51
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Fang Y, McGrail DJ, Sun C, Labrie M, Chen X, Zhang D, Ju Z, Vellano CP, Lu Y, Li Y, Jeong KJ, Ding Z, Liang J, Wang SW, Dai H, Lee S, Sahni N, Mercado-Uribe I, Kim TB, Chen K, Lin SY, Peng G, Westin SN, Liu J, O'Connor MJ, Yap TA, Mills GB. Sequential Therapy with PARP and WEE1 Inhibitors Minimizes Toxicity while Maintaining Efficacy. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:851-867.e7. [PMID: 31185210 PMCID: PMC6642675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that concurrent administration of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and WEE1 inhibitors is effective in inhibiting tumor growth but poorly tolerated. Concurrent treatment with PARP and WEE1 inhibitors induces replication stress, DNA damage, and abrogates the G2 DNA damage checkpoint in both normal and malignant cells. Following cessation of monotherapy with PARP or WEE1 inhibitors, effects of these inhibitors persist suggesting that sequential administration of PARP and WEE1 inhibitors could maintain efficacy while ameliorating toxicity. Strikingly, while sequential administration mirrored concurrent therapy in cancer cells that have high basal replication stress, low basal replication stress in normal cells protected them from DNA damage and toxicity, thus improving tolerability while preserving efficacy in ovarian cancer xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher P Vellano
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiyong Liang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven W Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1808 Park Road 1C, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Imelda Mercado-Uribe
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tae-Beom Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shiaw-Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark J O'Connor
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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52
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Wang X, Bai Y, Han Y, Meng J, Liu H. Downregulation of GBAS regulates oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and apoptosis via the p53 signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3729-3742. [PMID: 31190874 PMCID: PMC6529179 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s207930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common and severe type of head and neck malignancy. The mechanisms by which OSCC arises depend on changes in a number of different factors and genes and the clinicopathological stage of the tumors. Better understanding the possible mechanisms of OSCC would help to identify a new target for molecular targeted therapy. The current study was focused on elucidating the significance of the glioblastoma-amplified sequence (GBAS) on malignant behaviors in OSCC, including proliferation and apoptosis. Patients and methods: In this study, we measured the levels of mRNA in OSCC and normal oral tissue samples using Affymetrix microarrays. We examined GBAS expression in OSCC tissues and the effect of GBAS knockdown on cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms underlying GBAS were investigated. Results: In the present study, GBAS expression was substantially elevated in the majority of tested OSCC tissues. Further, knockdown of GBAS using lentiviral-delivered shRNA in cells had significant effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle. A xenograft model was also used to assess the tumorigenicity of the GBAS knockdown on OSCC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, GBAS activated p53 signaling by regulating the mRNA and protein expression of CHEK1, AKT1, AKT2 and Bax. Finally, we also investigated the expression of GBAS in patients with OSCC, and the data revealed that GBAS expression was correlated with the rates of relapse and tumor grade. Conclusion: Our studies provide evidence that GBAS regulates OSCC cell proliferation and apoptosis via p53 signaling, which may be a candidate biomarker for the prognosis and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Bai
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital, College of Medicine, Southeast University, Xuzhou, JiangSu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, JiangSu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Meng
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital, College of Medicine, Southeast University, Xuzhou, JiangSu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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53
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García-Gutiérrez L, Delgado MD, León J. MYC Oncogene Contributions to Release of Cell Cycle Brakes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E244. [PMID: 30909496 PMCID: PMC6470592 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Promotion of the cell cycle is a major oncogenic mechanism of the oncogene c-MYC (MYC). MYC promotes the cell cycle by not only activating or inducing cyclins and CDKs but also through the downregulation or the impairment of the activity of a set of proteins that act as cell-cycle brakes. This review is focused on the role of MYC as a cell-cycle brake releaser i.e., how MYC stimulates the cell cycle mainly through the functional inactivation of cell cycle inhibitors. MYC antagonizes the activities and/or the expression levels of p15, ARF, p21, and p27. The mechanism involved differs for each protein. p15 (encoded by CDKN2B) and p21 (CDKN1A) are repressed by MYC at the transcriptional level. In contrast, MYC activates ARF, which contributes to the apoptosis induced by high MYC levels. At least in some cells types, MYC inhibits the transcription of the p27 gene (CDKN1B) but also enhances p27's degradation through the upregulation of components of ubiquitin ligases complexes. The effect of MYC on cell-cycle brakes also opens the possibility of antitumoral therapies based on synthetic lethal interactions involving MYC and CDKs, for which a series of inhibitors are being developed and tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC) CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Department of Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
- Current address: Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - María Dolores Delgado
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC) CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Department of Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC) CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Department of Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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54
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Pillay N, Tighe A, Nelson L, Littler S, Coulson-Gilmer C, Bah N, Golder A, Bakker B, Spierings DCJ, James DI, Smith KM, Jordan AM, Morgan RD, Ogilvie DJ, Foijer F, Jackson DA, Taylor SS. DNA Replication Vulnerabilities Render Ovarian Cancer Cells Sensitive to Poly(ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase Inhibitors. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:519-533.e8. [PMID: 30889383 PMCID: PMC6428690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have demonstrated efficacy in women with BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer. However, only 15%-20% of ovarian cancers harbor BRCA mutations, therefore additional therapies are required. Here, we show that a subset of ovarian cancer cell lines and ex vivo models derived from patient biopsies are sensitive to a poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitor. Sensitivity is due to underlying DNA replication vulnerabilities that cause persistent fork stalling and replication catastrophe. PARG inhibition is synthetic lethal with inhibition of DNA replication factors, allowing additional models to be sensitized by CHK1 inhibitors. Because PARG and PARP inhibitor sensitivity are mutually exclusive, our observations demonstrate that PARG inhibitors have therapeutic potential to complement PARP inhibitor strategies in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Pillay
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anthony Tighe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Louisa Nelson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Samantha Littler
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Camilla Coulson-Gilmer
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Nourdine Bah
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anya Golder
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic I James
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Kate M Smith
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Robert D Morgan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dean A Jackson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen S Taylor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
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55
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Iwasa S, Yamamoto N, Shitara K, Tamura K, Matsubara N, Tajimi M, Lin AB, Asou H, Cai Z, Inoue K, Shibasaki Y, Saito K, Takai H, Doi T. Dose-finding study of the checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor, prexasertib, in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3216-3223. [PMID: 30040168 PMCID: PMC6247064 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prexasertib is a novel inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate prexasertib tolerability in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. This nonrandomized single-arm open-label phase 1 study of prexasertib consisted of 2 dose levels, 80 mg/m2 and the global-recommended dose based on a US study of 105 mg/m2 , administered intravenously once every 14 days (n = 6 for each dose). Transition to the higher dose proceeded if the frequency of dose-limiting toxicity observed in cycle 1 was <33% at the lower dose. Safety measures, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity were assessed. A total of 12 patients were treated. Two patients, one in each dose group, experienced dose-limiting toxicities of febrile neutropenia, one grade 4 and the other grade 3; both patients recovered and continued the study treatment. The grade 4 treatment-emergent adverse events related to study treatment were neutropenia (6 patients [50.0%]), leukopenia (4 patients [33.3%]), and 1 instance each (8.3%) of anemia, febrile neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Neutropenia was generally transient and reversible; 11 patients (91.7%) required granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment during the study. There were no discontinuations due to adverse events or deaths. The prexasertib pharmacokinetics displayed dose-independent and time-independent behavior across both dose levels, similar to the profile observed in the US-based phase 1 study. Eight patients had a best overall response of stable disease. These data are consistent with the known safety profile for prexasertib and confirm its tolerability in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aimee B Lin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
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56
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Targeting acute myeloid leukemia CD34 + stem/progenitor cells with small molecule inhibitor MK-8776. Leuk Res 2018; 72:71-73. [PMID: 30103203 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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57
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Hwang BJ, Adhikary G, Eckert RL, Lu AL. Chk1 inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy in melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30450-30464. [PMID: 30100999 PMCID: PMC6084399 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma patients respond poorly to chemotherapies because they acquire drug resistance. Therapies that can overcome the resistance to inhibitors of the mutated BRAF protein kinase in melanoma are urgently needed. Chk1 protein kinase is a central component of the DNA damage response and plays a crucial role in controlling cell cycle progression. Analyses indicate that low mRNA expression of Chk1 is significantly associated with good overall survival of melanoma patients. To evaluate the effectiveness of Chk1 inhibitors in melanoma therapy, we have generated BRAF inhibitor (PLX4032 or vemurafenib) resistant melanoma cell lines (A375-PLX-R and WM9-PLX-R) from A375 and WM9, respectively. We observe that AKT (protein kinase B) is constitutively activated in A375-PLX-R, but not in WM9-PLX-R cells, suggesting that these cells develop resistance to PLX4032 through different mechanisms. We show that a potent and specific inhibitor of Chk1 (PF477736) is effective in reducing cell viability and colony formation of PLX4032-resistant cells. Even more impressively, PF477736 triggers PLX4032-resistant melanoma cells to regain sensitivity to the PLX4032. Mouse xenograft studies show that treating A375-PLX-R derived tumors with combined PLX4032 and PF477736 significantly reduce tumor growth. Combined treatments with PLX4032 and PF477736 reduce the levels of total Chk1 protein and alter Chk1 phosphorylation at several sites in both PLX4032 sensitive and resistant melanoma cells. Combinatorial treatments with PLX4032 and PF477736 to melanoma cells substantially induce DNA damage and cell death. Our results suggest that Chk1 inhibitors may provide new therapy options for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Jang Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A-Lien Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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58
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Wang L, Wang Y, Chen A, Jalali A, Liu S, Guo Y, Na S, Nakshatri H, Li BY, Yokota H. Effects of a checkpoint kinase inhibitor, AZD7762, on tumor suppression and bone remodeling. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1001-1012. [PMID: 30015873 PMCID: PMC6065446 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy for suppressing tumor growth and metastasis tends to induce various effects on other organs. Using AZD7762, an inhibitor of checkpoint kinase (Chk) 1 and 2, the present study examined its effect on mammary tumor cells in addition to bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes), using monolayer cell cultures and three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroids. The results revealed that AZD7762 blocked the proliferation of 4T1.2 mammary tumor cells and suppressed the development of RAW264.7 pre-osteoclast cells by downregulating nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1. AZD7762 also promoted the mineralization of MC3T3 osteoblast-like cells and 3D bio-printed bone constructs of MLO-A5 osteocyte spheroids. While a Chk1 inhibitor, PD407824, suppressed the proliferation of tumor cells and the differentiation of pre-osteoclasts, its effect on gene expression in osteoblasts was markedly different compared with AZD7762. Western blotting indicated that the stimulating effect of AZD7762 on osteoblast development was associated with the inhibition of Chk2 and the downregulation of cellular tumor antigen p53. The results of the present study indicated that in addition to acting as a tumor suppressor, AZD7762 may prevent bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and stimulating osteoblast mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Andy Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Aydin Jalali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Sungsoo Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Simon Cancer Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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59
