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Paterson HL, Stead JL, Crutchett T, Hovey RK, Ford BM, Speldewinde P, Zapata-Restrepo LM, Yanfang L, Zhang X, Cundy AB. Battling the known unknowns: a synoptic review of aquatic plastics research from Australia, the United Kingdom and China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1663-1680. [PMID: 34697621 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a global environmental and human health issue, with plastics now ubiquitous in the environment and biota. Despite extensive international research, key knowledge gaps ("known unknowns") remain around ecosystem-scale and human health impacts of plastics in the environment, particularly in limnetic, coastal and marine systems. Here we review aquatic plastics research in three contrasting geographic and cultural settings, selected to present a gradient of heavily urbanised (and high population density) to less urbanised (and low population density) areas: China, the United Kingdom (UK), and Australia. Research from each country has varying environmental focus (for example, biota-focussed studies in Australia target various bird, fish, turtle and seal species, while UK and China-based studies focus on commercially important organisms such as bivalves, fish and decapods), and uses varying methods and reporting units (e.g. mean, median or range). This has resulted in aquatic plastics datasets that are hard to compare directly, supporting the need to converge on standardised sampling methods, and bioindicator species. While all the study nations show plastics contamination, often at high levels, datasets are variable and do not clearly demonstrate pollution gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet L Paterson
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Jessica L Stead
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - Thomas Crutchett
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Renae K Hovey
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Benjamin M Ford
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Peter Speldewinde
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Lina M Zapata-Restrepo
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Lu Yanfang
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Andrew B Cundy
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
- Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
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52
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Evidence for Microplastics Contamination of the Remote Tributary of the Yenisei River, Siberia—The Pilot Study Results. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13223248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study is a pioneering attempt to count microplastics (MPs) in the Yenisei River system to clarify the role of Siberian Rivers in the transport of MPs to the Arctic Ocean. The average MPs content in the surface water of the Yenisei large tributary, the Nizhnyaya Tunguska River, varied from 1.20 ± 0.70 to 4.53 ± 2.04 items/m3, tending to increase along the watercourse (p < 0.05). Concentrations of MPs in bottom sediments of the two rivers were 235 ± 83.0 to 543 ± 94.1 with no tendency of downstream increasing. Linear association (r = 0.952) between average organic matter content and average counts of MPs in bottom sediments occurred. Presumably MPs originated from the daily activities of the in-situ population. Further spatial-temporal studies are needed to estimate the riverine MPs fluxes into the Eurasian Arctic seas.
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53
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Hayes A, Kirkbride KP, Leterme SC. Variation in polymer types and abundance of microplastics from two rivers and beaches in Adelaide, South Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112842. [PMID: 34392159 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are a major source of marine pollution and comprise of many recyclable polymers. For this study, we investigated the prevalence of microplastic polymers in an urban and non-urban setting and determined what type of plastic polymers was most common in these areas. This was conducted by extracting sediment and sand samples from 2 rivers and beaches in Adelaide, South Australia. The microplastics were extracted using density separation and were identified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. We found a significantly higher abundance of microplastics and variety of polymers in the sediment of the Patawalonga creek, compared to the less urbanised environment. Most of the microplastics found in the study were from recyclable products which highlight the lack of recycling practices undertaken by the inhabitants of that area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hayes
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| | - K Paul Kirkbride
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| | - Sophie C Leterme
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia; Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
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54
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Zhang KX, Song C, Zhao S, Yan Z, Feng LJ, Wang SG. AOPs enhance the migration of polystyrene nanoparticles in saturated quartz sand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1509-1515. [PMID: 34669759 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00240f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants are suspected to be significant point sources of microplastic and nanoplastic particles (NPs) in the environment. As one of the main wastewater treatment processes, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) may change the physicochemical properties of NPs and further affect their migration. However, limited information is known about the environmental fate of NPs after AOP treatment. In this study, polystyrene nanoparticles were treated using two representative AOPs, Fenton and persulfate treatments, and the migration of the NPs in quartz sand was investigated via column transport experiments. FTIR and XPS analysis indicated that a large number of oxygen-containing groups were generated on the NP surface after AOP treatment leading to lower hydrophobicity and a higher negative charge. Besides, the C/O ratio after Fenton and persulfate treatments was increased from 10.98 to 7.25 and 8.68. Moreover, the NPs after AOP treatment exhibited higher mobility in quartz sand in both ultrapure water and 10 mM NaCl solution. It was more obvious in 10 mM NaCl solution with breakthrough percentages of 79.73% for P-PS, 90.97% for F-PS and 95.67% for N-PS, respectively. These results could be explained by the roles of generated oxygen-containing functional groups; first, the higher negative charge enhanced the electrostatic repulsion between treated NPs and sand; second, lower hydrophobicity improved the binding with water molecules in background solution. This work is helpful in understanding the changes of nanoplastics in AOP treatment and their migration in the natural environment, which has far-reaching influence on the environmental fate and behavior of nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xin Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Yan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Juan Feng
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Shu-Guang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, P. R. China.
