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Chronic Lateral Epicondylalgia Does Not Exhibit Mechanical Pain Modulation in Response to Noxious Conditioning Heat Stimulus. Clin J Pain 2017; 33:932-938. [DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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53
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Khariv V, Elkabes S. Contribution of Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPases to neuronal maladaptive responses: Focus on spinal nociceptive mechanisms and neurodegeneration. Neurosci Lett 2017; 663:60-65. [PMID: 28780172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs) are ion pumps that expel Ca2+ from cells and maintain Ca2+ homeostasis. Four isoforms and multiple splice variants play important and non-overlapping roles in cellular function and integrity and have been implicated in diseases including disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). In particular, one of these isoforms, PMCA2, is critical for spinal cord (SC) neuronal function. PMCA2 expression is decreased in SC neurons at onset of symptoms in animal models of multiple sclerosis. Decreased PMCA2 expression affects the function and viability of SC neurons, with motor neurons being the most vulnerable population. Recent studies have also shown that PMCA2 could be an important contributor to pain processing in the dorsal horn (DH) of the SC. Pain sensitivity was altered in female, but not male, PMCA2+/- mice compared to PMCA2+/+ littermates in a modality-dependent manner. Changes in pain responsiveness in the female PMCA2+/- mice were paralleled by female-specific alterations in the expression of effectors, which have been implicated in the excitability of DH neurons, in mechanisms governing nociception and in the transmission of pain signals. Other PMCA isoforms and in particular, PMCA4, also contribute to the excitability of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which contain the first-order sensory neurons that convey nociceptive information from the periphery to the DH. These findings suggest that specific PMCA isoforms play specialized functions in neurons that mediate pain processing. Further investigations are necessary to unravel the precise contribution of PMCAs to mechanisms governing pathological pain in models of injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Khariv
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Stella Elkabes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States.
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54
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McArthur JR, Motin L, Gleeson EC, Spiller S, Lewis RJ, Duggan PJ, Tuck KL, Adams DJ. Inhibition of human N- and T-type calcium channels by an ortho-phenoxyanilide derivative, MONIRO-1. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:2284-2295. [PMID: 28608537 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Voltage-gated calcium channels are involved in nociception in the CNS and in the periphery. N-type (Cav 2.2) and T-type (Cav 3.1, Cav 3.2 and Cav 3.3) voltage-gated calcium channels are particularly important in studying and treating pain and epilepsy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology was used to assess the potency and mechanism of action of a novel ortho-phenoxylanilide derivative, MONIRO-1, against a panel of voltage-gated calcium channels including Cav 1.2, Cav 1.3, Cav 2.1, Cav 2.2, Cav 2.3, Cav 3.1, Cav 3.2 and Cav 3.3. KEY RESULTS MONIRO-1 was 5- to 20-fold more potent at inhibiting human T-type calcium channels, hCav 3.1, hCav 3.2 and hCav 3.3 (IC50 : 3.3 ± 0.3, 1.7 ± 0.1 and 7.2 ± 0.3 μM, respectively) than N-type calcium channel, hCav 2.2 (IC50 : 34.0 ± 3.6 μM). It interacted with L-type calcium channels Cav 1.2 and Cav 1.3 with significantly lower potency (IC50 > 100 μM) and did not inhibit hCav 2.1 or hCav 2.3 channels at concentrations as high as 100 μM. State- and use-dependent inhibition of hCav 2.2 channels was observed, whereas stronger inhibition occurred at high stimulation frequencies for hCav 3.1 channels suggesting a different mode of action between these two channels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Selectivity, potency, reversibility and multi-modal effects distinguish MONIRO-1 from other low MW inhibitors acting on Cav channels involved in pain and/or epilepsy pathways. High-frequency firing increased the affinity for MONIRO-1 for both hCav 2.2 and hCav 3.1 channels. Such Cav channel modulators have potential clinical use in the treatment of epilepsies, neuropathic pain and other nociceptive pathophysiologies. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R McArthur
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonid Motin
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellen C Gleeson
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandro Spiller
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter J Duggan
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, Australia.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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55
