51
|
Mukhopadhyay P, Horváth B, Kechrid M, Tanchian G, Rajesh M, Naura AS, Boulares AH, Pacher P. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 is a key mediator of cisplatin-induced kidney inflammation and injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1774-88. [PMID: 21884784 PMCID: PMC3207278 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, the clinical use of which is limited by the development of dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. Enhanced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell death have been implicated in the development of cisplatin-induced nephropathy; however, the precise mechanisms are elusive. Overactivation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) by oxidative DNA damage under various pathological conditions promotes cell death and up-regulation of key proinflammatory pathways. In this study, using a well-established model of nephropathy, we have explored the role of PARP-1 in cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 markedly attenuated the cisplatin-induced histopathological damage, impaired renal function (elevated serum BUN and creatinine levels), and enhanced inflammatory response (leukocyte infiltration; TNF-α, IL-1β, F4/80, adhesion molecules ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression) and consequent oxidative/nitrative stress (4-HNE, 8-OHdG, and nitrotyrosine content; NOX2/NOX4 expression). PARP inhibition also facilitated the cisplatin-induced death of cancer cells. Thus, PARP activation plays an important role in cisplatin-induced kidney injury, and its pharmacological inhibition may represent a promising approach to preventing the cisplatin-induced nephropathy. This is particularly exciting because several PARP inhibitors alone or in combination with DNA-damaging anticancer agents show considerable promise in clinical trials for treatment of various malignancies (e.g., triple-negative breast cancer).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Béla Horváth
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Malek Kechrid
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Galin Tanchian
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center Department and Department of Pharmacology; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A. Hamid Boulares
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center Department and Department of Pharmacology; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Matsuura S, Egi Y, Yuki S, Horikawa T, Satoh H, Akira T. MP-124, a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor, ameliorates ischemic brain damage in a non-human primate model. Brain Res 2011; 1410:122-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
53
|
Plummer R. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition: a new direction for BRCA and triple-negative breast cancer? Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:218. [PMID: 21884642 PMCID: PMC3236327 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-mediated DNA repair have shown promise in early clinical studies in the treatment of specific subgroups of breast cancer. Notably, phase II trials indicate that olaparib, an oral PARP inhibitor, has activity as a single agent in BRCA-related tumours, and that a combination of iniparib, an intravenous PARP inhibitor, and chemotherapy offers a survival advantage, compared with chemotherapy alone, in triple-negative breast cancer. Phase III data on the latter indication are expected in 2011. Intriguingly, iniparib does not increase toxicity when used as a chemo-potentiating agent, suggesting that it differs in its mechanism of action from other agents in this class. Overall, PARP inhibitors represent a potentially important new class of anti-cancer agents with two potential modes of action, as single agents causing synthetic lethality and as chemo-potentiating agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Plummer
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Pazaiti A, Fentiman IS. Basal phenotype breast cancer: implications for treatment and prognosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 7:181-202. [PMID: 21410345 DOI: 10.2217/whe.11.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females. The origins and biology of breast carcinomas remain unclear. Cellular and molecular heterogeneity results in different distinct groups of tumors with different clinical behavior and prognosis. Gene expression profiling has delineated five molecular subtypes based on similarities in gene expression: luminal A, luminal B, HER2 overexpressing, normal-like and basal-like. Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) lacks estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 expression, and comprises myoepithelial cells. Specific features include high proliferative rate, rapid growth, early recurrence and decreased overall survival. BLBC is associated with ductal carcinoma in situ, BRCA1 mutation, brain and lung metastasis, and negative axillary lymph nodes. Currently, chemotherapy is the only therapeutic choice, but demonstrates poor outcomes. There is an overlap in definition between triple-negative breast cancer and BLBC due to the triple-negative profile of BLBC. Despite the molecular and clinical similarities, the two subtypes respond differently to neoadjuvant therapy. Although particular morphologic, genetic and clinical features of BLBC have been identified, a variety of definitions among studies accounts for the contradictory results reported. In this article the molecular morphological and histopathological profile, the clinical behavior and the therapeutic options of BLBC are presented, with emphasis on the discordant findings among studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Pazaiti
- Research Oncology, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE19RT, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Ford AL, Lee JM. Climbing STAIRs towards clinical trials with a novel PARP-1 inhibitor for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Brain Res 2011; 1410:120-1. [PMID: 21807360 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andria L Ford
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
iNOS induction and PARP-1 activation in human atherosclerotic lesions: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural approach. Cardiovasc Pathol 2011; 20:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
57
|
Zhu H, Jiang Z, Lei P, Huang W, Yu X. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 mediates angiotensin II-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and fibronectin in rat mesangial cells. Kidney Blood Press Res 2011; 34:320-7. [PMID: 21613793 DOI: 10.1159/000327344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibronectin (FN) in rat mesangial cells (RMCs). METHODS Followed by serum starvation for 16 h, RMCs were exposed to Ang II for an indicated time to examine the protein expression of PARP-1. The cells were treated with or without Ang II for 12-24 h in the presence or absence of an inhibitor of PARP, N-(6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide hydrochloride (PJ34) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes targeting PARP-1. The mRNA and protein expressions of PARP-1, PAI-1 and FN were determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The activity of PARP-1 was examined by colorimetric assay. RESULTS Ang II did not only significantly induce PARP-1 expression and activity, but also increased PAI-1 and FN expression in RMCs. All these responses induced by Ang II were significantly inhibited by both the PARP inhibitor PJ34 and downregulating PARP-1 with the siRNA technique. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that PARP-1 mediates Ang II-induced PAI-1 and FN in RMCs and may thus represent a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of glomerular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengmei Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Ahmad A, Khan MM, Hoda MN, Raza SS, Khan MB, Javed H, Ishrat T, Ashafaq M, Ahmad ME, Safhi MM, Islam F. Quercetin protects against oxidative stress associated damages in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1360-71. [PMID: 21472457 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress and apoptosis play an important role in cerebral ischemic pathogenesis and may represent a target for treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the quercetin dihydrate (Q) protects against cerebral ischemia neuronal damage. Male Wistar rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h and reperfused for 72 h. Quercetin (30 mg/kg, i.p) was administrated 30 min before the onset of ischemia and after the ischemia at interval of 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. The administration of Q showed marked reduction in infarct size, reduced the neurological deficits in terms of behaviors, suppressed neuronal loss and diminished the p53 expression in MCAO rats. Q was found to be successful in upregulating the antioxidant status and lowering the TBARS level. Conversely, the elevated activity of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and activity of caspase-3 in MCAO group was attenuated significantly in Q treated group when compared with MCAO group. Our study reveals that Q, as a powerful antioxidant, could prevent free radicals associated oxidative damage and morphological changes in the MCAO rats. Thus, it may have a therapeutic value for the treatment of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Ahmad
