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Efficacy of 1,550-nm Erbium-Glass Fractional Laser Treatment and Its Effect on the Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and Wnt/β-Catenin in Androgenetic Alopecia. Dermatol Surg 2018; 44:1295-1303. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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52
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Lugli F, Cipriani A, Tavaglione V, Traversari M, Benazzi S. Transhumance pastoralism of Roccapelago (Modena, Italy) early-modern individuals: Inferences from Sr isotopes of hair strands. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:470-483. [PMID: 30159877 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this work, we use Sr isotopes to analyze human hair and determine short-term movements of a contemporary human traveler and of early-modern individuals from an archaeological site (Roccapelago, Modena, Italy, 16th-18th century). MATERIALS AND METHODS Analyses were performed using a Neptune MC-ICP-MS. We first set up and tested the procedure on scalp hair of a contemporary human, who spent some time between Brazil and Italy. We then analyzed the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios of eight exceptionally well-preserved archaeological hair specimens associated with human mummies from Roccapelago. Trace elements were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS on single-hair specimens to check the preservation of the archaeological samples. RESULTS The strontium isotope composition of modern human hair varies from 0.7087 to 0.7093. The 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios of the Roccapelago hair strands range from 0.7082 to 0.7137, with an average of 0.7093 ± 0.0031 (2σ), revealing also intra-individual differences in isotopic composition along the length of the hair shaft. Data were compared with local archaeological rodent bones and teeth and with published isotopic values of water and outcropping rocks. Trace element abundances of archaeological and modern human hair are similarly low in terms of Rare Earth Element (REE) and metal contents, in particular after HNO3 leaching. DISCUSSION The variable modern human hair 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios show that high-resolution hair sampling tracks the movements of this individual between the two continents. The Sr isotope composition of the mummy hair is consistent with sub-annual human movements from Roccapelago to an area with different 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios. Historical sources indicate that individuals from Roccapelago travelled with their herds to Tuscany for transhumance pastoralism practices. The high radiogenic 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios (>0.71) found in some of the hair are possibly consistent with the Tuscan Magmatic Province and the Tuscan Metamorphic Complex isotope signature. To our knowledge, this is the first study in an archaeological context where the Sr isotope evidence of mobility is corroborated by historical documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lugli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Anna Cipriani
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Valentina Tavaglione
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mirko Traversari
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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Abdel-Hafez SM, Hathout RM, Sammour OA. Tracking the transdermal penetration pathways of optimized curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:753-764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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54
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Bertin ACJ, Vilarinho A, Junqueira ALA. Fractional non-ablative laser-assisted drug delivery leads to improvement in male and female pattern hair loss. J COSMET LASER THER 2018; 20:391-394. [DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2017.1418516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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55
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Mu F, Rong E, Jing Y, Yang H, Ma G, Yan X, Wang Z, Li Y, Li H, Wang N. Structural Characterization and Association of Ovine Dickkopf-1 Gene with Wool Production and Quality Traits in Chinese Merino. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E400. [PMID: 29261127 PMCID: PMC5748718 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling pathway and regulates hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. To investigate the potential involvement of DKK1 in wool production and quality traits, we characterized the genomic structure of ovine DKK1, performed polymorphism detection and association analysis of ovine DKK1 with wool production and quality traits in Chinese Merino. Our results showed that ovine DKK1 consists of four exons and three introns, which encodes a protein of 262 amino acids. The coding sequence of ovine DKK1 and its deduced amino acid sequence were highly conserved in mammals. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified within the ovine DKK1 genomic region. Gene-wide association analysis showed that SNP5 was significantly associated with mean fiber diameter (MFD) in the B (selected for long wool fiber and high-quality wool), PW (selected for high reproductive capacity, high clean wool yield and high-quality wool) and U (selected for long wool fiber with good uniformity, high wool yield and lower fiber diameter) strains (p < 4.55 × 10-3 = 0.05/11). Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms wide association analysis showed that SNP8 was significantly associated with MFD in A strain and fleece weight in A (selected for large body size), PM (selected for large body size, high reproductive capacity and high meat yield) and SF (selected for mean fiber diameter less than 18 μm and wool fiber length between 5 and 9 cm) strains (p < 0.05), SNP9 was significantly associated with curvature in B and U strains (p < 0.05) and SNP10 was significantly associated with coefficient of variation of fiber diameter in A, PW and PM strains and standard deviation of fiber diameter in A and PM strains (p < 0.05). The haplotypes derived from these 11 identified SNPs were significantly associated with MFD (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that DKK1 may be a major gene controlling wool production and quality traits, also the identified SNPs (SNPs5, 8, 9 and 10) might be used as potential molecular markers for improving sheep wool production and quality in sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Enguang Rong
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Guangwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yumao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
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Androgenic alopecia, premature graying, and hair thinning as independent predictors of coronary artery disease in young Asian males. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2017; 6:152-158. [PMID: 31646132 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We herewith aimed to explore the association of premature graying, androgenic alopecia (AGA), and hair thinning with coronary artery disease (CAD) in young (≤40 years) male individuals from Western India. Patients and methods In this prospective, case-control study, 1380 male individuals from a super speciality cardiac care center were enrolled, of which 468 were established cases of CAD and 912 were age-matched healthy male individuals not having history of any major illness including CAD. Details of demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and cutaneous markers were collected for both the groups. Results Prevalence of hypertension (30.3 vs. 13.6%), obesity (28.8 vs. 12.2%), hair thinning (36.3 vs. 14.6%), premature graying (49.6 vs. 29.9%), AGA (49.1 vs. 27.4%), and lipid abnormalities (total cholesterol - 16.7 vs. 8.8%; low-density lipoprotein - 7.3 vs. 2.2%; and high-density lipoprotein - 92.5 vs. 88.7%) were higher in cases as compared with control. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that AGA [5.619, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.025-7.845, P<0.0001] is the strongest predictor of CAD among young Asian male individuals, closely followed by premature graying (5.267, 95% CI: 3.716-7.466, P<0.0001), obesity (4.133, 95% CI: 2.839-6.018, P<0.0001), and hair thinning (3.36, 95% CI: 2.452-4.621, P<0.0001). SYNTAX score, left ventricle ejection fraction, and degree of disease severity were also found to be independent associates of premature graying and AGA. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that cutaneous markers are independently associated with underlying CAD irrespective of other classical cardiovascular risk factors. This, in combination with classical markers, could be effectively used for early identification and risk stratification of young patients with occult or established CAD.
