antinociception. We will highlight recent findings regarding the impact of the A3 receptor on pain pathways and examine the current state of selective A3 receptor agonists used for these studies. The adenosine-to-A3 receptor pathway represents an important endogenous system that can be targeted to provide safe, effective pain relief from chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Janes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A M Symons-Liguori
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - K A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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72
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George J, Cunha RA, Mulle C, Amédée T. Microglia-derived purines modulate mossy fibre synaptic transmission and plasticity through P2X4 and A1 receptors. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:1366-78. [PMID: 27199162 PMCID: PMC5069607 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent data have provided evidence that microglia, the brain‐resident macrophage‐like cells, modulate neuronal activity in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and microglia are therefore now recognized as synaptic partners. Among different neuromodulators, purines, which are produced and released by microglia, have emerged as promising candidates to mediate interactions between microglia and synapses. The cellular effects of purines are mediated through a large family of receptors for adenosine and for ATP (P2 receptors). These receptors are present at brain synapses, but it is unknown whether they can respond to microglia‐derived purines to modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity. Here, we used a simple model of adding immune‐challenged microglia to mouse hippocampal slices to investigate their impact on synaptic transmission and plasticity at hippocampal mossy fibre (MF) synapses onto CA3 pyramidal neurons. MF–CA3 synapses show prominent forms of presynaptic plasticity that are involved in the encoding and retrieval of memory. We demonstrate that microglia‐derived ATP differentially modulates synaptic transmission and short‐term plasticity at MF–CA3 synapses by acting, respectively, on presynaptic P2X4 receptors and on adenosine A1 receptors after conversion of extracellular ATP to adenosine. We also report that P2X4 receptors are densely located in the mossy fibre tract in the dentate gyrus–CA3 circuitry. In conclusion, this study reveals an interplay between microglia‐derived purines and MF–CA3 synapses, and highlights microglia as potent modulators of presynaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy George
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CNC Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christophe Mulle
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Amédée
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,IINS, UMR 5297 CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France
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73
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Xu K, Di Luca DG, Orrú M, Xu Y, Chen JF, Schwarzschild MA. Neuroprotection by caffeine in the MPTP model of parkinson's disease and its dependence on adenosine A2A receptors. Neuroscience 2016; 322:129-37. [PMID: 26905951 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Considerable epidemiological and laboratory data have suggested that caffeine, a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, may protect against the underlying neurodegeneration of parkinson's disease (PD). Although both caffeine and more specific antagonists of the A2A subtype of adenosine receptor (A2AR) have been found to confer protection in animal models of PD, the dependence of caffeine's neuroprotective effects on the A2AR is not known. To definitively determine its A2AR dependence, the effect of caffeine on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetra-hydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxicity was compared in wild-type (WT) and A2AR gene global knockout (A2A KO) mice, as well as in central nervous system (CNS) cell type-specific (conditional) A2AR knockout (cKO) mice that lack the receptor either in postnatal forebrain neurons or in astrocytes. In WT and in heterozygous A2AR KO mice caffeine pretreatment (25mg/kgip) significantly attenuated MPTP-induced depletion of striatal dopamine. By contrast in homozygous A2AR global KO mice caffeine had no effect on MPTP toxicity. In forebrain neuron A2AR cKO mice, caffeine lost its locomotor stimulant effect, whereas its neuroprotective effect was mostly preserved. In astrocytic A2AR cKO mice, both caffeine's locomotor stimulant and protective properties were undiminished. Taken together, these results indicate that neuroprotection by caffeine in the MPTP model of PD relies on the A2AR, although the specific cellular localization of these receptors remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Xu
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States.
| | - D G Di Luca
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States.
| | - M Orrú
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States.
| | - Y Xu
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States.
| | - J-F Chen
- Department of Neurology, 715 Albany Street, C314, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - M A Schwarzschild
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States.
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74
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BDNF-induced presynaptic facilitation of GABAergic transmission in the hippocampus of young adults is dependent of TrkB and adenosine A2A receptors. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:283-94. [PMID: 26897393 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adenosine are widely recognized as neuromodulators of glutamatergic transmission in the adult brain. Most BDNF actions upon excitatory plasticity phenomena are under control of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs). Concerning gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated transmission, the available information refers to the control of GABA transporters. We now focused on the influence of BDNF and the interplay with adenosine on phasic GABAergic transmission. To assess this, we evaluated evoked and spontaneous synaptic currents recorded from CA1 pyramidal cells in acute hippocampal slices from adult rat brains (6 to 10 weeks old). BDNF (10-100 ng/mL) increased miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) frequency, but not amplitude, as well as increased the amplitude of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) evoked by afferent stimulation. The facilitatory action of BDNF upon GABAergic transmission was lost in the presence of a Trk inhibitor (K252a, 200 nM), but not upon p75(NTR) blockade (anti-p75(NTR) IgG, 50 μg/mL). Moreover, the facilitatory action of BDNF onto GABAergic transmission was also prevented upon A2AR antagonism (SCH 58261, 50 nM). We conclude that BDNF facilitates GABAergic signaling at the adult hippocampus via a presynaptic mechanism that depends on TrkB and adenosine A2AR activation.
