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Expression of the antimicrobial peptide cecropin fused with human lysozyme in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:2169-76. [PMID: 20499232 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme is an abundant, cationic antimicrobial protein that plays an important role in host defense. It targets the beta (1-4) glycosidic bond between N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic residues that make up peptidoglycan, making lysozyme highly active against Gram-positive bacteria. However, lysozyme alone is inactive against Gram-negative bacteria because it cannot reach the peptidoglycan layer. Cecropins are cationic molecules with a wide range of antimicrobial activities. The main target for these peptides is the cytoplasmic membrane. We resume that cecopin may disrupt the outer membrane, giving the enzyme access to the peptidoglycan in cell wall. So in the present study, novel hybrid protein combining Musca domestica cecropin (Mdc) with human lysozyme (Hly) was designed. The DNA sequence encoding recombination fusion protein Mdc-hly was cloned into the pET-32a vector for protein expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). The protein was expressed as a His-tagged fusion protein, and the Mdc-hly was released from the fusion by enterokinase cleavage and separated from the carrier thioredoxin. Antimicrobial activity assays showed that the recombinant fusion protein Mdc-hly has improved in vitro antimicrobial activity and action spectrum compared to Mdc and hly. Mdc-hly may have important potential application as a future safely administered human drug and food additive.
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52
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Soluble expression and purification of a crab antimicrobial peptide scygonadin in different expression plasmids and analysis of its antimicrobial activity. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 70:109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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53
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Yu F, Wang J, Zhang P, Hong Y, Liu W. Fusion expression of cecropin B-like antibacterial peptide in Escherichia coli and preparation of its antiserum. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:669-73. [PMID: 20047068 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial peptides have a broad range of antibacterial properties that makes them highly toxic for expression in Escherichia coli. For prepare an antiserum to detect these peptides, we developed a cecropin B mutant with a green fluorescent protein fusion partner resulting in high expression of a 37 kDa fusion peptide in E. coli with a yield of 7.9 mg/l culture medium after purification on Ni-IDA resin. Guinea pigs when immunized with the fusion peptide produced a specific antiserum which titers in excess of 1:25,600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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54
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Abstract
Large quantities of antimicrobial peptides are required for investigations and clinical trials, therefore suitable production method alternative to traditional chemical synthesis is necessary. Production of recombinant antimicrobial peptides in prokaryotic systems has successfully demonstrated the viability of this approach. Production of antimicrobial peptides in Escherichia coli is potentially limited due to their toxicity to host cells and susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, which can be avoided using fusion protein approach. We describe antimicrobial peptide production in E. coli based on forcing antimicrobial peptides into inclusion bodies, which is affective for the production of large quantities of antimicrobial peptides. Chemical reagents for cleaving peptide bond between antimicrobial peptides and fusion proteins such as cyanogen bromide and diluted acid are selective and provide antimicrobial peptides for biological studies in short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Zorko
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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55
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Hartmann BM, Kaar W, Yoo IK, Lua LHL, Falconer RJ, Middelberg APJ. The chromatography-free release, isolation and purification of recombinant peptide for fibril self-assembly. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 104:973-85. [PMID: 19530081 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
One of the major expenses associated with recombinant peptide production is the use of chromatography in the isolation and purification stages of a bioprocess. Here we report a chromatography-free isolation and purification process for recombinant peptide expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Initial peptide release is by homogenization and then by enzymatic cleavage of the peptide-containing fusion protein, directly in the E. coli homogenate. Release is followed by selective solvent precipitation (SSP) to isolate and purify the peptide away from larger cell contaminants. Specifically, we expressed in E. coli the self-assembling beta-sheet forming peptide P(11)-2 in fusion to thioredoxin. Homogenate was heat treated (55 degrees C, 15 min) and then incubated with tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) to release P(11)-2 having a native N-terminus. SSP with ethanol at room temperature then removed contaminating proteins in an integrated isolation-purification step; it proved necessary to add 250 mM NaCl to homogenate to prevent P(11)-2 from partitioning to the precipitate. This process structure gave recombinant P(11)-2 peptide at 97% polypeptide purity and 40% overall yield, without a single chromatography step. Following buffer-exchange of the 97% pure product by bind-elute chromatography into defined chemical conditions, the resulting peptide was shown to be functionally active and able to form self-assembled fibrils. To the best of our knowledge, this manuscript reports the first published process for chromatography-free recombinant peptide release, isolation and purification. The process proved able to deliver functional recombinant peptide at high purity and potentially low cost, opening cost-sensitive materials applications for peptide-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Hartmann