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Yang M, Song S, Dong K, Chen X, Liu X, Rouzi M, Zhao Q, He X, Pu Y, Guan W, Ma Y, Jiang L. Skin transcriptome reveals the intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying hair follicle cycling in Cashmere goats under natural and shortened photoperiod conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13502. [PMID: 29044192 PMCID: PMC5647384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of cashmere exhibits a seasonal pattern arising from photoperiod change. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. We profiled the skin transcriptome of six goats at seven time points during hair follicle cycling via RNA-seq. The six goats comprised three goats exposed to a natural photoperiod and three exposed to a shortened photoperiod. During hair cycle transition, 1713 genes showed differential expression, and 332 genes showed a pattern of periodic expression. Moreover, a short photoperiod induced the hair follicle to enter anagen early, and 246 genes overlapped with the periodic genes. Among these key genes, cold-shock domain containing C2 (CSDC2) was highly expressed in the epidermis and dermis of Cashmere goat skin, although its function in hair-follicle development remains unknown. CSDC2 silencing in mouse fibroblasts resulted in the decreased mRNA expression of two key hair-follicle factors, leading to reduced cell numbers and a lower cell density. Cashmere growth or molting might be controlled by a set of periodic regulatory genes. The appropriate management of short light exposure can induce hair follicles to enter full anagen early through the activation of these regulators. The CSDC2 gene is a potentially important transcription factor in the hair growth cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - XiaoFei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuexue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Marhaba Rouzi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaohong He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yabin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weijun Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuehui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
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Epidermal E-Cadherin Dependent β-Catenin Pathway Is Phytochemical Inducible and Accelerates Anagen Hair Cycling. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2502-2512. [PMID: 28803863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike the epidermis, which regenerates continually, hair follicles anchored in the subcutis periodically regenerate by spontaneous repetitive cycles of growth (anagen), degeneration (catagen), and rest (telogen). The loss of hair follicles in response to injuries or pathologies such as alopecia endangers certain inherent functions of the skin. Thus, it is of interest to understand mechanisms underlying follicular regeneration in adults. In this work, a phytochemical rich in the natural vitamin E tocotrienol (TRF) served as a productive tool to unveil a novel epidermal pathway of hair follicular regeneration. Topical TRF application markedly induced epidermal hair follicle development akin to that during fetal skin development. This was observed in the skin of healthy as well as diabetic mice, which are known to be resistant to anagen hair cycling. TRF suppressed epidermal E-cadherin followed by 4-fold induction of β-catenin and its nuclear translocation. Nuclear β-catenin interacted with Tcf3. Such sequestration of Tcf3 from its otherwise known function to repress pluripotent factors induced the plasticity factors Oct4, Sox9, Klf4, c-Myc, and Nanog. Pharmacological inhibition of β-catenin arrested anagen hair cycling by TRF. This work reports epidermal E-cadherin/β-catenin as a novel pathway capable of inducing developmental folliculogenesis in the adult skin.
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59
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Kattou P, Lian G, Glavin S, Sorrell I, Chen T. Development of a Two-Dimensional Model for Predicting Transdermal Permeation with the Follicular Pathway: Demonstration with a Caffeine Study. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2036-2048. [PMID: 28660400 PMCID: PMC5579157 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The development of a new two-dimensional (2D) model to predict follicular permeation, with integration into a recently reported multi-scale model of transdermal permeation is presented. Methods The follicular pathway is modelled by diffusion in sebum. The mass transfer and partition properties of solutes in lipid, corneocytes, viable dermis, dermis and systemic circulation are calculated as reported previously [Pharm Res 33 (2016) 1602]. The mass transfer and partition properties in sebum are collected from existing literature. None of the model input parameters was fit to the clinical data with which the model prediction is compared. Results The integrated model has been applied to predict the published clinical data of transdermal permeation of caffeine. The relative importance of the follicular pathway is analysed. Good agreement of the model prediction with the clinical data has been obtained. The simulation confirms that for caffeine the follicular route is important; the maximum bioavailable concentration of caffeine in systemic circulation with open hair follicles is predicted to be 20% higher than that when hair follicles are blocked. Conclusions The follicular pathway contributes to not only short time fast penetration, but also the overall systemic bioavailability. With such in silico model, useful information can be obtained for caffeine disposition and localised delivery in lipid, corneocytes, viable dermis, dermis and the hair follicle. Such detailed information is difficult to obtain experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Kattou
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Guoping Lian
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
- Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Stephen Glavin
- Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Ian Sorrell
- Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
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Stojadinovic O, Wikramanayake TC, Villasante Fricke AC, Yin NC, Liang L, Hinde E, Escandon J, Tomic-Canic M, Ansell DM, Paus R, Jimenez JJ. Wound healing protects against chemotherapy-induced alopecia in young rats via up-regulating interleukin-1β-mediated signaling. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00309. [PMID: 28607955 PMCID: PMC5454141 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process regulated by various cell types and a plethora of mediators. While interactions between wounded skin and the hair follicles (HFs) could induce HF neogenesis or promote wound healing, it remains unknown whether the wound healing-associated signaling milieu can be manipulated to protect against alopecia, such as chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). Utilizing a well-established neonatal rat model of CIA, we show here that skin wounding protects from alopecia caused by several clinically relevant chemotherapeutic regimens, and that protection is dependent on the time of wounding and hair cycle stage. Gene expression profiling unveiled a significant increase in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mediated signaling by skin wounding. Subsequently, we showed that IL-1β is sufficient and indispensable for mediating the CIA-protective effect. Administration of IL-1β alone to unwounded rats exhibited local CIA protection while IL-1β neutralization abrogated CIA protection by wounding. Mechanistically, IL-1β retarded postnatal HF morphogenesis, making HFs at the wound sites or IL-1β treated areas damage-resistant while the rats developed total alopecia elsewhere. We conclude that wound healing switches the cutaneous cytokine milieu to an IL-1β-dominated state thus retarding HF growth progression and rendering the HFs resistant to chemotherapy agents. In the future, manipulation of HF progression through interfering with the IL-1β signaling milieu may provide therapeutic benefits to a variety of conditions, from prevention of CIA to inhibition of hair growth and treatment of hirsutism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Stojadinovic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra C Villasante Fricke
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Natalie C Yin
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Liang Liang
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eleanor Hinde
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julia Escandon
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Human Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Ansell
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Deptartment of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joaquin J Jimenez
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Huang Y, Zhuo F, Li L. Enhancing hair growth in male androgenetic alopecia by a combination of fractional CO2 laser therapy and hair growth factors. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1711-1718. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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62
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Su YS, Fan ZX, Xiao SE, Lin BJ, Miao Y, Hu ZQ, Liu H. Icariin promotes mouse hair follicle growth by increasing insulin-like growth factor 1 expression in dermal papillary cells. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:287-294. [PMID: 28211089 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icariin is a major flavonoid isolated from Epimedium spp. leaves (Epimedium Herba), and has multiple pharmacological functions, including anti-angiogenesis, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunoprotective effects. AIM To investigate whether icariin can stimulate growth of hair follicles in mice and the underlying mechanism. METHODS In vitro, the effect of icariin on hair growth was assessed by using a vibrissae hair follicle (VHF) organ-culture model. The proliferation of hair matrix keratinocytes and the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in follicles were examined by double immunostaining for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and IGF-1, in the presence or absence of icariin. Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) were cultured and IGF-1 level was measured by reverse transcription-PCR and ELISA after icariin treatment. In vivo, the effect of icariin on hair growth was examined by gavage feeding of icariin to mice whose backs had been depilated, and the conversion of telogen to anagen hair was observed. RESULTS Treatment with icariin promoted hair shaft elongation, prolonged the hair cycle growth phase (anagen) in cultured VHFs, and accelerated transition of hair cycle from telogen to anagen phase in the dorsal skin of mice. There was significant proliferation of matrix keratinocytes and an increased level of IGF-1 in cultured VHFs. Moreover, icariin treatment upregulated IGF-1 mRNA expression in DPCs and increased IGF-1 protein content in the conditioned medium of DPCs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that icariin can promote mouse hair follicle growth via stimulation of IGF-1 expression in DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Su