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75
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Rodrigues RJ, Almeida T, Díaz-Hernández M, Marques JM, Franco R, Solsona C, Miras-Portugal MT, Ciruela F, Cunha RA. Presynaptic P2X1-3 and α3-containing nicotinic receptors assemble into functionally interacting ion channels in the rat hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:241-257. [PMID: 26801076 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies documented a cross-talk between purinergic P2X (P2XR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in heterologous expression systems and peripheral preparations. We now investigated if this occurred in native brain preparations and probed its physiological function. We found that P2XR and nAChR were enriched in hippocampal terminals, where both P2X1-3R and α3, but not α4, nAChR subunits were located in the active zone and in dopamine-β-hydroxylase-positive hippocampal terminals. Notably, P2XR ligands displaced nAChR binding and nAChR ligands displaced P2XR binding to hippocampal synaptosomes. In addition, a negative P2XR/nAChR cross-talk was observed in the control of the evoked release of noradrenaline from rat hippocampal synaptosomes, characterized by a less-than-additive facilitatory effect upon co-activation of both receptors. This activity-dependent cross-inhibition was confirmed in Xenopus oocytes transfected with P2X1-3Rs and α3β2 (but not α4β2) nAChR. Besides, P2X2 co-immunoprecipitated α3β2 (but not α4β2) nAChR, both in HEK cells and rat hippocampal membranes indicating that this functional interaction is supported by a physical association between P2XR and nAChR. Moreover, eliminating extracellular ATP with apyrase in hippocampal slices promoted the inhibitory effect of the nAChR antagonist tubocurarine on noradrenaline release induced by high- but not low-frequency stimulation. Overall, these results provide integrated biochemical, pharmacological and functional evidence showing that P2X1-3R and α3β2 nAChR are physically and functionally interconnected at the presynaptic level to control excessive noradrenergic terminal activation upon intense synaptic firing in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Rodrigues
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Almeida
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - Miguel Díaz-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Joana M Marques
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Spain; CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Solsona
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - María Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, 08907, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal
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Bagga P, Chugani AN, Patel AB. Neuroprotective effects of caffeine in MPTP model of Parkinson's disease: A 13 C NMR study. Neurochem Int 2016; 92:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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77
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Pedata F, Dettori I, Coppi E, Melani A, Fusco I, Corradetti R, Pugliese AM. Purinergic signalling in brain ischemia. Neuropharmacology 2015; 104:105-30. [PMID: 26581499 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time. After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular glutamate is followed by activation of resident immune cells, i.e microglia, and production or activation of inflammation mediators. Protracted neuroinflammation is now recognized as the predominant mechanism of secondary brain injury progression. Extracellular concentrations of ATP and adenosine in the brain increase dramatically during ischemia in concentrations able to stimulate their respective specific P2 and P1 receptors. Both ATP P2 and adenosine P1 receptor subtypes exert important roles in ischemia. Although adenosine exerts a clear neuroprotective effect through A1 receptors during ischemia, the use of selective A1 agonists is hampered by undesirable peripheral effects. Evidence up to now in literature indicate that A2A receptor antagonists provide protection centrally by reducing excitotoxicity, while agonists at A2A (and possibly also A2B) and A3 receptors provide protection by controlling massive infiltration and neuroinflammation in the hours and days after brain ischemia. Among P2X receptors most evidence indicate that P2X7 receptor contribute to the damage induced by the ischemic insult due to intracellular Ca(2+) loading in central cells and facilitation of glutamate release. Antagonism of P2X7 receptors might represent a new treatment to attenuate brain damage and to promote proliferation and maturation of brain immature resident cells that can promote tissue repair following cerebral ischemia. Among P2Y receptors, antagonists of P2Y12 receptors are of value because of their antiplatelet activity and possibly because of additional anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover strategies that modify adenosine or ATP concentrations at injury sites might be of value to limit damage after ischemia. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Purines in Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicita Pedata
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Dettori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Melani
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Corradetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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78
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Li P, Rial D, Canas PM, Yoo JH, Li W, Zhou X, Wang Y, van Westen GJ, Payen MP, Augusto E, Gonçalves N, Tomé AR, Li Z, Wu Z, Hou X, Zhou Y, IJzerman AP, Boyden ES, Cunha RA, Qu J, Chen JF. Optogenetic activation of intracellular adenosine A2A receptor signaling in the hippocampus is sufficient to trigger CREB phosphorylation and impair memory. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1339-49. [PMID: 25687775 PMCID: PMC4539301 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human and animal studies have converged to suggest that caffeine consumption prevents memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease through the antagonism of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs). To test if A2AR activation in the hippocampus is actually sufficient to impair memory function and to begin elucidating the intracellular pathways operated by A2AR, we have developed a chimeric rhodopsin-A2AR protein (optoA2AR), which retains the extracellular and transmembrane domains of rhodopsin (conferring light responsiveness and eliminating adenosine-binding pockets) fused to the intracellular loop of A2AR to confer specific A2AR signaling. The specificity of the optoA2AR signaling was confirmed by light-induced selective enhancement of cAMP and phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MAPK) (but not cGMP) levels in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, which was abolished by a point mutation at the C terminal of A2AR. Supporting its physiological relevance, optoA2AR activation and the A2AR agonist CGS21680 produced similar activation of cAMP and p-MAPK signaling in HEK293 cells, of p-MAPK in the nucleus accumbens and of c-Fos/phosphorylated-CREB (p-CREB) in the hippocampus, and similarly enhanced long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Remarkably, optoA2AR activation triggered a preferential p-CREB signaling in the hippocampus and impaired spatial memory performance, while optoA2AR activation in the nucleus accumbens triggered MAPK signaling and modulated locomotor activity. This shows that the recruitment of intracellular A2AR signaling in the hippocampus is sufficient to trigger memory dysfunction. Furthermore, the demonstration that the biased A2AR signaling and functions depend on intracellular A2AR loops prompts the possibility of targeting the intracellular A2AR-interacting partners to selectively control different neuropsychiatric behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Molecular Biology Center, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Canas