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Mosca L, Rotili D, Tempera I, Masci A, Fontana M, Chiaraluce R, Mastromarino P, d'Erme M, Mai A. Biological Effects of MC2050, a Quinazoline-Based PARP-1 Inhibitor, in Human Neuroblastoma and EBV-Positive Burkitt′s Lymphoma Cells. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:606-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
60
|
Mitchell C, Park M, Eulitt P, Yang C, Yacoub A, Dent P. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 modulates the lethality of CHK1 inhibitors in carcinoma cells. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:909-17. [PMID: 20696794 PMCID: PMC2981366 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.067199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have demonstrated that inhibition of CHK1 can promote the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylation of histone H2AX and that inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) can affect growth factor-induced ERK1/2 activation. The present studies were initiated to determine whether CHK1 inhibitors interacted with PARP1 inhibition to facilitate apoptosis. Transient expression of dominant-negative CHK1 raised basal ERK1/2 activity and prevented CHK1 inhibitors from activating ERK1/2. CHK1 inhibitors modestly increased the levels of PARP1 ADP ribosylation and molecular or small-molecule inhibition of PARP1 blocked CHK1 inhibitor-stimulated histone H2AX phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2. Stimulated histone H2AX phosphorylation was ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein-dependent. Multiple CHK1 inhibitors interacted in a greater than additive fashion with multiple PARP1 inhibitors to cause transformed cell-killing in short-term viability assays and synergistically killed tumor cells in colony-formation assays. Overexpression of BCL-xL or loss of BAX/BAK function, but not the function of BID, suppressed CHK1 inhibitor + PARP1 inhibitor lethality. Inhibition of BCL-2 family protein function enhanced CHK1 inhibitor + PARP1 inhibitor lethality and restored drug-induced cell-killing in cells overexpressing BCL-xL. Thus, PARP1 plays an important role in regulating the ability of CHK1 inhibitors to activate ERK1/2 and the DNA damage response. An inability of PARP1 to modulate this response results in transformed cell death mediated through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clint Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Efficacy of treatment with verbascoside, biotechnologically produced by Syringa vulgaris plant cell cultures in an experimental mice model of spinal cord trauma. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 382:331-45. [PMID: 20799028 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the effect of glycosylated phenylpropanoid verbascoside (VB), isolated from cultured cells of the medicinal plant Syringa vulgaris (Oleaceae) in experimental animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI was induced by the application of vascular clips to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. SCI in mice resulted in severe trauma characterized by edema, tissue damage, and apoptosis. At 1 and 6 h after injury, the mice were treated with VB extract, administered at the dose of 2 mg/kg with intraperitoneal administration. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a marked increase on expression for nitrotyrosine, inducible nitric oxide synthase, poly(ADP-ribose), and apoptosis events (increase of Bax and Bcl-2 expression) in the spinal cord tissue. Additionally, we demonstrate that these inflammatory events were associated with the cytokines expression (TNF-α and IL-1β), neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase), and activation of NF-κB. In contrast, all of these parameters of inflammation were attenuated by treatment with VB. In a separate set of experiment, we have clearly demonstrated that VB treatment significantly ameliorated the recovery of function (evaluated by motor recovery score). Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that treatment with VB extract reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury events associated with spinal cord trauma.
Collapse
|
62
|
Krishnakumar R, Kraus WL. The PARP side of the nucleus: molecular actions, physiological outcomes, and clinical targets. Mol Cell 2010; 39:8-24. [PMID: 20603072 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The abundant nuclear enzyme PARP-1, a multifunctional regulator of chromatin structure, transcription, and genomic integrity, plays key roles in a wide variety of processes in the nucleus. Recent studies have begun to connect the molecular functions of PARP-1 to specific physiological and pathological outcomes, many of which can be altered by an expanding array of chemical inhibitors of PARP enzymatic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raga Krishnakumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Muscal JA, Thompson PA, Giranda VL, Dayton BD, Bauch J, Horton T, McGuffey L, Nuchtern JG, Dauser RC, Gibson BW, Blaney SM, Su JM. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of ABT-888 after oral administration in non-human primates. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 65:419-25. [PMID: 19526240 PMCID: PMC2953793 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE ABT-888 inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation in CNS tumors. We studied the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics (PK) of ABT-888 in a non-human primate (NHP) model that is highly predictive of human CSF penetration. METHODS ABT-888, 5 mg/kg, was administered orally to three NHPs. Serial blood and CSF samples were obtained. Plasma and CSF concentrations of ABT-888 were measured using LC/MS/MS, and the resulting concentration versus time data were evaluated using non-compartmental and compartmental PK methods. RESULTS The CSF penetration of ABT-888 was 57+/-7% (mean+/-SD). The peak ABT-888 concentration in the plasma was 0.62+/-0.18 microM. Plasma and CSF AUC0-infinity were 3.7+/-1.7 and 2.1+/-0.8 microM h. PARP inhibition in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evident 2 h after ABT-888 administration. CONCLUSION The CSF penetration of ABT-888 after oral administration was 57%. Plasma and CSF concentrations were in the range that has been shown to inhibit PARP activity in vivo in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi A. Muscal
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, MC3-3320, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patrick A. Thompson
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, MC3-3320, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Joy Bauch
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Terzah Horton
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, MC3-3320, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leticia McGuffey
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, MC3-3320, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jed G. Nuchtern
- Texas Childrens’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert C. Dauser
- Texas Childrens’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian W. Gibson
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Susan M. Blaney
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, MC3-3320, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jack M. Su