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Wen P, Chidanguro T, Shi Z, Gu H, Wang N, Wang T, Li Y, Gao J. Identification of candidate biomarkers and pathways associated with SCLC by bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1538-1550. [PMID: 29845250 PMCID: PMC6072191 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the highly malignant tumors and a serious threat to human health. The aim of the present study was to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of SCLC. mRNA microarray datasets GSE6044 and GSE11969 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal lung and SCLC samples were screened using GEO2R tool. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for common DEGs using the DAVID database, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common DEGs was constructed by the STRING database and visualized with Cytoscape software. In addition, the hub genes in the network and module analysis of the PPI network were performed using CentiScaPe and plugin Molecular Complex Detection. Finally, the mRNA expression levels of hub genes were validated in the Oncomine database. A total of 150 common DEGs with absolute fold-change >0.5, including 66 significantly downregulated DEGs and 84 upregulated DEGs were obtained. The Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis suggested that common upregulated DEGs were primarily enriched in biological processes (BPs), including ‘cell cycle’, ‘cell cycle phase’, ‘M phase’, ‘cell cycle process’ and ‘DNA metabolic process’. The common downregulated genes were significantly enriched in BPs, including ‘response to wounding’, ‘positive regulation of immune system process’, ‘immune response’, ‘acute inflammatory response’ and ‘inflammatory response’. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis identified that the common downregulated DEGs were primarily enriched in the ‘complement and coagulation cascades’ signaling pathway; the common upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in ‘cell cycle’, ‘DNA replication’, ‘oocyte meiosis’ and the ‘mismatch repair’ signaling pathways. From the PPI network, the top 10 hub genes in SCLC were selected, including topoisomerase IIα, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, replication factor C subunit 4, checkpoint kinase 1, thymidylate synthase, minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM) 2, cell division cycle (CDC) 20, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 3, MCM3 and CDC6, the mRNA levels of which are upregulated in Oncomine SCLC datasets with the exception of MCM2. Furthermore, the genes in the significant module were enriched in ‘cell cycle’, ‘DNA replication’ and ‘oocyte meiosis’ signaling pathways. Therefore, the present study can shed new light on the understanding of molecular mechanisms of SCLC and may provide molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for the treatment and early diagnosis of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushuai Wen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Tungamirai Chidanguro
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Huanyu Gu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Tongmei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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Hong DS, Moore K, Patel M, Grant SC, Burris HA, William WN, Jones S, Meric-Bernstam F, Infante J, Golden L, Zhang W, Martinez R, Wijayawardana S, Beckmann R, Lin AB, Eng C, Bendell J. Evaluation of Prexasertib, a Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibitor, in a Phase Ib Study of Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3263-3272. [PMID: 29643063 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Prexasertib, a checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor, demonstrated single-agent activity in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the dose-escalation portion of a phase I study (NCT01115790). Monotherapy prexasertib was further evaluated in patients with advanced SCC.Patients and Methods: Patients were given prexasertib 105 mg/m2 as a 1-hour infusion on day 1 of a 14-day cycle. Expansion cohorts were defined by tumor and treatment line. Safety, tolerability, efficacy, and exploratory biomarkers were analyzed.Results: Prexasertib was given to 101 patients, including 26 with SCC of the anus, 57 with SCC of the head and neck (SCCHN), and 16 with squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC). Patients were heavily pretreated (49% ≥3 prior regimens). The most common treatment-related adverse event was grade 4 neutropenia (71%); 12% of patients had febrile neutropenia. Median progression-free survival was 2.8 months [90% confidence interval (CI), 1.9-4.2] for SCC of the anus, 1.6 months (90% CI, 1.4-2.8) for SCCHN, and 3.0 months (90% CI, 1.4-3.9) for sqNSCLC. The clinical benefit rate at 3 months (complete response + partial response + stable disease) across tumors was 29% (23% SCC of the anus, 28% SCCHN, 44% sqNSCLC). Four patients with SCC of the anus had partial or complete response [overall response rate (ORR) = 15%], and three patients with SCCHN had partial response (ORR = 5%). Biomarker analyses focused on genes that altered DNA damage response or increased replication stress.Conclusions: Prexasertib demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and single-agent activity in patients with advanced SCC. The prexasertib maximum-tolerated dose of 105 mg/m2 was confirmed as the recommended phase II dose. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3263-72. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Kathleen Moore
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Manish Patel
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Stefan C Grant
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Howard A Burris
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Suzanne Jones
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Jeffrey Infante
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa Golden
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wei Zhang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | | - Cathy Eng
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Johanna Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
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Oo ZY, Stevenson AJ, Proctor M, Daignault SM, Walpole S, Lanagan C, Chen J, Škalamera D, Spoerri L, Ainger SA, Sturm RA, Haass NK, Gabrielli B. Endogenous Replication Stress Marks Melanomas Sensitive to CHEK1 Inhibitors In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29535131 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitors (CHEK1i) have single-agent activity in vitro and in vivo Here, we have investigated the molecular basis of this activity.Experimental Design: We have assessed a panel of melanoma cell lines for their sensitivity to the CHEK1i GNE-323 and GDC-0575 in vitro and in vivo The effects of these compounds on responses to DNA replication stress were analyzed in the hypersensitive cell lines.Results: A subset of melanoma cell lines is hypersensitive to CHEK1i-induced cell death in vitro, and the drug effectively inhibits tumor growth in vivo In the hypersensitive cell lines, GNE-323 triggers cell death without cells entering mitosis. CHEK1i treatment triggers strong RPA2 hyperphosphorylation and increased DNA damage in only hypersensitive cells. The increased replication stress was associated with a defective S-phase cell-cycle checkpoint. The number and intensity of pRPA2 Ser4/8 foci in untreated tumors appeared to be a marker of elevated replication stress correlated with sensitivity to CHEK1i.Conclusions: CHEK1i have single-agent activity in a subset of melanomas with elevated endogenous replication stress. CHEK1i treatment strongly increased this replication stress and DNA damage, and this correlated with increased cell death. The level of endogenous replication is marked by the pRPA2Ser4/8 foci in the untreated tumors, and may be a useful marker of replication stress in vivoClin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2901-12. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zay Yar Oo
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland. Australia
| | - Alexander J Stevenson
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martina Proctor
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sheena M Daignault
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland. Australia
| | - Sebastian Walpole
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland. Australia
| | - Catherine Lanagan
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Chen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland. Australia
| | - Dubravka Škalamera
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Loredana Spoerri
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland. Australia
| | - Stephen A Ainger
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland. Australia
| | - Richard A Sturm
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland. Australia
| | - Nikolas K Haass
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland. Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland. Australia
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Jiang F, Liu S, Chen A, Li BY, Robling AG, Chen J, Yokota H. Finite Element Analysis of the Mouse Distal Femur with Tumor Burden in Response to Knee Loading. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS (HONG KONG) 2018; 5:863-871. [PMID: 30505850 PMCID: PMC6261479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer-associated bone metastasis induces bone loss, followed by an increased risk of bone fracture. To develop a strategy for preventing tumor growth and protecting bone, an understanding of the mechanical properties of bone under tumor burden is indispensable. Using a mouse model of mammary tumor, we conducted finite element analysis (FEA) of two bone samples from the distal femur. One sample was from a placebo-treated mouse, and the other was from a mouse treated with the investigational drug candidate, PD407824, an inhibitor of checkpoint kinases. Mechanical testing and microCT images revealed that bone strength is improved by administration of PD407824. In response to loading to the knee, FEA predicted that the peaks of von Mises stress, an indicator of fracture yielding, as well as the third principal compressive stress, were higher in the placebo-treated femur than the drug-treated femur. Higher peak stresses in trabecular segments were observed in the lateral condyle, a critical region for integrity of the knee joint. Collectively, this FE study supports the notion that mechanical weakening of the femur was observed in the tumor-invaded trabecular bone, and chemical agents such as PD407824 may potentially assist in preventing bone loss and bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Andy Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Alexander G. Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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63
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Umezawa Y, Kurosu T, Akiyama H, Wu N, Nogami A, Nagao T, Miura O. Down regulation of Chk1 by p53 plays a role in synergistic induction of apoptosis by chemotherapeutics and inhibitors for Jak2 or BCR/ABL in hematopoietic cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44448-44461. [PMID: 27286446 PMCID: PMC5190110 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents activate apoptotic pathways in cancer cells. However, they also activate checkpoint mechanisms mainly involving Chk1 and p53 to arrest cell cycle progression, thus abbreviating their cytotoxic effects. We previously found that aberrant tyrosine kinases involved in leukemogenesis, such as BCR/ABL and Jak2-V617F, as well as Jak2 activated by hematopoietic cytokines enhance Chk1-mediated G2/M arrest through the PI3K/Akt/GSK3 pathway to confer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, which was prevented by inhibition of these kinases or the downstream PI3K/Akt pathway. However, the possible involvement of p53 in regulation of Chk1-mediated G2/M checkpoint has remained to be elucidated. We demonstrate here that a dominant negative mutant of p53, p53-DD, increases Chk1-mediated G2/M checkpoint activation induced by chemotherapeutics and protects it from down regulation by inhibition of Jak2, BCR/ABL, or the PI3K/Akt pathway in hematopoietic model cell lines 32D and BaF3 or their transformants by BCR/ABL. Consistent with this, the p53 activator nutlin-3 synergistically induced apoptosis with chemotherapeutics by inhibiting Chk1-mediated G2/M arrest in these cells, including cells transformed by the T315I mutant of BCR/ABL resistant to various kinase inhibitors in clinical use. Further studies suggest that p53 may inhibit the Chk1 pathway by its transcription-dependent function and through mechanisms involving the proteasomal system, but not the PI3K/Akt/GSK3 pathway. The present study may shed a new light on molecular mechanisms for the therapy resistance of p53-mutated hematological malignancies and would provide valuable information for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against these diseases with dismal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Umezawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kurosu
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akiyama
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Nogami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikage Nagao
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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64
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Wayne J, Brooks T, Massey AJ. Inhibition of Chk1 with the small molecule inhibitor V158411 induces DNA damage and cell death in an unperturbed S-phase. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85033-85048. [PMID: 27829224 PMCID: PMC5356717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chk1 kinase is a critical component of the DNA damage response checkpoint and Chk1 inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation. Chk1 suppresses oncogene-induced replication stress with Chk1 inhibitors demonstrating activity as a monotherapy in numerous cancer types. Understanding the mechanism by which Chk1 inhibitors induce DNA damage and cancer cell death is essential for their future clinical development. Here we characterize the mechanism by which the novel Chk1 inhibitor (V158411) increased DNA damage and cell death in models of human cancer. V158411 induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in γH2AX-positive nuclei that was restricted to cells actively undergoing DNA synthesis. γH2AX induction was an early event and correlated with activation of the ATR/ATM/DNA-PKcs DNA damage response pathways. The appearance of γH2AX positive nuclei preceded ssDNA appearance and RPA exhaustion. Complete and sustained inhibition of Chk1 kinase was necessary to activate a robust γH2AX induction and growth inhibition. Chk1 inhibitor cytotoxicity correlated with induction of DNA damage with cells undergoing apoptosis, mitotic slippage and DNA damage-induced permanent cell cycle arrest. We identified two distinct classes of Chk1 inhibitors: those that induced a strong increase in γH2AX, pChk1 (S317) and pRPA32 (S4/S8) (including V158411, LY2603618 and ARRY-1A) and those that did not (including MK-8776 and GNE-900). Tumor cell death, induced through increased DNA damage, coupled with abrogation of cell cycle checkpoints makes selective inhibitors of Chk1 a potentially useful therapeutic treatment for multiple human cancers.