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Zhou J, Xiong Q, Chen H, Yang C, Fan Y. Identification of the Spinal Expression Profile of Non-coding RNAs Involved in Neuropathic Pain Following Spared Nerve Injury by Sequence Analysis. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:91. [PMID: 28420964 PMCID: PMC5377590 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by damage to the nervous system, resulting in aberrant pain, which is associated with gene expression changes in the sensory pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. A non-coding Ribose Nucleic Acid (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. NcRNAs are involved in many cellular processes, and mutations or imbalances of the repertoire within the body can cause a variety of diseases. Although ncRNAs have recently been shown to play a role in NP pathogenesis, the specific effects of ncRNAs in NP remain largely unknown. In this study, sequencing analysis was performed to investigated the expression patterns of ncRNAs in the spinal cord following spared nerve injury-induced NP. A total of 134 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 12 microRNAs (miRNAs), 188 circular RNAs (circRNAs) and 1066 mRNAs were significantly regulated at 14 days after spared nerve injury (SNI) surgery. Next, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to validate the expression of selected lncRNAs, miRNAs, circRNAs, and mRNAs. Bioinformatics tools and databases were employed to explore the potential ncRNA functions and relationships. Our data showed that the most significantly involved pathways in SNI pathogenesis were ribosome, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, amoebiasis and protein digestion and absorption. In addition, the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network of NP was constructed. This is the first study to comprehensively identify regulated ncRNAs of the spinal cord and to demonstrate the involvement of different ncRNA expression patterns in the spinal cord of NP pathogenesis by sequence analysis. This information will enable further research on the pathogenesis of NP and facilitate the development of novel NP therapeutics targeting ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshan, China
| | - Qingming Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshan, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eighth People's Hospital of GuangzhouGuangzhou, China
| | - Chengxiang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshan, China
| | - Youling Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Panyu Central HospitalGuangzhou, China
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56
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Novel, highly potent and in vivo active inhibitor of GABA transporter subtype 1 with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, antidepressant and antinociceptive properties. Neuropharmacology 2017; 113:331-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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57
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Takkala P, Zhu Y, Prescott SA. Combined Changes in Chloride Regulation and Neuronal Excitability Enable Primary Afferent Depolarization to Elicit Spiking without Compromising its Inhibitory Effects. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005215. [PMID: 27835641 PMCID: PMC5105942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The central terminals of primary afferent fibers experience depolarization upon activation of GABAA receptors (GABAAR) because their intracellular chloride concentration is maintained above electrochemical equilibrium. Primary afferent depolarization (PAD) normally mediates inhibition via sodium channel inactivation and shunting but can evoke spikes under certain conditions. Antidromic (centrifugal) conduction of these spikes may contribute to neurogenic inflammation while orthodromic (centripetal) conduction could contribute to pain in the case of nociceptive fibers. PAD-induced spiking is assumed to override presynaptic inhibition. Using computer simulations and dynamic clamp experiments, we sought to identify which biophysical changes are required to enable PAD-induced spiking and whether those changes necessarily compromise PAD-mediated inhibition. According to computational modeling, a depolarizing shift in GABA reversal potential (EGABA) and increased intrinsic excitability (manifest as altered spike initiation properties) were necessary for PAD-induced spiking, whereas increased GABAAR conductance density (ḡGABA) had mixed effects. We tested our predictions experimentally by using dynamic clamp to insert virtual GABAAR conductances with different EGABA and kinetics into acutely dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron somata. Comparable experiments in central axon terminals are prohibitively difficult but the biophysical requirements for PAD-induced spiking are arguably similar in soma and axon. Neurons from naïve (i.e. uninjured) rats were compared before and after pharmacological manipulation of intrinsic excitability, and against neurons from nerve-injured rats. Experimental data confirmed that, in most neurons, both predicted changes were necessary to yield PAD-induced spiking. Importantly, such changes did not prevent PAD from inhibiting other spiking or from blocking spike propagation. In fact, since the high value of ḡGABA required for PAD-induced spiking still mediates strong inhibition, we conclude that PAD-induced spiking does not represent failure of presynaptic inhibition. Instead, diminished PAD caused by reduction of ḡGABA poses a greater risk to presynaptic inhibition and the sensory processing that relies upon it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Takkala
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Zhu
- Center for Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Prescott
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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58