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Z-X Fan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - S-E Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - B-J Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Y Miao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Z-Q Hu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
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Orasan MS, Roman II, Coneac A, Muresan A, Orasan RI. Hair loss and regeneration performed on animal models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 89:327-34. [PMID: 27547051 PMCID: PMC4990426 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Research in the field of reversal hair loss remains a challenging subject. As Minoxidil 2% or 5% and Finasteride are so far the only FDA approved topical treatments for inducing hair regrowth, research is necessary in order to improve therapeutical approach in alopecia. In vitro studies have focused on cultures of a cell type - dermal papilla or organ culture of isolated cell follicles. In vivo research on this topic was performed on mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, sheep and monkeys, taking into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model and the depilation options. Further studies are required not only to compare the efficiency of different therapies but more importantly to establish their long term safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meda Sandra Orasan
- Department of Physiopathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Ioana Roman
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Coneac
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Muresan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Remus Ioan Orasan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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65
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Human Hair and the Impact of Cosmetic Procedures: A Review on Cleansing and Shape-Modulating Cosmetics. COSMETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics3030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Randall KJ, Foster JR. The Demonstration of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Methyl Methacrylate-Embedded Plucked Human Hair Follicles. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 35:952-7. [DOI: 10.1080/01926230701748198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plucked human hair follicles have been proposed as a potential surrogate for tumour tissue for measuring the effect of drugs on pharmacodynamic biomarkers in drug intervention studies. We describe a new technique of embedding plucked hair follicles in the acrylic resin, methyl methacrylate, and the immunohistochemical demonstration of six potential biomarkers (Ki67, EGFR, phospho-p27, phospho-histone H3, phospho-MAPK and phospho-Rb) in de-plasticised sections. The advantages of this technique over those that have been used in support of clinical drug trials, such as skin and tumour biopsies, whole blood and whole hair samples is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Randall
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - John R. Foster
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
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Hot water extract of oriental melon leaf promotes hair growth and prolongs anagen hair cycle: In vivo and in vitro evaluation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:575-580. [PMID: 30263308 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of hot water extracts of oriental melon leaves (OML) on promotion of hair growth were investigated. Topical OML extract administration for hair regeneration was investigated using an in vivo model with C57BL/6 mice. Effects of OML extracts on the human hair growth were investigated using a hair follicle organ culture. OML extracts induced a shortened telogen to anagen conversion and promoted hair growth in the C57BL/6 mouse model. Culture of human hair follicles in the presence of OML extracts for 8 days promoted hair growth and prolonged the anagen duration due to induction of hair follicle cell proliferation in the bulb region. OML extracts exert a hair growth promotion effect and, therefore, can be used as a therapeutic agent for prevention of hair loss.
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Shin HJ, Lee DJ, Kwon K, Seo HS, Jeong HS, Lee JY, Ha KT, Lee CH, Jang YS, Lee BW, Kim BJ, Jung MH. The Success of Thread-embedding Therapy in Generating Hair Re-growth in Mice Points to Its Possibly Having a Similar Effect in Humans. J Pharmacopuncture 2016; 18:20-5. [PMID: 26998386 PMCID: PMC4797588 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2015.18.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Recently, thread-embedding therapy (TET) has been widely applied in Korean medicine for cosmetic purposes such as reducing skin wrinkles. An inserted thread was reported to have induced continuous stimulation, followed by support for connective tissue regeneration. However, the potential role of TET in hairgrowth has not yet been reported. Methods: We designed this study to evaluate whether TET has a hair-growth-promoting effect. C57 black 6 (C57BL/6) mice were divided into three groups: normal saline-treated, minoxidil-treated, and thread-embedded groups. Normal saline or 5% minoxidil was topically sprayed on the dorsal skin of the mice once a day for 16 days. Medical threads were embedded into the dorsal skin of the mice in a single application. Hair growth activity was evaluated by using dermoscopic and microscopic observations. Sections of the dorsal skin were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Expressions of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF-7), and fibroblast growth factor-5 (FGF-5) were detected by using immunohistochemical staining. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was adopted to measure the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of FGF-7 and FGF-5. Results: TET enhanced anagen development in the hair follicles of C57BL/6 mice. The expressions of BrdU and PCNA, both of which imply active cellular proliferation, were increased by using TET. Moreover, TET increased the expression of FGF-7, an anagen-inducing growth factor, while decreasing the expression of FGF-5, an anagen-cessation growth factor, both at the protein and the mRNA levels. Conclusion: TET enhanced hair re-growth in C57BL/6 mice. TET regulated the expressions of anagen-associated growth factors and activated the proliferation of hair follicular cells in depilated skin lesions. Considering its long-lasting effect, TET may be a good alternative therapeutic for the treatment of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jong Shin
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kang Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Han-Sol Jeong
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Lee
- Department of Medical Classics and History, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Myeong-Ho Jung
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Gao Y, Wang X, Yan H, Zeng J, Ma S, Niu Y, Zhou G, Jiang Y, Chen Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Fetal Skin Reveals Key Genes Related to Hair Follicle Morphogenesis in Cashmere Goats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151118. [PMID: 26959817 PMCID: PMC4784850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cashmere goat skin contains two types of hair follicles (HF): primary hair follicles (PHF) and secondary hair follicles (SHF). Although multiple genetic determinants associated with HF formation have been identified, the molecules that determine the independent morphogenesis of HF in cashmere goats remain elusive. The growth and development of SHF directly influence the quantity and quality of cashmere production. Here, we report the transcriptome profiling analysis of nine skin samples from cashmere goats using 60- and 120-day-old embryos (E60 and E120, respectively), as well as newborns (NB), through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). HF morphological changes indicated that PHF were initiated at E60, with maturation from E120, while differentiation of SHF was identified at E120 until formation of cashmere occurred after birth (NB). The RNA-sequencing analysis generated over 20.6 million clean reads from each mRNA library. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in E60 vs. E120, E120 vs. NB, and E60 vs. NB were 1,024, 0 and 1,801, respectively, indicating that no significant differences were found at transcriptomic levels between E120 and NB. Key genes including B4GALT4, TNC, a-integrin, and FGFR1, were up-regulated and expressed in HF initiation from E60 to E120, while regulatory genes such as GPRC5D, PAD3, HOXC13, PRR9, VSIG8, LRRC15, LHX2, MSX-2, and FOXN1 were up-regulated and expressed in HF keratinisation and hair shaft differentiation from E120 and NB to E60. Several genes belonging to the KRT and KRTAP gene families were detected throughout the three HF developmental stages. The transcriptional trajectory analyses of all DEGs indicated that immune privilege, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and growth factor receptors all played dominant roles in the epithelial-mesenchymal interface and HF formation. We found that the Wnt, transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein, and Notch family members played vital roles in HF differentiation and maturation. The DEGs we found could be attributed to the generation and development of HF, and thus will be critically important for improving the quantity and quality of fleece production in animals for fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxian Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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70
