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Belila A, Abbas B, Fazaa I, Saidi N, Snoussi M, Hassen A, Muyzer G. Sulfur bacteria in wastewater stabilization ponds periodically affected by the 'red-water' phenomenon. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:379-94. [PMID: 22354366 PMCID: PMC3536956 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several wastewater stabilization ponds (WSP) in Tunisia suffer periodically from the ‘red-water’ phenomenon due to blooming of purple sulfur bacteria, indicating that sulfur cycle is one of the main element cycles in these ponds. In this study, we investigated the microbial diversity of the El Menzeh WSP and focused in particular on the different functional groups of sulfur bacteria. For this purpose, we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified fragments of the 16S rRNA gene and of different functional genes involved in microbial sulfur metabolism (dsrB, aprA, and pufM). Analyses of the 16S rRNA revealed a relatively high microbial diversity where Proteobacteria, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria constitute the major bacterial groups. The dsrB and aprA gene analysis revealed the presence of deltaproteobacterial sulfate-reducing bacteria (i.e., Desulfobacter and Desulfobulbus), while the analysis of 16S rRNA, aprA, and pufM genes assigned the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria community to the photosynthetic representatives belonging to the Chlorobi (green sulfur bacteria) and the Proteobacteria (purple sulfur and non sulfur bacteria) phyla. These results point on the diversity of the metabolic processes within this wastewater plant and/or the availability of sulfate and diverse electron donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Belila
- Water Treatment and Reuse Laboratory, Water Researches and Technologies Centre of Bordj-Cedria, BP. 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Ben Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, NL-2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Imed Fazaa
- Water Treatment and Reuse Laboratory, Water Researches and Technologies Centre of Bordj-Cedria, BP. 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Neila Saidi
- Water Treatment and Reuse Laboratory, Water Researches and Technologies Centre of Bordj-Cedria, BP. 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Water Treatment and Reuse Laboratory, Water Researches and Technologies Centre of Bordj-Cedria, BP. 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Abdennaceur Hassen
- Water Treatment and Reuse Laboratory, Water Researches and Technologies Centre of Bordj-Cedria, BP. 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Gerard Muyzer
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, NL-2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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52
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Gleason FH, Crawford JW, Neuhauser S, Henderson LE, Lilje O. Resource seeking strategies of zoosporic true fungi in heterogeneous soil habitats at the microscale level. SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 45:79-88. [PMID: 22308003 PMCID: PMC3261367 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Zoosporic true fungi have frequently been identified in samples from soil and freshwater ecosystems using baiting and molecular techniques. In fact some species can be components of the dominant groups of microorganisms in particular soil habitats. Yet these microorganisms have not yet been directly observed growing in soil ecosystems. Significant physical characteristics and features of the three-dimensional structures of soils which impact microorganisms at the microscale level are discussed. A thorough knowledge of soil structures is important for studying the distribution of assemblages of these fungi and understanding their ecological roles along spatial and temporal gradients. A number of specific adaptations and resource seeking strategies possibly give these fungi advantages over other groups of microorganisms in soil ecosystems. These include chemotactic zoospores, mechanisms for adhesion to substrates, rhizoids which can penetrate substrates in small spaces, structures which are resistant to environmental extremes, rapid growth rates and simple nutritional requirements. These adaptations are discussed in the context of the characteristics of soils ecosystems. Recent advances in instrumentation have led to the development of new and more precise methods for studying microorganisms in three-dimensional space. New molecular techniques have made identification of microbes possible in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H. Gleason
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - John W. Crawford
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sigrid Neuhauser
- Institute of Microbiology, Leopold Franzens–University Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Linda E. Henderson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Osu Lilje
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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53
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Liu Z, Huang S, Sun G, Xu Z, Xu M. Phylogenetic diversity, composition and distribution of bacterioplankton community in the Dongjiang River, China. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 80:30-44. [PMID: 22133045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterioplankton community compositions in the Dongjiang River were characterized using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA gene clone library construction. Water samples in nine different sites were taken along the mainstem and three tributaries. In total, 24 bands from DGGE gels and 406 clones from the libraries were selected and sequenced, subsequently analyzed for the bacterial diversity and composition of those microbial communities. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from freshwater bacteria exhibited board phylogenetic diversity, including sequences representing the Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Verrucomicrobia, and candidate division TM7. Members of Betaproteobacteria group were the most dominant in all sampling sites, followed by Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. DGGE profiles and the ∫-LIBSHUFF analysis revealed similar patterns of bacterial diversity among most sampling sites, while spatial distribution variances existed in all sites along the river basin. Statistical analysis showed that bacterial species distribution strongly correlated with environmental variables, such as nitrate and ammonia, suggesting that nitrogen nutrients may shape the microbial community structure and composition in the Dongjiang River. This study had important implications for the comparison with other rivers elsewhere and contributed to the growing data set on the factors that structure bacterial communities in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