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55
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Vital SA, Cardoso C, Avio C, Pittura L, Regoli F, Bebianno MJ. Do microplastic contaminated seafood consumption pose a potential risk to human health? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112769. [PMID: 34358788 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are present in all parts of the ocean and can have deleterious effects on marine resources. The aim of this work was to map the presence of microplastics in commercial marine species such as bivalves (mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and clams Scrobicularia plana), crabs (Carcinus maenas) as well as fish (Mullus surmuletus) to relate microplastics levels to pollution sources, assess possible impact on marine food chains and on human health. These species were collected from several sites of the Ria Formosa lagoon and along the south coast of Portugal. A quantitative assessment (number, size and color) and typology of microplastics were made in these species. Only one green fragment of polypropylene was detected in the gills of the crabs, while a blue polyethylene fragment was detected in the hepatopancreas of the mullets. Moreover, no microplastics were present in S. plana nor in the crabs whole soft tissues. Among mussels, 86% of microplastics were present from all sites and the number, size and color were site specific. Mussels from the west side of the coast (Sites 1-3) had the highest levels of MPs per mussel and per weight compared to the other sites, probably related to the impact of touristic activity, fishing gears, fresh water and sewage effluents along with the hydrodynamics of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Vital
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - C Cardoso
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - C Avio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Pittura
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M J Bebianno
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal.
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56
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Patterson J, Jeyasanta KI, Laju RL, Edward JKP. Microplastic contamination in Indian edible mussels (Perna perna and Perna viridis) and their environs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112678. [PMID: 34242958 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the microplastic (MPs) contamination of the mussels, P. viridis and P. perna of different sizes, and their environment viz. water and sediment. MPs were recovered from the soft tissues of both species. The mean abundance of MPs ranges from 0.87 ± 0.55 to 10.02 ± 4.15 items/individual; 0.1 ± 0.03 to 2.05 ± 0.33 items/g; 31.57 ± 7.63 to 59.25 ± 14.32 items/l in water, and 79.54 ± 18.66 to 108 ± 40.36 items/kg in sediment. Smaller mussels (3-6 cm) are capable of ingesting higher quantities of MPs per gram of tissue weight, and the rate of MP uptake decreases when the mussels grow in size. These might be due to the faster filtration rate in smaller mussels. MPs of fiber type and blue color in the size range of 500 μm to 1 mm are predominant in mussels. Eleven different polymeric groups were identified, of which PE is the most common, followed by PP. The distribution patterns of MP abundance, shape, size, color, and polymer in mussels more closely resemble those in water. There is no significant difference in MP quantities between P. perna and P. viridis (p > 0.05). FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and SEM analysis show that most of the MPs have been strongly weathered. EDAX analysis detects heavy metals like As, Ni, Fe, Zn, and Cd associated with MPs. This study shows that the MPs contents of both the mussel species are transferred from seawater to their edible meat. This study again proved that mussels can act as bio indicator of MPs pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Patterson
- Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - R L Laju
- Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
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57
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Jones JS, Porter A, Muñoz-Pérez JP, Alarcón-Ruales D, Galloway TS, Godley BJ, Santillo D, Vagg J, Lewis C. Plastic contamination of a Galapagos Island (Ecuador) and the relative risks to native marine species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147704. [PMID: 34049146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecuador's Galapagos Islands and their unique biodiversity are a global conservation priority. We explored the presence, composition and environmental drivers of plastic contamination across the marine ecosystem at an island scale, investigated uptake in marine invertebrates and designed a systematic priority scoring analysis to identify the most vulnerable vertebrate species. Beach contamination varied by site (macroplastic 0-0.66 items·m-2, microplastics 0-448.8 particles·m-2 or 0-74.6 particles·kg-1), with high plastic accumulation on east-facing beaches that are influenced by the Humboldt Current. Local littering and waste management leakages accounted for just 2% of macroplastic. Microplastics (including anthropogenic cellulosics) were ubiquitous but in low concentrations in benthic sediments (6.7-86.7 particles·kg-1) and surface seawater (0.04-0.89 particles·m-3), with elevated concentrations in the harbour suggesting some local input. Microplastics were present in all seven marine invertebrate species examined, found in 52% of individuals (n = 123) confirming uptake of microplastics in the Galapagos marine food web. Priority scoring analysis combining species distribution information, IUCN Red List conservation status and literature evidence of harm from entanglement and ingestion of plastics in similar species identified 27 marine vertebrates in need of urgent, targeted monitoring and mitigation including pinnipeds, seabirds, turtles and sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen S Jones
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; Galapagos Conservation Trust, 7-14 Great Dover Street, London SE1 4YR, UK
| | - Adam Porter
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz-Pérez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) & UNC-Chapel Hill Galápagos Science Center (GSC), Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristobal, Galápagos, Ecuador; School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Hervey Bay, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniela Alarcón-Ruales
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) & UNC-Chapel Hill Galápagos Science Center (GSC), Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristobal, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Tamara S Galloway
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - David Santillo
- Greenpeace Research Laboratories, School of Biosciences, Innovation Centre Phase 2, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Vagg
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Ceri Lewis
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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58
