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Zhang Q, Qu X, Liang C, Li H, Du S, Wang C, Xie Y, Zheng Y, Wang L. Effect of oligonucleotide MT01 delivered by N-isopropylacrylamide modified polyethyleneimine for bone regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1204571. [PMID: 37404683 PMCID: PMC10315576 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1204571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of N-isopropylacrylamide-modified polyethyleneimine (PEN)-delivered oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) MT01 on bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Methods: A polyethylenimine (PEI) derivative, PEN, was constructed through Michael addition and employed as a carrier for ODN MT01 transfection. PEN/MT01 nanocomposites were characterized using agarose gel retardation assay, size distribution, zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the effect of PEN on cell viability. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was used to detect the osteogenic differentiation ability of PEN/MT01 nanocomposite. Real-time quantitative PCR (q RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the regulatory effects of PEN/MT01 nanocomposite on osteogenic differentiation gene expression. Rat model was observed using the skull defect method and verified using micro-computed tomography (CT), serum biochemical indices, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: PEN had good biological properties and could deliver MT01 well to achieve efficient transmission of MT01. PEN/MT01 nanocomposites were effectively transfected into MC3T3-E1 cells at a ratio of 6.0. CCK-8 assay displayed that PEN had no cytotoxicity to MC3T3-E1 cells. Additionally, PEN/MT01 nanocomposites could promote the expression of osteogenic genes. In vivo results revealed that PEN/MT01 nanocomposites could promote bone regeneration more effectively than the other groups. Conclusion: PEN has good biocompatibility and low toxicity, which is a good carrier for ODN MT01. PEN-delivered MT01 can be potentially employed as a useful approach to achieving bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyuan Qu
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Du
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuandong Xie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kushioka J, Toya M, Shen H, Hirata H, Zhang N, Huang E, Tsubosaka M, Gao Q, Teissier V, Li X, Utsunomiya T, Goodman SB. Therapeutic effects of MSCs, genetically modified MSCs, and NFĸB-inhibitor on chronic inflammatory osteolysis in aged mice. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:1004-1013. [PMID: 36031590 PMCID: PMC9971358 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The number of total joint replacements is increasing, especially in elderly patients, and so too are implant-related complications such as prosthesis loosening. Wear particles from the prosthesis induce a chronic inflammatory reaction and subsequent osteolysis, leading to the need for revision surgery. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of NF-ĸB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and genetically-modified NF-ĸB sensing interleukin-4 over-secreting MSCs (IL4-MSCs) on chronic inflammation in aged mice. The model was generated by continuous infusion of contaminated polyethylene particles into the intramedullary space of the distal femur of aged mice (15-17 months old) for 6 weeks. Local delivery of ODN showed increased bone mineral density (BMD), decreased osteoclast-like cells, increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive area, and increased M2/M1 macrophage ratio. Local injection of MSCs and IL4-MSCs significantly decreased osteoclast-like cells and increased the M2/M1 ratio, with a greater trend for IL4-MSCs than MSCs. MSCs significantly increased ALP-positive area and BMD values compared with the control. The IL4-MSCs demonstrated higher values for both ALP-positive area and BMD. These findings demonstrated the therapeutic effects of ODN, MSCs, and IL4-MSCs on chronic inflammatory osteolysis in aged mice. The two MSC-based therapies were more effective than ODN in increasing the M2/M1 macrophage ratio, reducing bone resorption, and increasing bone formation. Specifically, MSCs were more effective in increasing bone formation, and IL4-MSCs were more effective in mitigating inflammation. This study suggests potential therapeutic strategies for treating wear particle-associated inflammatory osteolysis after arthroplasty in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Kushioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masakazu Toya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Huaishuang Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hirohito Hirata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ejun Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Victoria Teissier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xueping Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Huang ACS, Ishida Y, Li K, Rintanalert D, Hatano-sato K, Oishi S, Hosomichi J, Usumi-fujita R, Yamaguchi H, Tsujimoto H, Sasai A, Ochi A, Watanabe H, Ono T. NF-κB Decoy ODN-Loaded Poly(Lactic-co-glycolic Acid) Nanospheres Inhibit Alveolar Ridge Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043699. [PMID: 36835111 PMCID: PMC9962103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Residual ridge resorption combined with dimensional loss resulting from tooth extraction has a prolonged correlation with early excessive inflammation. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are double-stranded DNA sequences capable of downregulating the expression of downstream genes of the NF-κB pathway, which is recognized for regulating prototypical proinflammatory signals, physiological bone metabolism, pathologic bone destruction, and bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of NF-κB decoy ODNs on the extraction sockets of Wistar/ST rats when delivered by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanospheres. Microcomputed tomography and trabecular bone analysis following treatment with NF-κB decoy ODN-loaded PLGA nanospheres (PLGA-NfDs) demonstrated inhibition of vertical alveolar bone loss with increased bone volume, smoother trabecular bone surface, thicker trabecular bone, larger trabecular number and separation, and fewer bone porosities. Histomorphometric and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-expressing osteoclasts, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, turnover rate, and increased transforming growth factor-β1 immunopositive reactions and relative gene expression. These data demonstrate that local NF-κB decoy ODN transfection via PLGA-NfD can be used to effectively suppress inflammation in a tooth-extraction socket during the healing process, with the potential to accelerate new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert chun-shuo Huang