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Xu Y, Liu J, Hua L, Xiao Y, Tian Y, Guo S, Zhang X, He C, Wang L, Yu Y. An immune regulatory CCT repeat containing oligodeoxynucleotide capable of causing hair loss in male mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1161-1172. [PMID: 26764315 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115626579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An oligodeoxynucleotide with CCT repeats (CCT ODN) has been found in our previous study to selectively downregulate Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9)-mediated immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we unexpectedly found that CCT ODN induced severe patchy hair loss around the mouth in male F1 mice (female Balb/c × male C57BL/6) with lupus-like nephritis induced by injecting allogenic lymphocytes and also in male Balb/c mice, but not in female F1 mice and Balb/c mice and either gender of C57BL/6 mice. Increased infiltration of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D+) cells in hair loss skin and upregulated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) messenger RNA expression in cultured splenocytes were observed in male Balb/c mice. The CCT ODN-conditioned supernatants of cultured mouse splenocytes caused catagen-like changes to hair follicles (HFs). We hypothesized that the CCT ODN could induce patchy hair loss in the male mice with certain genetic traits by mobilizing NKG2D+ cells to HFs and by inducing the production of IFN-γ from immune cells. Taken together these data indicated that a gender and genetic preference of immune-regulatory oligonucleotides is causing unexpected clinical situations such as hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - J Liu
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - L Hua
- 2 Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Unit of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Xiao
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Tian
- 3 Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - S Guo
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - X Zhang
- 2 Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Unit of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - C He
- 2 Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Unit of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - L Wang
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Yu
- 2 Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Unit of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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71
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Su Y, Liu H, Wang J, Lin B, Miao Y, Hu Z. Antimicrobial peptide lysozyme has the potential to promote mouse hair follicle growth in vitro. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:798-802. [PMID: 26257011 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lysozyme is a well-known antimicrobial peptide that exists widely in mammalian skin and it is also expressed by pilosebaceous units. However, the exact location of lysozyme in hair follicles and whether it exerts any direct effects on hair follicle growth are unclear. To determine whether lysozyme affected hair growth in vitro, micro-dissected mouse vibrissae follicles (VFs) were treated in serum-free organ culture for 3 days with lysozyme (1-10μg/ml). After that, the effects of lysozyme on dermal papilla (DP) cells were also investigated. Lysozyme was mainly identified in DP and dermal sheath regions of VF by immunochemistry. In addition, 5-10μg/ml lysozyme had a promoting effect on shaft production. It was also associated with significant proliferation of matrix keratinocytes by immunofluorescence observation. Furthermore, lysozyme promoted hair growth by increasing the levels of alkaline phosphatase and lymphoid enhancer factor 1 in DP, as determined by Western blotting. These results indicate that lysozyme is a promoter of VF growth via enhancing the hair-inductive capacity of DP cells during organ culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Su
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bojie Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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72
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Fibroblast growth factor 5-short (FGF5s) inhibits the activity of FGF5 in primary and secondary hair follicle dermal papilla cells of cashmere goats. Gene 2015; 575:393-398. [PMID: 26390813 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine the relationship between fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) and FGF5-short (FGF5s) in dermal papilla cells of cashmere goat primary and secondary hair follicles. We isolated dermal papilla cells from primary hair follicle (PHF) and secondary hair follicle (SHF) of cashmere goat, and found that the FGF5 receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), was expressed in these two types of dermal papilla cells. Moreover, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of FGF5 could upregulate the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), versican and noggin that were important for follicle growth maintenance, whereas downregulate the expression of anagen chalone bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in dermal papilla cells. However, these alterations were partly reversed by FGF5s overexpression. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that FGF5s acted as an inhibitor of FGF5 in the regulation of anagen-catagen transition of cashmere goat dermal papilla cells.
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73
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Rong E, Zhang Z, Qiao S, Yang H, Yan X, Li H, Wang N. Functional Characterization of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the 3' Untranslated Region of Sheep DLX3 Gene. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137135. [PMID: 26332462 PMCID: PMC4558038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Distal-less 3 (homeobox protein DLX-3), a transcription factor, is critical for the development of hair follicle and hair formation and regeneration. We previously identified and found that four SNPs (c. *118T>C, c. *228T>C, c. *688A>G and c. *1,038_1,039 insC) in 3' untranslated region (UTR) of sheep DLX3 were in high linkage disequilibrium with each other and significantly associated with wool crimp (P<0.05), however, the underlying mechanisms by which these SNPs affect the wool crimp remains unknown. In the present study, we performed association analysis between these four identified SNPs and DLX3 gene expression in sheep skin using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that these SNPs were significantly associated with sheep skin DLX3 mRNA expression levels. Then, we constructed DLX3 3'UTR luciferase reporters and validated the association. The reporter assays showed that the three major haplotypes, derived from the four SNPs, had significantly different effects on luciferase reporter activity and the four SNPs also had significantly different allelic effects on the luciferase reporter activity (p < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the SNP (c. *1,038_1,039 insC) was located within a potential miR-188 binding site of the 3'UTR of sheep DLX3 mRNA. This SNP may affect miR-188-mediated DLX3 gene expression and result in phenotypic variation. To test the hypothesis, we investigated the effects of miR-188 mimic and inhibitor on the activity of the DLX3 3'UTR luciferase reporter with different SNP alleles. The results showed that in both sheep fetal fibroblasts (SFFs) and human HaCaT cells, miR-188 mimic could significantly decrease the allele D (deletion) luciferase reporter activity (p < 0.05), but miR-188 inhibitor could increased the reporter activitiy. However, neither miR-188 mimc nor inhibitor could influence the allele I (insertion) reporter activity. In addition, transfection of miR-188 mimic dramatically decreased the endogenous expression of DLX3 in SFFs (p < 0.05). Taken together, we demonstrated that DLX3 is a target gene of miR-188 and the SNP (c. *1,038_1,039 insC) is a functional SNP, and affects miR-188-mediated gene regulation of sheep DLX3. Our finding may in part explain allelic difference in gene expression and wool crimp in our tested sheep population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Rong
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shupei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Wang R, Su R, Li J. SNP Discovery from Transcriptome of Cashmere Goat Skin. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1235-43. [PMID: 26323515 PMCID: PMC4554862 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goat Capra hircus is one of several economically important livestock in China. Advances in molecular genetics have led to the identification of several single nucleotide variation markers associated with genes affecting economic traits. Validation of single nucleotide variations in a whole-transcriptome sequencing is critical for understanding the information of molecular genetics. In this paper, we aim to develop a large amount of convinced single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for Cashmere goat through transcriptome sequencing. In this study, the transcriptomes of Cashmere goat skin at four stages were measured using RNA-sequencing and 90% to 92% unique-mapped-reads were obtained from total-mapped-reads. A total of 56,231 putative SNPs distributed among 10,057 genes were identified. The average minor allele frequency of total SNPs was 18%. GO and KEGG pathway analysis were conducted to analyze the genes containing SNPs. Our follow up biological validation revealed that 64% of SNPs were true SNPs. Our results show that RNA-sequencing is a fast and efficient method for identification of a large number of SNPs. This work provides significant genetic resources for further research on Cashmere goats, especially for the high density linkage map construction and genome-wide association studies.