- Centre for Biomolecular Engineering, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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56
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Plunkett RM, Murray SI, Lowenberger CA. Generation and characterization of the antibacterial activity of a novel hybrid antimicrobial peptide comprising functional domains from different insect cecropins. Can J Microbiol 2009; 55:520-8. [PMID: 19483780 DOI: 10.1139/w09-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The search for new antimicrobial compounds involves finding novel sources of chemotherapeutic compounds or manipulating and combining structures from existing molecules. Small antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are components of innate immune defenses characterized in greatest detail in insect-derived AMPs. We have generated hybrid AMPs (hAMPs) by combining functional motifs from different insect AMPs as a proof of principle that we can generate molecules with lower minimum inhibitory concentrations, and with different activity and target specificity than either parent molecule. A two-helix, cecropin-like hAMP was created by linking the N-terminal alpha helix of cecropin A from Aedes aegypti to the C-terminal alpha helix of cecropin A1 from Drosophila melanogaster. This molecule exhibits antibacterial activity at sub-micromolar concentrations with a target specificity that differs from either parent molecule. Antibacterial activity of the hybrid molecule was found to be greater against Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria. No hemolysis was observed in sheep red blood cells exposed to concentrations up to 50 micromol/L, suggesting the peptide is not detrimental to eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Plunkett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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57
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Chen X, Zhu F, Cao Y, Qiao S. Novel expression vector for secretion of cecropin AD in Bacillus subtilis with enhanced antimicrobial activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:3683-9. [PMID: 19546372 PMCID: PMC2737859 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00251-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cecropin AD, a chimeric antimicrobial peptide obtained from cecropins, is effective at killing specific microorganisms. However, a highly efficient expression system is still needed to allow for commercial application of cecropin AD. For the exogenous expression of cecropin AD, we fused the cecropin AD gene with a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) gene and a signal peptide of SacB, while a Bacillus subtilis expression system was constructed based on Bacillus subtilis cells genetically modified by the introduction of an operon including an isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible Spac promoter, a signal peptide of amyQ, and the SUMO protease gene. The recombinant cecropin AD was expressed, and 30.6 mg of pure recombinant protein was purified from 1 liter of culture supernatant. The purified cecropin AD displayed antimicrobial activity against some pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and was especially effective toward Staphylococcus aureus, with MICs of <0.05 microM (0.2 microg/ml). Stability analysis results showed that the activity of cecropin AD was not influenced by temperatures as high as 55 degrees C for 20 min; however, temperatures above 85 degrees C (for 20 min) decreased the antimicrobial activity of cecropin AD. Varying the pH from 4.0 to 9.0 did not appear to affect the activity of cecropin AD, but some loss of potency was observed at pH values lower than pH 4.0. Under the challenge of several proteases (proteinase K, trypsin, and pepsin), cecropin AD maintained functional activity. The results indicated that the recombinant product expressed by the designed Bacillus subtilis expression system was a potent antimicrobial agent and could be applied to control infectious diseases of farm animals or even humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, National Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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58
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Yedery RD, Reddy KVR. Identification, cloning, characterization and recombinant expression of an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the hemocytes of Indian mud crab, Scylla serrata. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 27:275-284. [PMID: 19490944 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALF) are a group of small basic proteins which are released into the hemolymph as a result of rapid degranulation of hemocytes in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the present study, using a combined approach of degenerate and RACE PCR, the gene coding for Scylla serrata anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (SsALF) was cloned and characterized. The full-length SsALF cDNA sequence consists of 607 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 97 amino acids, constituting a molecular mass of 11172 Da with an estimated pI of 10.01. The SsALF protein showed upto 92% similarity with ALF from Scylla paramamosain and about 33-53% amino acid sequence identity with other known ALF sequences. SsALF protein sequence demonstrated the presence of two highly conserved cysteine residues and putative LPS binding domain. An in vivo expression study showed that SsALF mRNA was expressed predominantly in hemocytes, heart and muscle of healthy mud crabs. The recombinant form of SsALF protein (rSsALF) was expressed with a Histag, in Escherichia coli, using the pTriEx-4 Ek/LIC vector. The purified rSsALF protein demonstrated antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The recombinant protein was able to significantly neutralize LPS-induced expression on SsALF in vivo as demonstrated by real-time PCR. rSsALF was able to permeabilize artificial phospholipid membranes as demonstrated by calcein enclosed liposome model. These studies strongly suggest that SsALF is one among the important antimicrobial factors produced in the crab during a microbial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Dinesh Yedery