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Hatinoğlu MD, Sanin FD. Sewage sludge as a source of microplastics in the environment: A review of occurrence and fate during sludge treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113028. [PMID: 34153586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effectively remove microplastics (MPs) from wastewater and unsurprisingly concentrate them in sludge. Hence through its beneficial use and disposal, sludge causes secondary release pathways of an estimated average amount of 106 to 1014 wastewater-based MPs to various environmental compartments yearly. Despite these numbers, studies investigating sludge are scarce. Currently, majority of the studies in the field focus on identifying the magnitude of the problem, whereas research investigating the fate and effects of MPs during sludge treatment are very rare. This review aims to bring together and critically evaluate the limited studies conducted about MPs in the sludge treatment line and bring out the key gaps and research needs in the area. Studies conducted so far indicate that depending on the type, size, and amount of MPs, their effects during anaerobic digestion differ, with some studies demonstrating serious negative impact on biogas production. Possible effect mechanisms are also suggested such as formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leaching of toxic chemicals. Moreover, a potential for sludge treatment processes (thickening, dewatering, drying, stabilization, etc.) to change the characteristics and the number of MPs, which may increase surface area available for adsorption and desorption of pollutants, was observed. Review uncovers that, in the broad universe of MPs, some highly abundant ones in sludge such as polypropylene, polyurethane, polycarbonate, and acrylic are not yet investigated in sludge treatment. Future research should focus not only to investigate the fate/effects but to fully understand the mechanisms behind these, which is missing in many studies reviewed. Besides, new studies show that effect of MPs start from the floc formation stage during biological treatment, which in fact determine the final sludge behavior in thickening and dewatering. Therefore, holistic approaches starting from wastewater till sludge exits WWTP seem necessary. Substantiating from polymer chemistry and response of plastics to stress conditions, review suggests possibilities of deterioration during sludge treatment processes. It becomes evident that some totally uninvestigated aspects such as disintegration conducted before stabilization, can change the fate of MPs during sludge treatment and may bring new perspectives to the solution of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dilara Hatinoğlu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Dilek Sanin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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59
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Liao CP, Chiu CC, Huang HW. Assessment of microplastics in oysters in coastal areas of Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117437. [PMID: 34126518 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic contamination in ecosystems has emerged as an environmental issue of global significance. This research quantified microplastics in oysters from 22 sites along Taiwan coastlines. In total, 6630 microplastic items were found in 660 oysters of two genera (Crassostrea and Saccostrea). The average content of microplastics was 3.24 ± 1.02 items/g (wet weight), ranging from 0.63 ± 0.52 items/g to 37.94 ± 19.22 items/g. Over half of the microplastics were smaller than 100 μm, and the most common shape was fragments (67%), followed by fibers (29%). The dominant color was transparent (49.76%), followed by black (25.66%). Polymer types were identified using a μRaman microscope, and the major component was polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (69.54%). Microplastic contamination was higher overall in wild than in farmed oysters. In addition, the microplastic content of oysters from northeastern waters was significantly greater than that of other oysters; this result is similar to the findings of previous research on floating marine litter and beach cleaning data. The results indicated that the average content of microplastic in oysters along the Taiwan coastline was similar to that in oysters in adjacent regions. This study suggests that innovative technologies should be implemented for monitoring and removing pollution, tracking marine pollution origins, and improving accountability and that plastic limitation strategies should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Pei Liao
- Department of Environmental Biology and Fishery Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chun Chiu
- Institute of Marine Affairs and Resources Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Wen Huang
- Institute of Marine Affairs and Resources Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
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60
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Chouchene K, Rocha-Santos T, Ksibi M. Types, occurrence, and distribution of microplastics and metals contamination in sediments from south west of Kerkennah archipelago, Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46477-46487. [PMID: 32632691 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are one of the most significant solid waste pollutants in the marine environment and accumulate in sediments around worldwide. In this study, the pollution level, the type, occurrence, and distribution of MPs in sediments from the southwestern Kerkennah archipelago, Tunisia, were investigated. Sediment samples were collected from 20 adjacent sites through three "lines L1, L2, and L3." MPs were separated from sediment by density flotation (NaCl, 1.2 g cm-3) and characterized in terms of shape, size, and color using microscope. The accumulation of toxic chemicals such as trace metals on microplastics was measured by atomic absorption microwave-assisted acid extraction. Polymer types were identified using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. This study showed that microplastics were found in all samples, which emphasized that their extensive distribution throughout three lines by an average abundance of "MPs" was 611 items/m2. Among the shape categories of plastic particles, fiber and fragment were the most dominant frequent shapes (94%). The more frequent colors found were white (52.7%) and transparent (35.1%). Regarding the sizes, the microplastics below 1 mm were the most common accounting for 97% of all plastics. Results of trace metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni in sediments with concentrations were reported as 3.48 μg/g, 0.41 μg/g, 0.38 μg/g, 0.33 μg/g, and 0.12 μg/g, respectively. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Chouchene
- Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie, Université de Sfax, GEET-ENIS, Route de Soukra km 4, Po. Box 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mohamed Ksibi
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, Route de Soukra km 4, PO. Box 1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
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61