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54
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Yu L, Peng D, Ren Y. Protozoan predation on nitrification performance and microbial community during bioaugmentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:10855-10860. [PMID: 21983411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of predation on nitrification performance and microbial community during bioaugmentation were investigated. Although most of the nitrification ability of the seed source was lost in the seeded reactors, bioaugmentation significantly enhanced the activity and community of the nitrifiers. The ammonium uptake rate (AUR) increased from 2.59 to 15.25 mg NH4+-N/Lh and 2.88 to 13.36 mg NH4+-N/Lh, and the nitrite uptake rate (NUR) increased from 0.80 to 4.02 mg NO2--N/Lh and 0.76 to 4.34 mg NO2--N/Lh for the reactors with and without protozoa inhibition, respectively. The population of nitrifiers increased, and the dominant nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) transferred from Nitrospira to Nitrobacter. Predation had an evident influence on the microbial community of nitrifiers, especially the K-strategist, which was more vulnerable to predation than r-strategist during bioaugmentation due to its low growth rate. However, predation did not have a significant effect on the nitrification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yu
- Key Lab of Water Resources, Environment and Ecology in Northwest China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
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55
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Yang Q, Angly FE, Wang Z, Zhang H. Wastewater treatment systems harbor specific and diverse yeast communities. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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56
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Characterization of the Microbial Community in a Partial Nitrifying Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor. Curr Microbiol 2011; 63:543-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-0019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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57
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Li RY, Zhang T, Fang HHP. Application of molecular techniques on heterotrophic hydrogen production research. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8445-8456. [PMID: 21398117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the application of molecular techniques in heterotrophic hydrogen production studies. Commonly used molecular techniques are introduced briefly first, including cloning-sequencing after polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative real-time PCR. Application of the molecular techniques in heterotrophic hydrogen production studies are discussed in details, focusing on identification of new isolates for hydrogen production, characterization of microbial compositions in bioreactors, monitoring microbial diversity variation, visualization of microbial distribution in hydrogen-producing granular sludge, and quantification of various microbial populations. Some significant findings in recent hydrogen production studies with the application of molecular techniques are discussed, followed by a research outlook of the heterotrophic biohydrogen field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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58
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Effects of substrate composition on the structure of microbial communities in wastewater using fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Syst Appl Microbiol 2011; 34:337-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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59
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Variations in methanogenic population structure under overloading of pre-acidified high-strength organic wastewaters. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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60
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Luo G, Karakashev D, Xie L, Zhou Q, Angelidaki I. Long-term effect of inoculum pretreatment on fermentative hydrogen production by repeated batch cultivations: Homoacetogenesis and methanogenesis as competitors to hydrogen production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1816-27. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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61
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Zhang B, Ji M, Qiu Z, Liu H, Wang J, Li J. Microbial population dynamics during sludge granulation in an anaerobic-aerobic biological phosphorus removal system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2474-2480. [PMID: 21123057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of a microbial community was investigated during sludge granulation using a wide range of micro-scale and molecular biology techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that polyphosphate-accumulating granules were successfully cultured during the anaerobic/aerobic cycle. Improvement in sludge sedimentation performance occurred prior to the formation of granular sludge and was not affected by change in granule size. Rod-shaped and filamentous bacteria appeared to initiate granule formation and generate the structures that supported further granule growth. It was observed that mature granules supported microbial populations that differed from nascent granules and were predominantly packed with coccoid bacteria. It was further observed that the diversity of the granular microbial community increased as the granules grew. Accumulibacter, Nitrosospira and Thauera were mainly responsible for nutrient removal while microorganisms such as Rhodocyclus and Hyphomicrobiaceae appeared to be primarily responsible for forming and maintaining the granule structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, PR China
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62
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Changes in composition and microbial communities in excess sludge after heat-alkaline treatment and acclimation. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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63