- Division of Molecular Immunology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
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59
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Li Y. Carrier proteins for fusion expression of antimicrobial peptides in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2009; 54:1-9. [PMID: 19575694 PMCID: PMC7188355 DOI: 10.1042/ba20090087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are an essential component of innate immunity and play an important role in host defence against microbial pathogens. They have received increasing attention recently as potential novel pharmaceutical agents. To meet the requirement for necessary basic science studies and clinical trials, large quantities of these peptides are needed. In general, isolation from natural sources and chemical synthesis are not cost-effective. The relatively low cost and easy scale-up of the recombinant approach renders it the most attractive means for large-scale production of antimicrobial peptides. Among the many systems available for protein expression, Escherichia coli remains the most widely used host. Antimicrobial peptides produced in E. coli are often expressed as fusion proteins, which effectively masks these peptides' potential lethal effect towards the bacterial host and protects the peptides from proteolytic degradation. Although some carriers confer peptide solubility, others promote the formation of inclusion bodies. The present minireview considers the most commonly used carrier proteins for fusion expression of antimicrobial peptides in E. coli. The favourable properties of SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) as a novel fusion partner are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
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60
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Vidovic V, Prongidi-Fix L, Bechinger B, Werten S. Production and isotope labeling of antimicrobial peptides in Escherichia coli by means of a novel fusion partner that enables high-yield insoluble expression and fast purification. J Pept Sci 2009; 15:278-84. [PMID: 19189273 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A method is presented that allows efficient production of antimicrobial peptides in bacteria by means of fusion to the histone fold domain of the human transcription factor TAF12. This small fusion partner drives high-level expression of peptides and leads to their accumulation in an entirely insoluble form, thereby eliminating toxicity to the host. Using the antimicrobial peptide LAH4 as an example, we demonstrate that neither affinity purification of the TAF12 fusion protein nor initial solubilization of inclusion bodies in denaturing buffers is required. Instead, crude insoluble material from bacteria is directly dissolved in formic acid for immediate release of the peptide through chemical cleavage at a unique Asp-Pro site. This is followed by purification to homogeneity in a single chromatographic step. Because of the elevated expression levels of the histone fold domain and its small size (8 kDa), this straightforward purification scheme produces yields in excess of 10 mg active peptide per liter of culture. We demonstrate that TAF12 fusion allows expression of a wide range of antimicrobial peptides as well as efficient isotope labeling for NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verica Vidovic
- Institut de Chimie, Université Louis Pasteur, CNRS UMR 7177, 67070 Strasbourg, France
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61
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Bogomolovas J, Simon B, Sattler M, Stier G. Screening of fusion partners for high yield expression and purification of bioactive viscotoxins. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 64:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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62
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Jin FL, Xu XX, Yu XQ, Ren SX. Expression and characterization of antimicrobial peptide CecropinAD in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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63
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Kaar W, Hartmann B, Fan Y, Zeng B, Lua L, Dexter A, Falconer R, Middelberg A. Microbial bio-production of a recombinant stimuli-responsive biosurfactant. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:176-87. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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64
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Biologically active and C-amidated hinnavinII-38-Asn produced from a Trx fusion construct in Escherichia coli. J Microbiol 2008; 46:656-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-008-0214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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65
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Zorko M, Japelj B, Hafner-Bratkovic I, Jerala R. Expression, purification and structural studies of a short antimicrobial peptide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1788:314-23. [PMID: 19026609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have produced a small antimicrobial peptide PFWRIRIRR in bacteria utilizing production in the form of insoluble fusion protein with ketosteroid isomerase. The recombinant peptide was rapidly and efficiently isolated by acidic cleavage of the fusion protein based on the acid labile Asp-Pro bond at the N-terminus of the peptide. The peptide has antibacterial activity and neutralizes macrophage activation by LPS. The selectivity of the peptide against bacteria correlates with preferential binding to acidic phospholipid vesicles. Solution structure of the peptide in SDS and DPC micelles was determined by NMR. The peptide adopts a well-defined structure, comprising a short helical segment. Cationic and hydrophobic clusters are segregated along the molecular axis of the short helix, which is positioned perpendicular to the membrane plane. The position of the helix is shifted in two micellar types and more nonpolar surface is exposed in anionic micelles. Overall structure explains the advantageous role of the N-terminal proline residue, which forms an integral part of the hydrophobic cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Zorko
