51
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Chen S, Chen ST, Sun Y, Xu Z, Wang Y, Yao SY, Yao WB, Gao XD. Fibroblast growth factor 21 ameliorates neurodegeneration in rat and cellular models of Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101133. [PMID: 30785085 PMCID: PMC6383137 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying process in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is far from completion and new therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Recently, the link between dementia and diabetes mellitus (DM) prompted us to search for new therapeutic strategies from glucose metabolism regulators for neurodegeneration. Previous studies have indicated that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an attractive and potential therapeutic treatment for DM, may exert diverse effects in the central nervous system. However, the specific biological function and mechanisms of FGF21 on AD is still largely unknown. We report here a study in vivo and in vitro of the neuroprotective effects of FGF21 on cell apoptosis, tau hyperphosphorylation and oxidative stress induced by amyloid β-peptide 25–35. In the present study, the results also further provided evidence for molecular mechanisms by which FGF21 exerted its beneficial effects in neuron and suggested that the regulation of protein phosphatase 2A / mitogen-activated protein kinases / hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway may play a key role in mediating the neuroprotective effects of FGF21 against AD-like pathologies. In vivo and in vitro evidence for Aβ -induced neurodegeneration ameliorated by FGF21. FGF21 alleviated tau and oxidative stress pathologies in AD rat and cellular models. PP2A / MAPKs / HIF-1α pathway was involved in the neuroprotective effect of FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Su-Ting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Si-Yuan Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wen-Bing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiang-Dong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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52
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Lu Y, Li R, Zhu J, Wu Y, Li D, Dong L, Li Y, Wen X, Yu F, Zhang H, Ni X, Du S, Li X, Xiao J, Wang J. Fibroblast growth factor 21 facilitates peripheral nerve regeneration through suppressing oxidative damage and autophagic cell death. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:497-511. [PMID: 30450828 PMCID: PMC6307793 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeking for effective drugs which are beneficial to facilitating axonal regrowth and elongation after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) has gained extensive attention. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic factor that regulates blood glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, there is little concern for the potential protective effect of FGF21 on nerve regeneration after PNI and revealing related molecular mechanisms. Here, we firstly found that exogenous FGF21 administration remarkably promoted functional and morphologic recovery in a rat model of sciatic crush injury, manifesting as persistently improved motor and sensory function, enhanced axonal remyelination and regrowth and accelerated Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation. Furthermore, local FGF21 application attenuated the excessive activation of oxidative stress, which was accompanied with the activation of nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) transcription and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) phosphorylation. We detected FGF21 also suppressed autophagic cell death in SCs. Additionally, treatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 or autophagy inhibitor 3‐MA partially abolishes anti‐oxidant effect and reduces SCs death. Taken together, these results indicated that the role of FGF21 in remyelination and nerve regeneration after PNI was probably related to inhibit the excessive activation of ERK/Nrf‐2 signalling‐regulated oxidative stress and autophagy‐induced cell death. Overall, our work suggests that FGF21 administration may provide a new therapy for PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Lu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junyi Zhu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Duohui Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lupeng Dong
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangzheng Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Ni
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenghu Du
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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53
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Sodium butyrate improves memory and modulates the activity of histone deacetylases in aged rats after the administration of d-galactose. Exp Gerontol 2018; 113:209-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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54
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Wang C, Tan Z, Niu B, Tsang KY, Tai A, Chan WCW, Lo RLK, Leung KKH, Dung NWF, Itoh N, Zhang MQ, Chan D, Cheah KSE. Inhibiting the integrated stress response pathway prevents aberrant chondrocyte differentiation thereby alleviating chondrodysplasia. eLife 2018; 7:37673. [PMID: 30024379 PMCID: PMC6053305 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated by diverse forms of cellular stress, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and is associated with diseases. However, the molecular mechanism(s) whereby the ISR impacts on differentiation is incompletely understood. Here, we exploited a mouse model of Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia type Schmid (MCDS) to provide insight into the impact of the ISR on cell fate. We show the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway that mediates preferential synthesis of ATF4 and CHOP, dominates in causing dysplasia by reverting chondrocyte differentiation via ATF4-directed transactivation of Sox9. Chondrocyte survival is enabled, cell autonomously, by CHOP and dual CHOP-ATF4 transactivation of Fgf21. Treatment of mutant mice with a chemical inhibitor of PERK signaling prevents the differentiation defects and ameliorates chondrodysplasia. By preventing aberrant differentiation, titrated inhibition of the ISR emerges as a rationale therapeutic strategy for stress-induced skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijia Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Niu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Yeung Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew Tai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wilson C W Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rebecca L K Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith K H Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nelson W F Dung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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55
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Zhang S, Yu D, Wang M, Huang T, Wu H, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Wang W, Yin J, Ren G, Li D. FGF21 attenuates pulmonary fibrogenesis through ameliorating oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1516-1525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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56
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Amiri M, Braidy N, Aminzadeh M. Protective Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Against Amyloid-Beta 1-42-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:574-583. [PMID: 29869772 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of cholinergic neurons. Amyloid beta is a misfolded protein that represents one of the key pathological hallmarks of AD. Numerous studies have shown that Aβ1-42 induces oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, leading to cognitive decline in AD. Recently, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been suggested to be a potential regulator of oxidative stress in mammalian cells. FGF21 has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce hyperglycemia, increase adipose tissue glucose uptake and lipolysis, and decrease body fat and weight loss by enhancing energy expenditure. In this study, we investigated the effect of FGF21 Aβ1-42 toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Our data shows that FGF21 significantly decreased Aβ1-42-induced toxic effects and repressed oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells exposed to Aβ1-42 peptide. Our investigation also confirmed that FGF21 pretreatment favorably affects HSP90/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, FGF21 represents a viable therapeutic strategy to abrogate Aβ1-42-induced cellular inflammation and apoptotic death in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Amiri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Barker Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| | - Malihe Aminzadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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57