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65
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MK-8776, a novel chk1 kinase inhibitor, radiosensitizes p53-defective human tumor cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71660-71672. [PMID: 27690219 PMCID: PMC5342109 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat a variety of solid tumors but improvements in the therapeutic ratio are sorely needed. The aim of this study was to assess the Chk1 kinase inhibitor, MK-8776, for its ability to radiosensitize human tumor cells. Cells derived from NSCLC and HNSCC cancers were tested for radiosensitization by MK-8776. The ability of MK-8776 to abrogate the radiation-induced G2 block was determined using flow cytometry. Effects on repair of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) were determined on the basis of rad51, γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci. Clonogenic survival analyses indicated that MK-8776 radiosensitized p53-defective tumor cells but not lines with wild-type p53. Abrogation of the G2 block was evident in both p53-defective cells and p53 wild-type lines indicating no correlation with radiosensitization. However, only p53-defective cells entered mitosis harboring unrepaired DSBs. MK-8776 appeared to inhibit repair of radiation-induced DSBs at early times after irradiation. A comparison of MK-8776 to the wee1 inhibitor, MK-1775, suggested both similarities and differences in their activities. In conclusion, MK-8776 radiosensitizes tumor cells by mechanisms that include abrogation of the G2 block and inhibition of DSB repair. Our findings support the clinical evaluation of MK-8776 in combination with radiation.
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66
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Liu S, Liu Y, Minami K, Chen A, Wan Q, Yin Y, Gan L, Xu A, Matsuura N, Koizumi M, Liu Y, Na S, Li J, Nakshatri H, Li BY, Yokota H. Inhibiting checkpoint kinase 1 protects bone from bone resorption by mammary tumor in a mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:9364-9378. [PMID: 29507695 PMCID: PMC5823640 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response plays a critical role in tumor growth, but little is known about its potential role in bone metabolism. We employed selective inhibitors of Chk1 and examined their effects on the proliferation and migration of mammary tumor cells as well as the development of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Further, using a mouse model of bone metastasis we evaluated the effects of Chk1 inhibitors on bone quality. Chk1 inhibitors blocked the proliferation, survival, and migration of tumor cells in vitro and suppressed the development of bone-resorbing osteoclasts by downregulating NFATc1. In the mouse model, Chk1 inhibitor reduced osteolytic lesions and prevented mechanical weakening of the femur and tibia. Analysis of RNA-seq expression data indicated that the observed effects were mediated through the regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha, stress to the endoplasmic reticulum, S100 proteins, and bone remodeling-linked genes. Our findings suggest that targeting Chk1 signaling without adding DNA damaging agents may protect bone from degradation while suppressing tumor growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University at Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University at Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kazumasa Minami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University at Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andy Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University at Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qiaoqiao Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University at Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yukun Yin
- Department of Biology, Indiana University at Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Liangying Gan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University at Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Aihua Xu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University at Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nariaki Matsuura
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koizumi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sungsoo Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University at Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University at Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Simon Cancer Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University at Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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67
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Bai X, Wang J, Huo L, Xie Y, Xie W, Xu G, Wang M. Serine/Threonine Kinase CHEK1-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of RAD54L Promotes Proliferation and Radio Resistance in Glioblastoma. Transl Oncol 2017; 11:140-146. [PMID: 29287241 PMCID: PMC6002345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1) plays an essential role in tumor cells and that it could induce cell proliferation and could be related to prognosis in multiple types of cancer. However, the biological role and molecular mechanism of CHEK1 in GBM still remain unclear. In this study, we identified that CHEK1 expression was enriched in glioblastoma (GBM) tumors and was functionally required for tumor proliferation and that its expression was associated to poor prognosis in GBM patients. Mechanically, CHEK1 induced radio resistance in GBM cells, and CHEK1 knockdown increased cell apoptosis when combined with radiotherapy via regulation of the DNA repair/recombination protein 54L (RAD54L) expression. Therapeutically, we found that CHEK1 inhibitor attenuated tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, CHEK1 promotes proliferation, induces radio resistance in GBM, and could become a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaaxin, China, 710061
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaaxin, China, 710061
| | - Longwei Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi, China, 719000
| | - Yuchen Xie
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaaxin, China, 710061
| | - Wanfu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaaxin, China, 710061
| | - Gaofeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaaxin, China, 710061
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaaxin, China, 710061.
