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Shrishrimal S, Chatterjee A, Kosmacek EA, Davis PJ, McDonald JT, Oberley-Deegan RE. Manganese porphyrin, MnTE-2-PyP, treatment protects the prostate from radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway and enhancing SOD2 and sirtuin activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:255-270. [PMID: 32222469 PMCID: PMC7276298 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a frequently used treatment for prostate cancer patients. Manganese (III) meso-tetrakis (N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP or T2E or BMX-010) and other similar manganese porphyrin compounds that scavenge superoxide molecules have been demonstrated to be effective radioprotectors and prevent the development of radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF). However, understanding the molecular pathway changes associated with these compounds remains limited for radioprotection. Recent RNA-sequencing data from our laboratory revealed that MnTE-2-PyP treatment activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway. Therefore, we hypothesize that MnTE-2-PyP protects the prostate from RIF by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway. We identified that MnTE-2-PyP is a post-translational activator of NRF2 signaling in prostate fibroblast cells, which plays a major role in fibroblast activation and myofibroblast differentiation. The mechanism of NRF2 activation involves an increase in hydrogen peroxide and a corresponding decrease in kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) levels. Activation of NRF2 signaling leads to an increase in expression of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, sirtuin activity (nuclear and mitochondrial), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression/activity. Increase in mitochondrial sirtuin activity correlates with a decrease in SOD2 (K122) acetylation. This decrease in SOD2 K122 acetylation correlates with an increase in SOD2 activity and mitochondrial superoxide scavenging capacity. Further, in human primary prostate fibroblast cells, the NRF2 pathway plays a major role in the fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation, which is responsible for the fibrotic phenotype. In the context of radiation protection, MnTE-2-PyP fails to prevent fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation in the absence of NRF2 signaling. Collectively, our results indicate that the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway by MnTE-2-PyP is at least a partial mechanism of radioprotection in prostate fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shrishrimal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | | | - J Tyson McDonald
- Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Redox-Active Drug, MnTE-2-PyP 5+, Prevents and Treats Cardiac Arrhythmias Preserving Heart Contractile Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4850697. [PMID: 32273944 PMCID: PMC7115175 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4850697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiomyopathies remain among the leading causes of death worldwide, despite all efforts and important advances in the development of cardiovascular therapeutics, demonstrating the need for new solutions. Herein, we describe the effects of the redox-active therapeutic Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, AEOL10113, BMX-010 (MnTE-2-PyP5+), on rat heart as an entry to new strategies to circumvent cardiomyopathies. Methods Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were used in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, to analyze intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, L-type Ca2+ currents, Ca2+ spark frequency, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cardiomyocyte and cardiac contractility, in control and MnTE-2-PyP5+-treated cells, hearts, or animals. Cells and hearts were treated with 20 μM MnTE-2-PyP5+ and animals with 1 mg/kg, i.p. daily. Additionally, we performed electrocardiographic and echocardiographic analysis. Results Using isolated rat cardiomyocytes, we observed that MnTE-2-PyP5+ reduced intracellular Ca2+ transient amplitude, without altering cell contractility. Whereas MnTE-2-PyP5+ did not alter basal ROS levels, it was efficient in modulating cardiomyocyte redox state under stress conditions; MnTE-2-PyP5+ reduced Ca2+ spark frequency and increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load. Accordingly, analysis of isolated perfused rat hearts showed that MnTE-2-PyP5+ preserves cardiac function, increases SR Ca2+ load, and reduces arrhythmia index, indicating an antiarrhythmic effect. In vivo experiments showed that MnTE-2-PyP5+ treatment increased Ca2+ transient, preserved cardiac ejection fraction, and reduced arrhythmia index and duration. MnTE-2-PyP5+ was effective both to prevent and to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Conclusion MnTE-2-PyP5+ prevents and treats cardiac arrhythmias in rats. In contrast to most antiarrhythmic drugs, MnTE-2-PyP5+ preserves cardiac contractile function, arising, thus, as a prospective therapeutic for improvement of cardiac arrhythmia treatment.