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Islam MN, Takeshita Y, Yanai A, Imagawa A, Jahan MR, Wroblewski G, Nemoto J, Fujinaga R, Shinoda K. Immunohistochemical analysis of huntingtin-associated protein 1 in adult rat spinal cord and its regional relationship with androgen receptor. Neuroscience 2016; 340:201-217. [PMID: 27984179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is a neuronal interactor with causatively polyglutamine (polyQ)-expanded huntingtin in Huntington's disease and also associated with pathologically polyQ-expanded androgen receptor (AR) in spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), being considered as a protective factor against neurodegenerative apoptosis. In normal brains, it is abundantly expressed particularly in the limbic-hypothalamic regions that tend to be spared from neurodegeneration, whereas the areas with little HAP1 expression, including the striatum, thalamus, cerebral neocortex and cerebellum, are targets in several neurodegenerative diseases. While the spinal cord is another major neurodegenerative target, HAP1-immunoreactive (ir) structures have yet to be determined there. In the current study, HAP1 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in light and electron microscopy through the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal cords of the adult male rat. Our results showed that HAP1 is specifically expressed in neurons through the spinal segments and that more than 90% of neurons expressed HAP1 in lamina I-II, lamina X, and autonomic preganglionic regions. Double-immunostaining for HAP1 and AR demonstrated that more than 80% of neurons expressed both in laminae I-II and X. In contrast, HAP1 was specifically lacking in the lamina IX motoneurons with or without AR expression. The present study first demonstrated that HAP1 is abundantly expressed in spinal neurons of the somatosensory, viscerosensory, and autonomic regions but absent in somatomotor neurons, suggesting that the spinal motoneurons are, due to lack of putative HAP1 protectivity, more vulnerable to stresses in neurodegenerative diseases than other HAP1-expressing neurons probably involved in spinal sensory and autonomic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nabiul Islam
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshita
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Akie Yanai
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Amami Imagawa
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mir Rubayet Jahan
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Greggory Wroblewski
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Joe Nemoto
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Fujinaga
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koh Shinoda
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
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59
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Cui L, Miao X, Liang L, Abdus-Saboor I, Olson W, Fleming MS, Ma M, Tao YX, Luo W. Identification of Early RET+ Deep Dorsal Spinal Cord Interneurons in Gating Pain. Neuron 2016; 91:1137-1153. [PMID: 27545714 PMCID: PMC5017914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gate control theory (GCT) of pain proposes that pain- and touch-sensing neurons antagonize each other through spinal cord dorsal horn (DH) gating neurons. However, the exact neural circuits underlying the GCT remain largely elusive. Here, we identified a new population of deep layer DH (dDH) inhibitory interneurons that express the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret neonatally. These early RET+ dDH neurons receive excitatory as well as polysynaptic inhibitory inputs from touch- and/or pain-sensing afferents. In addition, they negatively regulate DH pain and touch pathways through both pre- and postsynaptic inhibition. Finally, specific ablation of early RET+ dDH neurons increases basal and chronic pain, whereas their acute activation reduces basal pain perception and relieves inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Taken together, our findings uncover a novel spinal circuit that mediates crosstalk between touch and pain pathways and suggest that some early RET+ dDH neurons could function as pain "gating" neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Cui
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xuerong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Lingli Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ishmail Abdus-Saboor
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael S Fleming
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Minghong Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Wenqin Luo
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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60
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Vardeh D, Mannion RJ, Woolf CJ. Toward a Mechanism-Based Approach to Pain Diagnosis. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2016; 17:T50-69. [PMID: 27586831 PMCID: PMC5012312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The past few decades have witnessed a huge leap forward in our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of pain, in normal states where it helps protect from injury, and also in pathological states where pain evolves from a symptom reflecting tissue injury to become the disease itself. However, despite these scientific advances, chronic pain remains extremely challenging to manage clinically. Although the number of potential treatment targets has grown substantially and a strong case has been made for a mechanism-based and individualized approach to pain therapy, arguably clinicians are not much more advanced now than 20 years ago, in their capacity to either diagnose or effectively treat their patients. The gulf between pain research and pain management is as wide as ever. We are still currently unable to apply an evidence-based approach to chronic pain management that reflects mechanistic understanding, and instead, clinical practice remains an empirical and often unsatisfactory journey for patients, whose individual response to treatment cannot be predicted. In this article we take a common and difficult to treat pain condition, chronic low back pain, and use its presentation in clinical practice as a framework to highlight what is known about pathophysiological pain mechanisms and how we could potentially detect these to drive rational treatment choice. We discuss how present methods of assessment and management still fall well short, however, of any mechanism-based or precision medicine approach. Nevertheless, substantial