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Yang H, Feng A, Lin S, Yu L, Lin X, Yan X, Lu X, Zhang C. Fibroblast growth factor-21 prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy via AMPK-mediated antioxidation and lipid-lowering effects in the heart. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:227. [PMID: 29445083 PMCID: PMC5833682 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that both exogenous and endogenous FGF21 inhibited cardiac apoptosis at the early stage of type 1 diabetes. Whether FGF21 induces preventive effect on type 2 diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy was investigated in the present study. High-fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes was established in both wild-type (WT) and FGF21-knockout (FGF21-KO) mice followed by treating with FGF21 for 4 months. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) was diagnosed by significant cardiac dysfunction, remodeling, and cardiac lipid accumulation associated with increased apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which was aggravated in FGF21-KO mice. However, the cardiac damage above was prevented by administration of FGF21. Further studies demonstrated that the metabolic regulating effect of FGF21 is not enough, contributing to FGF21-induced significant cardiac protection under diabetic conditions. Therefore, other protective mechanisms must exist. The in vivo cardiac damage was mimicked in primary neonatal or adult mouse cardiomyocytes treated with HG/Pal, which was inhibited by FGF21 treatment. Knockdown of AMPKα1/2, AKT2, or NRF2 with their siRNAs revealed that FGF21 protected cardiomyocytes from HG/Pal partially via upregulating AMPK–AKT2–NRF2-mediated antioxidative pathway. Additionally, knockdown of AMPK suppressed fatty acid β-oxidation via inhibition of ACC–CPT-1 pathway. And, inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation partially blocked FGF21-induced protection in cardiomyocytes. Further, in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that FGF21-induced cardiac protection against type 2 diabetes was mainly attributed to lipotoxicity rather than glucose toxicity. These results demonstrate that FGF21 functions physiologically and pharmacologically to prevent type 2 diabetic lipotoxicity-induced cardiomyopathy through activation of both AMPK–AKT2–NRF2-mediated antioxidative pathway and AMPK–ACC–CPT-1-mediated lipid-lowering effect in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anyun Feng
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sundong Lin
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lechu Yu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiufei Lin
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Biomedical Innovation Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Biomedical Innovation Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuemian Lu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,Wenzhou Biomedical Innovation Center, Wenzhou, China.
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58
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59
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Zhang H, Li Y, Cui C, Sun T, Han J, Zhang D, Lu C, Zhou J, Cheong L, Li Y, Su X. Modulation of gut microbiota by dietary supplementation with tuna oil and algae oil alleviates the effects of D-galactose-induced ageing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2791-2801. [PMID: 29417197 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that dietary supplementation with tuna oil and algae oil can alleviate the effects of ageing on learning and memory in mouse models, but the mechanism of this effect remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether dietary oil supplementation alters the composition of the gut microbiota during the prevention of age-related effects on cognition. Ageing mice received dietary oil supplementation continuously for 12 weeks. The supplementation was found to improve the animals' learning and cognition, and this effect was most marked in the TO200AO400 group, which received a 1:2 mixture of tuna oil and algae oil at 600 mg kg-1 day-1. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene present in faecal samples showed that the gut microbiota varied in the groups that received different oil treatments; the TO200AO400 treatment most closely restored the composition of the D-galactose-altered gut microbiota to that of the control. Moreover, 83 altered operational taxonomic units (OTUs) responsive to dietary oil supplementation were identified; five of these differed in one or more parameters associated with host ageing. In conclusion, this study confirmed the effect of dietary oil supplementation on the alleviation of age-related decline in cognitive function and showed that oil supplementation results in alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Further research will be needed to elucidate the causal relationship between the reversal of age-related cognitive decline and gut microbiota modulation and to explore the potential of gut microbial communities as a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Chenxi Cui
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Sun
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dijun Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhi Cheong
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiurong Su
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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60
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Xu LQ, Xie YL, Gui SH, Zhang X, Mo ZZ, Sun CY, Li CL, Luo DD, Zhang ZB, Su ZR, Xie JH. Polydatin attenuates d-galactose-induced liver and brain damage through its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in mice. Food Funct 2018; 7:4545-4555. [PMID: 27714005 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that chronic injection of d-galactose (d-gal) can mimic natural aging, with accompanying liver and brain injury. Oxidative stress and apoptosis play a vital role in the aging process. In this study, the antioxidant ability of polydatin (PD) was investigated using four established in vitro systems. An in vivo study was also conducted to investigate the possible protective effect of PD on d-gal-induced liver and brain damage. The results showed that PD had remarkable in vitro free radical scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH˙), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+˙) radical ions, and hydroxyl and superoxide anions. Results in vivo indicated that, in a group treated with d-gal plus PD, PD remarkably decreased the depression of body weight and organ indexes, reduced the levels of the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alleviated alterations in liver and brain histopathology. PD also significantly decreased the level of MDA and elevated SOD, GSH-Px, CAT activity and T-AOC levels in the liver and brain. In addition, the levels of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum were markedly reduced after PD treatment. Western blotting results revealed that PD treatment noticeably attenuated the d-gal-induced elevation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase-3 protein expression in liver and brain. Overall, our findings indicate that PD treatment could effectively attenuate d-gal-induced liver and brain damage, and the mechanism might be associated with decreasing the oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis caused by d-gal. PD holds good potential for further development into a promising pharmaceutical candidate for the treatment of age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie-Qiang Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
| | - You-Liang Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Shu-Hua Gui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Xie Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Zhi-Zhun Mo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Chao-Yue Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China.
| | - Cai-Lan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Dan-Dan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Zhen-Biao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China.