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Xia S, Duan L, Song Y, Li J, Piceno YM, Andersen GL, Alvarez-Cohen L, Moreno-Andrade I, Huang CL, Hermanowicz SW. Bacterial community structure in geographically distributed biological wastewater treatment reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:7391-7396. [PMID: 20812670 DOI: 10.1021/es101554m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge of the microbial communities within biological wastewater treatment reactors is incomplete due to limitations of traditional culture-based techniques and despite the emergence of recently applied molecular techniques. Here we demonstrate the application of high-density microarrays targeting universal 16S rRNA genes to evaluate microbial community composition in five biological wastewater treatment reactors in China and the United States. Results suggest a surprisingly consistent composition of microbial community structure among all five reactors. All investigated communities contained a core of bacterial phyla (53-82% of 2119 taxa identified) with almost identical compositions (as determined by colinearity analysis). These core species were distributed widely in terms of abundance but their proportions were virtually the same in all samples. Proteobacteria was the largest phylum and Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes were the subdominant phyla. The diversity among the samples can be attributed solely to a group of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were detected only in specific samples. Typically, these organisms ranked somewhat lower in terms of abundance but a few were present is much higher proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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64
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Fu B, Liao X, Liang R, Ding L, Xu K, Ren H. COD removal from expanded granular sludge bed effluent using a moving bed biofilm reactor and their microbial community analysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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65
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Maestre JP, Rovira R, Alvarez-Hornos FJ, Fortuny M, Lafuente J, Gamisans X, Gabriel D. Bacterial community analysis of a gas-phase biotrickling filter for biogas mimics desulfurization through the rRNA approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:872-880. [PMID: 20554311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial composition of a lab-scale biotrickling filter (BTF) treating high loads of H(2)S was investigated by the rRNA approach. Two 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were established 42 and 189 d after reactor startup, while fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes was performed throughout 260d of reactor operation. Diversity, community structure and metamorphosis were studied from reactor startup to fully-established pseudo-steady state operation at near neutral pH and at an inlet H(2)S concentration of 2000 ppmv (load of 55.6g H(2)S m(-3)h(-1)). In addition, FISH was used for assessing the spatial distribution of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) along the length of the reactor under pseudo-steady state operation. A major shift in the diversity of the community was observed with the operating time, from a well-diverse community at startup to pseudo-steady state operation with a majority of retrieved sequences affiliated to SOB of the sulfur cycle including Thiothrix spp., Thiobacillus spp., and Sulfurimonas denitrificans. Although aerobic species were predominant along the BTF, a vertical stratification was encountered, in which facultative anaerobes had a major relative abundance in the inlet part of the BTF, where the sulfide to oxygen ratio was higher. The observed changes were related to the trophic properties of the community, the DO concentration, the accumulation of elemental sulfur and the operation at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Maestre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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66
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Fu B, Liao X, Ding L, Ren H. Characterization of microbial community in an aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor applied for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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67
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Bacardit J, Sans C, Seminago R, Esplugas S. Characterization and Control Strategies of an Integrated Chemical−Biological System for the Remediation of Toxic Pollutants in Wastewater: A Case of Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901642u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bacardit
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Unitat de Genòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sans
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Unitat de Genòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Seminago
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Unitat de Genòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Esplugas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Unitat de Genòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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68
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Wojnowska-Baryła I, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Zielińska M. The application of molecular techniques to the study of wastewater treatment systems. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 599:157-183. [PMID: 19882286 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-439-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment systems tend to be engineered to select for a few functional microbial groups that may be organized in various spatial structures such as activated sludge flocs, biofilm or granules and represented by single coherent phylogenic groups such as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO). In order to monitor and control engineered microbial structure in wastewater treatment systems, it is necessary to understand the relationships between the microbial community structure and the process performance. This review focuses on bacterial communities in wastewater treatment processes, the quantity of microorganisms and structure of microbial consortia in wastewater treatment bioreactors. The review shows that the application of molecular techniques in studies of engineered environmental systems has increased our insight into the vast diversity and interaction of microorganisms present in wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Sloneczna, Poland
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69
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Wang X, Wen X, Criddle C, Wells G, Zhang J, Zhao Y. Community analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge of eight wastewater treatment systems. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:627-634. [PMID: 20617742 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in activated sludge collected from eight wastewater treatment systems using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), cloning, and sequencing of the alpha-subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA). The T-RFLP fingerprint analyses showed that different wastewater treatment systems harbored distinct AOB communities. However, there was no remarkable difference among the AOB T-RFLP profiles from different parts of the same system. The T-RFLP fingerprints showed that a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) contained a larger number of dominant AOB species than a pilot-scale reactor. The source of influent affected the AOB community, and the WWTPs treating domestic wastewater contained a higher AOB diversity than those receiving mixed domestic and industrial wastewater. However, the AOB community structure was little affected by the treatment process in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of the cloned amoA genes clearly indicated that all the dominant AOB in the systems was closely related to Nitrosomonas spp. not to Nitrosospira spp. Members of the Nitrosomonas oligotropha and Nitrosomonas communis clusters were found in all samples, while members of Nitrosomonas europaea cluster occurred in some systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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70