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Olson KR. Reactive oxygen species or reactive sulfur species: why we should consider the latter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/4/jeb196352. [PMID: 32102833 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.196352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of oxidants, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS), include signaling functions (oxidative eustress), initiation of measures to reduce elevated ROS (oxidative stress), and a cascade of pathophysiological events that accompany excessive ROS (oxidative distress). Although these effects have long been studied in animal models with perturbed ROS, their actions under physiological conditions are less clear. I propose that some of the apparent uncertainty may be due to confusion of ROS with endogenously generated reactive sulfur species (RSS). ROS and RSS are chemically similar, but RSS are more reactive and versatile, and can be stored and reused. Both ROS and RSS signal via oxidation reactions with protein cysteine sulfur and they produce identical effector responses, but RSS appear to be more effective. RSS in the form of persulfidated cysteines (Cys-S-S) are produced endogenously and co-translationally introduced into proteins, and there is increasing evidence that many cellular proteins are persulfidated. A number of practical factors have contributed to confusion between ROS and RSS, and these are discussed herein. Furthermore, essentially all endogenous antioxidant enzymes appeared shortly after life began, some 3.8 billion years ago, when RSS metabolism dominated evolution. This was long before the rise in ROS, 600 million years ago, and I propose that these same enzymes, with only minor modifications, still effectively metabolize RSS in extant organisms. I am not suggesting that all ROS are RSS; however, I believe that the relative importance of ROS and RSS in biological systems needs further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, Raclin Carmichael Hall, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
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Olson KR, Gao Y, Steiger AK, Pluth MD, Tessier CR, Markel TA, Boone D, Stahelin RV, Batinic-Haberle I, Straubg KD. Effects of Manganese Porphyrins on Cellular Sulfur Metabolism. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040980. [PMID: 32098303 PMCID: PMC7070779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese porphyrins (MnPs), MnTE-2-PyP5+, MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, are superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics and form a redox cycle between O2 and reductants, including ascorbic acid, ultimately producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We previously found that MnPs oxidize hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to polysulfides (PS; H2Sn, n = 2–6) in buffer. Here, we examine the effects of MnPs for 24 h on H2S metabolism and PS production in HEK293, A549, HT29 and bone marrow derived stem cells (BMDSC) using H2S (AzMC, MeRho-AZ) and PS (SSP4) fluorophores. All MnPs decreased intracellular H2S production and increased intracellular PS. H2S metabolism and PS production were unaffected by cellular O2 (5% versus 21% O2), H2O2 or ascorbic acid. We observed with confocal microscopy that mitochondria are a major site of H2S production in HEK293 cells and that MnPs decrease mitochondrial H2S production and increase PS in what appeared to be nucleoli and cytosolic fibrillary elements. This supports a role for MnPs in the metabolism of H2S to PS, the latter serving as both short- and long-term antioxidants, and suggests that some of the biological effects of MnPs may be attributable to sulfur metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (Y.G.); (C.R.T.); (D.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1 (574) 631-7560
| | - Yan Gao
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (Y.G.); (C.R.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Andrea K. Steiger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.K.S.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.K.S.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Charles R. Tessier
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (Y.G.); (C.R.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Troy A. Markel
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, 705 Riley Hospital Dr, RI 2500, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - David Boone
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (Y.G.); (C.R.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Robert V. Stahelin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Karl D. Straubg
- Central Arkansas Veteran’s Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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Batinic-Haberle I, Spasojevic I. 25 years of development of Mn porphyrins — from mimics of superoxide dismutase enzymes to thiol signaling to clinical trials: The story of our life in the USA. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have developed Mn porphyrins (MnPs) initially as mimics of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes based on structure–activity relationships. Several cationic Mn porphyrins, being substituted with cationic ortho [Formula: see text]-alkyl- or alkoxyalkylpyridyl groups in meso positions of the porphyrin ring, have been identified as potential therapeutics based on their high SOD-like activity and high bioavailability. Two of those [Mn(III) meso-tetrakis([Formula: see text]-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, MnTE-2-PyP[Formula: see text] (BMX-010, AEOL10113) and Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(Nn-butoxyethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP[Formula: see text] (BMX-001)] are now in five Phase II clinical trials. Studies of ours, and those of others, contributed to the understanding of the diverse activities of these compounds. With biologically compatible potentials and four biologically accessible oxidation states, Mn porphyrins interact with numerous reactive species, both as oxidants and reductants. Among those reactions, their abilities to (catalytically) oxidize [Formula: see text]-glutathionylate protein thiols may perhaps be their major in vivo mode of action. Via [Formula: see text]-glutathionylation, MnPs modulate actions of signaling proteins and, in turn, cellular apoptotic and proliferative pathways. During the major part of our stay in the USA, our lives have been dedicated to Mn porphyrins. Our families and especially our son and his three babies have been our inspiration not to give up on a life often burdened with hardship. It is thus our immense pleasure to see our compounds in clinical trials. Above all, we hope that our story will inspire future researchers to persevere — women in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Pharmaceutical Research Shared Resource, Duke School of Medicine, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Research Shared Resource, Duke School of Medicine, Durham NC 27710, USA