improvements in chronic pain management could be possible if a more strategic and coordinated approach were to evolve, one designed to identify the specific mechanisms driving the presenting pain phenotype. We present an analysis of such an approach, highlighting the major problems in identifying mechanisms in patients, and develop a framework for a pain diagnostic ladder that may prove useful in the future, consisting of successive identification of 3 steps: pain state, pain mechanism, and molecular target. Such an approach could serve as the foundation for a new era of individualized/precision pain medicine. The Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION)-American Pain Society (APS) Pain Taxonomy (AAPT) includes pain mechanisms as 1 of the 5 dimensions that need to be considered when making a diagnostic classification. The diagnostic ladder proposed in this article is consistent with and an extension of the AAPT. PERSPECTIVE We discuss how identifying the specific mechanisms that operate in the nervous system to produce chronic pain in individual patients could provide the basis for a targeted and rational precision medicine approach to controlling pain, using chronic low back pain as our example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vardeh
- Division of Pain Neurology, Department of Neurology and Anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard J Mannion
- Department of Academic Neurosurgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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61
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Thibault K, Rivière S, Lenkei Z, Férézou I, Pezet S. Orofacial Neuropathic Pain Leads to a Hyporesponsive Barrel Cortex with Enhanced Structural Synaptic Plasticity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160786. [PMID: 27548330 PMCID: PMC4993517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a long-lasting debilitating condition that is particularly difficult to treat due to the lack of identified underlying mechanisms. Although several key contributing processes have been described at the level of the spinal cord, very few studies have investigated the supraspinal mechanisms underlying chronic pain. Using a combination of approaches (cortical intrinsic imaging, immunohistochemical and behavioural analysis), our study aimed to decipher the nature of functional and structural changes in a mouse model of orofacial neuropathic pain, focusing on cortical areas involved in various pain components. Our results show that chronic neuropathic orofacial pain is associated with decreased haemodynamic responsiveness to whisker stimulation in the barrel field cortex. This reduced functional activation is likely due to the increased basal neuronal activity (measured indirectly using cFos and phospho-ERK immunoreactivity) observed in several cortical areas, including the contralateral barrel field, motor and cingulate cortices. In the same animals, immunohistochemical analysis of markers for active pre- or postsynaptic elements (Piccolo and phospho-Cofilin, respectively) revealed an increased immunofluorescence in deep cortical layers of the contralateral barrel field, motor and cingulate cortices. These results suggest that long-lasting orofacial neuropathic pain is associated with exacerbated neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity at the cortical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Thibault
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8249, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Rivière
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8249, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Zsolt Lenkei
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8249, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Férézou
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8249, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Pezet
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8249, 75005, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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62
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McComas AJ. Hypothesis: Hughlings Jackson and presynaptic inhibition: is there a big picture? J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:41-50. [PMID: 27121579 PMCID: PMC4961749 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00371.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic inhibition is a very powerful inhibitory mechanism and, despite many detailed studies, its purpose is still only partially understood. One accepted function is that, by reducing afferent inflow to the spinal cord and brainstem, the tonic level of presynaptic inhibition prevents sensory systems from being overloaded. A corollary of this function is that much of the incoming sensory data from peripheral receptors must be redundant, and this conclusion is reinforced by observations on patients with sensory neuropathies or congenital obstetric palsy in whom normal sensation may be preserved despite loss of sensory fibers. The modulation of incoming signals by presynaptic inhibition has a further function in operating a "gate" in the dorsal horn, thereby determining whether peripheral stimuli are likely to be perceived as painful. On the motor side, the finding that even minimal voluntary movement of a single toe is associated with widespread inhibition in the lumbosacral cord points to another function for presynaptic inhibition: to prevent reflex perturbations from interfering with motor commands. This last function, together with the normal suppression of muscle and cutaneous reflex activity at rest, is consistent with Hughlings Jackson's concept of evolving neural hierarchies, with each level inhibiting the one below it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J McComas
- McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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63