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61
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Yang X, Hui Q, Yu B, Huang Z, Zhou P, Wang P, Wang Z, Pang S, Li J, Wang H, Lin L, Li X, Wang X. Design and Evaluation of Lyophilized Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Its Protection against Ischemia Cerebral Injury. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:287-295. [PMID: 29278321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the excipients, including glycine, mannitol, arginine, trehalose, sorbitol, and poloxamer188, on the stability of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21) during the process of lyophilization and storage. The glass transition temperature (Tg), protein secondary structure, aggregation ratio, and the bioactivity of lyophilized FGF21 were measured. We furthermore investigated the effect of FGF21 against ischemia cerebral injury using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats. The ischemia cerebral injury of MCAO rats was analyzed via 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Nissl-staining. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related proteins were detected via Western blot. In this study, we found that aggregation was the primary mode of deterioration of lyophilized FGF21under accelerated storage conditions. Mannitol combined with trehalose and glycine formulations offers the most effective protein protection to reduce the aggregation. Administration of FGF21 protected cerebral ischemia and decreased ER stress related proteins in MCAO rats and PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Bingjie Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - PeiPei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Panfeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shucai Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jinghang Li
- Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Hanshi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Formula derived Maillard reaction products in post-weaning intrauterine growth-restricted piglets induce developmental programming of hepatic oxidative stress independently of microRNA-21 and microRNA-155. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:566-572. [PMID: 29310731 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported augmentation of lipid peroxidation products in the liver of intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) piglets fed a high load of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) during suckling period. The underlying mechanisms of MRPs effects remain unknown. Here, we studied the long-term impact of MRPs exposure on liver oxidative status of IUGR juvenile pigs. Livers of 54-day-old pigs suckled with formula containing either a high (HHF, n=8) or a low (LHF: n=8) load of MRPs were analyzed for protein carbonylation levels , activities and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of glutathione (GSH) and main antioxidant regulators of redox homeostasis [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. In addition, mRNA levels of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 were measured. The liver of HHF group exhibited a high level of lipid peroxidation with significantly increased expression and activity of SOD. Further in liver of HHF group, CAT activity was decreased as compared with LHF group, though with comparable total protein carbonyl contents, GSH contents, and expression of GPx and microRNAs (miRNA-21 and miRNA-155). Our findings suggest that the potential mechanism of MRPs-mediated oxidative stress programming in liver of IUGR piglets may occur via impairment of antioxidant defenses.
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhou M, Liu C. Therapeutic effects of fibroblast growth factor‑21 against atherosclerosis via the NF‑κB pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:1453-1460. [PMID: 29257234 PMCID: PMC5780083 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor‑21 (FGF‑21) is a pleiotropic protein predominantly secreted in the liver, adipose tissue and pancreas. It has been reported that the metabolic hormone effects of FGF‑21 on energy metabolism are essential for human vascular endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and the underlying primary mechanism of FGF‑21 on atherosclerosis in a rat model induced by vitamin D3 and a high fat diet. The rats with atherosclerosis were randomly divided into vehicle (PBS; negative control), FGF‑21 (6 mg/kg/d) and atorvastatin (6 mg/kg/d; positive control) groups (n=40 in each group). The rats with atherosclerosis received continuous drug or PBS administration via intravenous injection for a treatment period of 30 days, following which all animals were sacrificed. The expression levels of FGF‑21 were determined prior to and following treatment with the drug or PBS. Alterations in ultrastructure and histopathology in vascular endothelial cells were examined, and the expression of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF‑κB) and levels of blood lipids in the thoracic aorta tissues were also determined. The results showed that typical atheromatous plaques formed, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of FGF‑21 were lower in the vascular endothelial cells of the rats with atherosclerosis, compared with the normal rats. FGF‑21 significantly reduced blood lipids and glucose in the rats with atherosclerosis, compared with those in the PBS and atorvastatin groups (P<0.01). The expression levels of Rho kinase and NF‑κB were significantly lower in the FGF‑21 group, compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). Statistically significant differences were found in atheromatous plaques and inflammatory factors in the FGF‑21 group, compared with the PBS and atorvastatin groups (P<0.01). In conclusion, FGF‑21 significantly downregulated the levels of blood lipids, Rho kinase and NF‑κB, which contributed to atherosclerosis therapy in the model rats and indicated the potential mechanisms against atherosclerosis in the model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Changjian Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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64
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Sripetchwandee J, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Links Between Obesity-Induced Brain Insulin Resistance, Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Dementia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:496. [PMID: 30233495 PMCID: PMC6127253 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that obesity and associated metabolic changes are considered a risk factor to age-associated cognitive decline. Inflammation and increased oxidative stress in peripheral areas, following obesity, are patently the major contributory factors to the degree of the severity of brain insulin resistance as well as the progression of cognitive impairment in the obese condition. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the alterations in brain mitochondria, including both functional and morphological changes, occurred following obesity. Several studies also suggested that brain mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of underlying mechanism contributing to brain insulin resistance and cognitive impairment in the obese condition. Thus, this review aimed to comprehensively summarize and discuss the current evidence from various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that are associated with obesity, brain insulin resistance, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and cognition. Contradictory findings and the mechanistic insights about the roles of obesity, brain insulin resistance, and brain mitochondrial dysfunction on cognition are also presented and discussed. In addition, the potential therapies for obese-insulin resistance are reported as the therapeutic strategies which exert the neuroprotective effects in the obese-insulin resistant condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Siriporn C. Chattipakorn ;
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65
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Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract ameliorates D-galactose-induced memory deficits by decreasing inflammatory responses in the hippocampus. Lab Anim Res 2017; 33:283-290. [PMID: 29399025 PMCID: PMC5792529 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2017.33.4.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effects of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille leaf extract (DML) on D-galactose-induced morphological changes in microglia and cytokines, including pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in the hippocampus. Administration of DML to D-galactose-treated mice significantly improved D-galactose-induced reduction in escape latency, swimming speed, and spatial preference for the target quadrant. In addition, administration of DML to D-galactose-treated mice significantly ameliorated the microglial activation and increases of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus. Administration of D-galactose significantly reduced IL-4 levels in the hippocampus, while administration of DML to D-galactose-treated mice significantly increased IL-4 level. However, we did not observe any significant changes in IL-10 levels in hippocampal homogenates. These results suggest that DML reduces D-galactose-induced mouse senescence by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4.