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71
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Estimation of dominant microbial population sizes in the anaerobic granular sludge of a full-scale UASB treating streptomycin wastewater by PCR-DGGE. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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72
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Xing W, Zuo JE, Dai N, Cheng J, Li J. Reactor performance and microbial community of an EGSB reactor operated at 20 and 15°C. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:848-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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73
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Ramirez I, Volcke EIP, Rajinikanth R, Steyer JP. Modeling microbial diversity in anaerobic digestion through an extended ADM1 model. WATER RESEARCH 2009; 43:2787-2800. [PMID: 19427012 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 03/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion process comprises a whole network of sequential and parallel reactions, of both biochemical and physicochemical nature. Mathematical models, aiming at understanding and optimization of the anaerobic digestion process, describe these reactions in a structured way, the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) being the most well established example. While these models distinguish between different microorganisms involved in different reactions, to our knowledge they all neglect species diversity between organisms with the same function, i.e. performing the same reaction. Nevertheless, available experimental evidence suggests that the structure and properties of a microbial community may be influenced by process operation and on their turn also determine the reactor functioning. In order to adequately describe these phenomena, mathematical models need to consider the underlying microbial diversity. This is demonstrated in this contribution by extending the ADM1 to describe microbial diversity between organisms of the same functional group. The resulting model has been compared with the traditional ADM1 in describing experimental data of a pilot-scale hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Filter Bed (UASFB) reactor, as well as in a more detailed simulation study. The presented model is further shown useful in assessing the relationship between reactor performance and microbial community structure in mesophilic CSTRs seeded with slaughterhouse wastewater when facing increasing levels of ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ramirez
- INRA, UR50, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France; Department of Automation, University of Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
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74
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Montero B, García-Morales JL, Sales D, Solera R. Analysis of methanogenic activity in a thermophilic-dry anaerobic reactor: use of fluorescent in situ hybridization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 29:1144-51. [PMID: 18951008 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Methanogenic activity in a thermophilic-dry anaerobic reactor was determined by comparing the amount of methane generated for each of the organic loading rates with the size of the total and specific methanogenic population, as determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization. A high correlation was evident between the total methanogenic activity and retention time [-0.6988Ln(x)+2.667] (R(2) 0.8866). The total methanogenic activity increased from 0.04x10(-8) mLCH(4) cell(-1)day(-1) to 0.38x10(-8) mLCH(4) cell(-1)day(-1) while the retention time decreased, augmenting the organic loading rates. The specific methanogenic activities of H(2)-utilizing methanogens and acetate-utilizing methanogens increased until they stabilised at 0.64x10(-8) mLCH(4) cell(-1)day(-1) and 0.33x10(-8) mLCH(4) cell(-1)day(-1), respectively. The methanogenic activity of H(2)-utilizing methanogens was higher than acetate-utilizing methanogens, indicating that maintaining a low partial pressure of hydrogen does not inhibit the acetoclastic methanogenesis or the anaerobic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Montero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Food and Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510-Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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Cerqueira L, Azevedo NF, Almeida C, Jardim T, Keevil CW, Vieira MJ. DNA mimics for the rapid identification of microorganisms by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:1944-60. [PMID: 19325728 PMCID: PMC2635612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a well-established technique that is used for a variety of purposes, ranging from pathogen detection in clinical diagnostics to the determination of chromosomal stability in stem cell research. The key step of FISH involves the detection of a nucleic acid region and as such, DNA molecules have typically been used to probe for the sequences of interest. However, since the turn of the century, an increasing number of laboratories have started to move on to the more robust DNA mimics methods, most notably peptide and locked nucleic acids (PNA and LNA). In this review, we will cover the state-of-the-art of the different DNA mimics in regard to their application as efficient markers for the presence of individual microbial cells, and consider their potential advantages and pitfalls. Available PNA probes are then reassessed in terms of sensitivity and specificity using rRNA databases. In addition, we also attempt to predict the applicability of DNA mimics in well-known techniques attempting to detect in situ low number of copies of specific nucleic acid sequences such as catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) and recognition of individual genes (RING) FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cerqueira
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. E-Mails:
(L. C.);
(C. A.);
(T. J.);
(M. V.)