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68
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Yu HS, Deng Y, Wu Y, Sindhikara D, Rask AR, Kimura T, Abel R, Wang L. Accurate and Reliable Prediction of the Binding Affinities of Macrocycles to Their Protein Targets. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:6290-6300. [PMID: 29120625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrocycles have been emerging as a very important drug class in the past few decades largely due to their expanded chemical diversity benefiting from advances in synthetic methods. Macrocyclization has been recognized as an effective way to restrict the conformational space of acyclic small molecule inhibitors with the hope of improving potency, selectivity, and metabolic stability. Because of their relatively larger size as compared to typical small molecule drugs and the complexity of the structures, efficient sampling of the accessible macrocycle conformational space and accurate prediction of their binding affinities to their target protein receptors poses a great challenge of central importance in computational macrocycle drug design. In this article, we present a novel method for relative binding free energy calculations between macrocycles with different ring sizes and between the macrocycles and their corresponding acyclic counterparts. We have applied the method to seven pharmaceutically interesting data sets taken from recent drug discovery projects including 33 macrocyclic ligands covering a diverse chemical space. The predicted binding free energies are in good agreement with experimental data with an overall root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.94 kcal/mol. This is to our knowledge the first time where the free energy of the macrocyclization of linear molecules has been directly calculated with rigorous physics-based free energy calculation methods, and we anticipate the outstanding accuracy demonstrated here across a broad range of target classes may have significant implications for macrocycle drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu S Yu
- Schrodinger, Inc. , 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Schrodinger, Inc. , 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Yujie Wu
- Schrodinger, Inc. , 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Dan Sindhikara
- Schrodinger, Inc. , 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Amy R Rask
- Schrodinger, Inc. , 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Takayuki Kimura
- Schrodinger, Inc. , 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Robert Abel
- Schrodinger, Inc. , 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Lingle Wang
- Schrodinger, Inc. , 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
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69
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Lei H, Jin J, Liu M, Li X, Luo H, Yang L, Xu H, Wu Y. Chk1 inhibitors overcome imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Leuk Res 2017; 64:17-23. [PMID: 29149649 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is currently a clinical problem of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Bcr-Abl protein depletion is considered as a way to overcome drug resistance to TKIs. In our study, Chk1 inhibitors, AZD7762 and MK-8776, had strong antitumor effects on CML cell line KBM5 and imatinib-resistant form KBM5T315I. Moreover, Chk1 inhibitors showed a strong cytotoxic effect on leukemia cells from primary CML and imatinib-resistance CML patients, but low cytotoxic effect on normal human mononuclear cells. Then, we found that Chk1 inhibitors induced apoptosis and increased DNA damage in CML cell lines with the degradation of the Bcr-Abl protein. Using the proteasome inhibitor and an immunoprecipitation assay, we found that Chk1 inhibitors triggered the degradation of Bcr-Abl through ubiquitination, which is depending on E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP. At last, MK-8776 showed a significant tumor-suppressive effect of KBM5T315I cell in xenograft tumor models. Taking together, these findings suggest that targeting Chk1 may overcome TKIs resistance for the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Lei
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jin Jin
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Yang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hanzhang Xu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yingli Wu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Brill E, Yokoyama T, Nair J, Yu M, Ahn YR, Lee JM. Prexasertib, a cell cycle checkpoint kinases 1 and 2 inhibitor, increases in vitro toxicity of PARP inhibition by preventing Rad51 foci formation in BRCA wild type high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111026-111040. [PMID: 29340034 PMCID: PMC5762302 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been effective in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), although clinical activity is limited against BRCA wild type HGSOC. The nearly universal loss of normal p53 regulation in HGSOCs causes dysfunction in the G1/S checkpoint, making tumor cells reliant on Chk1-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest for DNA repair. Therefore, Chk1 is a reasonable target for a combination strategy with PARPi in treating BRCA wild type HGSOC. Here we investigated the combination of prexasertib mesylate monohydrate (LY2606368), a Chk1 and Chk2 inhibitor, and a PARP inhibitor, olaparib, in HGSOC cell lines (OVCAR3, OV90, PEO1 and PEO4) using clinically attainable concentrations. Our findings showed combination treatment synergistically decreased cell viability in all cell lines and induced greater DNA damage and apoptosis than the control and/or monotherapies (p<0.05). Treatment with olaparib in BRCA wild type HGSOC cells caused formation of Rad51 foci, whereas the combination treatment with prexasertib inhibited transnuclear localization of Rad51, a key protein in homologous recombination repair. Overall, our data provide evidence that prexasertib and olaparib combination resulted in synergistic cytotoxic effects against BRCA wild type HGSOC cells through reduced Rad51 foci formation and greater induction of apoptosis. This may be a novel therapeutic strategy for HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Brill
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Takuhei Yokoyama
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jayakumar Nair
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Minshu Yu
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yeong-Ran Ahn
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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71
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Paculová H, Kramara J, Šimečková Š, Fedr R, Souček K, Hylse O, Paruch K, Svoboda M, Mistrík M, Kohoutek J. BRCA1 or CDK12 loss sensitizes cells to CHK1 inhibitors. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317727479. [PMID: 29025359 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317727479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad spectrum of tumors develop resistance to classic chemotherapy, necessitating the discovery of new therapies. One successful strategy exploits the synthetic lethality between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1/2 proteins and DNA damage response genes, including BRCA1, a factor involved in homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair, and CDK12, a transcriptional kinase known to regulate the expression of DDR genes. CHK1 inhibitors have been shown to enhance the anti-cancer effect of DNA-damaging compounds. Since loss of BRCA1 increases replication stress and leads to DNA damage, we tested a hypothesis that CDK12- or BRCA1-depleted cells rely extensively on S-phase-related CHK1 functions for survival. The silencing of BRCA1 or CDK12 sensitized tumor cells to CHK1 inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. BRCA1 downregulation combined with CHK1 inhibition induced excessive amounts of DNA damage, resulting in an inability to complete the S-phase. Therefore, we suggest CHK1 inhibition as a strategy for targeting BRCA1- or CDK12-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Paculová
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Kramara
- 2 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Šimečková
- 3 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,Czech Republic.,4 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- 3 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,Czech Republic.,5 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- 3 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,Czech Republic.,4 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,5 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Hylse
- 5 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,6 Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- 5 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,6 Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Svoboda
- 7 Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mistrík
- 2 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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72
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Teng SW, Lo YS, Liu WT, Hsuan Y, Lin W. A genome-wide comparison of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human placenta and umbilical cord. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 56:664-671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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73
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Carrassa L, Damia G. DNA damage response inhibitors: Mechanisms and potential applications in cancer therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:139-151. [PMID: 28961555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade the unravelling of the molecular mechanisms of the DNA damage response pathways and of the genomic landscape of human tumors have paved the road to new therapeutic approaches in oncology. It is now clear that tumors harbour defects in different DNA damage response steps, mainly signalling and repair, rendering them more dependent on the remaining pathways. We here focus on the proteins ATM, ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, reviewing their roles in the DNA damage response and as targets in cancer therapy. In the last decade specific inhibitors of these proteins have been designed, and their potential antineoplastic activity has been explored both in monotherapy strategies against tumors with specific defects (synthetic lethality approach) and in combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic or molecular targeted agents. The preclinical and clinical evidence of antitumor activity of these inhibitors emanating from these research efforts will be critically reviewed. Lastly, the potential therapeutic feasibility of combining together such inhibitors with the aim to target particular subsets of tumors will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy.
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74
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Herůdková J, Paruch K, Khirsariya P, Souček K, Krkoška M, Vondálová Blanářová O, Sova P, Kozubík A, Hyršlová Vaculová A. Chk1 Inhibitor SCH900776 Effectively Potentiates the Cytotoxic Effects of Platinum-Based Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2017; 19:830-841. [PMID: 28888100 PMCID: PMC5591453 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Chk1 kinase inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation as effective cancer cell sensitizers to the cytotoxic effects of numerous chemotherapeutics, there is still a considerable uncertainty regarding their role in modulation of anticancer potential of platinum-based drugs. Here we newly demonstrate the ability of one of the most specific Chk1 inhibitors, SCH900776 (MK-8776), to enhance human colon cancer cell sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of platinum(II) cisplatin and platinum(IV)- LA-12 complexes. The combined treatment with SCH900776 and cisplatin or LA-12 results in apparent increase in G1/S phase-related apoptosis, stimulation of mitotic slippage, and senescence of HCT116 cells. We further show that the cancer cell response to the drug combinations is significantly affected by the p21, p53, and PTEN status. In contrast to their wt counterparts, the p53- or p21-deficient cells treated with SCH900776 and cisplatin or LA-12 enter mitosis and become polyploid, and the senescence phenotype is strongly suppressed. While the cell death induced by SCH900776 and cisplatin or LA-12 is significantly delayed in the absence of p53, the anticancer action of the drug combinations is significantly accelerated in p21-deficient cells, which is associated with stimulation of apoptosis beyond G2/M cell cycle phase. We also show that cooperative killing action of the drug combinations in HCT116 cells is facilitated in the absence of PTEN. Our results indicate that SCH900776 may act as an important modulator of cytotoxic response triggered by platinum-based drugs in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Herůdková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Prashant Khirsariya
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krkoška
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vondálová Blanářová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sova
- Platinum Pharmaceuticals, a.s., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
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Bindra RS, Chalmers AJ, Evans S, Dewhirst M. GBM radiosensitizers: dead in the water…or just the beginning? J Neurooncol 2017; 134:513-521. [PMID: 28762004 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The finding that most GBMs recur either near or within the primary site after radiotherapy has fueled great interest in the development of radiosensitizers to enhance local control. Unfortunately, decades of clinical trials testing a wide range of novel therapeutic approaches have failed to yield any clinically viable radiosensitizers. However, many of the previous radiosensitizing strategies were not based on clear pre-clinical evidence, and in many cases blood-barrier penetration was not considered. Furthermore, DNA repair inhibitors have only recenly arrived in the clinic, and likely represent potent agents for glioma radiosensitization. Here, we present recent progress in the use of small molecule DNA damage response inhibitors as GBM radiosensitizers. In addition, we discuss the latest progress in targeting hypoxia and oxidative stress for GBM radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences & Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sydney Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Mark Dewhirst
- Radiation Oncology Department, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Up-regulation of ANKDR49, a poor prognostic factor, regulates cell proliferation of gliomas. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170800. [PMID: 28694302 PMCID: PMC6435464 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ankyrin repeat domain 49 (ANKRD49) is an evolutionarily conserved protein, which is related to mediate protein–protein interaction. However, the function of ANKRD49 in human glioma remains elusive. Mining through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found that the expression of ANKRD49 was increased in glioma tissues and that high expression of ANKRD49 was strongly associated with high disease grade and poor overall survival. To investigate the role of ANKRD49 in malignant glioma, lentivirus expressing shRNA targetting ANKRD49 was constructed in U251 and U87 malignant glioma cells. We demonstrated that ANKRD49 knockdown reduced the proliferation rate of U251 and U87 cells. Further mechanism analysis indicated that depletion of ANKRD49 led to the cell-cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in U251 and U87 cells. ANKRD49 knockdown also changed the expression of key effectors that are involved in stress response, cell cycle, and apoptosis, including p-HSP27 (heat shock protein 27), p-Smad2 (SMAD family member 2), p-p53, p-p38, p-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), p-SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun n-terminal kinase), cleveagated Caspase-7, p-Chk1 (checkpoint kinase 1), and p-eIF2a (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a). Taken together, our findings implicate that ANKRD49 promotes the proliferation of human malignant glioma cells. ANKRD49 maybe an attractive target for malignant glioma therapy.