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75
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New Insight Into the Immunostaining Method Suitable for the Pilosebaceous Complex Unit. Am J Dermatopathol 2015; 38:79-81. [PMID: 26067285 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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76
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Lin CM, Yuan YP, Chen XC, Li HH, Cai BZ, Liu Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Huang K. Expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, stem-cell markers and proliferating cell markers in rat whisker hair follicles. J Mol Histol 2015; 46:233-40. [PMID: 25832347 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The rat whisker hair follicle (HF) is a model for studying the reconstruction of the HF or dermal papilla (DP), and involves the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is a key pathway in HF development and HF cycling after birth. It has been reported that Wnt/catenin signaling plays an indispensable role in human or rat pelages development and postnatal growth. However, the distribution of some Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway factors and their relationship with the epithelial stem cell markers in whisker follicles has not been characterized. In this study, we investigated the immunolocalization of Wnt/catenin signaling pathway members, including Wnt10b, Wnt10a, Wnt5a, β-catenin, and downstream lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) and transcription factor 3 (TCF3), as well as, HF stem-cell markers CD34, CK15 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein, in rat anagen phase whisker follicles. β-catenin, Wnt5a, Wnt10b, Wnt10a, LEF1, and TCF3 were expressed in the outer root sheath (ORS), inner root sheath, matrix and hair shaft of anagen follicles. β-catenin, Wnt10b, LEF1, and TCF3 were highly expressed and Wnt5a and Wnt10a weakly expressed in DP and dermal sheath (DS) regions. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin was strong in the lower DS and it was also detected in some DP cells. CD34, CK15 and PCNA were all expressed in the ORS; and CD34 and PCNA were also detected in the matrix, however CD34 was extensively expressed in DP and DS regions. Our studies located the position of Wnts, downstream LEF1 and TCF3 and stem cell marker proteins, which provide new information in understanding the role of the Wnt singaling pathway in whisker follicles' growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-min Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 XinLing Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Expression profiling reveals genes involved in the regulation of wool follicle bulb regression and regeneration in sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9152-66. [PMID: 25915029 PMCID: PMC4463583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wool is an important material in textile manufacturing. In order to investigate the intrinsic factors that regulate wool follicle cycling and wool fiber properties, Illumina sequencing was performed on wool follicle bulb samples from the middle anagen, catagen and late telogen/early anagen phases. In total, 13,898 genes were identified. KRTs and KRTAPs are the most highly expressed gene families in wool follicle bulb. In addition, 438 and 203 genes were identified to be differentially expressed in wool follicle bulb samples from the middle anagen phase compared to the catagen phase and the samples from the catagen phase compared to the late telogen/early anagen phase, respectively. Finally, our data revealed that two groups of genes presenting distinct expression patterns during the phase transformation may have important roles for wool follicle bulb regression and regeneration. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the gene expression patterns in the wool follicle bulb and add new data towards an understanding of the mechanisms involved in wool fiber growth in sheep.
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78
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Azar RP, Thomas AH, Lindner G. Hair Follicle Plasticity with Complemented Immune-modulation Following Follicular Unit Extraction. Int J Trichology 2015; 7:16-23. [PMID: 25878444 PMCID: PMC4387692 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.153451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During hair transplantation as an effective therapy for androgenetic alopecia, hair follicles were typically trans-located from the nonaffected occipital to the balding frontal or vertex region of the scalp. Although this is an autologous intervention, the donor and recipient hair follicle tissue differ in composition and local environment. Settings and Design: In two case studies, we investigated the changes in hair follicle morphology and the immune status of scalp and body hair follicles from different origins transplanted to the eyebrows and the frontal scalp using follicular unit extraction. Results: Quantitative histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry revealed a transformation in hair follicle length and dermal papilla size of the scalp, chest and beard hair follicles, which had been re-extracted after a 6-month period posttransplantation. Furthermore, a significant infiltration of B and T lymphocytes as well as macrophages could be observed most prominently in the infundibulum of transplanted hair follicles. Conclusion: The presented results demonstrate that hair follicle units from different body sites are capable to replace miniaturized or degraded hair follicles in different recipient areas like scalp or eyebrows as they keep their intrinsic capability or acquire the potential to readjust plastically within the beneficiary skin region. The essential secretory crosstalk underlying the observed tissue remodeling is possibly mediated by the infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza P Azar
- Zentrum für Moderne Haartransplantation/Centre for Modern Hair Transplantation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander H Thomas
- University for Technologies Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Lindner
- University for Technologies Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany
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Aggarwal A, Srivastava S, Agarwal MP, Dwivedi S. Premature Graying of Hair: An Independent Risk Marker for Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers - A Retrospective Case Control Study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2015; 25:123-8. [PMID: 26124619 PMCID: PMC4478263 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v25i2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature graying of hair as a risk marker among young smokers has a potential of identifying coronary artery disease (CAD) at a very early stage. There is absence of literature that assesses premature graying of hair as an independent marker of CAD in smokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present single-centre case control study enrolled a total of 62 consecutive chronic smokers (≤ 45 years) (Group I) and 60 consecutive young CAD patients (≤45 years) who were chronic smokers (Group II). Another group comprising of 114 patients (≤45 years) having no smoking history and no cardiac ailments either (Group III) was enrolled as control population. All subjects were males. A detailed history and clinical examination regarding conventional coronary risk factors and carotid intima media thickness was done in both groups. RESULTS The carotid intima media thickness, dyslipidemia and blood pressure were significantly higher in group I and II as compared to group III. When the groups were compared for graying of hair, it was found that the group II (i.e., smokers and CAD) had maximum prevalence of graying which was significantly higher than the control as well as smoker groups. The presence of premature graying of hair was associated with 3.24 times the risk of CAD on multiple logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION The presence of premature graying of hair was associated with an increased risk of CAD in young smokers. Premature graying of hair can be used as preliminary evidence by clinicians for classifying patients at risk for premature CAD especially in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - S Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida
| | - M P Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - S Dwivedi
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Associated HAH Centenary Hospital, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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80
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Lan S, Liu F, Zhao G, Zhou T, Wu C, Kou J, Fan R, Qi X, Li Y, Jiang Y, Bai T, Li P, Liu L, Hao D, Zhang L, Li Y, Liu JY. Cyclosporine A increases hair follicle growth by suppressing apoptosis-inducing factor nuclear translocation: a new mechanism. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 29:191-203. [PMID: 25619112 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) enhances hair growth through caspase-dependent pathways by retarding anagen-to-catagen phase transition in the hair follicle growth cycle. Whether apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a protein that induces caspase-independent apoptosis, can regulate the hair follicle cycle in response to CsA is currently unclear. Here, we show that the pro-hair growth properties of CsA are in part due to blockage of AIF nuclear translocation. We first isolate hair follicles from murine dorsal skin. We then used Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to evaluate the expression and localization of AIF in hair follicles. We also determined whether modulation of AIF was responsible for the effects of CsA at the anagen-to-catagen transition. AIF was expressed in hair follicles during the anagen, catagen and telogen phases. There was significant nuclear translocation of AIF as hair follicles transitioned from anagen to late catagen phase; this was inhibited by CsA, likely due to reduced cyclophilin A expression and attenuated AIF release from mitochondria. However, we note that AIF translocation was not completely eliminated, which likely explains why the transition to catagen phase was severely retarded by CsA, rather than being completely inhibited. We speculate that blockade of the AIF signalling pathway is a critical event required for CsA-dependent promotion of hair growth in mice. The study of AIF-related signalling pathways may provide insight into hair diseases and suggest potential novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
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81
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Wang L, Guo LL, Wang LH, Zhang GX, Shang J, Murao K, Chen DF, Fan XH, Fu WQ. Oxidative stress and substance P mediate psychological stress-induced autophagy and delay of hair growth in mice. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 307:171-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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82