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, MC3-3320, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Chevanne M, Zampieri M, Caldini R, Rizzo A, Ciccarone F, Catizone A, D'Angelo C, Guastafierro T, Biroccio A, Reale A, Zupi G, Caiafa P. Inhibition of PARP activity by PJ-34 leads to growth impairment and cell death associated with aberrant mitotic pattern and nucleolar actin accumulation in M14 melanoma cell line. J Cell Physiol 2009; 222:401-10. [PMID: 19890834 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The capability of PARP activity inhibitors to prevent DNA damage recovery suggested the use of these drugs as chemo- and radio-sensitisers for cancer therapy. Our research, carried out on cultured human M14 melanoma cells, was aimed to examine if PJ-34, a potent PARP activity inhibitor of second generation, was per se able to affect the viability of these cancer cells without any DNA damaging agents. Using time-lapse videomicroscopy, we evidenced that 10 microM PJ-34 treatment induced severe mitotic defects leading to dramatic reduction of cell proliferation and to cell death. PJ-34 cytotoxic effect was further confirmed by analysis of cell viability and clonogenic assay. Absence of canonic apoptosis markers allowed us to exclude this kind of cell death. No single and/or double stranded DNA damage was evidenced. Immunofluorescence analysis showed an aberrant mitotic scenario in several cells and subsequent multinucleation suggesting an atypical way for cells to die: the mitotic catastrophe. The detection of aberrant accumulation of polymerised actin inside the nucleolus was noteworthy. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, targeting PARP activity by PJ-34, cancer cell survival is affected independently of DNA damage repair. Two findings are remarkable: (a) cisplatin concentration can be reduced by three quarters if it is followed by treatment with 10 microM PJ-34 for 24 h to obtain the same cytotoxic effect; (b) effects dependent on PJ-34 treatment are reversible. Our data suggest that, to reduce the harm done to non-tumour cells during chemotherapy with cisplatin, the latter could be coupled with PJ-34 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Chevanne
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Drew Y, Plummer R. PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy: Two modes of attack on the cancer cell widening the clinical applications. Drug Resist Updat 2009; 12:153-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
66
|
Sairanen T, Szepesi R, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Saksi J, Paetau A, Lindsberg PJ. Neuronal caspase-3 and PARP-1 correlate differentially with apoptosis and necrosis in ischemic human stroke. Acta Neuropathol 2009; 118:541-52. [PMID: 19529948 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-009-0559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death contributes to neuronal loss in the penumbral region of brain infarction. Activated caspase-3 (ACA-3) cleaves proteins including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) important in DNA repair, thus promoting apoptosis. Overactivation of PARP-1 depletes NAD(+) and ATP, resulting in necrosis. These cell death phenomena have been investigated mostly in experimental animals. We studied an autopsy cohort of 13 fatal ischemic stroke cases (symptoms 15 h to 18 days) and 2 controls by immunohistochemical techniques. The number of PARP-1 immunoreactive neurons was highest in the periinfarct area. Nuclear PARP-1 correlated with increasing neuronal necrosis (P = 0.013). Cytoplasmic PARP-1 correlated with TUNEL in periinfarct and core areas (P = 0.01). Cytoplasmic cleaved PARP-1 was inversely correlated with increasing necrotic damage (P = 0.001). PAR-polymers were detected in neurons confirming enzymatic activity of PARP-1. Cytoplasmic ACA-3 correlated with death receptor Fas (r (s) = 0.48; P = 0.005). In conclusion, the confirmation of the same pathways of cell death than previously described in experimental animal models encourages neuroprotective treatments acting on these mediators also in human stroke.
Collapse
|
67
|
Selvaraj V, Soundarapandian MM, Chechneva O, Williams AJ, Sidorov MK, Soulika AM, Pleasure DE, Deng W. PARP-1 deficiency increases the severity of disease in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:26070-84. [PMID: 19628872 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.013474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, the role of PARP-1 in autoimmune CNS injury remains poorly understood. Therefore, we studied experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis in mice with a targeted deletion of PARP-1. We identified inherent physiological abnormalities in the circulating and splenic immune composition between PARP-1(-/-) and wild type (WT) mice. Upon EAE induction, PARP-1(-/-) mice had an earlier onset and developed a more severe EAE compared with WT cohorts. Splenic response was significantly higher in PARP-1(-/-) mice largely because of B cell expansion. Although formation of Th1 and Th17 effector T lymphocytes was unaffected, PARP-1(-/-) mice had significantly earlier CD4+ T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration into the CNS during EAE. However, we did not detect significant differences in cytokine profiles between PARP-1(-/-) and WT spinal cords at the peak of EAE. Expression analysis of different PARP isozymes in EAE spinal cords showed that PARP-1 was down-regulated in WT mice and that PARP-3 but not PARP-2 was dramatically up-regulated in both PARP-1(-/-) and WT mice, suggesting that these PARP isozymes could have distinct roles in different CNS pathologies. Together, our results indicate that PARP-1 plays an important role in regulating the physiological immune composition and in immune modulation during EAE; our finding identifies a new aspect of immune regulation by PARPs in autoimmune CNS pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
|
69
|
Kálai T, Balog M, Szabó A, Gulyás G, Jekő J, Sümegi B, Hideg K. New Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitors with Antioxidant Activity Based on 4-Carboxamidobenzimidazole-2-ylpyrroline and -tetrahydropyridine Nitroxides and Their Precursors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1619-29. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801476y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Kálai
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, Hungary, and Department of Chemistry, College of Nyíregyháza, 4440 Nyíregyháza, Sóstói str. 31/B, Hungary
| | - Mária Balog
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, Hungary, and Department of Chemistry, College of Nyíregyháza, 4440 Nyíregyháza, Sóstói str. 31/B, Hungary
| | - Alíz Szabó
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, Hungary, and Department of Chemistry, College of Nyíregyháza, 4440 Nyíregyháza, Sóstói str. 31/B, Hungary
| | - Gergely Gulyás
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, Hungary, and Department of Chemistry, College of Nyíregyháza, 4440 Nyíregyháza, Sóstói str. 31/B, Hungary
| | - József Jekő
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, Hungary, and Department of Chemistry, College of Nyíregyháza, 4440 Nyíregyháza, Sóstói str. 31/B, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sümegi
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, Hungary, and Department of Chemistry, College of Nyíregyháza, 4440 Nyíregyháza, Sóstói str. 31/B, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Hideg
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, Hungary, and Department of Chemistry, College of Nyíregyháza, 4440 Nyíregyháza, Sóstói str. 31/B, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Vaschetto R, Plötz FB, Groeneveld ABJ. Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Acute Kidney Injury. Intensive Care Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-77383-4_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
71
|
Intra-mitochondrial poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation: potential role for alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Mitochondrion 2009; 9:159-64. [PMID: 19460292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an intracellular enzyme involved in DNA repair and in building poly-ADP-ribose polymers on nuclear proteins using NAD(+). While the majority of PARP resides in the nucleus, several studies indicated that PARP may also be located in the cytosol or in the mitochondrial matrix. In this study we found several poly-ADP-ribosylated proteins in isolated rat liver mitochondria following hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) or nitric oxide donor treatment. Protein poly-ADP-ribosylation was more intense in isolated mitochondria than in whole tissue homogenates and it was not associated with increased nuclear PARP activity. We identified five poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) positive mitochondrial bands by protein mass fingerprinting. All of the identified enzymes exhibited decreased activity or decreased levels following oxidative or nitrosative stress. One of the identified proteins is dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH), a component of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) complex, which uses NAD(+) as a substrate. This raised the possibility that KGDH may have a PARP-like enzymatic activity. The intrinsic PARP activity of KGDH and DLDH was confirmed using a colorimetric PARP assay kit and by the incubation of the recombinant enzymes with H(2)O(2). The KGDH enzyme may, therefore, have a novel function as a PARP-like enzyme, which may play a role in regulating intramitochondrial NAD(+) and poly(ADP-ribose) homeostasis, with possible roles in physiology and pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