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66
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Sa-Nguanmoo P, Tanajak P, Kerdphoo S, Jaiwongkam T, Wang X, Liang G, Li X, Jiang C, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. FGF21 and DPP-4 inhibitor equally prevents cognitive decline in obese rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1663-1672. [PMID: 29793329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) on metabolic function and neuroprotection have been shown in earlier research. We have previously shown that the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, also led to improved insulin sensitivity and brain function in the obese-insulin resistant condition. However, the comparative efficacy on the improvement of metabolic function and neuroprotection between FGF21 and vildagliptin in the obese-insulin resistant condition has never been investigated. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, and received either a normal diet (ND, n=6) or a high fat diet (HFD, n=18) for 16 weeks. At week 13, the HFD-fed rats were divided into three subgroups (n=6/subgroup) to receive either a vehicle, recombinant human FGF21 (0.1mg/kg/day) or vildagliptin (3mg/kg/day), for four weeks. ND-fed rats were given a vehicle for four weeks. The metabolic parameters and brain function were subsequently investigated. The results demonstrated that the rats fed on HFD had obese-insulin resistance, increased systemic inflammation, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, increased brain apoptosis, impaired hippocampal plasticity, and demonstrated cognitive decline. FGF21 and vildagliptin effectively attenuated peripheral insulin resistance, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, brain apoptosis and cognitive decline. However, only FGF21 treatment led to significantly reduced body weight gain, visceral fat, systemic inflammation, improved hippocampal synaptic plasticity, enhanced FGF21 mediated signaling in the brain leading to prevention of early cognitive decline. These findings suggest that FGF21 exerts greater efficacy than vildagliptin in restoring metabolic function as well as brain function in cases of obese-insulin resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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67
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Role of D-galactose-induced brain aging and its potential used for therapeutic interventions. Exp Gerontol 2017; 101:13-36. [PMID: 29129736 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a phenomenon that all living organisms inevitably face. Every year, 9.9million people, globally, suffer from dementia, an indicator of the aging brain. Brain aging is significantly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. This is characterized by a decrease in the activity of respiratory chain enzymes and ATP production, and increased free radical generation, mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mutations, and impaired mitochondrial structures. To get a better understanding of aging and to prevent its effects on many organs, chronic systemic administration of D-galactose was used to artificially create brain senescence in animal models and established to be beneficial for studies of anti-aging therapeutic interventions. Several studies have shown that D-galactose-induced brain aging which does so not only by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, but also by increasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, as well as lowering brain-derived neurotrophic factors. All of these defects finally lead to cognitive decline. Various therapeutic approaches which act on mitochondria and cognition were evaluated to assess their effectiveness in the battle to reverse brain aging. The aim of this article is to comprehensively summarize and discuss the underlying mechanisms involved in D-galactose-induced brain aging, particularly as regards alterations in brain mitochondria and cognitive function. In addition, the aim is to summarize the different therapeutic approaches which have been utilized to address D-galactose-induced brain aging.