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이복순. Effects of Sandalwood Oil on Aspects of Hair Growth in a C57BL/6 Mouse Model of Alopecia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.15810/jic.2014.10.4.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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83
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Zhang P, Kling RE, Ravuri SK, Kokai LE, Rubin JP, Chai JK, Marra KG. A review of adipocyte lineage cells and dermal papilla cells in hair follicle regeneration. J Tissue Eng 2014; 5:2041731414556850. [PMID: 25383178 PMCID: PMC4221925 DOI: 10.1177/2041731414556850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is an exceedingly prevalent problem effecting men and women of all ages. The standard of care for alopecia involves either transplanting existing hair follicles to bald areas or attempting to stimulate existing follicles with topical and/or oral medication. Yet, these treatment options are fraught with problems of cost, side effects, and, most importantly, inadequate long-term hair coverage. Innovative cell-based therapies have focused on the dermal papilla cell as a way to grow new hair in previously bald areas. However, despite this attention, many obstacles exist, including retention of dermal papilla inducing ability and maintenance of dermal papilla productivity after several passages of culture. The use of adipocyte lineage cells, including adipose-derived stem cells, has shown promise as a cell-based solution to regulate hair regeneration and may help in maintaining or increasing dermal papilla cells inducing hair ability. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of the cellular contribution and regulation of dermal papilla cells and summarize adipocyte lineage cells in hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Russell E Kling
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sudheer K Ravuri
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren E Kokai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Peter Rubin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jia-Ke Chai
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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84
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Liu WH, Chang YL, Lo WL, Li HY, Hsiao CW, Peng CH, Chiou SH, Ma HI, Chen SJ. Human induced pluripotent stem cell and nanotechnology-based therapeutics. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:2185-95. [PMID: 25299513 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x685113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state and can provide promising medical applications, such as diagnosis, prognosis, drug screening for therapeutical development, and monitoring disease progression. Despite myriad advances, traditional viral-based reprogramming for generating hiPSCs has safety risks that hinder further practical applications of hiPSCs. In the past decade, nonviral-based reprogramming has been used as an alternative to produce hiPSCs and enhance their differentiation. In addition, the efficiency of nonviral-based reprogramming is generally poor, compared to that of viral-based reprogramming. Recent studies in nanoscale-structured particles have made progress in addressing many applications of hiPSCs for clinical practice. The combination of hiPSCs and nanotechnology will actually act as the therapeutic platform for personalized medicine and can be the remedies against various diseases in the future. In this article, we review recent advances in cellular reprogramming and hiPSC-related research, such as cell source, delivery system, and direct reprogramming, as well as some of its potential clinical applications, including mitochondrial and retinal disease. We also briefly summarize the current incorporation of nanotechnology in patient-specific hiPSCs for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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85
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Dror Y, Hopp M. Hair for brain trade-off, a metabolic bypass for encephalization. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:562. [PMID: 25332862 PMCID: PMC4190188 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hair loss in humans is perplexing and raises many hypothetical explanations. This paper suggests that hair loss in humans is metabolically related to encephalization; and that hair covered hominids would have been unable to evolve large brains because of a dietary restriction of several amino acids which are essential for hair and brain development. We use simulations to imply that hair loss must have preceded increase in brain size & volume. In this respect we see hair loss as a major force in human evolution. We assume that hair reduction required favorable climatic conditions and must have been quick. Using evolutionary and ecological time scales, we pinpoint hair loss to a period around 2.2-2.4 million years ago. The dating is further supported by a rapid selection at that time of the sialic acid deletion mutation which may have protected growing human brains against calcium ion flux. In summary we view encephalization, in part, as a metabolic trade-off between hair and brain. Other biochemical changes may have intervened in the process too; and the deletion mutation of sialic acid hydroxylation may have been involved as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Dror
- Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Hopp
- Department of Geography, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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86
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Abstract
It has been demonstrated that nanoparticles used for follicular delivery provide some advantages over conventional pathways, including improved skin bioavailability, enhanced penetration depth, prolonged residence duration, fast transport into the skin and tissue targeting. This review describes recent developments using nanotechnology approaches for drug delivery into the follicles. Different types of nanosystems may be employed for management of follicular permeation, such as polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanocrystals, liposomes, and lipid nanoparticles. This review systematically introduces the mechanisms of follicles for nanoparticulate penetration, highlighting the therapeutic potential of drug-loaded nanoparticles for treating skin diseases. Special attention is paid to the use of nanoparticles in treating appendage-related disorders, in particular, nanomedical strategies for treating alopecia, acne, and transcutaneous immunization.
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87
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LI ZHENG, LI JINGJIE, GU LIJUAN, BEGUM SHAHNAZ, WANG YUNBO, SUN BAISHEN, LEE MIRA, SUNG CHANGKEUN. Chrysanthemum zawadskii extract induces hair growth by stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of hair matrix. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:130-6. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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88
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Clinical Evidence for the Relationship between Nail Configuration and Mechanical Forces. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2014; 2:e115. [PMID: 25289309 PMCID: PMC4174141 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Summary: Mechanobiology is an emerging field of science that focuses on the way physical forces and changes in cell or tissue mechanics contribute to development, physiology, and disease. As nails are always exposed to physical stimulation, mechanical forces may have a particularly pronounced effect on nail configuration and could be involved in the development of nail deformities. However, the role of mechanobiology in nail configuration and deformities has rarely been assessed. This review describes what is currently understood regarding the effect of mechanical force on nail configuration and deformities. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesize that nails have an automatic curvature function that allows them to adapt to the daily upward mechanical forces. Under normal conditions, the upward daily mechanical force and the automatic curvature force are well balanced. However, an imbalance between these 2 forces may cause nail deformation. For example, pincer nails may be caused by the absence of upward mechanical forces or a genetic propensity increase in the automatic curvature force, whereas koilonychias may occur when the upward mechanical force exceeds the automatic curvature force, thereby causing the nail to curve outward. This hypothesis is a new concept that could aid the development of innovative methods to prevent and treat nail deformities.
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89
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Shin HS, Park SY, Hwang ES, Lee DG, Song HG, Mavlonov GT, Yi TH. The inductive effect of ginsenoside F2 on hair growth by altering the WNT signal pathway in telogen mouse skin. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 730:82-9. [PMID: 24613976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to confirm the possibility of using minor ginseng saponin F2 by oral administration on hair anagen induction effects. The signaling pathway and anagen induction effect of ginsenoside F2 were investigated and compared with finasteride on the effect of hair growth induction. The cell-based MTT assay results indicated that the proliferation rates of HHDPC and HaCaT treated with F2 significantly increased by 30% compared with the finasteride-treated group. A western blot study showed that the expression of β-catenin Lef-1 and DKK-1 increased by 140, 200% and decreased by 40% in the F2-treated group, respectively compared to that of finasteride-treated group. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the same treatments. The hair growth promotion rates were compared with groups treated with finasteride, which was 20% higher in the F2-treated group. Tissue histological analysis results showed the number of hair follicles, thickness of the epidermis, and follicles of the anagen phase which increased in the F2-treated group, compared with the finasteride-treated groups. Moreover, the effect of F2 on hair growth was confirmed through the immunofluorescence (IF) methods indicating the expression aspect of Wnt signal pathway-related factors in the tissue of C57BL/6 mouse. Our results considered the expression increase in β-catenin, Lef-1 which was suggested as a major factor related to the development and growth of hair follicle and the decrease in DKK-1 when entering catagen by F2. As the data showed, F2 might be a potential new therapeutic source for anagen induction and hair growth through the Wnt signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Sub Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Eun-Son Hwang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Don-Gil Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Geun Song
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Gafurjon T Mavlonov
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea.