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ji-Hoon Yoo
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Molecular Biology Center, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Payen
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Elisabete Augusto
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R. Tomé
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Zhihui Li
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongnan Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianhua Hou
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Yuanguo Zhou
- Molecular Biology Center, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ad P. IJzerman
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Edward S. Boyden
- MIT Media Lab, MIT McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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79
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Adenosine A2B receptor activation stimulates glucose uptake in the mouse forebrain. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:561-9. [PMID: 26446689 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP consumption during intense neuronal activity leads to peaks of both extracellular adenosine levels and increased glucose uptake in the brain. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that the activation of the low-affinity adenosine receptor, the A2B receptor (A(2B)R), promotes glucose uptake in neurons and astrocytes, thereby linking brain activity with energy metabolism. To this end, we mapped the spatiotemporal accumulation of the fluorescent-labelled deoxyglucose, 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG), in superfused acute hippocampal slices of C57Bl/6j mice. Bath application of the A(2B)R agonist BAY606583 (300 nM) triggered an immediate and stable (>10 min) increase of the velocity of 2-NBDG accumulation throughout hippocampal slices. This was abolished with the pretreatment with the selective A(2B)R antagonist, MRS1754 (200 nM), and was also absent in A(2B)R null-mutant mice. In mouse primary astrocytic or neuronal cultures, BAY606583 similarly increased (3)H-deoxyglucose uptake in the following 20 min incubation period, which was again abolished by a pretreatment with MRS1754. Finally, incubation of hippocampal, frontocortical, or striatal slices of C57Bl/6j mice at 37 °C, with either MRS1754 (200 nM) or adenosine deaminase (3 U/mL) significantly reduced glucose uptake. Furthermore, A(2B)R blockade diminished newly synthesized glycogen content and at least in the striatum, increased lactate release. In conclusion, we report here that A(2B)R activation is associated with an instant and tonic increase of glucose transport into neurons and astrocytes in the mouse brain. These prompt further investigations to evaluate the clinical potential of this novel glucoregulator mechanism.
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80
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Huang Y, Thathiah A. Regulation of neuronal communication by G protein-coupled receptors. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1607-19. [PMID: 25980603 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal communication plays an essential role in the propagation of information in the brain and requires a precisely orchestrated connectivity between neurons. Synaptic transmission is the mechanism through which neurons communicate with each other. It is a strictly regulated process which involves membrane depolarization, the cellular exocytosis machinery, neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft, and the interaction between ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and downstream effector molecules. The focus of this review is to explore the role of GPCRs and G protein-signaling in neurotransmission, to highlight the function of GPCRs, which are localized in both presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane terminals, in regulation of intrasynaptic and intersynaptic communication, and to discuss the involvement of astrocytic GPCRs in the regulation of neuronal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Huang
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics (CME) and Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (LIND), University of Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Amantha Thathiah
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics (CME) and Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (LIND), University of Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium.
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81
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Chen JF, Lee CF, Chern Y. Adenosine receptor neurobiology: overview. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 119:1-49. [PMID: 25175959 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that is distributed ubiquitously throughout the body as a metabolic intermediary. In the brain, adenosine functions as an important upstream neuromodulator of a broad spectrum of neurotransmitters, receptors, and signaling pathways. By acting through four G-protein-coupled receptors, adenosine contributes critically to homeostasis and neuromodulatory control of a variety of normal and abnormal brain functions, ranging from synaptic plasticity, to cognition, to sleep, to motor activity to neuroinflammation, and cell death. This review begun with an overview of the gene and genome structure and the expression pattern of adenosine receptors (ARs). We feature several new developments over the past decade in our understanding of AR functions in the brain, with special focus on the identification and characterization of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways of ARs. We provide an update on functional insights from complementary genetic-knockout and pharmacological studies on the AR control of various brain functions. We also highlight several novel and recent developments of AR neurobiology, including (i) recent breakthrough in high resolution of three-dimension structure of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) in several functional status, (ii) receptor-receptor heterodimerization, (iii) AR function in glial cells, and (iv) the druggability of AR. We concluded the review with the contention that these new developments extend and strengthen the support for A1 and A2ARs in brain as therapeutic targets for neurologic and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Chien-fei Lee
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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82
