51
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Niculite CM, Enciu AM, Hinescu ME. CD 36: Focus on Epigenetic and Post-Transcriptional Regulation. Front Genet 2019; 10:680. [PMID: 31379931 PMCID: PMC6659770 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD36 is a transmembrane protein involved in fatty acid translocation, scavenging for oxidized fatty acids acting as a receptor for adhesion molecules. It is expressed on macrophages, as well as other types of cells, such as endothelial and adipose cells. CD36 participates in muscle lipid uptake, adipose energy storage, and gut fat absorption. Recently, several preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated that upregulation of CD36 is a prerequisite for tumor metastasis. Cancer metastasis-related research emerged much later and has been less investigated, though it is equally or even more important. CD36 protein expression can be modified by epigenetic changes and post-transcriptional interference from non-coding RNAs. Some data indicate modulation of CD36 expression in specific cell types by epigenetic changes via DNA methylation patterns or histone tails, or through miRNA interference, but this is largely unexplored. The few papers addressing this topic refer mostly to lipid metabolism-related pathologies, whereas in cancer research, data are even more scarce. The aim of this review was to summarize major epigenetic and post-transcriptional mechanisms that impact CD36 expression in relation to various pathologies while highlighting the areas in need of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina-Mariana Niculite
- Cell Biology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Cell Biology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail Eugen Hinescu
- Cell Biology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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52
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Wang J, Li Y. CD36 tango in cancer: signaling pathways and functions. Theranostics 2019; 9:4893-4908. [PMID: 31410189 PMCID: PMC6691380 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD36, a scavenger receptor expressed in multiple cell types, mediates lipid uptake, immunological recognition, inflammation, molecular adhesion, and apoptosis. CD36 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that contains several posttranslational modification sites and binds to diverse ligands, including apoptotic cells, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and fatty acids (FAs). Beyond fueling tumor metastasis and therapy resistance by enhancing lipid uptake and FA oxidation, CD36 attenuates angiogenesis by binding to TSP-1 and thereby inducing apoptosis or blocking the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 pathway in tumor microvascular endothelial cells. Moreover, CD36-driven lipid metabolic reprogramming and functions in tumor-associated immune cells lead to tumor immune tolerance and cancer development. Notable advances have been made in demonstrating the regulatory networks that govern distinct physiological properties of CD36, and this has identified targeting CD36 as a potential strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we provide an overview on the structure, regulation, ligands, functions, and clinical trials of CD36 in cancer.
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53
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- 1 Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Hubei University of Medicine Renmin Hospital Shiyan China.,2 Center for Translational Medicine Hubei University of Medicine Renmin Hospital Shiyan China
| | - Jian Fu
- 1 Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Hubei University of Medicine Renmin Hospital Shiyan China.,2 Center for Translational Medicine Hubei University of Medicine Renmin Hospital Shiyan China
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54
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Yang M, Silverstein RL. CD36 signaling in vascular redox stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 136:159-171. [PMID: 30825500 PMCID: PMC6488418 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor CD36 is a multifunctional membrane protein that promotes thrombosis in conditions of oxidative stress such as metabolic disorders including dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and chronic inflammation. In these conditions, specific reactive oxidant species are generated that are context and cell dependent. In the vasculature, CD36 signaling in smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells promotes generation of reactive oxygen species, genetic downregulation of antioxidant genes, and impaired smooth muscle and endothelial function. In hematopoietic cells, CD36 signaling enhances platelet dysfunction thus decreasing the threshold for platelet activation and accelerating arterial thrombosis, whereas in macrophages, CD36 promotes lipid-laden foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. These clinically significant processes are mediated through complex redox regulated signaling mechanisms that include Src-family kinases, MAP kinases and other downstream effectors. We provide an overview of CD36 signaling in vascular redox stress highlighting the role in oxidant generation in vascular and hematopoietic cells, but with special emphasis on platelets and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moua Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Roy L Silverstein
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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55