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68
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Gong Z, Tas E, Yakar S, Muzumdar R. Hepatic lipid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in aging. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:115-130. [PMID: 28017785 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Various factors that contribute to the dysregulation include both modifiable (e.g. obesity, insulin resistance) and non-modifiable risk factors (age-associated physiologic changes). Although there is no linear relationship between aging and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, current data strongly suggests that advanced age leads to more severe histological changes and poorer clinical outcomes. Hepatic lipid accumulation could lead to significant hepatic and systemic consequences including steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, impairment of systemic glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome, thereby contributing to age-related diseases. Insulin, leptin and adiponectin are key regulators of the various physiologic processes that regulate hepatic lipid metabolism. Recent advances have expanded our understanding in this field, highlighting the role of novel mediators such as FGF 21, and mitochondria derived peptides. In this review, we will summarize the mediators of hepatic lipid metabolism and how they are altered in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Emir Tas
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, 5362 Biomedical Sciences Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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69
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Fibroblast growth factor 21 ameliorates high glucose-induced fibrogenesis in mesangial cells through inhibiting STAT5 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:695-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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70
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Jeong H, Liu Y, Kim HS. Dried plum and chokeberry ameliorate d-galactose-induced aging in mice by regulation of Pl3k/Akt-mediated Nrf2 and Nf-kB pathways. Exp Gerontol 2017; 95:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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71
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Lin CH, Cheng YC, Nicol CJ, Lin KH, Yen CH, Chiang MC. Activation of AMPK is neuroprotective in the oxidative stress by advanced glycosylation end products in human neural stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:367-373. [PMID: 28821394 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) formation is correlated with the pathogenesis of diabetic neuronal damage, but its links with oxidative stress are still not well understood. Metformin, one of the most widely used anti-diabetic drugs, exerts its effects in part by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Once activated, AMPK regulates many pathways central to metabolism and energy balance including, glucose uptake, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation. AMPK is also present in neurons, but its role remains unclear. Here, we show that AGE exposure decreases cell viability of human neural stem cells (hNSCs), and that the AMPK agonist metformin reverses this effect, via AMPK-dependent downregulation of RAGE levels. Importantly, hNSCs co-treated with metformin were significantly rescued from AGE-induced oxidative stress, as reflected by the normalization in levels of reactive oxygen species. In addition, compared to AGE-treated hNSCs, metformin co-treatment significantly reversed the activity and mRNA transcript level changes of SOD1/2 and Gpx. Furthermore, hNSCs exposed to AGEs had significantly lower mRNA levels among other components of normal cellular oxidative defenses (GSH, Catalase and HO-1), which were all rescued by co-treatment with metformin. This metformin-mediated protective effect on hNSCs for of both oxidative stress and oxidative defense genes by co-treatment with metformin was blocked by the addition of an AMPK antagonist (Compound C). These findings unveil the protective role of AMPK-dependent metformin signaling during AGE mediated oxidative stress in hNSCs, and suggests patients undergoing AGE-mediated neurodegeneration may benefit from the novel therapeutic use of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei 103, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Christopher J Nicol
- Departments of Pathology & Molecular Medicine and Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, and Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Yen
- Department of International Business, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Regulation of longevity by FGF21: Interaction between energy metabolism and stress responses. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 37:79-93. [PMID: 28552719 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone-like member of FGF family which controls metabolic multiorgan crosstalk enhancing energy expenditure through glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, FGF21 acts as a stress hormone induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysfunctions of mitochondria and autophagy in several tissues. FGF21 also controls stress responses and metabolism by modulating the functions of somatotropic axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway. FGF21 is a potent longevity factor coordinating interactions between energy metabolism and stress responses. Recent studies have revealed that FGF21 treatment can alleviate many age-related metabolic disorders, e.g. atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and some cardiovascular diseases. In addition, transgenic mice overexpressing FGF21 have an extended lifespan. However, chronic metabolic and stress-related disorders involving inflammatory responses can provoke FGF21 resistance and thus disturb healthy aging process. First, we will describe the role of FGF21 in interorgan energy metabolism and explain how its functions as a stress hormone can improve healthspan. Next, we will examine both the induction of FGF21 expression via the integrated stress response and the molecular mechanism through which FGF21 enhances healthy aging. Finally, we postulate that FGF21 resistance, similarly to insulin resistance, jeopardizes human healthspan and accelerates the aging process.
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Abstract
In mammals, recent studies have demonstrated that the brain, the hypothalamus in particular, is a key bidirectional integrator of humoral and neural information from peripheral tissues, thus influencing ageing both in the brain and at the 'systemic' level. CNS decline drives the progressive impairment of cognitive, social and physical abilities, and the mechanisms underlying CNS regulation of the ageing process, such as microglia-neuron networks and the activities of sirtuins, a class of NAD+-dependent deacylases, are beginning to be understood. Such mechanisms are potential targets for the prevention or treatment of age-associated dysfunction and for the extension of a healthy lifespan.
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74
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Wang Q, Yuan J, Yu Z, Lin L, Jiang Y, Cao Z, Zhuang P, Whalen MJ, Song B, Wang XJ, Li X, Lo EH, Xu Y, Wang X. FGF21 Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Cognitive Impairment via Metabolic Regulation and Anti-inflammation of Obese Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4702-4717. [PMID: 28712011 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies suggest that overnutrition-associated obesity may lead to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndromes (MetS). MetS and its components are important risk factors of mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive decline, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. It has been recently proposed that development of a disease-course modification strategy toward early and effective risk factor management would be clinically significant in reducing the risk of metabolic disorder-initiated cognitive decline. In the present study, we propose that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel candidate for the disease-course modification approach. Using a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption-induced obese mouse model, we tested our hypothesis that recombinant human FGF21 (rFGF21) administration is effective for improving obesity-induced cognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior, by its multiple metabolic modulation and anti-pro-inflammation actions. Our experimental findings support our hypothesis that rFGF21 is protective to HFD-induced cognitive impairment, at least in part by metabolic regulation in glucose tolerance impairment, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia; potent systemic pro-inflammation inhibition; and improvement of hippocampal dysfunction, particularly by inhibiting pro-neuroinflammation and neurogenesis deficit. This study suggests that FGF21 might be a novel molecular target of the disease-course-modifying strategy for early intervention of MstS-associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zeyuan Cao
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Neurobehavioral Core Facility, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China.