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Rodrigues RJ, Tomé AR, Cunha RA. ATP as a multi-target danger signal in the brain. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:148. [PMID: 25972780 PMCID: PMC4412015 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is released in an activity-dependent manner from different cell types in the brain, fulfilling different roles as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, in astrocyte-to-neuron communication, propagating astrocytic responses and formatting microglia responses. This involves the activation of different ATP P2 receptors (P2R) as well as adenosine receptors upon extracellular ATP catabolism by ecto-nucleotidases. Notably, brain noxious stimuli trigger a sustained increase of extracellular ATP, which plays a key role as danger signal in the brain. This involves a combined action of extracellular ATP in different cell types, namely increasing the susceptibility of neurons to damage, promoting astrogliosis and recruiting and formatting microglia to mount neuroinflammatory responses. Such actions involve the activation of different receptors, as heralded by neuroprotective effects resulting from blockade mainly of P2X7R, P2Y1R and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), which hierarchy, cooperation and/or redundancy is still not resolved. These pleiotropic functions of ATP as a danger signal in brain damage prompt a therapeutic interest to multi-target different purinergic receptors to provide maximal opportunities for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Rodrigues
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
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83
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Li W, Silva HB, Real J, Wang YM, Rial D, Li P, Payen MP, Zhou Y, Muller CE, Tomé AR, Cunha RA, Chen JF. Inactivation of adenosine A2A receptors reverses working memory deficits at early stages of Huntington's disease models. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 79:70-80. [PMID: 25892655 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments in Huntington's disease (HD) are attributed to a dysfunction of the cortico-striatal pathway and significantly affect the quality of life of the patients, but this has not been a therapeutic focus in HD to date. We postulated that adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)R), located at pre- and post-synaptic elements of the cortico-striatal pathways, modulate striatal neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity and cognitive behaviors. To critically evaluate the ability of A(2A)R inactivation to prevent cognitive deficits in early HD, we cross-bred A(2A)R knockout (KO) mice with two R6/2 transgenic lines of HD (CAG120 and CAG240) to generate two double transgenic R6/2-CAG120-A(2A)R KO and R6/2-CAG240-A(2A)R KO mice and their corresponding wild-type (WT) littermates. Genetic inactivation of A(2A)R prevented working memory deficits induced by R6/2-CAG120 at post-natal week 6 and by R6/2-CAG240 at post-natal month 2 and post-natal month 3, without modifying motor deficits. Similarly the A2(A)R antagonist KW6002 selectively reverted working memory deficits in R6/2-CAG240 mice at post-natal month 3. The search for possible mechanisms indicated that the genetic inactivation of A(2A)R did not affect ubiquitin-positive neuronal inclusions, astrogliosis or Thr-75 phosphorylation of DARPP-32 in the striatum. Importantly, A(2A)R blockade preferentially controlled long-term depression at cortico-striatal synapses in R6/2-CAG240 at post-natal week 6. The reported reversal of working memory deficits in R6/2 mice by the genetic and pharmacological inactivation of A(2A)R provides a proof-of-principle for A(2A)R as novel targets to reverse cognitive deficits in HD, likely by controlling LTD deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Henrique B Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Real
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marie-Pierce Payen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuanguo Zhou
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Christa E Muller
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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84
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Gonçalves FQ, Pires J, Pliassova A, Beleza R, Lemos C, Marques JM, Rodrigues RJ, Canas PM, Köfalvi A, Cunha RA, Rial D. Adenosine A2b receptors control A1 receptor-mediated inhibition of synaptic transmission in the mouse hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:878-88. [PMID: 25704806 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuromodulator mostly acting through A1 (inhibitory) and A2A (excitatory) receptors in the brain. A2B receptors (A(2B)R) are G(s/q)--protein-coupled receptors with low expression in the brain. As A(2B)R function is largely unknown, we have now explored their role in the mouse hippocampus. We performed electrophysiological extracellular recordings in mouse hippocampal slices, and immunological analysis of nerve terminals and glutamate release in hippocampal slices and synaptosomes. Additionally, A(2B)R-knockout (A(2B)R-KO) and C57/BL6 mice were submitted to a behavioural test battery (open field, elevated plus-maze, Y-maze). The A(2B)R agonist BAY60-6583 (300 nM) decreased the paired-pulse stimulation ratio, an effect prevented by the A(2B)R antagonist MRS 1754 (200 nM) and abrogated in A(2B)R-KO mice. Accordingly, A(2B)R immunoreactivity was present in 73 ± 5% of glutamatergic nerve terminals, i.e. those immunopositive for vesicular glutamate transporters. Furthermore, BAY 60-6583 attenuated the A(1)R control of synaptic transmission, both the A(1)R inhibition caused by 2-chloroadenosine (0.1-1 μM) and the disinhibition caused by the A(1)R antagonist DPCPX (100 nM), both effects prevented by MRS 1754 and abrogated in A(2B)R-KO mice. BAY 60-6583 decreased glutamate release in slices and also attenuated the A(1)R inhibition (CPA 100 nM). A(2B)R-KO mice displayed a modified exploratory behaviour with an increased time in the central areas of the open field, elevated plus-maze and the Y-maze and no alteration of locomotion, anxiety or working memory. We conclude that A(2B)R are present in hippocampal glutamatergic terminals where they counteract the predominant A(1)R-mediated inhibition of synaptic transmission, impacting on exploratory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
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85
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Ferreira SG, Gonçalves FQ, Marques JM, Tomé ÂR, Rodrigues RJ, Nunes-Correia I, Ledent C, Harkany T, Venance L, Cunha RA, Köfalvi A. Presynaptic adenosine A2A receptors dampen cannabinoid CB1 receptor-mediated inhibition of corticostriatal glutamatergic transmission. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1074-86. [PMID: 25296982 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Both cannabinoid CB1 and adenosine A2A receptors (CB1 receptors and A2A receptors) control synaptic transmission at corticostriatal synapses, with great therapeutic importance for neurological and psychiatric disorders. A postsynaptic CB1 -A2A receptor interaction has already been elucidated, but the presynaptic A2A receptor-mediated control of presynaptic neuromodulation by CB1 receptors remains to be defined. Because the corticostriatal terminals provide the major input to the basal ganglia, understanding the interactive nature of converging neuromodulation on them will provide us with novel powerful tools to understand the physiology of corticostriatal synaptic transmission and interpret changes associated with pathological conditions. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pharmacological manipulation of CB1 and A2A receptors was carried out in brain nerve terminals isolated from rats and mice, using flow synaptometry, immunoprecipitation, radioligand binding, ATP and glutamate release measurement. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made in horizontal corticostriatal slices. KEY RESULTS Flow synaptometry showed that A2A receptors were extensively co-localized with CB1 receptor-immunopositive corticostriatal terminals and A2A receptors co-immunoprecipitated CB1 receptors in these purified terminals. A2A receptor activation decreased CB1 receptor radioligand binding and decreased the CB1 receptor-mediated inhibition of high-K(+) -evoked glutamate release in corticostriatal terminals. Accordingly, A2A receptor activation prevented CB1 receptor-mediated paired-pulse facilitation and attenuated the CB1 receptor-mediated inhibition of synaptic transmission in glutamatergic synapses of corticostriatal slices. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of presynaptic A2A receptors dampened CB1 receptor-mediated inhibition of corticostriatal terminals. This constitutes a thus far unrecognized mechanism to modulate the potent CB1 receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition, allowing frequency-dependent enhancement of synaptic efficacy at corticostriatal synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Ferreira
- Neuromodulation Group, CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Metabolism, CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
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86
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Rombo DM, Newton K, Nissen W, Badurek S, Horn JM, Minichiello L, Jefferys JG, Sebastiao AM, Lamsa KP. Synaptic mechanisms of adenosine A
2A
receptor‐mediated hyperexcitability in the hippocampus. Hippocampus 2014; 25:566-80. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo M. Rombo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon Portugal
- Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon Portugal
- Department of PharmacologyOxford UniversityOxford United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Newton
- Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit at the Department of Pharmacology, Oxford UniversityOxford United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Nissen
- Department of PharmacologyOxford UniversityOxford United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Badurek
- Centre for NeuroregenerationUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline M. Horn
- Department of PharmacologyOxford UniversityOxford United Kingdom
- Centre for NeuroregenerationUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Liliana Minichiello
- Department of PharmacologyOxford UniversityOxford United Kingdom
- Centre for NeuroregenerationUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh United Kingdom
| | - John G.R. Jefferys
- Department of PharmacologyOxford UniversityOxford United Kingdom
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamBirmingham United Kingdom
| | - Ana M. Sebastiao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon Portugal
- Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon Portugal
| | - Karri P. Lamsa
- Department of PharmacologyOxford UniversityOxford United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit at the Department of Pharmacology, Oxford UniversityOxford United Kingdom
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87
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Garção P, Szabó EC, Wopereis S, Castro AA, Tomé ÂR, Prediger RD, Cunha RA, Agostinho P, Köfalvi A. Functional interaction between pre-synaptic α6β2-containing nicotinic and adenosine A2A receptors in the control of dopamine release in the rat striatum. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1600-11. [PMID: 23638679 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pre-synaptic nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2A Rs) are involved in the control of dopamine release and are putative therapeutic targets in Parkinson's disease and addiction. Since A2A Rs have been reported to interact with nAChRs, here we aimed at mapping the possible functional interaction between A2A Rs and nAChRs in rat striatal dopaminergic terminals. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We pharmacologically characterized the release of dopamine and defined the localization of nAChR subunits in rat striatal nerve terminals in vitro and carried out locomotor behavioural sensitization in rats in vivo. KEY RESULTS In striatal nerve terminals, the selective A2A R agonist CGS21680 inhibited, while the A2A R antagonist ZM241385 potentiated the nicotine-stimulated [(3) H]dopamine ([(3) H]DA) release. Upon blockade of the α6 subunit-containing nAChRs, the remaining nicotine-stimulated [(3) H]DA release was no longer modulated by A2A R ligands. In the locomotor sensitization experiments, nicotine enhanced the locomotor activity on day 7 of repeated nicotine injection, an effect that no longer persisted after 1 week of drug withdrawal. Notably, ZM241385-injected rats developed locomotor sensitization to nicotine already on day 2, which remained persistent upon nicotine withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results provide the first evidence for a functional interaction between nicotinic and adenosine A2A R in striatal dopaminergic terminals, with likely therapeutic consequences for smoking, Parkinson's disease and other dopaminergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garção
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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88
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Adenosine A2A receptors modulate acute injury and neuroinflammation in brain ischemia. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:805198. [PMID: 25165414 PMCID: PMC4138795 DOI: 10.1155/2014/805198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular concentration of adenosine in the brain increases dramatically during ischemia. Adenosine A2A receptor is expressed in neurons and glial cells and in inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and granulocytes). Recently, adenosine A2A receptor emerged as a potential therapeutic attractive target in ischemia. Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time. After ischemia the early massive increase of extracellular glutamate is followed by activation of resident immune cells, that is, microglia, and production or activation of inflammation mediators. Proinflammatory cytokines, which upregulate cell adhesion molecules, exert an important role in promoting recruitment of leukocytes that in turn promote expansion of the inflammatory response in ischemic tissue. Protracted neuroinflammation is now recognized as the predominant mechanism of secondary brain injury progression. A2A receptors present on central cells and on blood cells account for important effects depending on the time-related evolution of the pathological condition. Evidence suggests that A2A receptor antagonists provide early protection via centrally mediated control of excessive excitotoxicity, while A2A receptor agonists provide protracted protection by controlling massive blood cell infiltration in the hours and days after ischemia. Focus on inflammatory responses provides for adenosine A2A receptor agonists a wide therapeutic time-window of hours and even days after stroke.