72
|
Targeted therapies in breast cancer: Where are we now? Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:2781-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
73
|
Eberle J, Hossini AM. Expression and function of bcl-2 proteins in melanoma. Curr Genomics 2008; 9:409-19. [PMID: 19506730 PMCID: PMC2691663 DOI: 10.2174/138920208785699571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 proteins are critical regulators of mitochondrial membrane permeability and the proapoptotic mitochondrial pathway. The family encloses pro- and antiapoptotic factors encoded by over 15 genes, which frequently give rise to alternative splice products. Antiapoptotic, proapoptotic multidomain, and proapoptotic BH3-only proteins are characterized by the presence of at least one of four Bcl-2 homology domains (BH 1-4). Their expression and activities are controlled by survival pathways as MAP kinases and protein kinase B/Akt, which are in touch with a number of transcription factors. In melanoma, the mitochondrial apoptosis pathways and Bcl-2 proteins appear of particular importance for apoptosis resistance, which has been addressed in clinical trials applying antisense-Bcl-2. Overexpression or induction of proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins as well as the use of small molecule mimetics for the proapoptotic BH3 domain are further promising strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Eberle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Pellicciari R, Camaioni E, Costantino G, Formentini L, Sabbatini P, Venturoni F, Eren G, Bellocchi D, Chiarugi A, Moroni F. On the way to selective PARP-2 inhibitors. Design, synthesis, and preliminary evaluation of a series of isoquinolinone derivatives. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:914-23. [PMID: 18409175 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PARP-1 and PARP-2 are members of the family of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases, which are involved in the maintenance of genomic integrity under conditions of genotoxic stimuli. The different roles of the two isoforms under pathophysiological conditions have not yet been fully clarified, and this is partially due to the lack of selective inhibitors. We report herein the synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of a large series of isoquinolinone derivatives as PARP-1/PARP-2 inhibitors. Among them, we identified the 5-benzoyloxyisoquinolin-1(2 H)-one derivative as the most selective PARP-2 inhibitor reported so far, with a PARP-2/PARP-1 selectivity index greater than 60.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pellicciari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Tanori M, Mancuso M, Pasquali E, Leonardi S, Rebessi S, Di Majo V, Guilly MN, Giangaspero F, Covelli V, Pazzaglia S, Saran A. PARP-1 cooperates with Ptc1 to suppress medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:1911-9. [PMID: 18660545 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The patched (Ptc1) protein is a negative regulator of sonic hedgehog signaling, a genetic pathway whose perturbation causes developmental defects and predisposition to specific malignant tumors. Humans and mice with mutated Ptc1 are prone to medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), both tumors showing dependence on radiation damage for rapid onset and high penetrance. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme that plays a multifunctional role in DNA damage signaling and repair. In healthy and fertile PARP-1-null mice, radiation exposure reveals an extreme sensitivity and a high genomic instability. To test for interactions between PARP-1 and sonic hedgehog signaling, PARP-1-null mice were crossed to Ptc1 heterozygous mice. PARP-1 deletion further accelerated medulloblastoma development in irradiated Ptc1(+/-) mice, showing that PARP-1 inactivation sensitizes cerebellar cells to radiation tumorigenic effects. In addition to increased formation and slowed down kinetics of disappearance of gamma-H2AX foci, we observed increased apoptosis in PARP-1-deficient granule cell progenitors after irradiation. Double-mutant mice were also strikingly more susceptible to BCC, with >50% of animals developing multiple, large, infiltrative tumors within 30 weeks of age. The results provide genetic evidence that PARP-1 function suppresses sonic hedgehog pathway-associated tumors arising in response to environmental stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Tanori
- Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Sciences, Biotechnologies, Agro-Industry and Health Protection Department, Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA), Centro Ricerche Casaccia, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Pacher P, Szabo C. Role of the peroxynitrite-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase pathway in human disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 173:2-13. [PMID: 18535182 PMCID: PMC2438280 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the last 2 decades, experimental evidence from in vitro studies and preclinical models of disease has demonstrated that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including the reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, are generated in parenchymal, endothelial, and infiltrating inflammatory cells during stroke, myocardial and other forms of reperfusion injury, myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure, cardiomyopathies, circulatory shock, cardiovascular aging, atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling after injury, diabetic complications, and neurodegenerative disorders. Peroxynitrite and other reactive species induce oxidative DNA damage and consequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), the most abundant isoform of the PARP enzyme family. PARP overactivation depletes its substrate NAD(+), slowing the rate of glycolysis, electron transport, and ATP formation, eventually leading to functional impairment or death of cells, as well as up-regulation of various proinflammatory pathways. In related animal models of disease, peroxynitrite neutralization or pharmacological inhibition of PARP provides significant therapeutic benefits. Therefore, novel antioxidants and PARP inhibitors have entered clinical development for the experimental therapy of various cardiovascular and other diseases. This review focuses on the human data available on the pathophysiological relevance of the peroxynitrite-PARP pathway in a wide range of disparate diseases, ranging from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocarditis, heart failure, circulatory shock, and diabetic complications to atherosclerosis, arthritis, colitis, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pal Pacher
- Section on Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, 5625 Fishers Lane, MSC-9413, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Gambi N, Tramontano F, Quesada P. Poly(ADPR)polymerase inhibition and apoptosis induction in cDDP-treated human carcinoma cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:2356-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
78
|
Stable depletion of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 reduces in vivo melanoma growth and increases chemosensitivity. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:1302-14. [PMID: 18440222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1, which plays a key role in DNA repair, inflammation and transcription, has recently been shown to be involved in angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate PARP-1 role in melanoma aggressiveness and chemoresistance in vivo using clones stably silenced for PARP-1 expression. Whilst the growth characteristics of PARP-1-deficient melanoma cells were comparable to those of PARP-1-proficient cells in vitro, their tumourigenic potential in vivo was significantly compromised. In fact, mice challenged intra-muscle with PARP-1-deficient cells showed a delayed development of measurable tumour nodules, which were also significantly reduced in size with respect to those of mice inoculated with PARP-1-proficient cells. Moreover, animals challenged intra-cranially with PARP-1-deficient cells, a model that mimics CNS localisation of melanoma, showed an increased survival. Immunohistochemical analyses of PARP-1-depleted melanoma grafts indicated a reduced expression of the angiogenesis marker PECAM-1/CD31 and of the pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-alpha and GITR. Notably, PARP-1-silenced melanoma was extremely sensitive to temozolomide, an anticancer agent used for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. These results provide novel evidence for a direct role of PARP-1 in tumour aggressiveness and chemoresistance.