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Pichavaram P, Mani AM, Singh NK, Rao GN. Cholesterol crystals promote endothelial cell and monocyte interactions via H 2O 2-mediated PP2A inhibition, NFκB activation and ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101180. [PMID: 31022672 PMCID: PMC6477634 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we show that cholesterol crystals induce NFκB activation, and ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression via xanthine oxidase-mediated H2O2 production and PP2A inhibition in influencing endothelial cell and monocyte interactions and all these adverse effects of cholesterol crystals could be attenuated by proresolving lipid mediator RvD1. In addition, feeding mice with cholesterol rich diet (CRD) increased xanthine oxidase expression, its activity and H2O2 production leading to PP2A inhibition, NFκB activation, and ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression and RvD1 attenuated all these effects of CRD substantially. Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from wild type mice when injected into mice that were fed with CRD or RvD1 + CRD showed increased leukocyte trafficking to arteries of CRD-fed mice as compared to RvD1 + CRD mice. These findings suggest that cholesterol crystals via promoting oxidant stress and inhibiting Ser/Thr phosphatases such as PP2A stimulate NFκB activation and ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression, and thereby enhance EC-monocyte interactions. In addition, proresolving lipid mediators such as RvD1 appear to exert their anti-inflammatory effects via countering the adverse effects of cholesterol crystals or CRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prahalathan Pichavaram
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arul M Mani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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56
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Xu S, Kamato D, Little PJ, Nakagawa S, Pelisek J, Jin ZG. Targeting epigenetics and non-coding RNAs in atherosclerosis: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 196:15-43. [PMID: 30439455 PMCID: PMC6450782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the principal cause of cardiovascular death worldwide, is a pathological disease characterized by fibro-proliferation, chronic inflammation, lipid accumulation, and immune disorder in the vessel wall. As the atheromatous plaques develop into advanced stage, the vulnerable plaques are prone to rupture, which causes acute cardiovascular events, including ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Emerging evidence has suggested that atherosclerosis is also an epigenetic disease with the interplay of multiple epigenetic mechanisms. The epigenetic basis of atherosclerosis has transformed our knowledge of epigenetics from an important biological phenomenon to a burgeoning field in cardiovascular research. Here, we provide a systematic and up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of three distinct but interrelated epigenetic processes (including DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and non-coding RNAs), in atherosclerotic plaque development and instability. Mechanistic and conceptual advances in understanding the biological roles of various epigenetic modifiers in regulating gene expression and functions of endothelial cells (vascular homeostasis, leukocyte adhesion, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and mechanotransduction), smooth muscle cells (proliferation, migration, inflammation, hypertrophy, and phenotypic switch), and macrophages (differentiation, inflammation, foam cell formation, and polarization) are discussed. The inherently dynamic nature and reversibility of epigenetic regulation, enables the possibility of epigenetic therapy by targeting epigenetic "writers", "readers", and "erasers". Several Food Drug Administration-approved small-molecule epigenetic drugs show promise in pre-clinical studies for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic implications and challenges for future research involving cardiovascular epigenetics, with an aim to provide a translational perspective for identifying novel biomarkers of atherosclerosis, and transforming precision cardiovascular research and disease therapy in modern era of epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Zheng Gen Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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57
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Ontawong A, Boonphang O, Pasachan T, Duangjai A, Pongchaidecha A, Phatsara M, Jinakote M, Amornlerdpison D, Srimaroeng C. Hepatoprotective effect of coffee pulp aqueous extract combined with simvastatin against hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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58
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Reactive Oxygen Species Drive Epigenetic Changes in Radiation-Induced Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4278658. [PMID: 30881591 PMCID: PMC6381575 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4278658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) develops months to years after initial radiation exposure. RIF occurs when normal fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts and lay down aberrant amounts of extracellular matrix proteins. One of the main drivers for developing RIF is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated immediately after radiation exposure. Generation of ROS is known to induce epigenetic changes and cause differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Several antioxidant compounds have been shown to prevent radiation-induced epigenetic changes and the development of RIF. Therefore, reviewing the ROS-linked epigenetic changes in irradiated fibroblast cells is essential to understand the development and prevention of RIF.