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89
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Chrysant SG, Chrysant GS. Cardiovascular complications from consumption of high energy drinks: recent evidence. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 29:71-6. [PMID: 24943288 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The energy drinks (ED) are caffeinated beverages that are popular among teenagers and young adults. They are aggressively marketed as providing alertness, energy and sex prowess. The EDs in addition to caffeine contain several plant stimulants and simple sugars, which increase their caloric content. The caffeine concentration in these drinks is high and their overconsumption could lead to insomnia, agitation, tremors and cardiovascular complications including sudden death. Alcohol is often mixed with EDs (AMEDs) in the wrong perception that the caffeine in the EDs will prevent the drowsiness and sleepiness from alcohol and allow the person to consume more alcohol. This false perception, could lead to alcohol intoxication and the taking of risky decisions, like driving under the influence of alcohol and the risk of serious physical harm to themselves and others. To prevent the problem of consumption of EDs and AMEDs, the caring physician could help by advising the parents and his young patients about the serious health risks from the consumption of these drinks. In order to grasp the extend of the problem of ED and AMED consumption, we did a Medline search of the English language literature from January 2010 to December 2013, using the terms EDs and alcohol-mixed EDs. All the findings from the recent studies regarding the cardiovascular complications from the consumption of EDs and AMEDs together with collateral literature will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Chrysant
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Hypertension Center, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - G S Chrysant
- Department of Cardiology, INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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90
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Garcia N, Priego M, Hurtado E, Obis T, Santafe MM, Tomàs M, Lanuza MA, Tomàs J. Adenosine A2B and A3 receptor location at the mouse neuromuscular junction. J Anat 2014; 225:109-17. [PMID: 24754634 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, four subtypes of adenosine receptors have been cloned (A(1)R, A(2A)R, A(2B)R, and A(3)R). In a previous study we used confocal immunocytochemistry to identify A(1)R and A(2A)R receptors at mouse neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). The data shows that these receptors are localized differently in the three cells (muscle, nerve and glia) that configure the NMJs. A(1)R localizes in the terminal teloglial Schwann cell and nerve terminal, whereas A(2A)R localizes in the postsynaptic muscle and in the axon and nerve terminal. Here, we use Western blotting to investigate the presence of A(2B)R and A(3)R receptors in striated muscle and immunohistochemistry to localize them in the three cells of the adult neuromuscular synapse. The data show that A(2B)R and A(3)R receptors are present in the nerve terminal and muscle cells at the NMJs. Neither A(2B)R nor A(3)R receptors are localized in the Schwann cells. Thus, the four subtypes of adenosine receptors are present in the motor endings. The presence of these receptors in the neuromuscular synapse allows the receptors to be involved in the modulation of transmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Garcia
- Unitat d'Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHN), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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91
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Subsynaptic localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits: A comparative study in the mouse and rat striatum. Neurosci Lett 2014; 566:106-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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92
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Eagleson KL, Milner TA, Xie Z, Levitt P. Synaptic and extrasynaptic location of the receptor tyrosine kinase met during postnatal development in the mouse neocortex and hippocampus. J Comp Neurol 2014; 521:3241-59. [PMID: 23787772 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MET, a replicated autism risk gene, encodes a pleiotropic receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in multiple cellular processes during development and following injury. Previous studies suggest that Met modulates excitatory synapse development in the neocortex and hippocampus, although the underlying mechanism is unknown. The peak of Met expression corresponds to the period of process outgrowth and synaptogenesis, with robust expression in hippocampal and neocortical neuropil. Resolving whether neuropil expression represents presynaptic, postsynaptic or glial localization provides insight into potential mechanisms of Met action. The subcellular distribution of Met was characterized using complementary ultrastructural, in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA), and biochemical approaches. At postnatal day (P) 7, immunoelectron microscopy revealed near-equivalent proportions of Met-immunoreactive pre- (axons and terminals) and postsynaptic (dendritic shafts and spines) profiles in the stratum radiatum in the hippocampal CA1 region. Staining was typically in elements in which the corresponding pre- or postsynaptic apposition was unlabeled. By P21, Met-immunoreactive presynaptic profiles predominated and ~20% of Met-expressing profiles were glial. A different distribution of Met-immunoreactive profiles was observed in layer V of somatosensory cortex: Met-labeled spines were rare and a smaller proportion of glial profiles expressed Met. Strikingly, Met-immunoreactive presynaptic profiles predominated over postsynaptic profiles as early as P7. PLA analysis of neurons in vitro and biochemical analysis of tissue subsynaptic fractions confirmed the localization of Met in specific synaptic subcompartments. The study demonstrates that Met is enriched at synapses during development and its activation may modulate synapse formation and stability through both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathie L Eagleson
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
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93
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Antagonistic interaction between adenosine A2A receptors and Na+/K+-ATPase-α2 controlling glutamate uptake in astrocytes. J Neurosci 2014; 33:18492-502. [PMID: 24259572 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1828-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-I) is critical to control the bulk of glutamate uptake and, thus, to regulate synaptic plasticity and excitotoxicity. GLT-I glutamate uptake is driven by the sodium gradient implemented by Na(+)/K(+)-ATPases (NKAs) and the α2 subunit of NKA (NKA-α2) is actually linked to GLT-I to regulate astrocytic glutamate transport. We recently found that adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs), which control synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration, regulate glutamate uptake through unknown mechanisms. Here we report that A2AR activation decreases NKA activity selectively in astrocytes to inhibit glutamate uptake. Furthermore, we found a physical association of A2ARs with NKA-α2s in astrocytes, as gauged by coimmunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assays, in the cerebral cortex and striatum, two brain regions where A2ARs inhibit the astrocytic glutamate uptake. Moreover, the selective deletion of A2ARs in astrocytes (using Gfa2-A2AR-KO mice) leads to a concurrent increase of both astrocytic glutamate uptake and NKA-α2 levels and activity in the striatum and cortex. This coupling of astrocytic A2ARs to the regulation of glutamate transport through modulation of NKA-α2 activity provides a novel mechanism linking neuronal activity to ion homeostasis controlling glutamatergic activity, all of which are processes intricately associated with the etiology of several brain diseases.