Collapse
|
79
|
Gais A, Beinert N, Gross U, Lüder CG. Transient inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase expression and activity by Toxoplasma gondii is dispensable for parasite-mediated blockade of host cell apoptosis and intracellular parasite replication. Microbes Infect 2008; 10:358-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
80
|
Eberle J, Fecker LF, Hossini AM, Kurbanov BM, Fechner H. Apoptosis pathways and oncolytic adenoviral vectors: promising targets and tools to overcome therapy resistance of malignant melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:1-11. [PMID: 18095940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades melanoma incidence has been increasing worldwide, while mortality remained on a high level. Until now, there is no suitable therapy for metastasized melanoma, which could lead to a significant increase in overall survival. Apoptosis deficiency is supposed to be a critical factor for therapy resistance, and previous work has characterized the basic mechanisms of apoptosis regulation in melanoma. Genes and strategies suitable for efficient induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells were identified, which are based on proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bcl-x(S), Bcl-x(AK), Bik/Nbk and Bax) as well as on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related death ligands (CD95L/Fas ligand and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL). Proapoptotic genes may be employed in improved gene therapeutic strategies, based on conditional oncolytic adenoviral vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Eberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Plummer ER, Calvert H. Targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a two-armed strategy for cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 13:6252-6. [PMID: 17975135 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The DNA repair pathways are protective of the host genome in normal cells; however, in cancer cells, these pathways may be disrupted and predispose to tumorigenesis or their activity may overcome the potentially cytotoxic damage caused by anticancer agents and be a mechanism of resistance. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, which block base excision repair of single-strand breaks, have entered the clinic in the last few years. This article discusses the interactions between the pathways of single- and double-strand break repair, which explain the two clinical development strategies for this class of drugs.
Collapse
|
82
|
Protective effects of 4-amino1,8-napthalimide, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Life Sci 2007; 82:570-6. [PMID: 18262571 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral diabetic neuropathy is a heterogeneous group of disorders, and is known to affect 50-60% of diabetic patients. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation has been identified as one of the key components in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. In the present study we have targeted PARP overactivation in diabetic neuropathy using a known PARP inhibitor, 4 amino 1, 8-napthalimide (4-ANI). Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats developed neuropathy within 6 weeks, which was evident from significant reduction in motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), nerve blood flow (NBF) along with neuropathic pain and abnormal sensory perception. Six weeks after diabetes induction Sprague Dawley rats were treated with 4-ANI (3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) for a period of two weeks (seventh and eighth weeks). Two week treatment with 4-ANI showed improvement in nerve conduction, nerve blood flow and reduction in tail flick responses and mechanical allodynia in diabetic animals. 4-ANI also attenuated PAR immunoreactivity and NAD depletion in nerves of diabetic animals. Results of present study suggest the potential of PARP inhibitors like 4-ANI in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
Collapse
|
83
|
von Lukowicz T, Hassa PO, Lohmann C, Borén J, Braunersreuther V, Mach F, Odermatt B, Gersbach M, Camici GG, Stähli BE, Tanner FC, Hottiger MO, Lüscher TF, Matter CM. PARP1 is required for adhesion molecule expression in atherogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2007; 78:158-66. [PMID: 18093987 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvm110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in Western societies and a chronic inflammatory disease. However, the key mediators linking recruitment of inflammatory cells to atherogenesis remain poorly defined. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a nuclear enzyme, which plays a role in acute inflammatory diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS In order to test the role of PARP in atherogenesis, we applied chronic pharmacological PARP inhibition or genetic PARP1 deletion in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and measured plaque formation, adhesion molecules, and features of plaque vulnerability. After 12 weeks of high-cholesterol diet, plaque formation in male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice was decreased by chronic inhibition of enzymatic PARP activity or genetic deletion of PARP1 by 46 or 51%, respectively (P < 0.05, n >or= 9). PARP inhibition or PARP1 deletion reduced PARP activity and diminished expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and P- and E-selectin. Furthermore, chronic PARP inhibition reduced plaque macrophage (CD68) and T-cell infiltration (CD3), increased fibrous cap thickness, and decreased necrotic core size and cell death (P < 0.05, n >or= 6). CONCLUSION Our data provide pharmacological and genetic evidence that endogenous PARP1 is required for atherogenesis in vivo by increasing adhesion molecules with endothelial activation, enhancing inflammation, and inducing features of plaque vulnerability. Thus, inhibition of PARP1 may represent a promising therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias von Lukowicz
- Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Pan X, Sun L, Ma W, Tang Y, Long C, Tian L, Liu N, Feng Z, Zheng J. Overactivation of poly(adenosine phosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 and molecular events in neuronal injury after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest: study in a rabbit model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 134:1227-33. [PMID: 17976454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although deep hypothermic circulatory arrest has been known to induce neuronal injury, the molecular mechanism of this damage has not been identified. We studied the key molecular mediators through cellular energy failure, excitotoxicity, and overactivation of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 in brain tissues of a rabbit model of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest similar to clinical settings. METHODS We established 2 models of cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 15) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (n = 15) associated with cerebral microdialysis in rabbits. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest lasted for 60 minutes. The measurements of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glutamate collected by means of microdialysis were quantified by using a microdialysis analyzer and high-performance liquid chromatography. The overactivation of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 was assessed by detecting immunostaining of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose). Histologic studies were used to identify neuronal morphologic changes and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling staining and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 Western blotting were used to identify apoptotic cells and early apoptotic signals. RESULTS Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest significantly increased the lactate/pyruvate and lactate/glucose ratios and the glutamate value, whereas cardiopulmonary bypass did not (P < .05). Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest significantly increased the numbers of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)-positive and apoptotic neurons compared with cardiopulmonary bypass (P < .05). The cleavage of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 was only found in the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group. More injured neurons were found in the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group (histologic scores, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that deep hypothermic circulatory arrest results in an overactivation of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1, and that there were molecular events consisting of cellular energy failure, excitotoxicity, overactivation of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1, and necrosis and/or apoptosis in neuronal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Aortic Surgery Center, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating occurrence that may result in short- and long-term complications. Oxidative stress (an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants) plays a critical role in the development of secondary injuries following TBI and, consequently, in patient outcomes. Secondary injuries resulting from oxidative stress produce DNA strand breaks that activate poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and produce another level of injury. PARP-1 functions as a DNA-damage sensor and signaling molecule. In response to the severe DNA damage after brain injury, PARP-1 becomes overactivated and depletes the cells' energy sources, which leads to cellular and neuronal death. Recently, PARP-1 inhibition has been studied in various animal models of brain injury with promising results. TBI treatments based on PARP-1 inhibition in humans are far from the clinical arena, although descriptive studies of PARP-1 activation in humans are beginning to emerge. Nurses should become involved in this area of collaborative research in human response to brain injury by helping design and implement safe and meaningful clinical trials.
Collapse
|
86
|
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2007; 33:600-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00068-007-7152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
87
|
Abstract
The process of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics and energy-dependent biochemical mechanisms. Apoptosis is considered a vital component of various processes including normal cell turnover, proper development and functioning of the immune system, hormone-dependent atrophy, embryonic development and chemical-induced cell death. Inappropriate apoptosis (either too little or too much) is a factor in many human conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic damage, autoimmune disorders and many types of cancer. The ability to modulate the life or death of a cell is recognized for its immense therapeutic potential. Therefore, research continues to focus on the elucidation and analysis of the cell cycle machinery and signaling pathways that control cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. To that end, the field of apoptosis research has been moving forward at an alarmingly rapid rate. Although many of the key apoptotic proteins have been identified, the molecular mechanisms of action or inaction of these proteins remain to be elucidated. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of current knowledge on the process of apoptosis including morphology, biochemistry, the role of apoptosis in health and disease, detection methods, as well as a discussion of potential alternative forms of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Elmore
- NIEHS, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Maldonado PD, Chánez-Cárdenas ME, Barrera D, Villeda-Hernández J, Santamaría A, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 is involved in the neuronal death induced by quinolinic acid in rats. Neurosci Lett 2007; 425:28-33. [PMID: 17723268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation leads to DNA damage in animals treated with quinolinic acid. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a protein involved in the DNA base excision repair system. Its overactivation promotes cellular energy deficit and necrosis. Here, we evaluated the effect of PJ-34, a potent inhibitor of PARP-1, on the neuronal damage induced by quinolinic acid. Animals were administered with PJ-34 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), 1 h before and 1 h after a striatal infusion of 1 microl of quinolinic acid (240 nmol). PJ-34 clearly attenuated the circling behavior produced by quinolinic acid and completely prevented the histological damage induced by the toxin. The protective effect of PJ-34 suggests that PARP-1 activation is playing an active role in the neuronal death induced by quinolinic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perla Deyanira Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, México, D.F. 14269, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Tentori L, Lacal PM, Muzi A, Dorio AS, Leonetti C, Scarsella M, Ruffini F, Xu W, Min W, Stoppacciaro A, Colarossi C, Wang ZQ, Zhang J, Graziani G. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition or PARP-1 gene deletion reduces angiogenesis. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:2124-33. [PMID: 17714938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 has recently been shown to promote tumour progression. Since angiogenesis is an essential requirement for tumour growth, we examined whether PARP inhibition/deletion might affect endothelial cell functions. To this end, the influence of PARP inhibitors on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation and angiogenesis in PARP-1 knock-out mice, using an in vivo matrigel plug assay, was investigated. The results indicated that the PARP inhibitor GPI 15427 (IC50 on endothelial PARP: 237 +/- 27 nM), at concentrations devoid of cytotoxic effects (0.5-1 microM), abrogated migration in response to vascular endothelial growth factor or placenta growth factor, hampered formation of tubule-like networks and impaired angiogenesis in vivo. The anti-angiogenic effect of the PARP inhibitor was confirmed in PARP-1 knock-out mice that displayed a defect of angiogenesis induced by growth factors. These results provide evidence for targeting PARP for anti-angiogenesis, adding novel therapeutic implications to the use of PARP inhibitors in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Tentori
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Abstract
The standard treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer remains surgical debulking and chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. However, the majority of patients relapse, and few, if any, achieve a cure. Future advancement in treatment should aim at targeting the biology of the disease, specifically mechanisms critical to tumor initiation and progression. Several Phase I and II clinical trials have identified novel opportunities for therapy. The most promising venues appear to be the antiangiogenic agents and the inhibitors of intracellular signaling. Novel modalities of delivering cytotoxics to tumor cells by exploiting ovarian cancer-specific biomarkers are also being tested, and appear promising. Immunomodulatory agents are being developed for consolidation therapy. Although devoid of the common side effects associated with chemotherapy, the use of targeted agents is associated with specific toxicities, related to the biological processes they block. The main challenge for future successful clinical development will be defining molecular markers predictive of response and judicious patient selection based on the biological features of the tumor. Individualized treatment driven by molecular characteristics will open the door to a new age in anticancer medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Matei
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Damia G, D'Incalci M. Targeting DNA repair as a promising approach in cancer therapy. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:1791-801. [PMID: 17588740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An increased DNA-repair activity in tumour cells has been associated with resistance to treatment to DNA-directed drugs, while defects in DNA repair pathways result in hypersensitivity to these agents. In the past years the unravelling of the molecular basis of these DNA pathways, with a better understanding of the DNA damage caused by different anticancer agents, has provided the rationale for the use of some DNA repair inhibitors to optimise the therapeutic use of DNA-damaging agents currently used in the treatment of tumours. In addition, the possibility to specifically target the differences in DNA repair capacity between normal and tumour cells has recently emerged as an exciting possibility. The present review will mainly cover those approaches that are currently under clinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Damia