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77
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Teicher BA, Silvers T, Selby M, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Parchment R, Krushkal J, Sonkin D, Rubinstein L, Morris J, Evans D. Small cell lung carcinoma cell line screen of etoposide/carboplatin plus a third agent. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1952-1964. [PMID: 28766886 PMCID: PMC5548882 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The SCLC combination screen examined a 9-point concentration response of 180 third agents, alone and in combination with etoposide/carboplatin. The predominant effect of adding a third agent to etoposide/carboplatin was additivity. Less than additive effects occurred frequently in SCLC lines sensitive to etoposide/carboplatin. In SCLC lines with little or no response to etoposide/carboplatin, greater than additive SCLC killing occurred over the entire spectrum of SCLC lines but never occurred in all SCLC lines. Exposing SCLC lines to tubulin-targeted agents (paclitaxel or vinorelbine) simultaneously with etoposide/carboplatin resulted primarily in less than additive cell killing. As single agents, nuclear kinase inhibitors including Aurora kinase inhibitors, Kinesin Spindle Protein/EG5 inhibitors, and Polo-like kinase-1 inhibitors were potent cytotoxic agents in SCLC lines; however, simultaneous exposure of the SCLC lines to these agents along with etoposide/carboplatin, generally, resulted in less than additive cell killing. Several classes of agents enhanced the cytotoxicity of etoposide/carboplatin toward the SCLC lines. Exposure of the SCLC lines to the MDM2 inhibitor JNJ-27291199 produced enhanced killing in 80% of the SCLC lines. Chk-1 inhibitors such as rabusertib increased the cytotoxicity of etoposide/carboplatin to the SCLC lines in an additive to greater than additive manner. The combination of GSK-3β inhibitor LY-2090314 with etoposide/carboplatin increased killing in approximately 40% of the SCLC lines. Exposure to the BET bromodomain inhibitor MK-8628 increased the SCLC cell killing by etoposide/carboplatin in 20-25% of the SCLC lines. Only 10-15% of the SCLC lines had an increased response to etoposide/carboplatin when simultaneously exposed to the PARP inhibitor talazoparib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A. Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics ProgramDivision of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland20892
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Michael Selby
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Rene Delosh
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Julie Laudeman
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Chad Ogle
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Russell Reinhart
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Ralph Parchment
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
| | - Julia Krushkal
- Biometric Research ProgramDivision of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisBethesdaMaryland20892
| | - Dmitriy Sonkin
- Biometric Research ProgramDivision of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisBethesdaMaryland20892
| | - Larry Rubinstein
- Biometric Research ProgramDivision of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisBethesdaMaryland20892
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics ProgramDivision of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland20892
| | - David Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMaryland21702
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Abstract
Cellular chromosomal DNA is the principal target through which ionising radiation exerts it diverse biological effects. This chapter summarises the relevant DNA damage signalling and repair pathways used by normal and tumour cells in response to irradiation. Strategies for tumour radiosensitisation are reviewed which exploit tumour-specific DNA repair deficiencies or signalling pathway addictions, with a special focus on growth factor signalling, PARP, cancer stem cells, cell cycle checkpoints and DNA replication. This chapter concludes with a discussion of DNA repair-related candidate biomarkers of tumour response which are of crucial importance for implementing precision medicine in radiation oncology.
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Abstract
Approximately half of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancers incur alterations in genes of homologous recombination (BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C, Fanconi anemia genes), and the rest incur alterations in other DNA repair pathways at high frequencies. Such cancer-specific gene alterations can confer selective sensitivity to DNA damaging agents such as cisplatin and carboplatin, topotecan, etoposide, doxorubicin, and gemcitabine. Originally presumed to inhibit DNA repair, PARP inhibitors that have recently been approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer also act as DNA damaging agents by inducing PARP-DNA complexes. These DNA damaging agents induce different types of DNA lesions that require various DNA repair genes for the repair, but commonly induce replication fork slowing or stalling, also referred to as replication stress. Replication stress activates DNA repair checkpoint proteins (ATR, CHK1), which prevent further DNA damage. Hence, targeting DNA repair genes or DNA repair checkpoint genes augments the anti-tumor activity of DNA damaging agents. This review describes the rational basis for using DNA repair and DNA repair checkpoint inhibitors as single agents. The review also presents the strategies combining these inhibitors with DNA damaging agents for ovarian cancer therapy based on specific gene alterations.
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80
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Konyar D, Erdas O, Alpaslan FN, Buyukbingol E. An application of CIFAP for predicting the binding affinity of Chk1 inhibitors derived from 2-aminothiazole-4-carboxamide. J Mol Recognit 2017. [PMID: 28620979 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of protein-ligand interactions obtained from experiments has a crucial part in the design of newly discovered and effective drugs. Analyzing the data extracted from known interactions could help scientists to predict the binding affinities of promising ligands before conducting experiments. The objective of this study is to advance the CIFAP (compressed images for affinity prediction) method, which is relevant to a protein-ligand model, identifying 2D electrostatic potential images by separating the binding site of protein-ligand complexes and using the images for predicting the computational affinity information represented by pIC50 values. The CIFAP method has 2 phases, namely, data modeling and prediction. In data modeling phase, the separated 3D structure of the binding pocket with the ligand inside is fitted into an electrostatic potential grid box, which is then compressed through 3 orthogonal directions into three 2D images for each protein-ligand complex. Sequential floating forward selection technique is performed for acquiring prediction patterns from the images. In the prediction phase, support vector regression (SVR) and partial least squares regression are used for testing the quality of the CIFAP method for predicting the binding affinity of 45 CHK1 inhibitors derived from 2-aminothiazole-4-carboxamide. The results show that the CIFAP method using both support vector regression and partial least squares regression is very effective for predicting the binding affinities of CHK1-ligand complexes with low-error values and high correlation. As a future work, the results could be improved by working on the pose of the ligands inside the grid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Konyar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Erdas
- Department of Computer Engineering, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ferda Nur Alpaslan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdem Buyukbingol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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81
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Lu Y, Knapp M, Crawford K, Warne R, Elling R, Yan K, Doyle M, Pardee G, Zhang L, Ma S, Mamo M, Ornelas E, Pan Y, Bussiere D, Jansen J, Zaror I, Lai A, Barsanti P, Sim J. Rationally Designed PI3Kα Mutants to Mimic ATR and Their Use to Understand Binding Specificity of ATR Inhibitors. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:1684-1704. [PMID: 28433539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ATR, a protein kinase in the PIKK family, plays a critical role in the cell DNA-damage response and is an attractive anticancer drug target. Several potent and selective inhibitors of ATR have been reported showing significant antitumor efficacy, with most advanced ones entering clinical trials. However, due to the absence of an experimental ATR structure, the determinants contributing to ATR inhibitors' potency and specificity are not well understood. Here we present the mutations in the ATP-binding site of PI3Kα to progressively transform the pocket to mimic that of ATR. The generated PI3Kα mutants exhibit significantly improved affinity for selective ATR inhibitors in multiple chemical classes. Furthermore, we obtained the X-ray structures of the PI3Kα mutants in complex with the ATR inhibitors. The crystal structures together with the analysis on the inhibitor affinity profile elucidate the roles of individual amino acid residues in the binding of ATR inhibitors, offering key insights for the binding mechanism and revealing the structure features important for the specificity of ATR inhibitors. The ability to obtain structural and binding data for these PI3Kα mutants, together with their ATR-like inhibitor binding profiles, makes these chimeric PI3Kα proteins valuable model systems for structure-based inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipin Lu
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Mark Knapp
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Kenneth Crawford
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Robert Warne
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Robert Elling
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Kelly Yan
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Michael Doyle
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Gwynn Pardee
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Sylvia Ma
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Mulugeta Mamo
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ornelas
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Yue Pan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Dirksen Bussiere
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Johanna Jansen
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Isabel Zaror
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Albert Lai
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Paul Barsanti
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Janet Sim
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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Zhou ZR, Yang ZZ, Wang SJ, Zhang L, Luo JR, Feng Y, Yu XL, Chen XX, Guo XM. The Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776 increases the radiosensitivity of human triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting autophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:513-523. [PMID: 28042876 PMCID: PMC5386307 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MK-8776 is a recently described inhibitor that is highly selective for checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), which can weaken the DNA repair capacity in cancer cells to achieve chemo-sensitization. A number of studies show that MK-8776 enhances the cytotoxicity of hydroxyurea and gemcitabine without increasing normal tissue toxicities. Thus far, there is no evidence that MK-8776 can be used as a radiotherapy sensitization agent. In this study, we investigated the effects of MK-8776 on the radiosensitivity of 3 human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines MDA-MB-231, BT-549 and CAL-51. MK-8776 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231, BT-549 and CAL-51 cells with IC50 values of 9.4, 17.6 and 2.1 μmol/L, respectively. Compared with irradiation-alone treatment, pretreatment with a low dose of MK-8776 (100–400 nmol/L) significantly increased irradiation-induced γH2A.X foci in the 3 TNBC cell lines, suggesting enhanced DNA damage by MK-8776, inhibited the cell proliferation and increased the radiosensitivity of the 3 TNBC cell lines. Similar results were obtained in MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors in nude mice that received MK-8776 (15 or 40 mg/kg, ip) 26 d after irradiation. To explore the mechanisms underlying the radio-sensitization by MK-8776, we used TEM and found that irradiation significantly increased the numbers of autophagosomes in the 3 TNBC cell lines. Moreover, irradiation markedly elevated the levels of Atg5, and promoted the transformation of LC3-I to LC3-II in the cells. Pretreatment with the low dose of MK-8776 suppressed these effects. The above results suggest that MK-8776 increases human TNBC radiosensitivity by inhibiting irradiation-induced autophagy and that MK-8776 may be a potential agent in the radiosensitization of human TNBC.