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94
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Rial D, Lara DR, Cunha RA. The Adenosine Neuromodulation System in Schizophrenia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 119:395-449. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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95
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Rodrigues TM, Jerónimo-Santos A, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ. Adenosine A(2A) Receptors as novel upstream regulators of BDNF-mediated attenuation of hippocampal Long-Term Depression (LTD). Neuropharmacology 2013; 79:389-98. [PMID: 24361450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) is facilitated by BDNF, through the activation of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptors. However, an influence of BDNF upon Long-Term Depression (LTD) was also shown. The present work aimed to further evaluate the effect of BDNF and TrkB receptors upon CA1 hippocampal LTD and to elucidate whether this effect is under the upstream control of other signalling processes, such as the adenosine A(2A)Receptors (A(2A)Rs). LTD, induced by a Low-Frequency Stimulation (LFS, 900 pulses, 1 Hz) in the CA1 area of rat hippocampal slices, was significantly attenuated when these slices were exposed to BDNF (60-100 ng/mL). A lower BDNF concentration (20 ng/ml) was only effective to inhibit LTD if A(2A)Rs were activated by a selective agonist, CGS 21680 (10 nM), or if the extracellular adenosine level was increased by 5-iodotubercidin (100 nM). BDNF (100 ng/ml) effect upon LTD was prevented by K252a (200 nM), which is known to prevent TrkB transphosphorylation, hence suggesting that this action requires TrkB receptor activation. BDNF (100 ng/ml) lacked effect on an adenosine-depleted background (adenosine deaminase, 2 U/ml) or under selective A(2A)R blockade (SCH 58261, 100 nM), indicating that it relies on tonic A(2A)R activation. Forskolin (10 μM), a cell-permeable activator of adenylate cyclase, rescued BDNF (100 ng/ml) effect in slices where A(2A)Rs were blocked with SCH 58261 (100 nM), whereas a PKA inhibitor, H-89 (1 μM), prevented LTD attenuation by BDNF (100 ng/ml). We conclude that the influence of BDNF TrkB receptors upon LTD is under the strict control of A(2A)Rs activation, through a mechanism that requires the cAMP/PKA transducing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M Rodrigues
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André Jerónimo-Santos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria José Diógenes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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96
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Bannon NM, Zhang P, Ilin V, Chistiakova M, Volgushev M. Modulation of synaptic transmission by adenosine in layer 2/3 of the rat visual cortex in vitro. Neuroscience 2013; 260:171-84. [PMID: 24355495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a wide-spread endogenous neuromodulator. In the central nervous system it activates A1 and A2A receptors (A1Rs and A2ARs) which have differential distributions, different affinities to adenosine, are coupled to different G-proteins, and have opposite effects on synaptic transmission. Although effects of adenosine are studied in detail in several brain areas, such as the hippocampus and striatum, the heterogeneity of the effects of A1R and A2AR activation and their differential distribution preclude generalization over brain areas and cell types. Here we study adenosine's effects on excitatory synaptic transmission to layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in slices of the rat visual cortex. We measured effects of bath application of adenosine receptor ligands on evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials (mEPSPs), and membrane properties. Adenosine reduced the amplitude of evoked EPSPs and excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), and reduced frequency of mEPSPs in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner. Concurrent with EPSP/C amplitude reduction was an increase in the paired-pulse ratio. These effects were blocked by application of the selective A1R antagonist DPCPX (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine), suggesting that activation of presynaptic A1Rs suppresses excitatory transmission by reducing release probability. Adenosine (20μM) hyperpolarized the cell membrane from -65.3±1.5 to -67.7±1.8mV, and reduced input resistance from 396.5±44.4 to 314.0±36.3MOhm (∼20%). These effects were also abolished by DPCPX, suggesting postsynaptic A1Rs. Application of the selective A2AR antagonist SCH-58261 (2-(2-furanyl)-7-(2-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-a-mine) on the background of high adenosine concentrations revealed an additional decrease in EPSP amplitude. Moreover, application of the A2AR agonist CGS-21680 (4-[2-[[6-amino-9-(N-ethyl-β-d-ribofuranuronamidosyl)-9H-purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]benzenepropanoic acid hydrochloride) led to an A1R-dependent increase in mEPSP frequency. Dependence of the A2AR effects on the A1R availability suggests interaction between these receptors, whereby A2ARs exert their facilitatory effect on synaptic transmission by inhibiting the A1R-mediated suppression. Our results demonstrate functional pre and postsynaptic A1Rs and presynaptic A2ARs in layer 2/3 of the visual cortex, and suggest interaction between presynaptic A2ARs and A1Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Bannon
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - P Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - V Ilin
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - M Chistiakova
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - M Volgushev
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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97
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Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated formation of adenosine is critical for the striatal adenosine A2A receptor functions. J Neurosci 2013; 33:11390-9. [PMID: 23843511 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5817-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuromodulator acting through inhibitory A1 receptors (A1Rs) and facilitatory A2ARs, which have similar affinities for adenosine. It has been shown that the activity of intracellular adenosine kinase preferentially controls the activation of A1Rs, but the source of the adenosine activating A2ARs is unknown. We now show that ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73), the major enzyme able to convert extracellular AMP into adenosine, colocalizes with A2ARs in the basal ganglia. In addition to astrocytes, striatal CD73 is prominently localized to postsynaptic sites. Notably, CD73 coimmunoprecipitated with A2ARs and proximity ligation assays confirmed the close proximity of CD73 and A2ARs in the striatum. Accordingly, the cAMP formation in synaptosomes as well as the hypolocomotion induced by a novel A2AR prodrug that requires CD73 metabolization to activate A2ARs were observed in wild-type mice, but not in CD73 knock-out (KO) mice or A2AR KO mice. Moreover, CD73 KO mice displayed increased working memory performance and a blunted amphetamine-induced sensitization, mimicking the phenotype of global or forebrain-A2AR KO mice, as well as upon pharmacological A2AR blockade. These results show that CD73-mediated formation of extracellular adenosine is responsible for the activation of striatal A2AR function. This study points to CD73 as a new target that can fine-tune A2AR activity, and a novel therapeutic target to manipulate A2AR-mediated control of striatal function and neurodegeneration.