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Chinfak N, Sompongchaiyakul P, Charoenpong C, Shi H, Yeemin T, Zhang J. Abundance, composition, and fate of microplastics in water, sediment, and shellfish in the Tapi-Phumduang River system and Bandon Bay, Thailand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 781:146700. [PMID: 33812121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic contamination in the environment is a global problem, as evidenced by the increasing amount of research worldwide. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the microplastic distribution in Bandon Bay, one of the most important maricultural areas of Thailand. Water and sediment samples from the Tapi-Phumduang River system (n = 10) and Bandon Bay (n = 5) were collected. Water sampling at the river mouth was carried out during a complete tidal cycle to estimate the microplastic flux to the bay during the wet season. Moreover, two commercial bivalve species grown in the bay, the green mussel (Perna viridis) and lyrate Asiatic hard clam (Meretrix lyrata), were analyzed. More items of microplastics were found in the river system than in the bay. During the tide cycle, one-third of the microplastics entering the bay were washed back upstream during high tide. This backflow consisted mainly of larger microplastics. The average daily load of microplastics to the bay was 22.4 × 109 items day-1. The load during low tide was approximately 4-5 times higher than that during high tide. The overall accumulation of microplastics in the bottom sediments of the river and in the bay was similar (p < 0.05). Green mussels showed significantly higher contamination with microplastics than clams. Notably, the small-sized shellfish contained more particles (items/g) than the large ones (p < 0.05). Fibers were detected in virtually all samples: water (98%), sediment (94%), mussels (100%), and clams (95%). Among these, microfibers (<1 mm) were detected in water (71%), sediment (63%), green mussels (63%), and clams (52%). Blue and white particles were the two most frequently observed colors, while the most dominant polymers were rayon, followed by polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and nylon. To this end, we posit that river discharge was a significant source of microplastics in Bandon Bay, with minor additional contributions from fishing and mariculture activities within the bay. Ultimately, these microplastics may end up in the sediments and living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narainrit Chinfak
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Penjai Sompongchaiyakul
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chawalit Charoenpong
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Thamasak Yeemin
- Marine Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Chouchene K, Prata JC, da Costa J, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T, Ksibi M. Microplastics on Barra beach sediments in Aveiro, Portugal. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112264. [PMID: 33780756 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MPs) pollution has been recognized as a serious threat to marine environment with the growing use of plastics. There is no sufficient data on the extent and characteristics of MPs pollution in the beach sediments and sand in the Atlantic Ocean. The coastal area is one of the main tourist zones in Aveiro in Portugal, thus, impacted by both tourism and maritime traffic, which are major sources of MPs. Considering this issue, 33 sediment samples were collected from the Praia da Barra beach in Aveiro. This pilot study showed that large quantities of MPs are accumulated on this beach with a median concentration of 100 MP kg-1 (15-320 MP kg-1), that is dominated by polyethylene (30%), polypropylene (27%), polystyrene (18%), nylon (12%), and polyester (6%). Size <1 mm constituted 99.5% of particles, mostly of transparent or black colors, with highest concentrations closest to the water line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Chouchene
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie, GEET-ENIS, Route de Soukra km 4, Po. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.
| | - Joana C Prata
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João da Costa
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Armando C Duarte
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Mohamed Ksibi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie, GEET-ENIS, Route de Soukra km 4, Po. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
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63
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Cutroneo L, Reboa A, Geneselli I, Capello M. Considerations on salts used for density separation in the extraction of microplastics from sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112216. [PMID: 33684703 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by plastics and microplastics is a recognised problem worldwide, and it is the focus of many research teams. In the quantification of microplastics in the environment (plastic items with dimensions between 1 μm and 5 mm), the search for shared and universally recognised protocols and methodologies is still ongoing. In this study, the use of a method for extracting microplastics from marine sediments based on density separation has been considered. Fifty studies were analysed to investigate the scenario of salts exploited during microplastic extraction. The most commonly used salts are NaCl (45.6%), ZnCl2 (19.3%) and NaI (17.5%). Considerations related to cost, availability, hazards of the salts and thus the repeatability of the related extraction method are reported. In light of the findings, NaCl remains the most readily usable, economical and effective salt for the extraction of microplastics from marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cutroneo
- DISTAV - University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, I-16032 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Anna Reboa
- DISTAV - University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, I-16032 Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Geneselli
- DISTAV - University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, I-16032 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Capello
- DISTAV - University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, I-16032 Genoa, Italy
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64
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Dawson AL, Santana MFM, Miller ME, Kroon FJ. Relevance and reliability of evidence for microplastic contamination in seafood: A critical review using Australian consumption patterns as a case study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116684. [PMID: 33618116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seafood contamination with, and human consumption of, microplastics (MPs) have recently been highlighted as an emerging concern for global food security. While there is evidence that commercial marine species are contaminated with MPs, it is still unknown if seafood can act as a vector for MP transfer to human consumers. Microplastics have been reported in the digestive tract, gills and in select internal organs of marine animals. However, many of these tissues are not typically eaten by human consumers but discarded. In this critical review, we examined the peer-reviewed literature for evidence of MP contamination in seafood, and the potential transfer to human consumers. Based on known seafood consumption patterns in a typical Australian diet, we assessed the relevance and reliability of the current body of literature to examine the prospect and risk of MP transfer. The relevance of data was considered based on the organism studied, origin of the samples, and the tissues analysed, while reliability was assessed based on procedural methodologies used to derive the data. A review of 132 studies found limited evidence of MP contamination in edible tissues from fresh fish or crustaceans. MP presence was confirmed in packaged fish, as well as in fresh and packaged bivalve molluscs. The limited number of studies satisfying the relevance and reliability criteria (n = 24) precluded a quantitative assessment of the potential risk associated with MP transfer. While consumption of packaged fish and bivalve molluscs may result in the consumption of MPs by humans, it is currently unknown whether this presents a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Dawson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Qld, 4810, Australia.