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90
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Yang J, Li Y, Erol D, Wu WH, Tsai YT, Li XR, Davis RJ, Tsang SH. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from conjunctiva. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:423-31. [PMID: 24492934 PMCID: PMC3974167 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine whether cells from the conjunctiva could be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, providing an alternative source of stem cells. METHODS We employed a doxycycline-induced reprogrammable mouse strain to generate iPS cells from conjunctiva. The identity of the stem cells was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence assays. Immunocytochemistry and teratoma assays are established means for scoring stem cell pluripotency. The reprogramming efficiencies of conjunctival cells and ear fibroblasts were compared. RESULTS We confirmed the identity of the stem cells and demonstrated expression of pluripotency markers (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and SSEA1), as tested by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence assays. In addition, derived iPS cells differentiated successfully into embryoid bodies, and showed teratoma formation when injected into immunodeficient mice. Reprogramming conjunctival tissue is as efficient as reprogramming ear fibroblasts. Conjunctiva-iPS exhibited classic features of embryonic stem (ES) cells with respect to morphology, expression of surface antigens, and pluripotency-associated transcription factors, capacity to differentiate in vitro, and the ability to form all three germ layers in vivo. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that conjunctival cells, which are readily obtained during the course of many routine conjunctival biopsies and ophthalmic procedures, can be another reliable source of iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- TianJin Medical University Eye Hospital, TianJin, 300384, China
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yao Li
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Deniz Erol
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Wu
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiao-Rong Li
- TianJin Medical University Eye Hospital, TianJin, 300384, China
| | - Richard J. Davis
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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91
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Wu HL, Pang SL, Liu QZ, Wang Q, Cai MX, Shang J. 5-HT1A/1B receptors as targets for optimizing pigmentary responses in C57BL/6 mouse skin to stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89663. [PMID: 24586946 PMCID: PMC3931828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress has been reported to induce alterations of skin pigmentary response. Acute stress is associated with increased turnover of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) whereas chronic stress causes a decrease. 5-HT receptors have been detected in pigment cells, indicating their role in skin pigmentation. To ascertain the precise role of 5-HT in stress-induced pigmentary responses, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to chronic restraint stress and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CRS and CUMS, two models of chronic stress) for 21 days, finally resulting in abnormal pigmentary responses. Subsequently, stressed mice were characterized by the absence of a black pigment in dorsal coat. The down-regulation of tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related proteins (TRP1 and TRP2) expression in stressed skin was accompanied by reduced levels of 5-HT and decreased expression of 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) system. In both murine B16F10 melanoma cells and normal human melanocytes (NHMCs), 5-HT had a stimulatory effect on melanin production, dendricity and migration. When treated with 5-HT in cultured hair follicles (HFs), the increased expression of melanogenesis-related genes and the activation of 5-HT1A, 1B and 7 receptors also occurred. The serum obtained from stressed mice showed significantly decreased tyrosinase activity in NHMCs compared to that from nonstressed mice. The decrease in tyrosinase activity was further augmented in the presence of 5-HTR1A, 1B and 7 antagonists, WAY100635, SB216641 and SB269970. In vivo, stressed mice received 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan (5-HTP), a member of the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine; FX) and 5-HTR1A/1B agonists (8-OH-DPAT/CP94253), finally contributing to the normalization of pigmentary responses. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the serotoninergic system plays an important role in the regulation of stress-induced depigmentation, which can be mediated by 5-HT1A/1B receptors. 5-HT and 5-HTR1A/1B may constitute novel targets for therapy of skin hypopigmentation disorders, especially those worsened with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Li Wu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Lin Pang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong-Zhen Liu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min-Xuan Cai
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Shang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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92
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Kim BK, Yoon SK. Expression of sfrp2 is increased in catagen of hair follicles and inhibits keratinocyte proliferation. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:79-87. [PMID: 24648690 PMCID: PMC3956799 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hair follicles undergo cycles of repeated growth and regression. The Wnt pathway plays an important role in the regeneration and differentiation of hair follicles. Sfrp2, a Wnt inhibitor, is involved in the developmental and disease processes of various cells and tissues by modulating the Wnt pathway. Objective The aim of this study was to understand the role of Sfrp2 in hair follicles through investigation of the Sfrp2 expression pattern in the skin and its effect on keratinocytes. Methods We investigated Sfrp2 mRNA expression and the expression of the wnt target genes, Ccnd1 and C-myc, at various mouse hair follicle developmental stages using Real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also investigated the effect of SFRP2 on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse keratinocyte cells by adding SFRP2 protein or overexpressing Sfrp2 using an in vitro culture system. Results Sfrp2 expression peaked in the catagen phase and remained high until telogen, and then declined at the beginning of the next anagen. An inverse relationship to Sfrp2 expression was found for the expression of the Wnt target genes, C-myc and Ccnd1. In addition, we also observed inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in the presence of SFRP2. Conclusion These results suggest that Sfrp2 may play a role in the catagen phase by inhibiting the proliferation of keratinocyte and functioning as a Wnt inhibitor in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim Yoon
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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93
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Kim BK, Lee HY, Kim I, Choi K, Park J, Yoon SK. Increased expression of Dkk1 by HR is associated with alteration of hair cycle in hairpoor mice. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 74:81-7. [PMID: 24447645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hairless (Hr), a transcriptional corepressor expressed mainly in the skin, regulates hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and hair cycling. Recently, we reported a new Hr mutant mouse, "Hairpoor" (Hr(Hp)), that resembles the human hair disorder Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis (MUHH) in the heterozygous state. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is critical for homeostasis in various adult tissues including skin and HFs. One of the Wnt inhibitors, Dickkopf (Dkk), inhibits hair growth during the hair cycle as a catagen inducer of apoptosis, resulting in HF reductions. OBJECTIVE To investigate regulation of Dkk1 by HR and its effect on hair formation. METHODS The relative expression of Dkk1 in (+)/Hr(HP) and Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) mice during the hair cycle was investigated using real time PCR and Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed in order to confirm abnormal expression of Dkk1 in HFs of (+)/Hr(HP) and Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) mice. To determine whether Dkk1 expression was also regulated by HR in vitro, an Hr-transient transfection experiment was performed. Alteration of the hair cycle in Hr(HP) heterozygous mice was identified by determination of the hair cycle and measurement of HF length. RESULTS Dkk1 expression was increased in the skin of (+)/Hr(HP) and Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) mice, as well as in Hr-overexpressing mouse keratinocytes. Additionally, an earlier entrance of HFs into catagen and shortened HF length in (+)/Hr(HP) mice compared to wild-type mice was observed. CONCLUSION Study results suggested that up-regulation of Dkk1 by HR contributed to abnormal development of HFs and failure in regeneration of HFs in Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) mice. These findings also indicated that alteration of the hair cycle in (+)/Hr(HP) mice was related to the up-regulation of Dkk1 by HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Injung Kim
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonwoo Choi
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkeun Park
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo K Yoon
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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94
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Buffoli B, Rinaldi F, Labanca M, Sorbellini E, Trink A, Guanziroli E, Rezzani R, Rodella LF. The human hair: from anatomy to physiology. Int J Dermatol 2013; 53:331-41. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Buffoli
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences; University of Brescia; Brescia Italy
| | | | - Mauro Labanca
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences; University of Brescia; Brescia Italy
| | | | | | | | - Rita Rezzani
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences; University of Brescia; Brescia Italy
| | - Luigi F. Rodella
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences; University of Brescia; Brescia Italy
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95