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Park H, Kim EJ, Han J, Han J, Kang D. Effects of analgesics and antidepressants on TREK-2 and TRESK currents. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:379-85. [PMID: 27382354 PMCID: PMC4930906 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.4.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
TWIK-related K+ channel-2 (TREK-2) and TWIK-related spinal cord K+ (TRESK) channel are members of two-pore domain K+ channel family. They are well expressed and help to set the resting membrane potential in sensory neurons. Modulation of TREK-2 and TRESK channels are involved in the pathogenesis of pain, and specifi c activators of TREK-2 and TRESK may be benefi cial for the treatment of pain symptoms. However, the effect of commonly used analgesics on TREK-2 and TRESK channels are not known. Here, we investigated the effect of analgesics on TREK-2 and TRESK channels. The effects of analgesics were examined in HEK cells transfected with TREK-2 or TRESK. Amitriptyline, citalopram, escitalopram, and fluoxetine significantly inhibited TREK-2 and TRESK currents in HEK cells (p<0.05, n=10). Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, nabumetone, and bupropion inhibited TRESK, but had no effect on TREK-2. These results show that all analgesics tested in this study inhibit TRESK activity. Further study is needed to identify the mechanisms by which the analgesics modulate TREK-2 and TRESK differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Jaehee Han
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Jongwoo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Dawon Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
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Cataldo G, Rajput S, Gupta K, Simone DA. Sensitization of nociceptive spinal neurons contributes to pain in a transgenic model of sickle cell disease. Pain 2015; 156:722-730. [PMID: 25630029 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major characteristic feature of sickle cell disease (SCD). The refractory nature of pain and the development of chronic pain syndromes in many patients with SCD suggest that central neural mechanisms contribute to pain in this disease. We used HbSS-BERK sickle mice, which show chronic features of pain similar to those observed in SCD, and determined whether sensitization of nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord contributes to pain and hyperalgesia in SCD. Electrophysiological recordings of action potential activity were obtained from single identified dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord in anesthetized mice. Compared with control HbAA-BERK mice, nociceptive dorsal horn neurons in sickle mice exhibited enhanced excitability as evidenced by enlarged receptive fields, increased rate of spontaneous activity, lower mechanical thresholds, enhanced responses to mechanical stimuli, and prolonged afterdischarges following mechanical stimulation. These changes were accompanied by increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the spinal cord that are known to contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p44/p42 extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38. These findings demonstrate that central sensitization contributes to pain in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cataldo
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Lee KY, Prescott SA. Chloride dysregulation and inhibitory receptor blockade yield equivalent disinhibition of spinal neurons yet are differentially reversed by carbonic anhydrase blockade. Pain 2015; 156:2431-2437. [PMID: 26186265 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic inhibition plays a key role in processing somatosensory information. Blocking inhibition at the spinal level is sufficient to produce mechanical allodynia, and many neuropathic pain conditions are associated with reduced inhibition. Disinhibition of spinal neurons can arise through decreased GABAA/glycine receptor activation or through dysregulation of intracellular chloride. We hypothesized that these distinct disinhibitory mechanisms, despite all causing allodynia, are differentially susceptible to therapeutic intervention. Specifically, we predicted that reducing bicarbonate efflux by blocking carbonic anhydrase with acetazolamide (ACTZ) would counteract disinhibition caused by chloride dysregulation without affecting normal inhibition or disinhibition caused by GABAA/glycine receptor blockade. To test this, responses to innocuous tactile stimulation were recorded in vivo from rat superficial dorsal horn neurons before and after different forms of pharmacological disinhibition and again after application of ACTZ. Blocking GABAA or glycine receptors caused hyperresponsiveness equivalent to that caused by blocking the potassium chloride cotransporter KCC2, but, consistent with our predictions, only disinhibition caused by KCC2 blockade was counteracted by ACTZ. ACTZ did not alter responses of neurons with intact inhibition. As pathological downregulation of KCC2 is triggered by brain-derived neurotrophic factor, we also confirmed that ACTZ was effective against brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced hyperresponsiveness. Our results argue that intrathecal ACTZ has antiallodynic effects only if allodynia arises through chloride dysregulation; therefore, behavioral evidence that ACTZ is antiallodynic in nerve-injured animals affirms the contribution of chloride dysregulation as a key pathological mechanism. Although different disinhibitory mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, these results demonstrate that their relative contribution dictates which specific therapies will be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yeop Lee
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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66