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
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Salehpour F, Ahmadian N, Rasta SH, Farhoudi M, Karimi P, Sadigh-Eteghad S. Transcranial low-level laser therapy improves brain mitochondrial function and cognitive impairment in D-galactose-induced aging mice. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 58:140-150. [PMID: 28735143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function plays a key role in the aging-related cognitive impairment, and photoneuromodulation of mitochondria by transcranial low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may contribute to its improvement. This study focused on the transcranial LLLT effects on the D-galactose (DG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and cognitive impairment in mice. For this purpose, red and near-infrared (NIR) laser wavelengths (660 and 810 nm) at 2 different fluencies (4 and 8 J/cm2) at 10-Hz pulsed wave mode were administrated transcranially 3 d/wk in DG-received (500 mg/kg/subcutaneous) mice model of aging for 6 weeks. Spatial and episodic-like memories were assessed by the Barnes maze and What-Where-Which (WWWhich) tasks. Brain tissues were analyzed for mitochondrial function including active mitochondria, adenosine triphosphate, and reactive oxygen species levels, as well as membrane potential and cytochrome c oxidase activity. Apoptosis-related biomarkers, namely, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were evaluated by Western blotting method. Laser treatments at wavelengths of 660 and 810 nm at 8 J/cm2 attenuated DG-impaired spatial and episodic-like memories. Also, results showed an obvious improvement in the mitochondrial function aspects and modulatory effects on apoptotic markers in aged mice. However, same wavelengths at the fluency of 4 J/cm2 had poor effect on the behavioral and molecular indexes in aging model. This data indicates that transcranial LLLT at both of red and NIR wavelengths at the fluency of 8 J/cm2 has a potential to ameliorate aging-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Ahmadian
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Bioengineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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76
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Qiu Y, Ai PF, Song JJ, Liu C, Li ZW. Total Flavonoid Extract from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic Flowers Attenuates d-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mouse Liver Through the Nrf2 Pathway. J Med Food 2017; 20:557-567. [PMID: 28472605 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic is an edible hibiscus that is rich in flavonoids, and its use as Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diseases and health maintenance dates back to ancient times. The chemical compositions of total flavonoid of A. manihot (L.) Medic flower extract (TFAE) were identified and determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effects of TFAE on antioxidative activities in a d-galactose (d-gal)-induced mouse model and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses were evaluated. Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group, d-gal aging model group, d-gal+ascorbic acid group that served as a positive control, and d-gal+TFAE (40, 80, and 160 mg TFAE/kg) group. After 42 days, the antioxidant effects of these treatments were determined by biochemical studies, Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and histological analysis. The results showed that the groups administered TFAE exhibited significant elevation in liver activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) production in a dose-dependent manner compared with the d-gal-induced model group. Expression of Nrf2 and its target antioxidants (HO-1 and NQO1) was manifestly increased by TFAE treatment. TFAE also increased mRNA expression of GPx, SOD, and CAT and decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Furthermore, the microstructure of livers in TFAE-administered mice was obviously improved as compared with the d-gal model group. These results suggest that TFAE protects mice against d-gal-induced oxidative stress, and the effect is related to the activation of Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- 1 College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peng-Fei Ai
- 1 College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian-Jun Song
- 1 College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- 1 College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- 2 College of Chemical and Pharmaceutial Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhuang, China
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77
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Xu X, Lv H, Xia Z, Fan R, Zhang C, Wang Y, Wang D. Rhein exhibits antioxidative effects similar to Rhubarb in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:140. [PMID: 28264680 PMCID: PMC5340037 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The brain is secondarily harmed by pathological, physiological, and biological reactions that are caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Rhein, a significant composition of Rhubarb, is a well-known traditional Chinese treatment method and has a strong oxidation-resisting characteristic, but Rhein’s mechanism remains unclear. Methods This study aimed to identify Rhein in the brain tissues of TBI model of rats, and confirm whether Rhein induced an antioxidative effect similar to its parent medicine, Rhubarb. First, the ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was applied to identify Rhein in the brain tissue of the controlled cortical impact (CCI) rats after intra-gastric administration of Rhubarb. Further, for the purpose of calculating the oxidant stress of the CCI rats, the malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), as well as the proportion of glutathione (GSH)/GSSG were measured in the brain tissues. Results The results showed that Rhein was absorbed in the brain tissues of CCI rats. Rhubarb and rhein elevated the SOD, CAT activities, GSH level, and GSH/GSSG ratio, and diminished the MDA and GSSG levels. Conclusion The data demonstrated that Rhubarb and Rhein had the potential to be used as a neuroprotective drug for TBI, and that Rhein induced an antioxidative effect similar to its parent medicine, Rhubarb.
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78
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Topiramate Improves Neuroblast Differentiation of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in the D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice via Its Antioxidant Effects. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:869-877. [PMID: 27734244 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some anticonvulsant drugs are associated with cognitive ability in patients; Topiramate (TPM) is well known as an effective anticonvulsant agent applied in clinical settings. However, the effect of TPM on the cognitive function is rarely studied. In this study, we aimed to observe the effects of TPM on cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the D-galactose-induced aging mice by Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry. The study is divided into four groups including control, D-galactose-treated group, 25 and 50 mg/kg TPM-treated plus D-galactose-treated groups. We found, 50 mg/kg (not 25 mg/kg) TPM treatment significantly increased the numbers of Ki-67+ cells and DCX immunoreactivity, and improved neuroblast injury induced by D-galactose treatment. In addition, we also found that decreased immunoreactivities and protein levels of antioxidants including superoxide dismutase and catalase induced by D-galactose treatment were significantly recovered by 50 mg/kg TPM treatment in the mice hippocampal DG (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our present results indicate that TPM can ameliorate neuroblast damage and promote cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal DG via increasing SODs and catalase levels in the D-galactose mice.