| | - Marina F M Santana
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Qld, 4810, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
| | - Michaela E Miller
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Qld, 4810, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
| | - Frederieke J Kroon
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Qld, 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
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65
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Wang C, Zhao J, Xing B. Environmental source, fate, and toxicity of microplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124357. [PMID: 33158648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are small plastic pieces with sizes less than 5 mm. Due to their widespread distribution in different environmental compartments, food, and drinking water, microplastics have attracted increasing attention across the world. Previous reports have focused on the source, distribution, fate, and toxicity of microplastics. However, many of these studies and reviews are not quite comprehensive, and most of them have only focused on marine environments. Therefore, we comprehensively reviewed the available literature on the source, occurrence, and fate of microplastics in different environments, including air, freshwater, soil, and ocean, across the world. Our review suggests that the sources of microplastics are extensive and diverse and that their occurrence, transport, and fate in the environment are affected by a variety of natural factors as well as their own physicochemical properties. Studies on the toxicological effects of microplastics are also reviewed. We found that large research gaps exist in the quantitative analysis of different exposure routes of microplastics, and microplastic toxicity to organisms. Moreover, key suggestions for future research are presented, and we call for more efforts focusing on the occurrence and fate of microplastics in terrestrial environments, especially in the atmosphere and soil, and further investigations on the toxicity mechanisms of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Wang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jian Zhao
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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66
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Sharma S, Basu S, Shetti NP, Nadagouda MN, Aminabhavi TM. Microplastics in the environment: Occurrence, perils, and eradication. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2021; 408:127317. [PMID: 34017217 PMCID: PMC8129922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) with sizes < 5 mm are found in various compositions, shapes, morphologies, and textures that are the major sources of environmental pollution. The fraction of MPs in total weight of plastic accumulation around the world is predicted to be 13.2% by 2060. These micron-sized MPs are hazardous to marine species, birds, animals, soil creatures and humans due to their occurrence in air, water, soil, indoor dust and food items. The present review covers discussions on the damaging effects of MPs on the environment and their removal techniques including biodegradation, adsorption, catalytic, photocatalytic degradation, coagulation, filtration and electro-coagulation. The main techniques used to analyze the structural and surface changes such as cracks, holes and erosion post the degradation processes are FTIR and SEM analysis. In addition, reduction in plastic molecular weight by the microbes implies disintegration of MPs. Adsorptive removal by the magnetic adsorbent promises complete elimination while the biodegradable catalysts could remove 70-100% of MPs. Catalytic degradation via advanced oxidation assisted by S O 4 • - or O H • radicals generated by peroxymonosulfate or sodium sulfate are also adequately covered in addition to photocatalysis. The chemical methods such as sol-gel, agglomeration, and coagulation in conjunction with other physical methods are discussed concerning the drinking water/wastewater/sludge treatments. The efficacy, merits and demerits of the currently used removal approaches are reviewed that will be helpful in developing more sophisticated technologies for the complete mitigation of MPs from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Nagaraj P. Shetti
- Center for Electrochemical Science and Materials, Department of Chemistry, K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Hubballi-580 027, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda
- The United States Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, CMTB, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
- Corresponding authors. (M.N. Nadagouda), (T.M. Aminabhavi)
| | - Tejraj M. Aminabhavi
- Pharmaceutical Engineering, SET’s College of Pharmacy, Dharwad 580 002, Karnataka, India
- Corresponding authors. (M.N. Nadagouda), (T.M. Aminabhavi)
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67
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Zhang X, Xia X, Dai M, Cen J, Zhou L, Xie J. Microplastic pollution and its relationship with the bacterial community in coastal sediments near Guangdong Province, South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:144091. [PMID: 33360172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ecological stress caused by microplastic (MP) pollution in marine environments has attracted global attention. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between MP pollution and the microbial community in natural sediments. This study was the first to systematically characterize MP pollution (i.e., its abundance, shape, size and color) and investigate its relationship with the bacterial community in coastal sediments from Guangdong, South China, by microscopic observation and Illumina sequencing. The results of this study indicated that the abundance of microplastics (MPs), which was 344 ± 24 items/kg in 33 coastal sediments from 11 sites from South China, represented a relatively high level of MP pollution. MPs with sizes of <0.5 m, 0.5-1.0 mm and 1-2 mm accounted for the highest proportion (75%) in the sediments. Fiber/film (82%) and white/blue (91%) were the dominant shapes and colors, respectively, in all MP samples. Furthermore, the abundances, three shapes (fiber, film and fragment), three sizes (<0.5 mm, 0.5-1.0 mm and 1-2 mm), and two colors (blue and white) of MPs displayed positive correlations with some potential pathogens, including Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Streptococcus, but exhibited negative correlations with an environmentally friendly bacterial genus, Sphingomonas (which degrades various hazardous organic compounds), indicating that MPs might increase the potential ecological risks of coastal sediments. Our results may help to elucidate the relationship between MP pollution and the microbial community in coastal sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xiongjian Xia
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Jianwei Cen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiefen Xie