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83
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Lin AB, McNeely SC, Beckmann RP. Achieving Precision Death with Cell-Cycle Inhibitors that Target DNA Replication and Repair. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3232-3240. [PMID: 28331049 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
All cancers are characterized by defects in the systems that ensure strict control of the cell cycle in normal tissues. The consequent excess tissue growth can be countered by drugs that halt cell division, and, indeed, the majority of chemotherapeutics developed during the last century work by disrupting processes essential for the cell cycle, particularly DNA synthesis, DNA replication, and chromatid segregation. In certain contexts, the efficacy of these classes of drugs can be impressive, but because they indiscriminately block the cell cycle of all actively dividing cells, their side effects severely constrain the dose and duration with which they can be administered, allowing both normal and malignant cells to escape complete growth arrest. Recent progress in understanding how cancers lose control of the cell cycle, coupled with comprehensive genomic profiling of human tumor biopsies, has shown that many cancers have mutations affecting various regulators and checkpoints that impinge on the core cell-cycle machinery. These defects introduce unique vulnerabilities that can be exploited by a next generation of drugs that promise improved therapeutic windows in patients whose tumors bear particular genomic aberrations, permitting increased dose intensity and efficacy. These developments, coupled with the success of new drugs targeting cell-cycle regulators, have led to a resurgence of interest in cell-cycle inhibitors. This review in particular focuses on the newer strategies that may facilitate better therapeutic targeting of drugs that inhibit the various components that safeguard the fidelity of the fundamental processes of DNA replication and repair. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3232-40. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Bence Lin
- Early Phase Medical-Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Samuel C McNeely
- Oncology Business Unit-Patient Tailoring, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Richard P Beckmann
- Oncology Translational Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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84
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Lowery CD, VanWye AB, Dowless M, Blosser W, Falcon BL, Stewart J, Stephens J, Beckmann RP, Bence Lin A, Stancato LF. The Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibitor Prexasertib Induces Regression of Preclinical Models of Human Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4354-4363. [PMID: 28270495 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a key regulator of the DNA damage response and a mediator of replication stress through modulation of replication fork licensing and activation of S and G2-M cell-cycle checkpoints. We evaluated prexasertib (LY2606368), a small-molecule CHK1 inhibitor currently in clinical testing, in multiple preclinical models of pediatric cancer. Following an initial assessment of prexasertib activity, this study focused on the preclinical models of neuroblastoma.Experimental Design: We evaluated the antiproliferative activity of prexasertib in a panel of cancer cell lines; neuroblastoma cell lines were among the most sensitive. Subsequent Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses measured DNA damage and DNA repair protein activation. Prexasertib was investigated in several cell line-derived xenograft mouse models of neuroblastoma.Results: Within 24 hours, single-agent prexasertib promoted γH2AX-positive double-strand DNA breaks and phosphorylation of DNA damage sensors ATM and DNA-PKcs, leading to neuroblastoma cell death. Knockdown of CHK1 and/or CHK2 by siRNA verified that the double-strand DNA breaks and cell death elicited by prexasertib were due to specific CHK1 inhibition. Neuroblastoma xenografts rapidly regressed following prexasertib administration, independent of starting tumor volume. Decreased Ki67 and increased immunostaining of endothelial and pericyte markers were observed in xenografts after only 6 days of exposure to prexasertib, potentially indicating a swift reduction in tumor volume and/or a direct effect on tumor vasculature.Conclusions: Overall, these data demonstrate that prexasertib is a specific inhibitor of CHK1 in neuroblastoma and leads to DNA damage and cell death in preclinical models of this devastating pediatric malignancy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4354-63. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D Lowery
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alle B VanWye
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michele Dowless
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wayne Blosser
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Beverly L Falcon
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Julie Stewart
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jennifer Stephens
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Aimee Bence Lin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Louis F Stancato
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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85
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Laquente B, Lopez-Martin J, Richards D, Illerhaus G, Chang DZ, Kim G, Stella P, Richel D, Szcylik C, Cascinu S, Frassineti GL, Ciuleanu T, Hurt K, Hynes S, Lin J, Lin AB, Von Hoff D, Calvo E. A phase II study to evaluate LY2603618 in combination with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:137. [PMID: 28202004 PMCID: PMC5312529 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine whether checkpoint kinase 1 inihibitor (CHK1), LY2603618, and gemcitabine prolong overall survival (OS) compared to gemcitabine alone in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Methods Patients with Stage II-IV locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer were randomized (2:1) to either 230 mg of LY2603618/1000 mg/m2 gemcitabine combined or 1000 mg/m2 gemcitabine alone. OS was assessed using both a Bayesian augment control model and traditional frequentist analysis for inference. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), duration of response, pharmacokinetics (PK), and safety (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [AEs] v 3.0) were also evaluated. Results Ninety-nine patients (n = 65, LY2603618/gemcitabine; n = 34, gemcitabine) were randomized (intent-to-treat population). The median OS (months) was 7.8 (range, 0.3–18.9) with LY2603618/gemcitabine and 8.3 (range, 0.8-19.1+) with gemcitabine. Similarly, in a Bayesian analysis, the study was not positive since the posterior probability that LY2603618/gemcitabine was superior to gemcitabine in improving OS was 0.3, which did not exceed the prespecified threshold of 0.8. No significant improvements in PFS, ORR, or duration of response were observed. Drug-related treatment-emergent AEs in both arms included nausea, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, and neutropenia. The severity of AEs with LY2603618/gemcitabine was comparable to gemcitabine. The LY2603618 exposure targets (AUC(0-∞) ≥21,000 ng∙hr/mL and Cmax ≥2000 ng/mL) predicted for maximum pharmacodynamic response were achieved after 230 mg of LY2603618. Conclusions LY2603618/gemcitabine was not superior to gemcitabine for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer. Trial Registration NCT00839332. Clinicaltrials.gov. Date of registration: 6 February 2009
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Laquente
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Gerald Illerhaus
- Hematology, Onkology, and Palliative Care, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Z Chang
- Virginia Oncology Associates, Eastern Virginia Medical School, US Oncology Research, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - George Kim
- 21st Century Oncology, University of Florida Health Oncology, Jacksonville, USA
| | | | - Dirk Richel
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cezary Szcylik
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Universitá di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - G L Frassineti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Tudor Ciuleanu
- Institute of Oncology Ion Chiricuta, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Karla Hurt
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Scott Hynes
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ji Lin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Daniel Von Hoff
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) and HonorHealth Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Emiliano Calvo
- START Madrid-CIOCC, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Madrid Norte Sanchinarro, Calle Oña, 10, 28050, Madrid, Spain.
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86
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Zeng L, Beggs RR, Cooper TS, Weaver AN, Yang ES. Combining Chk1/2 Inhibition with Cetuximab and Radiation Enhances In Vitro and In Vivo Cytotoxicity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:591-600. [PMID: 28138028 PMCID: PMC5560482 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
EGFR inhibition and radiotherapy are potent inducers of DNA damage. Checkpoint kinases 1 and 2 (Chk1/2) are critical regulators of the DNA-damage response, controlling cell-cycle checkpoints that may permit recovery from therapy-associated genomic stress. We hypothesized that Chk1/2 inhibition (CHKi) with prexasertib may enhance cytotoxicity from EGFR inhibition plus radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, we found that the addition of CHKi to the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab with and without radiotherapy significantly decreased cell proliferation and survival fraction in human papillomavirus virus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines. Reduced proliferation was accompanied by decreased checkpoint activation, induced S-phase accumulation, persistent DNA damage, and increased caspase cleavage and apoptosis. Importantly, a significant tumor growth delay was observed in vivo in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative cell line xenografts receiving triple combination therapy with CHKi, cetuximab, and radiotherapy without a concomitant increase in toxicity as assessed by mouse body weight. Taken together, the combination of CHKi with cetuximab plus irradiation displayed significant antitumor effects in HNSCCs both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this combination therapy may increase clinical benefit. A clinical trial to test this treatment for patients with head and neck cancer is currently ongoing (NCT02555644).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Reena R Beggs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tiffiny S Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Alice N Weaver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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87
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Massey AJ. Modification of tumour cell metabolism modulates sensitivity to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40778. [PMID: 28106079 PMCID: PMC5247758 DOI: 10.1038/srep40778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chk1 kinase inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation as potentiators of cytotoxic chemotherapy and demonstrate potent activity in combination with anti-metabolite drugs that increase replication stress through the inhibition of nucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis. Inhibiting other metabolic pathways critical for the supply of building blocks necessary to support DNA replication may lead to increased DNA damage and synergy with an inhibitor of Chk1. A screen of small molecule metabolism modulators identified combinatorial activity between a Chk1 inhibitor and chloroquine or the LDHA/LDHB inhibitor GSK 2837808A. Compounds, such as 2-deoxyglucose or 6-aminonicotinamide, that reduced the fraction of cells undergoing active replication rendered tumour cells more resistant to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage. Withdrawal of glucose or glutamine induced G1 and G2/M arrest without increasing DNA damage and reduced Chk1 expression and activation through autophosphorylation. This suggests the expression and activation of Chk1 kinase is associated with cells undergoing active DNA replication. Glutamine starvation rendered tumour cells more resistant to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage and reversal of the glutamine starvation restored the sensitivity of tumour cells to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage. Chk1 inhibitors may be a potentially useful therapeutic treatment for patients whose tumours contain a high fraction of replicating cells.
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88
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Wang Q, Ross KE, Huang H, Ren J, Li G, Vijay-Shanker K, Wu CH, Arighi CN. Analysis of Protein Phosphorylation and Its Functional Impact on Protein-Protein Interactions via Text Mining of the Scientific Literature. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1558:213-232. [PMID: 28150240 PMCID: PMC5446092 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6783-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are one of the main contributors to the diversity of proteoforms in the proteomic landscape. In particular, protein phosphorylation represents an essential regulatory mechanism that plays a role in many biological processes. Protein kinases, the enzymes catalyzing this reaction, are key participants in metabolic and signaling pathways. Their activation or inactivation dictate downstream events: what substrates are modified and their subsequent impact (e.g., activation state, localization, protein-protein interactions (PPIs)). The biomedical literature continues to be the main source of evidence for experimental information about protein phosphorylation. Automatic methods to bring together phosphorylation events and phosphorylation-dependent PPIs can help to summarize the current knowledge and to expose hidden connections. In this chapter, we demonstrate two text mining tools, RLIMS-P and eFIP, for the retrieval and extraction of kinase-substrate-site data and phosphorylation-dependent PPIs from the literature. These tools offer several advantages over a literature search in PubMed as their results are specific for phosphorylation. RLIMS-P and eFIP results can be sorted, organized, and viewed in multiple ways to answer relevant biological questions, and the protein mentions are linked to UniProt identifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Suite 205, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
- Department of Computer & Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Karen E Ross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Hongzhan Huang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Suite 205, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
- Department of Computer & Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Jia Ren
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Suite 205, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Computer & Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - K Vijay-Shanker
- Department of Computer & Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Cathy H Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Suite 205, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
- Department of Computer & Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Cecilia N Arighi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Suite 205, Newark, DE, 19711, USA.
- Department of Computer & Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA.