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79
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Li X, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Sun Y, Qin Y, Deng Z, Li H. Protective Effects of Selenium, Vitamin E, and Purple Carrot Anthocyanins on D-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Damage in Blood, Liver, Heart and Kidney Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:433-42. [PMID: 27025718 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of selenium (Se), vitamin E (Vit E) and anthocyanins from purple carrots and their combination against the oxidative stress induced by D-galactose in rats. A total of 80 male rats were equally divided into 11 groups, one of which acted as control (I) just receiving intraperitoneal injections of physiological saline. The remaining ten groups (II-XI) were intraperitoneally injected with D-galactose at a dose of 400 mg kg(-1) body weight (BW) per day for 42 consecutive days. Rats in groups III-XI were treated with antioxidants via gavage per day as follows: group III: Se-methylselenocysteine (SeMSC), IV: Se as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), V: Se-enriched yeast (SeY), VI: Vit E as α-tocopherol acetate, VII: anthocyanin from purple carrots (APC), VIII: APC + Vit E, IX: SeMSC + APC+ Vit E, X: Na2SeO3 + APC + Vit E, XI: SeY + Ant + Vit E. The results showed that the rats treated with antioxidants (III-XI) showed significant decreases in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein (PCO) compared with the D-galactose-treated group (II) in the heart, liver, kidneys, and blood. Moreover, there were significant increases in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH) concentration, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the heart, liver, kidneys, and blood of antioxidant-treated animals (III-XI) than those in control group (I). In addition, the combined treatments of two or three antioxidants showed greater antioxidant activities than those of individual treatments, suggesting the synergistic antioxidant effects of Se, Vit E, and APC. In conclusion, all the antioxidants exhibited protective effects against D-galactose-induced oxidative damage in rats, and these antioxidants showed a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
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80
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Sa-Nguanmoo P, Tanajak P, Kerdphoo S, Satjaritanun P, Wang X, Liang G, Li X, Jiang C, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. FGF21 improves cognition by restored synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density, brain mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis in obese-insulin resistant male rats. Horm Behav 2016; 85:86-95. [PMID: 27566237 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone which exerts beneficial effects on metabolic regulation in obese and diabetic models. However, the effect of FGF21 on cognition in obese-insulin resistant rats has not been investigated. We hypothesized that FGF21 prevented cognitive decline in obese-insulin resistant rats by improving hippocampal synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density, brain mitochondrial function and brain FGF21 signaling as well as decreasing brain cell apoptosis. Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, and received either a normal diet (ND) (n=6) or a high fat diet (HFD) (n=12) for 12weeks. At week 13, the HFD-fed rats were subdivided into two subgroups (n=6/subgroup) to receive either vehicle or recombinant human FGF21 (0.1mg/kg/day) for four weeks. ND-fed rats were given vehicle for four weeks. At the end of the treatment, cognitive function, metabolic parameters, pro-inflammatory markers, brain mitochondrial function, cell apoptosis, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density and brain FGF21 signaling were determined. The results showed that vehicle-treated HFD-fed rats developed obese-insulin resistance and cognitive decline with impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity, decreased dendritic spine density, brain mitochondrial dysfunction and increased brain cell apoptosis. Impaired brain FGF 21 signaling was found in these obese-insulin resistant rats. FGF21-treated obese-insulin resistant rats had improved peripheral insulin sensitivity, increased hippocampal synaptic plasticity, increased dendritic spine density, restored brain mitochondrial function, attenuated brain cells apoptosis and increased brain FGF21 signaling, leading to a prevention of cognitive decline. These findings suggest that FGF21 treatment exerts neuroprotection in obese-insulin resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattarapong Satjaritanun
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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81
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Yu Y, He J, Li S, Song L, Guo X, Yao W, Zou D, Gao X, Liu Y, Bai F, Ren G, Li D. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) inhibits macrophage-mediated inflammation by activating Nrf2 and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:144-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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82
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Wang XM, Xiao H, Liu LL, Cheng D, Li XJ, Si LY. FGF21 represses cerebrovascular aging via improving mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibiting p53 signaling pathway in an AMPK-dependent manner. Exp Cell Res 2016; 346:147-56. [PMID: 27364911 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular aging has a high relationship with stroke and neurodegenerative disease. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on angiotensin (Ang II)-mediated cerebrovascular aging in human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (hBVSMCs). Ang II induced remarkable aging-phenotypes in hBVSMCs, including enhanced SA-β-gal staining and NBS1 protein expression. First, we used immunoblotting assay to confirm protein expression of FGF21 receptor (FGFR1) and the co-receptor β-Klotho in cultured hBVSMCs. Second, we found that FGF21 treatment partly prevented the aging-related changes induced by Ang II. FGF21 inhibited Ang II-enhanced ROS production/superoxide anion levels, rescued the Ang II-reduced Complex IV and citrate synthase activities, and suppressed the Ang II-induced meprin protein expression. Third, we showed that FGF21 not only inhibited the Ang II-induced p53 activation, but also blocked the action of Ang II on Siah-1-TRF signaling pathway which is upstream factors for p53 activation. At last, either chemical inhibition of AMPK signaling pathway by a specific antagonist Compound C or knockdown of AMPKα1/2 isoform using siRNA, successfully abolished the anti-aging action of FGF21 in hBVSMCs. These results indicate that FGF21 protects against Ang II-induced cerebrovascular aging via improving mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibiting p53 activation in an AMPK-dependent manner, and highlight the therapeutic value of FGF21 in cerebrovascular aging-related diseases such as stroke and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-Lin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dang Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang-Yi Si
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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83
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Li L, Xu M, Shen B, Li M, Gao Q, Wei SG. Moderate exercise prevents neurodegeneration in D-galactose-induced aging mice. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:807-15. [PMID: 27335566 PMCID: PMC4904473 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.182709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