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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68
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Zhang S, Sun Y, Liu B, Li R. Full size microplastics in crab and fish collected from the mangrove wetland of Beibu Gulf: Evidences from Raman Tweezers (1-20 μm) and spectroscopy (20-5000 μm). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143504. [PMID: 33221000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution in organisms is a growing environmental concern worldwide. Current methods to identify microplastics (MPs) are subject to the limitations of analytical techniques, and there is no full-scale method to measure MPs in organisms. In this study, Raman Tweezers and spectroscopy methods were combined and applied to identify MPs in organisms within the size range of 1-5000 μm. The abundance of small MPs (1-20 μm) was measured in crab (0.39-2.83 items/individual) and fish (0.35-3.22 items/individual). Most MPs were transparent in color and pellet shape. The proportion of small MPs (1-20 μm) was 35.77%, and analysis revealed the non-inclusion of this fraction will induce large deviations in the overall measurement. The large MPs (20-5000 μm) were identified in crab and fish with abundances ranging from 0.74-4.96 items/individual and 0.72-5.39 items/individual, respectively. Mainly fiber shape items were detected, the dominant particle size ranged from 20 to 100 μm, and most MPs were white. Polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were the main types of MPs polymers detected. Our study fills the gap to provide a new method to detect MPs in organisms below 20 μm, facilitating study of the migration and transformation of small MPs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaipeng Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yucui Sun
- Guilin University of Technology at Nanning, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 570000, PR China
| | - Ruilong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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69
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Wang D, Su L, Ruan HD, Chen J, Lu J, Lee CH, Jiang SY. Quantitative and qualitative determination of microplastics in oyster, seawater and sediment from the coastal areas in Zhuhai, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112000. [PMID: 33515819 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics as a new class of environmental contaminants have become the hot issue of global concern. We conducted quantitative and qualitative experiments to investigate microplastics in oyster, seawater and sediment along the Zhuhai coastline. The soft tissues of oysters were digested with potassium hydroxide (10%) and hydrogen peroxide (30%), seawaters and sediments with hydrogen peroxide (30%) to degrade organic matter, and analyzed using a digital camera, optical microscopy and micro-ATR-FTIR. The abundance of microplastics were in the range of 0.14-7.90 n/g in oysters (wet weight), 10.00-27.50 n/L in seawaters and 0.053-0.26 n/g in sediments. The fiber and fragment shape, black color, 101-500 μm of size and polyethylene composition were all classified as the major constituents of microplastics. The level of contaminants in oysters was correlated to those in their surrounding environments. Therefore, oysters may serve as a promising sentinel species for the indication of microplastic pollution in the coastal zone of Zhuhai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duojia Wang
- Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519085, PR China
| | - Lingcheng Su
- Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519085, PR China
| | - Huada Daniel Ruan
- Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519085, PR China.
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519085, PR China
| | - Jianzun Lu
- Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519085, PR China
| | - Chiu-Hong Lee
- Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519085, PR China
| | - Sabrina Yanan Jiang
- Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519085, PR China.
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70
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Tang Y, He Y, Li Y, You J, Breider F, Tao S, Liu W. Effects of anthropogenic discharge and hydraulic deposition on the distribution and accumulation of microplastics in surface sediments of a typical seagoing river: The Haihe River. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124180. [PMID: 33059152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution in river systems has generated great concern; however, few studies have focused on the contributions of multiple influencing factors to microplastics in river systems. In the current study, we utilized data on microplastics in surface sediments from the Haihe River, a seagoing river in northern China to establish a generalized additive model (GAM) for quantifying the effects of multiple factors on the distribution of microplastics. A high abundance of microplastics (4980 ± 2462 items∙kg-1 dry weight) was found. Small particles (< 1000 µm) accounted for a dominant proportion (44.8-61.0%). Polyethylene (PE) was the chief component with an averaged fraction of 49.3%, in which low- and high-density polyethylene contributed 90.7% and 9.3% of the PE, respectively. Microplastics abundance was positively correlated with sediment TOC and the silt fraction (p < 0.05) but negatively correlated with the sand fraction (p < 0.05). The GAM could explain approximate 60% of the total microplastics abundance, and dam (28.5%), sediment TOC (22.9%), and sewage effluent (17.6%) were the main contributors to total variations in microplastics abundance. Local sewage effluent acted as an important point source of microplastics discharge, and the dam on the river greatly affected the deposition and accumulation of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - JiaoDi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Tang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong He
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - YuJun Li
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - JinAo You
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Florian Breider
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - WenXin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Preston-Whyte F, Silburn B, Meakins B, Bakir A, Pillay K, Worship M, Paruk S, Mdazuka Y, Mooi G, Harmer R, Doran D, Tooley F, Maes T. Meso- and microplastics monitoring in harbour environments: A case study for the Port of Durban, South Africa. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:111948. [PMID: 33482492 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An investigation into the abundance and distribution of meso- and microplastics within the Port of Durban was conducted using a static immersible water pump and particle filtration system to collect meso- and microplastics from the water column, microplastics from sediment samples and corresponding CTD. Microplastics were detected in all samples under investigation. Results suggest that sewage overflow, stormwater drains, port operations, followed by rivers are input areas for mitigation to focus on. Identifying meso- and microplastics inputs, baselines and distribution allow for long term monitoring and management in a harbour environment. This can potentially contribute to the control and regulation of small plastics particles in harbours, and the subsequent transport of these pollutants via dredged material into other ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Preston-Whyte