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Parsels LA, Tanska DM, Parsels JD, Zabludoff SD, Cuneo KC, Lawrence TS, Maybaum J, Morgan MA. Dissociation of gemcitabine chemosensitization by CHK1 inhibition from cell cycle checkpoint abrogation and aberrant mitotic entry. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:730-9. [PMID: 26890478 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1148841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to determine the relative contribution of checkpoint abrogation and subsequent aberrant mitotic entry to gemcitabine chemosensitization by CHK1 inhibition, we established a model utilizing the CDK inhibitors roscovitine or purvalanol A to re-establish cell cycle arrest and prevent aberrant mitotic entry in pancreatic cancer cells treated with gemcitabine and the CHK inhibitor AZD7762. In this study, we report that the extent of aberrant mitotic entry, as determined by flow cytometry for the mitotic marker phospho-Histone H3 (Ser10), did not reflect the relative sensitivities of pancreatic cancer cell lines to gemcitabine chemosensitization by AZD7762. In addition, re-establishing gemcitabine-induced cell cycle arrest either pharmacologically, with roscovitine or purvalanol A, or genetically, with cyclin B1 siRNA, did not inhibit chemosensitization uniformly across the cell lines. Furthermore, we found that AZD7762 augmented high-intensity γH2AX signaling in gemcitabine-treated cells, suggesting the presence of replication stress when CHK1 is inhibited. Finally, the ability of roscovitine to prevent chemosensitization correlated with its ability to inhibit AZD7762-induced high-intensity γH2AX, but not aberrant pHH3, suggesting that the effects of AZD7762 on DNA replication or repair rather than aberrant mitotic entry determine gemcitabine chemosensitization in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Parsels
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Daria M Tanska
- b Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Joshua D Parsels
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Sonya D Zabludoff
- c AstraZeneca R&D Boston , Waltham , MA , USA.,d Zabludoff Consulting San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kyle C Cuneo
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Jonathan Maybaum
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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90
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Narayanaswamy PB, Tkachuk S, Haller H, Dumler I, Kiyan Y. CHK1 and RAD51 activation after DNA damage is regulated via urokinase receptor/TLR4 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2383. [PMID: 27685627 PMCID: PMC5059885 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of DNA damage and repair signaling are not completely understood that hinder the efficiency of cancer therapy. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (PLAUR) is highly expressed in most solid cancers and serves as a marker of poor prognosis. We show that PLAUR actively promotes DNA repair in cancer cells. On the contrary, downregulation of PLAUR expression results in delayed DNA repair. We found PLAUR to be essential for activation of Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1); maintenance of cell cycle arrest after DNA damage in a TP53-dependent manner; expression, nuclear import and recruitment to DNA-damage foci of RAD51 recombinase, the principal protein involved in the homologous recombination repair pathway. Underlying mechanism implies auto-/paracrine signaling of PLAUR/TLR4 receptor complex leading to activation of CHK1 and DNA repair. The signaling is induced by a danger molecule released by DNA-damaged cells and mediates, at least partially, activation of DNA-damage response. This study describes a new mechanism of DNA repair activation initiated by auto-/paracrine signaling of membrane receptors PLAUR/TLR4. It adds to the understanding of role of PLAUR in cancer and provides a rationale for therapeutic targeting of PLAUR/TLR4 interaction in TP53-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey Tkachuk
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Inna Dumler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Yulia Kiyan
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D-30625, Germany
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91
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Inhibition of ATR-dependent feedback activation of Chk1 sensitises cancer cells to Chk1 inhibitor monotherapy. Cancer Lett 2016; 383:41-52. [PMID: 27693461 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Chk1 and ATR kinases are critical mediators of the DNA damage response pathway and help protect cancer cells from endogenous and oncogene induced replication stress. Inhibitors of both kinases are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Chk1 inhibition with V158411 increases DNA damage and activates the ATR, ATM and DNA-PKcs dependent DNA damage response pathways. Inhibiting ATR, ATM and/or DNA-PKcs has the potential to increase the therapeutic activity of Chk1 inhibitors. ATR inhibition but not ATM or DNA-PKcs inhibition potentiated the cytotoxicity of V158411 in p53 mutant and wild type human cancer cell lines. This increased cytotoxicity correlated with increased nuclear DNA damage and replication stress in a dose and time dependent manner. γH2AX induction following Chk1 inhibition protected cells from caspase-dependent apoptosis. Inhibition of ATR increased Chk1 inhibitor induced cell death independently of caspase activation. The effect of ATR, ATM and/or DNA-PK inhibition on Chk1 inhibitor induced replication stress was dependent on the concentration of Chk1 inhibitor. ATR inhibition potentiated Chk1 inhibitor induced replication stress and cytotoxicity via the abrogation of ATR-dependent feedback activation of Chk1 induced by Chk1 inhibitor generated replication stress. This study suggests that combining an ATR inhibitor to lower the threshold by which a Chk1 inhibitor induces replication stress, DNA damage and tumour cell death in a wide range of cancer types may be a useful clinical approach.
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92
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Calvo E, Braiteh F, Von Hoff D, McWilliams R, Becerra C, Galsky MD, Jameson G, Lin J, McKane S, Wickremsinhe ER, Hynes SM, Bence Lin A, Hurt K, Richards D. Phase I Study of CHK1 Inhibitor LY2603618 in Combination with Gemcitabine in Patients with Solid Tumors. Oncology 2016; 91:251-260. [PMID: 27598338 DOI: 10.1159/000448621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE LY2603618, a selective inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and key regulator of the DNA damage checkpoint, may enhance the effects of antimetabolites. This phase I study defined the recommended phase II dose of LY2603618 combined with gemcitabine. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced/metastatic disease were administered doses of LY2603618 (70-250 mg/m2 or flat-fixed doses of 200 or 230 mg) after gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2). Safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) were assessed. RESULTS Among the 50 patients enrolled, frequent adverse events possibly related to study drug treatment included fatigue (44%), decreased platelets (42%), decreased neutrophils (32%), nausea (26%), and decreased hemoglobin (20%). Systemic exposure of LY2603618 increased dose dependently, while clearance was relatively dose independent. The mean LY2603618 half-life varied; however, the durations were still suitable for maintaining human exposures while minimizing accumulation. LY2603618 PK were not altered by gemcitabine administration. Plasma exposures that correlate with the maximal pharmacodynamic effect in nonclinical models were achieved for all doses. One patient with non-small cell lung cancer carcinoma achieved a partial response; 22 patients had stable disease. CONCLUSIONS The maximum tolerated dose of LY2603618 combined with gemcitabine was 200 mg/m2, but a fixed LY2603618 dose of 230 mg combined with gemcitabine was selected as the recommended phase II dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Calvo
- START Madrid, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid Norte Sanchinarro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Chemogenetic profiling identifies RAD17 as synthetically lethal with checkpoint kinase inhibition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35755-69. [PMID: 26437225 PMCID: PMC4742139 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical inhibitors of the checkpoint kinases have shown promise in the treatment of cancer, yet their clinical utility may be limited by a lack of molecular biomarkers to identify specific patients most likely to respond to therapy. To this end, we screened 112 known tumor suppressor genes for synthetic lethal interactions with inhibitors of the CHEK1 and CHEK2 checkpoint kinases. We identified eight interactions, including the Replication Factor C (RFC)-related protein RAD17. Clonogenic assays in RAD17 knockdown cell lines identified a substantial shift in sensitivity to checkpoint kinase inhibition (3.5-fold) as compared to RAD17 wild-type. Additional evidence for this interaction was found in a large-scale functional shRNA screen of over 100 genotyped cancer cell lines, in which CHEK1/2 mutant cell lines were unexpectedly sensitive to RAD17 knockdown. This interaction was widely conserved, as we found that RAD17 interacts strongly with checkpoint kinases in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the setting of RAD17 knockdown, CHEK1/2 inhibition was found to be synergistic with inhibition of WEE1, another pharmacologically relevant checkpoint kinase. Accumulation of the DNA damage marker γH2AX following chemical inhibition or transient knockdown of CHEK1, CHEK2 or WEE1 was magnified by knockdown of RAD17. Taken together, our data suggest that CHEK1 or WEE1 inhibitors are likely to have greater clinical efficacy in tumors with RAD17 loss-of-function.