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98
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Köles L, Garção P, Zádori ZS, Ferreira SG, Pinheiro BS, da Silva-Santos CS, Ledent C, Köfalvi A. Presynaptic TRPV1 vanilloid receptor function is age- but not CB1 cannabinoid receptor-dependent in the rodent forebrain. Brain Res Bull 2013; 97:126-35. [PMID: 23831917 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neocortical and striatal TRPV1 (vanilloid or capsaicin) receptors (TRPV1Rs) are excitatory ligand-gated ion channels, and are implicated in psychiatric disorders. However, the purported presynaptic neuromodulator role of TRPV1Rs in glutamatergic, serotonergic or dopaminergic terminals of the rodent forebrain remains little understood. With the help of patch-clamp electrophysiology and neurochemical approaches, we mapped the age-dependence of presynaptic TRPV1R function, and furthermore, we aimed at exploring whether the presence of CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) influences the function of the TRPV1Rs, as both receptor types share endogenous ligands. We found that the major factor which affects presynaptic TRPV1R function is age: by post-natal day 13, the amplitude of capsaicin-induced release of dopamine and glutamate is halved in the rat striatum, and two weeks later, capsaicin already loses its effect. However, TRPV1R receptor function is not enhanced by chemical or genetic ablation of the CB1Rs in dopaminergic, glutamatergic and serotonergic terminals of the mouse brain. Altogether, our data indicate a possible neurodevelopmental role for presynaptic TRPV1Rs in the rodent brain, but we found no cross-talk between TRPV1Rs and CB1Rs in the same nerve terminal.
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Key Words
- 3Rs
- 4-AP
- 4-aminopyridine
- 7-, 14-, 29- and 60-day-old
- 7D, 14D, 29D, 60D
- ACEA
- ARC
- ARRIVE
- AUC
- American Radiolabeled Chemicals
- Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments
- BCA
- BSA
- CB(1) cannabinoid receptor
- CB(1)R
- DMSO
- DPM
- DTT
- Dopamine
- ECF
- EDTA
- EGTA
- FR%
- Federation for Laboratory Animal Science Associations
- Felasa
- GABA
- Glutamate
- HEPES
- KHR
- KO
- Krebs-HEPES-Ringer
- LiGTP
- MAO B
- MgATP
- N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-(2-ethanesulfonic acid)
- N-arachidonyl dopamine
- NADA
- NO
- PMSF
- PVDF
- RTX
- SDS
- SEM
- Serotonin
- Striatum
- TBS-T
- TRPV(1) vanilloid receptor
- TRPV(1)R and TRPV(4)R
- Tris
- Tris-buffered saline with Tween 20
- WT
- aCSF
- arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide
- area-under-the-curve
- artificial cerebrospinal fluid
- bicinchoninic acid
- bovine serum albumin
- cannabinoid receptor type 1
- dimethyl sulfoxide
- disintegration per minute
- dithiothreitol
- enhanced chemi-fluorescence
- ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid
- ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- fractional release %
- knockout
- lithium guanozine triphosphate
- magnesium adenosine triphosphate
- monoamine oxidase B
- nitric oxide
- phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- polyvinylidene difluoride
- replacement, reduction, refinement
- resiniferatoxin
- sEPSCs
- sodium dodecyl sulfate
- spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents
- standard error of the mean
- transient release potential receptor vanilloid type 4
- tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
- wild-type
- γ-aminobutyric acid
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Affiliation(s)
- László Köles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
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99
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Sousa VC, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM. Caffeine and Adenosine Receptor Modulation of Cannabinoid Influence Upon Cognitive Function. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2013.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasco C. Sousa
- Laboratory of Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joaquim A. Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Sebastião
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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100
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Gonçalves N, Simões AT, Cunha RA, de Almeida LP. Caffeine and adenosine A2Areceptor inactivation decrease striatal neuropathology in a lentiviral-based model of Machado-Joseph disease. Ann Neurol 2013; 73:655-66. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.23866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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