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Jia Q, Zhang M, Kong Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Lang W, Zhang L, Zhang L. Activin B promotes initiation and development of hair follicles in mice. Cells Tissues Organs 2013; 198:318-26. [PMID: 24356544 DOI: 10.1159/000356304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin B has been reported to promote the regeneration of hair follicles during wound healing. However, its role in the development and life cycle of hair follicles has not been elucidated. In our study, the effect of activin B on mouse hair follicles of cultured and neonatal mouse skin was investigated. In these models, PBS or activin B (5, 10 or 50 ng/ml) was applied, and hair follicle development was monitored. Hair follicle initiation and development was examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining, alkaline phosphatase activity staining, Oil Red O+ staining, and the detection of TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling cell apoptosis. Activin B was found to efficiently induce the initiation of hair follicles in the skin of both cultured and neonatal mice and to promote the development of hair follicles in neonatal mouse skin. Moreover, activin-B-treated hair follicles were observed to enter the anagen stage from the telogen stage and to remain in the anagen stage. These results demonstrate that activin B promotes the initiation and development of hair follicles in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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96
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Duverger O, Morasso MI. To grow or not to grow: hair morphogenesis and human genetic hair disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 25-26:22-33. [PMID: 24361867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models have greatly helped in elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in hair formation and regeneration. Recent publications have reviewed the genes involved in mouse hair development based on the phenotype of transgenic, knockout and mutant animal models. While much of this information has been instrumental in determining molecular aspects of human hair development and cycling, mice exhibit a specific pattern of hair morphogenesis and hair distribution throughout the body that cannot be directly correlated to human hair. In this mini-review, we discuss specific aspects of human hair follicle development and present an up-to-date summary of human genetic disorders associated with abnormalities in hair follicle morphogenesis, structure or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Duverger
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Maria I Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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97
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Discovery of cashmere goat (Capra hircus) microRNAs in skin and hair follicles by Solexa sequencing. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:511. [PMID: 23889850 PMCID: PMC3765263 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of endogenous, non-coding RNAs, about 22 nucleotides long, which regulate gene expression through sequence-specific base pairing with target mRNAs. Extensive studies have shown that miRNA expression in the skin changes remarkably during distinct stages of the hair cycle in humans, mice, goats and sheep. Results In this study, the skin tissues were harvested from the three stages of hair follicle cycling (anagen, catagen and telogen) in a fibre-producing goat breed. In total, 63,109,004 raw reads were obtained by Solexa sequencing and 61,125,752 clean reads remained for the small RNA digitalisation analysis. This resulted in the identification of 399 conserved miRNAs; among these, 326 miRNAs were expressed in all three follicular cycling stages, whereas 3, 12 and 11 miRNAs were specifically expressed in anagen, catagen, and telogen, respectively. We also identified 172 potential novel miRNAs by Mireap, 36 miRNAs were expressed in all three cycling stages, whereas 23, 29 and 44 miRNAs were specifically expressed in anagen, catagen, and telogen, respectively. The expression level of five arbitrarily selected miRNAs was analyzed by quantitative PCR, and the results indicated that the expression patterns were consistent with the Solexa sequencing results. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that five major biological pathways (Metabolic pathways, Pathways in cancer, MAPK signalling pathway, Endocytosis and Focal adhesion) accounted for 23.08% of target genes among 278 biological functions, indicating that these pathways are likely to play significant roles during hair cycling. Conclusions During all hair cycle stages of cashmere goats, a large number of conserved and novel miRNAs were identified through a high-throughput sequencing approach. This study enriches the Capra hircus miRNA databases and provides a comprehensive miRNA transcriptome profile in the skin of goats during the hair follicle cycle.
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98
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Gizlenti S, Ekmekci TR. The changes in the hair cycle during gestation and the post-partum period. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:878-81. [PMID: 23682615 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pregnancy, increased numbers of hair follicles remain in the anagen phase for longer periods due to hormonal changes and return to the telogen phase within 3-6 months of delivery with a sudden drop in hormone levels. This results in excessive shedding of hair known as post-partum telogen effluvium. OBJECTIVE To determine the changes in the hair cycle during gestation and the post-partum period. METHODS We included 116 women in this study; 28 women at the 24th week of pregnancy, 30 pregnant women at term gestation, 29 women in the 4th post-partum month, and 29 in the first post-partum year. The number of breastfeeding mothers in the post-partum period and the month in which they were examined were also recorded. The ratios of anagen and telogen were measured using Trichoscan. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the anagen and telogen ratios (P = 0.042, P = 0.042). In the inter-group comparisons, the mean anagen rate in the 4th post-partum month was significantly lower than that in the 6th and 9th month of pregnancy (P = 0.045, P = 0.038), while the average telogen rate was significantly higher (P = 0.045, P = 0.038). The mean anagen rate in the 4th post-partum month in the breastfeeding group was significantly higher than that in the non- breastfeeding group (P = 0.014), while the mean telogen rate was significantly lower (P = 0.014). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (the breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding groups) in terms of the mean anagen and mean telogen ratios in the first post-partum year (P = 0.385). CONCLUSION The anagen rate increases during pregnancy and the telogen rate rises after delivery, however, there is no exaggeration in these changes in most women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gizlenti
- Department of Dermatology, Haydarpasa Numune Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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99
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Geng R, Yuan C, Chen Y. Exploring differentially expressed genes by RNA-Seq in cashmere goat (Capra hircus) skin during hair follicle development and cycling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62704. [PMID: 23638136 PMCID: PMC3640091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) hair follicle development and cycling can be divided into three stages: anagen, catagen and telogen. To elucidate the genes involved in hair follicle development and cycling in cashmere goats, transcriptome profiling of skin was carried out by analysing samples from three hair follicle developmental stages using RNA-Seq. The RNA-Seq analysis generated 8487344, 8142514 and 7345335 clean reads in anagen, catagen and telogen stages, respectively, which provided abundant data for further analysis. A total of 1332 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, providing evidence that the development of hair follicles among the three distinct stages changed considerably. A total of 683 genes with significant differential expression were detected between anagen and catagen, 530 DEGs were identified between anagen and telogen, and 119 DEGs were identified between catagen and telogen. A large number of DEGs were predominantly related to cellular process, cell & cell part, binding, biological regulation and metabolic process among the different stages of hair follicle development. In addition, the Wnt, Shh, TGF-β and Notch signaling pathways may be involved in hair follicle development and the identified DEGs may play important roles in these signaling pathways. These results will expand our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms of hair follicle development and cycling in cashmere goats and provide a foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqing Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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100
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Hairless down-regulates expression of Msx2 and its related target genes in hair follicles. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:203-9. [PMID: 23702391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hairless (HR), a transcriptional cofactor, plays important roles in hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and cycling. Recently, we reported the new Hr mutant mouse called "Hairpoor" (Hr(Hp)) that causes HR overexpression through translational de-repression. The Msh homeobox 2 (Msx2) is a homolog of the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox (msh) gene, which expressed in the hair bulb, including in the germinal matrix, and its expression spreads into the upper region of the HF including the hair cortex. OBJECTIVE Although Msx2 is regarded as an important gene in hair cycle control and hair shaft differentiation, the regulation of Msx2 expression is not well-known. METHODS Using realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot, we investigated the relationship between HR and Msx2 in the Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) mouse during the HF morphogenesis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to compare the pattern of expression of MSX2 in Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) mouse skin with that in wild-type skin. Msx2 mRNA expression and promoter activity was estimated using a transient expression system to see whether HR down-regulates Msx2 expression in vitro. We also investigated whether downregulation of MSX2 by HR also affects the MSX2 regulatory pathway in the Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) mouse and in an in vitro system. RESULTS We found that the expression of Msx2 was down-regulated by HR, which in turn down-regulated expression of Foxn1 and Lef1, MSX2 target genes, in vivo as well as in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results show that HR regulates expression of genes in the MSX2 regulatory pathway, which explains abnormal HF formation in Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) skin.
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