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59
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Kowara M, Kasarełło K, Czarzasta K, Opolski G, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Early-life inflammation pathways trigger a cascade leading to development of atherosclerotic plaque through the “butterfly effect” – An hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2019; 122:106-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Håversen L, Sundelin JP, Mardinoglu A, Rutberg M, Ståhlman M, Wilhelmsson U, Hultén LM, Pekny M, Fogelstrand P, Bentzon JF, Levin M, Borén J. Vimentin deficiency in macrophages induces increased oxidative stress and vascular inflammation but attenuates atherosclerosis in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16973. [PMID: 30451917 PMCID: PMC6242955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to clarify the role of vimentin, an intermediate filament protein abundantly expressed in activated macrophages and foam cells, in macrophages during atherogenesis. Global gene expression, lipid uptake, ROS, and inflammation were analyzed in bone-marrow derived macrophages from vimentin-deficient (Vim-/-) and wild-type (Vim+/+) mice. Atherosclerosis was induced in Ldlr-/- mice transplanted with Vim-/- and Vim+/+ bone marrow, and in Vim-/- and Vim+/+ mice injected with a PCSK9 gain-of-function virus. The mice were fed an atherogenic diet for 12-15 weeks. We observed impaired uptake of native LDL but increased uptake of oxLDL in Vim-/- macrophages. FACS analysis revealed increased surface expression of the scavenger receptor CD36 on Vim-/- macrophages. Vim-/- macrophages also displayed increased markers of oxidative stress, activity of the transcription factor NF-κB, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake. Vim-/- mice displayed decreased atherogenesis despite increased vascular inflammation and increased CD36 expression on macrophages in two mouse models of atherosclerosis. We demonstrate that vimentin has a strong suppressive effect on oxidative stress and that Vim-/- mice display increased vascular inflammation with increased CD36 expression on macrophages despite decreased subendothelial lipid accumulation. Thus, vimentin has a key role in regulating inflammation in macrophages during atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Håversen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeanna Perman Sundelin
- Strategic planning and operations, Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Mikael Rutberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Wilhelmsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience/Center for Brain Repair, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milos Pekny
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience/Center for Brain Repair, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jacob Fog Bentzon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Malin Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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61
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Mani AM, Chattopadhyay R, Singh NK, Rao GN. Cholesterol crystals increase vascular permeability by inactivating SHP2 and disrupting adherens junctions. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 123:72-84. [PMID: 29782988 PMCID: PMC6333100 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To understand the adverse effects of cholesterol crystals on vascular homeostasis, we have studied their effects on endothelial barrier function. Cholesterol crystals increased endothelial barrier permeability in a dose and time dependent manner. In addition, cholesterol crystals induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and α-catenin, disrupting endothelial AJ and its barrier function and these effects required xanthine oxidase-mediated H2O2 production, SHP2 inactivation and Frk activation. Similarly, feeding C57BL/6 mice with cholesterol-rich diet increased xanthine oxidase expression, H2O2 production, SHP2 inactivation and Frk activation leading to enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and α-catenin, thereby disrupting endothelial AJ and increasing vascular permeability. Resolvin D1, a specialized proresolving mediator, prevented all these adverse effects of cholesterol crystals and cholesterol-rich diet in endothelial cells and mice, respectively. Based on these observations, it is likely that cholesterol crystals via disrupting AJ increase vascular permeability, a critical event of endothelial dysfunction and specialized proresolving mediators such as Resolvin D1 exert protection against these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul M Mani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Rima Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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62
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Baldrighi M, Mallat Z, Li X. NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2017; 267:127-138. [PMID: 29126031 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of death and disability. Atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by a chronic sterile inflammation in the large blood vessels, where lipid-derived and damage-associated molecular patterns play important roles in inciting immune responses. Following the initial demonstration that NLR family Pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) was important for atherogenesis, a substantial number of studies have emerged addressing the basic mechanisms of inflammasome activation and their relevance to atherosclerosis. In this review, we introduce the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and discuss the current findings and therapeutic strategies that target NLRP3 inflammasome activation during the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baldrighi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris, France.
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.
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63
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Kotla S, Singh NK, Kirchhofer D, Rao GN. Heterodimers of the transcriptional factors NFATc3 and FosB mediate tissue factor expression for 15( S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid-induced monocyte trafficking. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14885-14901. [PMID: 28724635 PMCID: PMC5592668 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.804344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is expressed in vascular and nonvascular tissues and functions in several pathways, including embryonic development, inflammation, and cell migration. Many risk factors for atherosclerosis, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, increase TF expression. To better understand the TF-related mechanisms in atherosclerosis, here we investigated the role of 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) in TF expression. 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE), the major product of human 15-LOXs 1 and 2, induced TF expression and activity in a time-dependent manner in the human monocytic cell line THP1. Moreover, TF suppression with neutralizing antibodies blocked 15(S)-HETE-induced monocyte migration. We also found that NADPH- and xanthine oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) activation, and interactions between nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 (NFATc3) and FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FosB) are involved in 15(S)-HETE-induced TF expression. Interestingly, NFATc3 first induced the expression of its interaction partner FosB before forming the heterodimeric NFATc3-FosB transcription factor complex, which bound the proximal AP-1 site in the TF gene promoter and activated TF expression. We also observed that macrophages from 12/15-LOX-/- mice exhibit diminished migratory response to monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and lipopolysaccharide compared with WT mouse macrophages. Similarly, compared with WT macrophages, monocytes from 12/15-LOX-/- mice displayed diminished trafficking, which was rescued by prior treatment with 12(S)-HETE, in a peritonitis model. These observations indicate that 15(S)-HETE-induced monocyte/macrophage migration and trafficking require ROS-mediated CaMKIV activation leading to formation of NFATc3 and FosB heterodimer, which binds and activates the TF promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivareddy Kotla
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Daniel Kirchhofer
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
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