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
| | - Briony Silburn
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Bryony Meakins
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, United Kingdom; Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), Monkstone House, City Road, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Adil Bakir
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Keshnee Pillay
- Branch: Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF), East Pier, Victoria and Alfred Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - Marco Worship
- Branch: Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF), East Pier, Victoria and Alfred Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - Siraj Paruk
- Transnet National Ports Authority, Durmarine Building, Quayside Road, Port of Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Yandiswa Mdazuka
- Branch: Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF), East Pier, Victoria and Alfred Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - Gcobani Mooi
- Branch: Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF), East Pier, Victoria and Alfred Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - Rogan Harmer
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Doran
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Freya Tooley
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Maes
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, United Kingdom; GRID-Arendal, Teaterplassen 3, 4836 Arendal, Norway
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72
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Du S, Zhu R, Cai Y, Xu N, Yap PS, Zhang Y, He Y, Zhang Y. Environmental fate and impacts of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15762-15784. [PMID: 35481192 PMCID: PMC9031200 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00880c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wide usage of plastic products leads to the global occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic environment. Due to the small size, they can be bio-ingested, which may cause certain health effects. The present review starts with summarizing the main sources of various types of MPs and their occurrences in the aquatic environment, as well as their transportation and degradation pathways. The analysis of migration of MPs in water environments shows that the ultimate fate of most MPs in water environments is cracked into small fragments and sinking into the bottom of the ocean. The advantages and disadvantages of existing methods for detection and analysis of MPs are summarized. In addition, based on recent researches, the present review discusses MPs as carriers of organic pollutants and microorganisms, and explores the specific effects of MPs on aquatic organisms in the case of single and combined pollutants. Finally, by analysing the causes and influencing factors of their trophic transfer, the impact of MPs on high-level trophic organisms is explored. The sources, fate and impacts of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
| | - Rongwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
| | - Yujie Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
| | - Yide He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
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73
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Preliminary Screening for Microplastic Concentrations in the Surface Water of the Ob and Tom Rivers in Siberia, Russia. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To date, the largest Russian rivers discharging to the Arctic Ocean remain a “blank spot” on the world map of data on the distribution of microplastics in freshwater systems. This study characterizes the abundance and morphology of microplastics in surface water of the Ob River and its large tributary, the Tom River, in western Siberia. The average number of particles for the two rivers ranged from 44.2 to 51.2 items per m3 or from 79.4 to 87.5 μg per m3 in the Tom River and in the Ob River, respectively. Of the recovered microplastics, 93.5% were less than 1 mm in their largest dimension, the largest group (45.5% of total counts) consisted of particles with sizes range 0.30–1.00 mm. Generally, microfragments of irregular shape were the most abundant among the Ob and Tom samples (47.4%) and exceeded microfibers (22.1%), microfilms (20.8%), and microspheres (9.74%) by average counts. Results from this study provide a baseline for understanding the scale of the transport of microplastics by the Ob River system into the Arctic Ocean and add to currently available data on microplastics abundance and diversity in freshwater systems of differing global geographic locations.
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74
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Cordova MR, Riani E, Shiomoto A. Microplastics ingestion by blue panchax fish (Aplocheilus sp.) from Ciliwung Estuary, Jakarta, Indonesia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111763. [PMID: 33120036 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has a detrimental effect on marine environments, and there is limited information regarding its ingestion by biota, which is the primary consumer. Therefore, this research aims to assess microplastic ingestion by blue panchax fish (Aplocheilus sp.). To achieve this, microplastics were extracted and identified from Ciliwung estuary, coastal waters in North Jakarta, and the Aplocheilus sp. Its various forms and sizes were found in river flow (9.37 ± 1.37 particles/m3), coastal waters (8.48 ± 9.43 particles/m3), and in 75% samples of Aplocheilus sp. (1.97 particles/individual). The microplastic size which was of highest concentration in Aplocheilus sp. was relatively small, ranging from 300 to 500 μm. This small size indicates that the fish has difficulty in distinguishing between their food and the microplastics. Further, there was a possibility of the absorption of other pollutants by the plastics. Therefore, an in-depth study on the effects of plastic ingestion on aquatic life, biomagnification, exposure, chemical toxicity, and socio-economy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Reza Cordova
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1 Ancol, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia; Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido-Okhotsk Campus, 196 Ysaka, Abashiri-shi, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Etty Riani
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Akihiro Shiomoto
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido-Okhotsk Campus, 196 Ysaka, Abashiri-shi, Hokkaido, Japan.