D-galactose has been widely used in aging research because of its efficacy in inducing senescence and accelerating aging in animal models. The present study investigated the benefits of exercise for preventing neurodegeneration, such as synaptic plasticity, spatial learning and memory abilities, in mouse models of aging. D-galactose-induced aging mice were administered daily subcutaneous injections of D-galactose at the base of the neck for 10 consecutive weeks. Then, the mice were subjected to exercise training by running on a treadmill for 6 days a week. Shortened escape latency in a Morris water maze test indicated that exercise improved learning and memory in aging mice. The ameliorative changes were likely induced by an upregulation of Bcl-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the repression of apoptosis factors such as Fas and Bax, and an increase in the activity of glucose transporters-1 and 4. The data suggest moderate exercise may retard or inhibit neurodegeneration in D-galactose-induced aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Infectious Medicine, Beijing YouAn Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Infectious Medicine, Beijing YouAn Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Infectious Medicine, Beijing YouAn Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Children's and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Children's and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Gang Wei
- Department of Children's and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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84
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Qu Z, Yang H, Zhang J, Huo L, Chen H, Li Y, Liu C, Gao W. Cerebralcare Granule(®), a Chinese Herb Compound Preparation, Attenuates D-Galactose Induced Memory Impairment in Mice. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2199-214. [PMID: 27161371 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebralcare granule(®) (CG) is a preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine that widely used in China. It was approved by the China State Food and Drug Administration for treatment of headache and dizziness associated with cerebrovascular diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether CG had protective effect against D-galactose (gal)-induced memory impairment and to explore the mechanism of its action. D-gal was administered (100 mg/kg, subcutaneously) once daily for 8 weeks to induced memory deficit and neurotoxicity in the brain of aging mouse and CG (7.5, 15, and 30 g/kg) were simultaneously administered orally. The present study demonstrates that CG can alleviate aging in the mouse brain induced by D-gal through improving behavioral performance and reducing brain cell damage in the hippocampus. CG prevents aging mainly via suppression of oxidative stress response, such as decreasing NO and MDA levels, renewing activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx, as well as decreasing AChE activity in the brain of D-gal-treated mice. In addition, CG prevents aging through inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response and caspase-3-medicated neurodegeneration in the brain of D-gal treated mice. Taken together, these data clearly demonstrates that subcutaneous injection of D-gal produced memory deficit, meanwhile CG can protect neuron from D-gal insults and improve memory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Qu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Honggai Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Liqin Huo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratories of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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85
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Leng Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Liao HM, Wei M, Leeds P, Chuang DM. Valproic Acid and Other HDAC Inhibitors Upregulate FGF21 Gene Expression and Promote Process Elongation in Glia by Inhibiting HDAC2 and 3. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw035. [PMID: 27207921 PMCID: PMC5006201 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21, a novel regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, has robust protective properties in neurons. However, its expression and function in glia are unknown. Valproic acid, a mood stabilizer and anticonvulsant, is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and a dynamic gene regulator. We investigated whether histone deacetylase inhibition by valproic acid and other inhibitors upregulates fibroblast growth factor 21 expression and, if so, sought to identify the histone deacetylase isoform(s) involved and their role in altering glial cell morphology. METHODS C6 glioma or primary cortical glial cultures were treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors, and fibroblast growth factor 21 levels and length of cell processes were subsequently measured. Histone deacetylase 1, 2, or 3 was also knocked down to detect which isoform was involved in regulating fibroblast growth factor 21 mRNA levels. Finally, knockdown and overexpression of fibroblast growth factor 21 were performed to determine whether it played a role in regulating cell process length. RESULTS Treatment of C6 cells or primary glial cultures with valproic acid elevated fibroblast growth factor 21 mRNA levels, extended cell process length, and markedly increased acetylated histone-H3 levels. Other histone deacetylase inhibitors including pan- and class I-specific inhibitors, or selective knockdown of histone deacetylase 2 or 3 isoform produced similar effects. Knockdown or overexpression of fibroblast growth factor 21 significantly decreased or increased C6 cell process length, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In glial cell line and primary glia, using pharmacological inhibition and selective gene silencing of histone deacetylases to boost fibroblast growth factor 21 mRNA levels results in elongation of cell processes. Our study provides a new mechanism via which histone deacetylase 2 and 3 participate in upregulating fibroblast growth factor 21 transcription and extending process outgrowth in glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Leng
- Molecular Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - De-Maw Chuang
- Molecular Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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86
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Sa-Nguanmoo P, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Potential roles of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the brain. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:239-48. [PMID: 26738728 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone, playing an important role in the regulation of metabolism. FGF21 is primarily expressed by several tissues, including liver, pancreas, thymus, heart, muscle, adipose tissue, and brain. In addition to the effects of FGF21 in lowering glucose and lipid levels, increasing insulin sensitivity and regulating energy homeostasis in rodents and non-human primate models of diabetes and obesity, previous reports have demonstrated that FGF21 also plays an important role in the brain involving it in potential effects in metabolic regulation, neuroprotection and cognition. In this review, the current available evidence from both in vitro and in vivo investigations regarding the roles of FGF21 and its function in the brain are comprehensively summarized. In addition, the mechanistic insights regarding the roles of FGF21 in the brain and its potential neuroprotective benefits are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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