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Rorà AGLD, Iacobucci I, Imbrogno E, Papayannidis C, Derenzini E, Ferrari A, Guadagnuolo V, Robustelli V, Parisi S, Sartor C, Abbenante MC, Paolini S, Martinelli G. Prexasertib, a Chk1/Chk2 inhibitor, increases the effectiveness of conventional therapy in B-/T- cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:53377-53391. [PMID: 27438145 PMCID: PMC5288194 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few years many Checkpoint kinase 1/2 (Chk1/Chk2) inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of different type of cancers. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of the Chk 1/2 inhibitor prexasertib mesylate monohydrate in B-/T- cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as single agent and in combination with other drugs. The prexasertib reduced the cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner in all the treated cell lines. The cytotoxic activity was confirmed by the increment of apoptotic cells (Annexin V/Propidium Iodide staining), by the increase of γH2A.X protein expression and by the activation of different apoptotic markers (Parp-1 and pro-Caspase3 cleavage). Furthermore, the inhibition of Chk1 changed the cell cycle profile. In order to evaluate the chemo-sensitizer activity of the compound, different cell lines were treated for 24 and 48 hours with prexasertib in combination with other drugs (imatinib, dasatinib and clofarabine). The results from cell line models were strengthened in primary leukemic blasts isolated from peripheral blood of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. In this study we highlighted the mechanism of action and the effectiveness of prexasertib as single agent or in combination with other conventional drugs like imatinib, dasatinib and clofarabine in the treatment of B-/T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrica Imbrogno
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Derenzini
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Viviana Guadagnuolo
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Robustelli
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah Parisi
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartor
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Abbenante
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolini
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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95
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Mi G, Gao Y, Liu S, Ye E, Li Y, Jin X, Yang H, Yang Z. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol promotes remyelination in a cuprizone induced demyelination model. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2780-91. [PMID: 27580304 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1220458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cuprizone (CPZ) model has been widely used for the studies of de-and remyelination. The CPZ-exposed mice show oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) increase and mature oligodendrocytes decrease, suggesting an imbalance between proliferation and differentiation of OPCs. In the first experiment of this study, we examined the expression of cell cycle related genes in brains of mice following CPZ administration for 5 weeks by means of microarray assay. In addition, we performed a double labeling of BrdU and Ki-67 to calculate cell cycle exit index in the mice. Our results showed that CPZ administration up-regulated the expression of 16 cell cycle related genes, but down-regulated the expression of only one in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice compared to control group. The treatment inhibited potential precursor cells exit from cell cycle. In the second experiment, we evaluated effects of a CDK inhibitor flavopiridol (FLA) on CPZ-induced neuropathological changes and spatial working memory impairment in mice.FLA treatment for one week effectively attenuated the CPZ-induced increases in NG2 positive cells, microglia and astrocytes, alleviated the concurrent mature oligodendrocyte loss and myelin breakdown, and improved spatial working memory deficit in the CPZ-exposed mice. These results suggest that CPZ-induced neuropathological changes involve in dysregulation of cell cycle related genes. The therapeutic effects of FLA on CPZ-exposed mice may be related to its ability of cell cycle inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyun Mi
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Yunyun Gao
- b The 89 Hospital of PLA , WeiFang City Shandong Province , China
| | - Shuai Liu
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Enmao Ye
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Yanyan Li
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Xiao Jin
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Hongju Yang
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Zheng Yang
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
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Phase II evaluation of LY2603618, a first-generation CHK1 inhibitor, in combination with pemetrexed in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:625-35. [PMID: 27350064 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction LY2603618 is a selective inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) protein kinase, a key regulator of the DNA damage checkpoint, and is predicted to enhance the effects of antimetabolites, such as pemetrexed. This phase II trial assessed the overall response rate, safety, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of LY2603618 and pemetrexed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods In this open-label, single-arm trial, patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC progressing after a prior first-line treatment regimen (not containing pemetrexed) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2 received pemetrexed (500 mg/m(2), day 1) and LY2603618 (150 mg/m(2), day 2) every 21 days until disease progression. Safety was assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. Serial blood samples were collected for PK analysis after LY2603618 and pemetrexed administration. Expression of p53, as measured by immunohistochemistry and genetic variant analysis, was assessed as a predictive biomarker of response. Results Fifty-five patients were enrolled in the study. No patients experienced a complete response; a partial response was observed in 5 patients (9.1 %; 90 % CI, 3.7-18.2) and stable disease in 20 patients (36.4 %). The median progression-free survival was 2.3 months (range, 0-27.1). Safety and PK of LY2603618 in combination with pemetrexed were favorable. No association between p53 status and response was observed. Conclusions There was no significant clinical activity of LY2603618 and pemetrexed combination therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. The results were comparable with historical pemetrexed single-agent data, with similar safety and PK profiles being observed.
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Osborne JD, Matthews TP, McHardy T, Proisy N, Cheung KMJ, Lainchbury M, Brown N, Walton MI, Eve PD, Boxall KJ, Hayes A, Henley AT, Valenti MR, De Haven Brandon AK, Box G, Jamin Y, Robinson SP, Westwood IM, van Montfort RLM, Leonard PM, Lamers MBAC, Reader JC, Aherne GW, Raynaud FI, Eccles SA, Garrett MD, Collins I. Multiparameter Lead Optimization to Give an Oral Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1) Inhibitor Clinical Candidate: (R)-5-((4-((Morpholin-2-ylmethyl)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile (CCT245737). J Med Chem 2016; 59:5221-37. [PMID: 27167172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiparameter optimization of a series of 5-((4-aminopyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrazine-2-carbonitriles resulted in the identification of a potent and selective oral CHK1 preclinical development candidate with in vivo efficacy as a potentiator of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damaging chemotherapy and as a single agent. Cellular mechanism of action assays were used to give an integrated assessment of compound selectivity during optimization resulting in a highly CHK1 selective adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitive inhibitor. A single substituent vector directed away from the CHK1 kinase active site was unexpectedly found to drive the selective cellular efficacy of the compounds. Both CHK1 potency and off-target human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) ion channel inhibition were dependent on lipophilicity and basicity in this series. Optimization of CHK1 cellular potency and in vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) properties gave a compound with low predicted doses and exposures in humans which mitigated the residual weak in vitro hERG inhibition.
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98
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Model-based contextualization of in vitro toxicity data quantitatively predicts in vivo drug response in patients. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:865-883. [PMID: 27161439 PMCID: PMC5306109 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding central mechanisms underlying drug-induced toxicity plays a crucial role in drug development and drug safety. However, a translation of cellular in vitro findings to an actual in vivo context remains challenging. Here, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was used for in vivo contextualization of in vitro toxicity data (PICD) to quantitatively predict in vivo drug response over time by integrating multiple levels of biological organization. Explicitly, in vitro toxicity data at the cellular level were integrated into whole-body PBPK models at the organism level by coupling in vitro drug exposure with in vivo drug concentration–time profiles simulated in the extracellular environment within the organ. PICD was exemplarily applied on the hepatotoxicant azathioprine to quantitatively predict in vivo drug response of perturbed biological pathways and cellular processes in rats and humans. The predictive accuracy of PICD was assessed by comparing in vivo drug response predicted for rats with observed in vivo measurements. To demonstrate clinical applicability of PICD, in vivo drug responses of a critical toxicity-related pathway were predicted for eight patients following acute azathioprine overdoses. Moreover, acute liver failure after multiple dosing of azathioprine was investigated in a patient case study by use of own clinical data. Simulated pharmacokinetic profiles were therefore related to in vivo drug response predicted for genes associated with observed clinical symptoms and to clinical biomarkers measured in vivo. PICD provides a generic platform to investigate drug-induced toxicity at a patient level and thus may facilitate individualized risk assessment during drug development.
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99
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Hong D, Infante J, Janku F, Jones S, Nguyen LM, Burris H, Naing A, Bauer TM, Piha-Paul S, Johnson FM, Kurzrock R, Golden L, Hynes S, Lin J, Lin AB, Bendell J. Phase I Study of LY2606368, a Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:1764-71. [PMID: 27044938 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.64.5788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective was to determine safety, toxicity, and a recommended phase II dose regimen of LY2606368, an inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1, as monotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase I, nonrandomized, open-label, dose-escalation trial used a 3 + 3 dose-escalation scheme and included patients with advanced solid tumors. Intravenous LY2606368 was dose escalated from 10 to 50 mg/m(2) on schedule 1 (days 1 to 3 every 14 days) or from 40 to 130 mg/m(2) on schedule 2 (day 1 every 14 days). Safety measures and pharmacokinetics were assessed, and pharmacodynamics were measured in blood, hair follicles, and circulating tumor cells. RESULTS Forty-five patients were treated; seven experienced dose-limiting toxicities (all hematologic). The maximum-tolerated doses (MTDs) were 40 mg/m(2) (schedule 1) and 105 mg/m(2) (schedule 2). The most common related grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent adverse events were neutropenia, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and fatigue. Grade 4 neutropenia occurred in 73.3% of patients and was transient (typically < 5 days). Febrile neutropenia incidence was low (7%). The LY2606368 exposure over the first 72 hours (area under the curve from 0 to 72 hours) at the MTD for each schedule coincided with the exposure in mouse xenografts that resulted in maximal tumor responses. Minor intra- and intercycle accumulation of LY2606368 was observed at the MTDs for both schedules. Two patients (4.4%) had a partial response; one had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anus and one had SCC of the head and neck. Fifteen patients (33.3%) had a best overall response of stable disease (range, 1.2 to 6.7 months), six of whom had SCC. CONCLUSION An LY2606368 dose of 105 mg/m(2) once every 14 days is being evaluated as the recommended phase II dose in dose-expansion cohorts for patients with SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hong
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN.
| | - Jeffrey Infante
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Filip Janku
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Suzanne Jones
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ly M Nguyen
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Howard Burris
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Aung Naing
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Todd M Bauer
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sarina Piha-Paul
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Faye M Johnson
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lisa Golden
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Scott Hynes
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ji Lin
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Aimee Bence Lin
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Johanna Bendell
- David Hong, Filip Janku, Ly M. Nguyen, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Faye M. Johnson, and Razelle Kurzrock, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jeffrey Infante, Suzanne Jones, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Jeffrey Infante, Howard Burris, Todd M. Bauer, and Johanna Bendell, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; and Lisa Golden, Scott Hynes, Ji Lin, and Aimee Bence Lin, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN
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Combined inhibition of Chk1 and Wee1 as a new therapeutic strategy for mantle cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3394-408. [PMID: 25428911 PMCID: PMC4413661 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive, incurable disease, characterized by a deregulated cell cycle. Chk1 and Wee1 are main regulators of cell cycle progression and recent data on solid tumors suggest that simultaneous inhibition of these proteins has a strong synergistic cytotoxic effect. The effects of a Chk1 inhibitor (PF-00477736) and a Wee1 inhibitor (MK-1775) have been herein investigated in a large panel of mature B-cell lymphoma cell lines. We found that MCL cells were the most sensitive to the Chk1 inhibitor PF-00477736 and Wee1 inhibitor MK-1775 as single agents. Possible involvement of the translocation t(11;14) in Chk1 inhibitor sensitivity was hypothesized. The combined inhibition of Chk1 and Wee1 was strongly synergistic in MCL cells, leading to deregulation of the cell cycle, with increased activity of CDK2 and CDK1, and activation of apoptosis. In vivo treatment with the drug combination of mice bearing JeKo-1 xenografts (MCL) had a marked antitumor effect with tumor regressions observed at non-toxic doses (best T/C%=0.54%). Gene expression profiling suggested effect on genes involved in apoptosis. The strong synergism observed by combining Chk1 and Wee1 inhibitors in preclinical models of MCL provides the rationale for testing this combination in the clinical setting.
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