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Eberle J, Fecker LF, Forschner T, Ulrich C, Röwert-Huber J, Stockfleth E. Apoptosis pathways as promising targets for skin cancer therapy. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156 Suppl 3:18-24. [PMID: 17488402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis pathways provide efficient safeguard mechanisms against cancer that are mediated via cell-intrinsic responses and immune-mediated extrinsic signals. Intrinsic pro-apoptotic pathways are largely controlled by p53 and Bcl-2 proteins, whereas the extrinsic induction of apoptosis is initiated by death ligands, such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), CD95L/FasL and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), or by granzyme B. Initiation of these pathways results in the induction of a caspase cascade leading to cell death. The inactivation of pro-apoptotic pathways is elementary for tumourigenesis and may be responsible for therapy resistance. Thus, apoptosis-based strategies represent important tools for the development of effective tumour therapies. The aim of these therapies is to restore p53 activity, downregulate anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins or NF-kappaB activity, and to upregulate extrinsic, death receptor-mediated pathways. The initial results of apoptosis-based strategies are proving promising. Also, topical treatments for actinic keratosis (AK), such as cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors (e.g. diclofenac 3% gel), have been shown to trigger pro-apoptotic pathways. There is hope that pro-apoptotic strategies will lead to pronounced therapeutic success against skin cancer. Importantly, the involvement of the different pro-apoptotic pathways in specific tumour types needs to be unravelled and understood in order to evaluate drug effectiveness, as well as to modify and optimise therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Eberle
- Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Tóth-Zsámboki E, Horváth E, Vargova K, Pankotai E, Murthy K, Zsengellér Z, Bárány T, Pék T, Fekete K, Kiss RG, Préda I, Lacza Z, Gerö D, Szabó C. Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by myocardial ischemia and coronary reperfusion in human circulating leukocytes. Mol Med 2007. [PMID: 17225870 DOI: 10.2119/2006-00055.toth-zsamboki] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive free radical and oxidant production leads to DNA damage during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Consequent overactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) promotes cellular energy deficit and necrosis. We hypothesized that PARP is activated in circulating leukocytes in patients with myocardial infarction and reperfusion during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In 15 patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, before and after primary PCI and 24 and 96 h later, we determined serum hydrogen peroxide concentrations, plasma levels of the oxidative DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), tyrosine nitration, PARP activation, and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in circulating leukocytes. Plasma 8OHdG levels and leukocyte tyrosine nitration were rapidly increased by PCI. Similarly, poly(ADP-ribose) content of the leukocytes increased in cells isolated just after PCI, indicating immediate PARP activation triggered by reperfusion of the myocardium. In contrast, serum hydrogen peroxide concentrations and the translocation of AIF gradually increased over time and were most pronounced at 96 h. Reperfusion-related oxidative/nitrosative stress triggers DNA damage, which leads to PARP activation in circulating leukocytes. Translocation of AIF and lipid peroxidation occurs at a later stage. These results represent the first direct demonstration of PARP activation in human myocardial infarction. Future work is required to test whether pharmacological inhibition of PARP may offer myocardial protection during primary PCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emese Tóth-Zsámboki
- Cardiovascular Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University & National Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Tóth-Zsámboki E, Horváth E, Vargova K, Pankotai E, Murthy K, Zsengellér Z, Bárány T, Pék T, Fekete K, Kiss RG, Préda I, Lacza Z, Gerö D, Szabó C. Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by myocardial ischemia and coronary reperfusion in human circulating leukocytes. MOLECULAR MEDICINE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2007; 12:221-8. [PMID: 17225870 PMCID: PMC1770007 DOI: 10.2119/2006–00055.toth-zsamboki] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reactive free radical and oxidant production leads to DNA damage during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Consequent overactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) promotes cellular energy deficit and necrosis. We hypothesized that PARP is activated in circulating leukocytes in patients with myocardial infarction and reperfusion during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In 15 patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, before and after primary PCI and 24 and 96 h later, we determined serum hydrogen peroxide concentrations, plasma levels of the oxidative DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), tyrosine nitration, PARP activation, and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in circulating leukocytes. Plasma 8OHdG levels and leukocyte tyrosine nitration were rapidly increased by PCI. Similarly, poly(ADP-ribose) content of the leukocytes increased in cells isolated just after PCI, indicating immediate PARP activation triggered by reperfusion of the myocardium. In contrast, serum hydrogen peroxide concentrations and the translocation of AIF gradually increased over time and were most pronounced at 96 h. Reperfusion-related oxidative/nitrosative stress triggers DNA damage, which leads to PARP activation in circulating leukocytes. Translocation of AIF and lipid peroxidation occurs at a later stage. These results represent the first direct demonstration of PARP activation in human myocardial infarction. Future work is required to test whether pharmacological inhibition of PARP may offer myocardial protection during primary PCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emese Tóth-Zsámboki
- Cardiovascular Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University & National Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Horváth
- Department of Human Physiology and Experimental Research, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
- CellScreen Applied Research Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katarina Vargova
- Cardiovascular Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University & National Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Pankotai
- Department of Human Physiology and Experimental Research, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Tamás Bárány
- Department of Human Physiology and Experimental Research, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Pék
- Department of Human Physiology and Experimental Research, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Fekete
- Department of Human Physiology and Experimental Research, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Gábor Kiss
- Cardiovascular Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University & National Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Préda
- Cardiovascular Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University & National Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Lacza
- Department of Human Physiology and Experimental Research, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Gerö
- CellScreen Applied Research Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabó
- CellScreen Applied Research Center, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of Newark, NJ, USA
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Csaba Szabo M.D., Ph.D., Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07103-2714 (phone: 973-972-5045; fax: 973-972-6803; e-mail:
)