- PK/PD Core Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Research Shared Resource, Duke School of Medicine, Durham NC 27710, USA
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Mathieu E, Tolbert AE, Koebke KJ, Tard C, Iranzo O, Penner-Hahn JE, Policar C, Pecoraro V. Rational De Novo Design of a Cu Metalloenzyme for Superoxide Dismutation. Chemistry 2020; 26:249-258. [PMID: 31710732 PMCID: PMC6944188 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are highly efficient enzymes for superoxide dismutation and the first line of defense against oxidative stress. These metalloproteins contain a redox-active metal ion in their active site (Mn, Cu, Fe, Ni) with a tightly controlled reduction potential found in a close range around the optimal value of 0.36 V versus the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE). Rationally designed proteins with well-defined three-dimensional structures offer new opportunities for obtaining functional SOD mimics. Here, we explore four different copper-binding scaffolds: H3 (His3 ), H4 (His4 ), H2 DH (His3 Asp with two His and one Asp in the same plane) and H3 D (His3 Asp with three His in the same plane) by using the scaffold of the de novo protein GRα3 D. EPR and XAS analysis of the resulting copper complexes demonstrates that they are good CuII -bound structural mimics of Cu-only SODs. Furthermore, all the complexes exhibit SOD activity, though three orders of magnitude slower than the native enzyme, making them the first de novo copper SOD mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Mathieu
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Audrey E. Tolbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Karl J. Koebke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
| | - Cédric Tard
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Olga Iranzo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | | | - Clotilde Policar
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Pecoraro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
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Manganese Porphyrin-Based SOD Mimetics Produce Polysulfides from Hydrogen Sulfide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120639. [PMID: 31842297 PMCID: PMC6943712 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese-centered porphyrins (MnPs), MnTE-2-PyP5+ (MnTE), MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ (MnTnHex), and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (MnTnBuOE) have received considerable attention because of their ability to serve as superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics thereby producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and oxidants of ascorbate and simple aminothiols or protein thiols. MnTE-2-PyP5+ and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ are now in five Phase II clinical trials warranting further exploration of their rich redox-based biology. Previously, we reported that SOD is also a sulfide oxidase catalyzing the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to hydrogen persulfide (H2S2) and longer-chain polysulfides (H2Sn, n = 3–7). We hypothesized that MnPs may have similar actions on sulfide metabolism. H2S and polysulfides were monitored in fluorimetric assays with 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin (AzMC) and 3′,6′-di(O-thiosalicyl)fluorescein (SSP4), respectively, and specific polysulfides were further identified by mass spectrometry. MnPs concentration-dependently consumed H2S and produced H2S2 and subsequently longer-chain polysulfides. This reaction appeared to be O2-dependent. MnP absorbance spectra exhibited wavelength shifts in the Soret and Q bands characteristic of sulfide-mediated reduction of Mn. Taken together, our results suggest that MnPs can become efficacious activators of a variety of cytoprotective processes by acting as sulfide oxidation catalysts generating per/polysulfides.
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Recent progress in the development of organometallics for the treatment of cancer. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 56:28-34. [PMID: 31812831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
From their early successes in medicine, organometallic compounds continue to attract interest as potential chemotherapeutics to treat a range of diseases. Here, we show from recent literature selected largely from the last two years that organometallics offer unique opportunities in medicine and, increasingly, a mechanistic-based approach is applied to their development, which has not always been the case.
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Franke A, Scheitler A, Kenkel I, Lippert R, Zahl A, Balbinot D, Jux N, Ivanović-Burmazović I. Positive Charge on Porphyrin Ligand and Nature of Metal Center Define Basic Physicochemical Properties of Cationic Manganese and Iron Porphyrins in Aqueous Solution. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9618-9630. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Franke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen−Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Scheitler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen−Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabell Kenkel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen−Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Lippert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen−Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Zahl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen−Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Domenico Balbinot
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen−Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen−Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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