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Moisset X, de Andrade D, Bouhassira D. From pulses to pain relief: an update on the mechanisms of rTMS-induced analgesic effects. Eur J Pain 2015; 20:689-700. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Moisset
- Inserm U-987; Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur; CHU Ambroise Paré; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris; Boulogne Billancourt France
- Clermont Université; Université d'Auvergne; Neuro-Dol; Inserm U-1107; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Service de Neurologie; CHU Gabriel Montpied; Clermont Université; Université d'Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - D.C. de Andrade
- Department of Neurology; Pain Center; University of São Paulo; Brazil
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Laboratory; Instituto de Psiquiatria; University of São Paulo; Brazil
- Instituto do Câncer Octavio Frias de Oliveira; University of São Paulo; Brazil
| | - D. Bouhassira
- Inserm U-987; Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur; CHU Ambroise Paré; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris; Boulogne Billancourt France
- Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
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Qi Y, Andolfi L, Frattini F, Mayer F, Lazzarino M, Hu J. Membrane stiffening by STOML3 facilitates mechanosensation in sensory neurons. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8512. [PMID: 26443885 PMCID: PMC4633829 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing force is crucial to maintain the viability of all living cells. Despite its fundamental importance, how force is sensed at the molecular level remains largely unknown. Here we show that stomatin-like protein-3 (STOML3) controls membrane mechanics by binding cholesterol and thus facilitates force transfer and tunes the sensitivity of mechano-gated channels, including Piezo channels. STOML3 is detected in cholesterol-rich lipid rafts. In mouse sensory neurons, depletion of cholesterol and deficiency of STOML3 similarly and interdependently attenuate mechanosensitivity while modulating membrane mechanics. In heterologous systems, intact STOML3 is required to maintain membrane mechanics to sensitize Piezo1 and Piezo2 channels. In C57BL/6N, but not STOML3−/− mice, tactile allodynia is attenuated by cholesterol depletion, suggesting that membrane stiffening by STOML3 is essential for mechanical sensitivity. Targeting the STOML3–cholesterol association might offer an alternative strategy for control of chronic pain. To maintain viability, cells must be able to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. Here, Qi et al. show that the STOML3 protein acts in mechanosensation by binding cholesterol and regulating membrane stiffness which can in turn regulate ion flux through mechanosensitive channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Qi
- Sensory Mechanotransduction, Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Laura Andolfi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavia Frattini
- Sensory Mechanotransduction, Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Mayer
- Sensory Mechanotransduction, Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marco Lazzarino
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jing Hu
- Sensory Mechanotransduction, Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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68
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Peng F, Qu ZW, Qiu CY, Liao M, Hu WP. Spinal vasopressin alleviates formalin-induced nociception by enhancing GABAA receptor function in mice. Neurosci Lett 2015; 593:61-5. [PMID: 25782631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a regulatory role in nociception. Intrathecal administration of AVP displays an antinociceptive effect. However, little is understood about the mechanism underlying spinal AVP analgesia. Here, we have found that spinal AVP dose dependently reduced the second, but not first, phase of formalin-induced spontaneous nociception in mice. The AVP analgesia was completely blocked by intrathecal injected SR 49059, a vasopressin-1A (V1A) receptor antagonist. However, spinal AVP failed to exert its antinociceptive effect on the second phase formalin-induced spontaneous nociception in V1A receptor knock-out (V1A-/-) mice. The AVP analgesia was also reversed by bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist. Moreover, AVP potentiated GABA-activated currents in dorsal root ganglion neurons from wild-type littermates, but not from V1A-/- mice. Our results may reveal a novel spinal mechanism of AVP analgesia by enhancing the GABAA receptor function in the spinal cord through V1A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- Institute of Ion Channels, Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China; Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Wenzou Medical University, Wenzou 32500, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zu-Wei Qu
- Institute of Ion Channels, Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chun-Yu Qiu
- Institute of Ion Channels, Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Wenzou Medical University, Wenzou 32500, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Wang-Ping Hu
- Institute of Ion Channels, Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China.
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69
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Knipper M. Introduction to "Compensation after injury: always for good?". Neuroscience 2014; 283:1-3. [PMID: 25196462 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Knipper
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen, THRC Elfriede Aulhornstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. http://thrc.hno.medizin.uni-tuebingen.de
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