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Radovits T, Seres L, Gero D, Berger I, Szabó C, Karck M, Szabó G. Single dose treatment with PARP-inhibitor INO-1001 improves aging-associated cardiac and vascular dysfunction. Exp Gerontol 2007; 42:676-85. [PMID: 17383839 PMCID: PMC2684519 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2007.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species in aging tissues has been implicated in the pathogenesis of aging-associated cardiovascular dysfunction. Oxidant-induced DNA-damage activates the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathway, leading to tissue injury. In this study we investigated the acute effects of the PARP inhibitor INO-1001 on aging-associated cardiac and endothelial dysfunction. Using a pressure-volume conductance catheter, left ventricular pressure-volume analysis of young and aging rats was performed before and after a single injection of INO-1001. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation of isolated aortic rings were investigated by using acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Aging animals showed a marked reduction of myocardial contractility and endothelium-dependent relaxant responsiveness of aortic rings. Single dose INO-1001-treatment resulted in acute improvement in their cardiac and endothelial function. Immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine and poly(ADP-ribose) confirmed enhanced nitro-oxidative stress and PARP-activation in aging animals. Acute treatment with INO-1001 decreased PARP-activation, but did not affect nitrotyrosine-immunoreactivity. Our results demonstrate that the aging-associated chronic cardiovascular dysfunction can be improved, at least, short term, by a single treatment course with a PARP-inhibitor, supporting the role of the nitro-oxidative stress -- PARP -- pathway in the age-related functional decline of the cardiovascular system. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP may represent a novel therapeutic utility to improve aging-associated cardiovascular dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Radovits
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326 OG 2, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Kasper B, D'Hondt V, Vereecken P, Awada A. Novel treatment strategies for malignant melanoma: a new beginning? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007; 62:16-22. [PMID: 17208006 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2006.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most common cancer types among the Caucasian population. While the prognosis is excellent for patients diagnosed at an early stage and treated by adequate surgery, unresectable or advanced metastatic diseases shrink the overall survival at 5 years dramatically to less than 10%. For disseminated malignant melanoma, the appropriate systemic medical treatment is still controversial. Fortunately, progress in the molecular biology and in the understanding of pathogenesis has been made recently and should in the near future translate into molecular-based therapeutic strategies. In this review, we briefly describe the status of current treatment strategies and existing standards for malignant melanoma. We will focus on the new and emerging compounds including recent developments of targeted therapy such as antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory drugs, Bcl-2 antisense therapy, raf kinase inhibitors, heat shock protein modulators, anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 monoclonal antibody and finally PARP and proteasome inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kasper
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Boulevard de Waterloo 125, Brussels 1000, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Wacker DA, Frizzell KM, Zhang T, Kraus WL. Regulation of chromatin structure and chromatin-dependent transcription by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1: possible targets for drug-based therapies. Subcell Biochem 2007; 41:45-69. [PMID: 17484123 DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-5466-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the prototypical and most abundantly expressed member of a family of PARPs that catalyze the polymerization of ADP-ribose (ADPR) units from donor NAD' molecules on target proteins. PARP-1 plays roles in a variety of genomic processes, including the regulation of chromatin structure and transcription in response to specific cellular signals. PARP-1 also plays important roles in many stress-induced disease states. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular aspects of PARP-1's chromatin-modulating activities, as well as the impact that these chromatin-modulating activities have on the regulation of gene expression. In addition, we highlight the potential therapeutic use of drugs that target PARP-1's enzymatic activity for the treatment of human diseases
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Wacker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 465 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Pacher P, Szabó C. Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) in cardiovascular diseases: the therapeutic potential of PARP inhibitors. CARDIOVASCULAR DRUG REVIEWS 2007; 25:235-60. [PMID: 17919258 PMCID: PMC2225457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2007.00018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are generated in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, various forms of heart failure or cardiomyopathies, circulatory shock, cardiovascular aging, diabetic complications, myocardial hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, and vascular remodeling following injury. These reactive species induce oxidative DNA damage and consequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), the most abundant isoform of the PARP enzyme family. PARP overactivation, on the one hand, depletes its substrate, NAD+, slowing the rate of glycolysis, electron transport, and ATP formation, eventually leading to the functional impairment or death of the endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, PARP activation modulates important inflammatory pathways, and PARP-1 activity can also be modulated by several endogenous factors such as various kinases, purines, vitamin D, thyroid hormones, polyamines, and estrogens, just to mention a few. Recent studies have demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of PARP provides significant benefits in animal models of cardiovascular disorders, and novel PARP inhibitors have entered clinical development for various cardiovascular indications. Because PARP inhibitors can enhance the effect of anticancer drugs and decrease angiogenesis, their therapeutic potential is also being explored for cancer treatment. This review discusses the therapeutic effects of PARP inhibitors in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, various forms of heart failure, cardiomyopathies, circulatory shock, cardiovascular aging, diabetic cardiovascular complications, myocardial hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, vascular remodeling following injury, angiogenesis, and also summarizes our knowledge obtained from the use of PARP-1 knockout mice in the various preclinical models of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pál Pacher
- Section on Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health, NIAAA, Bethesda MD 20892-9413, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Belenky P, Bogan KL, Brenner C. NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2006; 32:12-9. [PMID: 17161604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 692] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is both a coenzyme for hydride-transfer enzymes and a substrate for NAD(+)-consuming enzymes, which include ADP-ribose transferases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, cADP-ribose synthases and sirtuins. Recent results establish protective roles for NAD(+) that might be applicable therapeutically to prevent neurodegenerative conditions and to fight Candida glabrata infection. In addition, the contribution that NAD(+) metabolism makes to lifespan extension in model systems indicates that therapies to boost NAD(+) might promote some of the beneficial effects of calorie restriction. Nicotinamide riboside, the recently discovered nucleoside precursor of NAD(+) in eukaryotic systems, might have advantages as a therapy to elevate NAD(+) without inhibiting sirtuins, which is associated with high-dose nicotinamide, or incurring the unpleasant side-effects of high-dose nicotinic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Belenky
- Departments of Genetics and of Biochemistry and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Culmsee C, Krieglstein J. Emerging pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddstr.2006.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|