| | - Nuno F. Azevedo
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. E-Mails:
(L. C.);
(C. A.);
(T. J.);
(M. V.)
- Environmental Healthcare Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK. E-Mail:
(N. A.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel. +351-253605413; Fax: +351-253678986
| | - Carina Almeida
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. E-Mails:
(L. C.);
(C. A.);
(T. J.);
(M. V.)
- Environmental Healthcare Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK. E-Mail:
(N. A.)
| | - Tatiana Jardim
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. E-Mails:
(L. C.);
(C. A.);
(T. J.);
(M. V.)
| | - Charles William Keevil
- Environmental Healthcare Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK. E-Mail:
(N. A.)
| | - Maria J. Vieira
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. E-Mails:
(L. C.);
(C. A.);
(T. J.);
(M. V.)
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77
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Fernández N, Díaz EE, Amils R, Sanz JL. Analysis of microbial community during biofilm development in an anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2008; 56:121-132. [PMID: 18034358 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-007-9330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The formation, structure, and biodiversity of a multispecies anaerobic biofilm inside an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactor fed with brewery wastewater was examined using complementary microbial ecology methods such us fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and cloning. The biofilm development can be roughly divided into three stages: an initial attachment phase (0-36 h) characterized by random adhesion of the cells to the surface; a consolidation phase (from 36 h to 2 weeks) defined by the appearance of microcolonies; and maturation phase (from 2 weeks to 2 months). During the consolidation period, proteobacteria with broad metabolic capabilities, mainly represented by members of alpha-Proteobacteria class (Oleomonas, Azospirillum), predominated. Beta-, gamma-, delta- (both syntrophobacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria) and epsilon- (Arcobacter sp.) Proteobacteria were also noticeable. Archaea first appeared during the consolidation period. A Methanospirillum-like methanogen was detected after 36 h, and this was followed by the detection of Methanosarcina, after 4 days of biofilm development. The mature biofilm displayed a hill and valley topography with cells embedded in a matrix of exopolymers where the spatial distribution of the microorganisms became well-established. Compared to the earlier phases, the biodiversity had greatly increased. Although alpha-Proteobacteria remained as predominant, members of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidete, and Thermotogae were also detected. Within the domain Archaea, the acetoclastic methanogen Methanosaeta concilii become dominant. This study provides insights on the trophic web and the shifts in population during biofilm development in an UASB reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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78
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Talbot G, Topp E, Palin MF, Massé DI. Evaluation of molecular methods used for establishing the interactions and functions of microorganisms in anaerobic bioreactors. WATER RESEARCH 2008; 42:513-37. [PMID: 17719078 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular techniques have unveiled the complexity of the microbial consortium in anaerobic bioreactors and revealed the presence of several uncultivated species. This paper presents a review of the panoply of classical and recent molecular approaches and multivariate analyses that have been, or might be used to establish the interactions and functions of these anaerobic microorganisms. Most of the molecular approaches used so far are based on the analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA but recent studies also use quantification of functional gene expressions. There are now several studies that have developed quantitative real-time PCR assays to investigate methanogens. With a view to improving the stability and performance of bioreactors, monitoring with molecular methods is also discussed. Advances in metagenomics and proteomics will lead to the development of promising lab-on chip technologies for cost-effective monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Talbot
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 0C8.