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, POB 660, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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66
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Montesinos E, Bardají E. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides as agricultural pesticides for plant-disease control. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:1225-37. [PMID: 18649311 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is a need of antimicrobial compounds in agriculture for plant-disease control, with low toxicity and reduced negative environmental impact. Antimicrobial peptides are produced by living organisms and offer strong possibilities in agriculture because new compounds can be developed based on natural structures with improved properties of activity, specificity, biodegradability, and toxicity. Design of new molecules has been achieved using combinatorial-chemistry procedures coupled to high-throughput screening systems and data processing with design-of-experiments (DOE) methodology to obtain QSAR equation models and optimized compounds. Upon selection of best candidates with low cytotoxicity and moderate stability to protease digestion, anti-infective activity has been evaluated in plant-pathogen model systems. Suitable compounds have been submitted to acute toxicity testing in higher organisms and exhibited a low toxicity profile in a mouse model. Large-scale production can be achieved by solution organic or chemoenzymatic procedures in the case of very small peptides, but, in many cases, production can be performed by biotechnological methods using genetically modified microorganisms (fermentation) or transgenic crops (plant biofactories).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Montesinos
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-18071 Girona.
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67
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Shlyapnikov YM, Andreev YA, Kozlov SA, Vassilevski AA, Grishin EV. Bacterial production of latarcin 2a, a potent antimicrobial peptide from spider venom. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 60:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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68
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Escherichia coli expression and purification of four antimicrobial peptides fused to a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) from Clostridium thermocellum. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 59:161-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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69
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Zhou XX, Wang YB, Pan YJ, Li WF. Nisin-controlled extracellular production of apidaecin in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 78:947-53. [PMID: 18286279 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Apidaecins are heat-stable, nonhelical antibacterial peptides isolated from lymph fluid of the honeybee (Apis mellifera). These peptides are active against a wide range of gram-negative bacteria and they are the most prominent components of the honeybee humoral defense against microbial invasion. In the present study, one isoform of apidaecin, apidaecin Ho, was expressed extracellularly in the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis. Results showed that expression driven by the lactococcal nisA promoter and Usp45 signal peptide resulted in efficient secretion of apidaecin in L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000. Recombinant apidaecin was purified by gel filtration and semipreparative RP-HPLC, and about 10 mg active recombinant apidaecin was obtained from 1,000 ml culture. This is the first report on the nisin-controlled extracellular production of active apidaecin in L. lacits. The expression and delivery of apidaecin in the food-grade L. lactis may provide a clue to facilitate the widespread application of apidaecin in the control and prevention of gram-negative bacteria infections of human and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Xia Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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70
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Kim JM, Jang SA, Yu BJ, Sung BH, Cho JH, Kim SC. High-level expression of an antimicrobial peptide histonin as a natural form by multimerization and furin-mediated cleavage. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 78:123-30. [PMID: 18094965 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Direct expression of an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) in Escherichia coli causes several problems such as the toxicity of AMP to the host cell, its susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, and decreased antimicrobial activity due to the additional residue(s) introduced after cleavage of AMPs from fusion partners. To overcome these problems and produce a large quantity of a potent AMP histonin (RAGLQFPVGKLLKKLLKRLKR) in E. coli, an efficient expression system was developed, in which the toxicity of histonin was neutralized by a fusion partner F4 (a truncated fragment of PurF protein) and the productivity was increased by a multimeric expression of a histonin gene. The expression level of the fusion proteins reached a maximum with a 12-mer of a histonin gene. In addition, because of the RLKR residues present at the C terminus of histonin, furin cleavage of the multimeric histonin expressed produces an intact, natural histonin. The AMP activity of the histonin produced in E. coli was identical to that of a synthetic histonin. With our expression system, 167 mg of histonin was obtained from 1 l of E. coli culture. These results may lead to a cost-effective solution for the mass production of AMPs that are toxic to a host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
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71
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