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75
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Zhang X, Yan B, Wang X. Selection and optimization of a protocol for extraction of microplastics from Mactra veneriformis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141250. [PMID: 32771761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, several digestion protocols have been employed to extract microplastics from marine biota. However, the appropriate protocol and its optimal operating conditions to eliminate the clam Mactra veneriformis tissues have never been investigated. In this study, two synchronous phases were taken to select the compromise elimination protocol which was efficient in digesting biological materials with little effect on identification of the tested plastic polymers. Furthermore, the protocol from compromising results between two phases was optimized by an orthogonal experiment to determine the best operating conditions. Then, an application of the optimization protocol to investigate microplastics pollution in commercial clams was conducted. According to our results, 10% KOH showed fairly well digestion efficiency and little effect on identification of the tested microplastics. Furthermore, best operating conditions were demonstrated as treating clam tissues with 1:5 (M:V) of 10% KOH solution, incubating at 60 °C, shaking at 30 rpm for 12 h. In China, commercial clams were found contaminated with widespread microplastics pollution (3.50 ± 1.35 items/g). These problems should be further investigated and assessed due to the increased consumption as seafoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Bo Yan
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Marine Environmental Protection and Restoration Technology Engineering Center, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Xingxing Wang
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
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76
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Wang T, Hu M, Song L, Yu J, Liu R, Wang S, Wang Z, Sokolova IM, Huang W, Wang Y. Coastal zone use influences the spatial distribution of microplastics in Hangzhou Bay, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115137. [PMID: 32650204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution in estuarine and coastal environments has recently been characterised in several countries but few researchers have addressed the influence of different forms of coastal zone use on the distribution of microplastic. Here, microplastic particles were sampled in Hangzhou Bay, which is heavily influenced by a range of human activities, and their abundance, size, and polymer type characterised. The abundance of microplastics was 0.14 ± 0.12 items/m3 in water, 84.3 ± 56.6 items/kg dry weight of sediment, and between 0.25 ± 0.14 and 1.4 ± 0.37 items/individual in biota. These results show that Hangzhou Bay has a low level of microplastic contamination compared to other coastal systems in China, although abundance was spatially variable within the bay; relatively higher microplastic abundances were found in the southern area of the bay, which has adjacent industrial and urban land-use zones, while lower abundances were observed in the central and northern bay areas where mariculture, fisheries, and mineral and energy industries are most common. The relatively low microplastic abundance observed in the biota samples is consistent with the generally low values for the seawater and sediment samples. Pellets were the most common of four particle-shape classes (fibres, fragments, films, and pellets) in surface seawater, while fibres were most abundant in sediment and biota. Smaller-sized microplastics (<1.0 mm) were dominant in all samples. Microplastics in the surface seawater were dominated by low-density polypropylene and polyethylene particles, while rayon was dominant in the sediment and biota samples. Our results demonstrate that regional variability in anthropogenic activity and land-use are important controls on the spatial pattern of microplastic pollution in Hangzhou Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lili Song
- Zhejiang Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Zhejiang Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Zhejiang Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Shixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhifu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Oceanography, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
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77
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Kwon JH, Kim JW, Pham TD, Tarafdar A, Hong S, Chun SH, Lee SH, Kang DY, Kim JY, Kim SB, Jung J. Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical Methods and Challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186710. [PMID: 32942613 PMCID: PMC7559051 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to microplastics contained in food has become a significant concern owing to the increasing accumulation of microplastics in the environment. In this paper, we summarize the presence of microplastics in food and the analytical methods used for isolation and identification of microplastics. Although a large number of studies on seafood such as fish and shellfish exist, estimating the overall human exposure to microplastics via food consumption is difficult owing to the lack of studies on other food items. Analytical methods still need to be optimized for appropriate recovery of microplastics in various food matrices, rendering a quantitative comparison of different studies challenging. In addition, microplastics could be added or removed from ingredients during processing or cooking. Thus, research on processed food is crucial to estimate the contribution of food to overall human microplastic consumption and to mitigate this exposure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (T.D.P.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-3290-3041
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (T.D.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Thanh Dat Pham
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (T.D.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Abhrajyoti Tarafdar
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (T.D.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Soonki Hong
- FITI Testing & Research Institute, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (S.H.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Sa-Ho Chun
- FITI Testing & Research Institute, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (S.H.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- FITI Testing & Research Institute, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (S.H.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Da-Young Kang
- FITI Testing & Research Institute, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (S.H.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Ju-Yang Kim
- Korea Institute of Analytical Science and Technology, Seoul 04790, Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-B.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Su-Bin Kim
- Korea Institute of Analytical Science and Technology, Seoul 04790, Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-B.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jaehak Jung
- Korea Institute of Analytical Science and Technology, Seoul 04790, Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-B.K.); (J.J.)
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78
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Tampau A, González-Martínez C, Chiralt A. Biodegradability and disintegration of multilayer starch films with electrospun PCL fibres encapsulating carvacrol. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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