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79
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Malik S, Beer M, Megharaj M, Naidu R. The use of molecular techniques to characterize the microbial communities in contaminated soil and water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2008; 34:265-276. [PMID: 18083233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the identification and characterization of microbial communities in contaminated soil and water has previously been limited to those microorganisms that are culturable. The application of molecular techniques to study microbial populations at contaminated sites without the need for culturing has led to the discovery of unique and previously unrecognized microorganisms as well as complex microbial diversity in contaminated soil and water which shows an exciting opportunity for bioremediation strategies. Nucleic acid extraction from contaminated sites and their subsequent amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proved extremely useful in assessing the changes in microbial community structure by several microbial community profiling techniques. This review examines the current application of molecular techniques for the characterization of microbial communities in contaminated soil and water. Techniques that identify and quantify microbial population and catabolic genes involved in biodegradation are examined. In addition, methods that directly link microbial phylogeny to its ecological function at contaminated sites as well as high throughput methods for complex microbial community studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidu Malik
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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80
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Fernández N, Sierra-Alvarez R, Field JA, Amils R, Sanz JL. Microbial community dynamics in a chemolithotrophic denitrification reactor inoculated with methanogenic granular sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 70:462-74. [PMID: 17689587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification is applied in the tertiary treatment of wastewater to reduce nitrogen pollution. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD)-FISH, cloning, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to follow the evolution of the microbial composition and structure of granular sludge in chemolithotrophic denitrifying bioreactors fed with nitrate and thiosulfate. FISH oligonucleotide probes for the chemolitoautotrophic denitrifiers Thiobacillus denitrificans and Thiomicrospira denitrificans were designed and their utility tested. CARD-FISH and cloning data showed that bacterial diversity in the biofilms changed during the reactor operation. Chemoorganotrophic fermentative Gram-positive strains in the phyla, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, were dominant in the methanogenic inoculum, both in terms of biodiversity and in number. Other significant phyla were Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi. After 6 months of operation, Proteobacteria became dominant (83% of the clones). The diversity of Gram-positive bacteria was partially maintained although their abundance decreased notably. After 110 d of operation, the abundance of Tb. denitrificans cells increased considerably, from 1% to 35% of total DAPI-stained cells and from no isolated clones to 15% of the total clones. Tm. denitrificans only represented a minor fraction of the microorganisms in the sludge (1-4% of the DAPI-stained cells). These findings confirm that Tb. denitrificans was the dominant chemolitoautotrophic denitrifying microorganism in the bioreactors. The Archaeal diversity remained almost unchanged and it was represented mostly by Methanosaeta soehngenii. SEM results indicated a considerable loss in the integrity of the sludge granules during the operation, with risk of sludge buoyancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Fernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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81
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Malin C, Illmer P. Ability of DNA content and DGGE analysis to reflect the performance condition of an anaerobic biowaste fermenter. Microbiol Res 2007; 163:503-11. [PMID: 17765499 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular-microbiological techniques have delivered insight into microbial populations present in anaerobic fermenters, although much information still remains to be elucidated. In this study, the ability of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to throw light on microbial community composition was investigated and latter data were compared with the gas production of a 750,000l anaerobic biogas fermenter. During 1 year, samples were taken from two different sites of the reactor and additionally from the substrate material. After DNA extraction and PCR with archaeal and bacterial primers, PCR products were run on denaturing gradient gels to compare band patterns. Using gel-imaging software (GelComparII), two major clusters could be identified. Dominant bands were excised from the gels, reamplified and sequenced. Most sequences were closely related to Lactobacilli and yet uncultured microorganisms. DNA content of all samples was significantly correlated with the gas production measured online. We concluded that PCR and subsequent DGGE are useful to monitor community shifts in anaerobic fermenter sludge. However, as these changes are not readily detectable via DGGE-pattern analysis, alternative factors influencing the fermenter functioning should be found and investigated. So far DNA-content measurement seems to be a good parameter to quickly determine anaerobic fermenter condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Malin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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