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5803-5528
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Duantawan Rintanalert
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kasumi Hatano-sato
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Shuji Oishi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Jun Hosomichi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Risa Usumi-fujita
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Tsujimoto
- Pharmaceutical/Beauty Science Research Center, Material Business Division, Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Osaka 573-1132, Japan
| | - Aiko Sasai
- Pharmaceutical/Beauty Science Research Center, Material Business Division, Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Osaka 573-1132, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ochi
- Pharmaceutical/Beauty Science Research Center, Material Business Division, Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Osaka 573-1132, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Rubione J, Sbrascini SM, Miguel B, Leiguarda C, Coronel MF, McCarthy CJ, Montaner A, Villar MJ, Brumovsky PR. Modulation of the Inflammatory Response by Pre-emptive Administration of IMT504 Reduces Postoperative Pain in Rats and has Opioid-Sparing Effects. J Pain 2023:S1526-5900(23)00020-2. [PMID: 36706889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the available knowledge on underlying mechanisms and the development of several therapeutic strategies, optimal management of postoperative pain remains challenging. This preclinical study hypothesizes that, by promoting an anti-inflammatory scenario, pre-emptive administration of IMT504, a noncoding, non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotide with immune modulating properties, will reduce postincisional pain, also facilitating therapeutic opioid-sparing. Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats with unilateral hindpaw skin-muscle incision received pre-emptive (48 and 24 hours prior to surgery) or postoperative (6 hours after surgery) subcutaneous vehicle (saline) or IMT504. Various groups of rats were prepared for pain-like behavior analyses, including subgroups receiving morphine or naloxone, as well as for flow-cytometry or quantitative RT-PCR analyses of the spleen and hindpaws (for analysis of inflammatory phenotype). Compared to vehicle-treated rats, pre-emptive IMT504 significantly reduced mechanical allodynia by 6 hours after surgery, and accelerated recovery of basal responses from 72 hours after surgery and onwards. Cold allodynia was also reduced by IMT504. Postoperative administration of IMT504 resulted in similar positive effects on pain-like behavior. In IMT504-treated rats, 3 mg/kg morphine resulted in comparable blockade of mechanical allodynia as observed in vehicle-treated rats receiving 10 mg/kg morphine. IMT504 significantly increased hindpaw infiltration of mesenchymal stem cells, CD4+T and B cells, and caused upregulated or downregulated transcript expressions of interleukin-10 and interleukin-1β, respectively. Also, IMT504 treatment targeted the spleen, with upregulated or downregulated transcript expressions, 6 hours after incision, of interleukin-10 and interleukin-1β, respectively. Altogether, pre-emptive or postoperative IMT504 provides protection against postincisional pain, through participation of significant immunomodulatory actions, and exhibiting opioid-sparing effects. PERSPECTIVE: This preclinical study introduces the noncoding non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotide IMT504 as a novel modulator of postoperative pain and underlying inflammatory events. The opioid-sparing effects observed for IMT504 appear as a key feature that could contribute, in the future, to reducing opioid-related adverse events in patients undergoing surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rubione
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra M Sbrascini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bernardo Miguel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candelaria Leiguarda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Coronel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carly J McCarthy
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Montaner
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein", CONICET, Fundación Pablo Cassará, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo J Villar
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo R Brumovsky
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Murase H, Lee J, Taniguchi Y, Sasaki S. Site-Specific Tritium Labeling at the Predefined Internal Position of the Chemically-Modified RNA. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:64-69. [PMID: 36596513 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In nucleic acid drug discovery, it is extremely important to develop a technology to understand the distribution in target organs and to trace the degradation process in the body in order to optimize the structure and improve the efficiency of the clinical trial process. Since nucleic acid drugs are essentially metabolically degraded into numerous fragments, labeling at the internal position is preferable to that at the terminus. Due to the high molar specific activity of tritium, various approaches for tritium-labeling have been studied for nucleic acid drugs. Nevertheless, a generally-applicable method for tritium labeling of the internal position of a nucleic acid has not been established. In this study, we have demonstrated a new and efficient method for site-specific tritium labeling of the cytosine base at a predefined internal position in nucleic acid drugs. This method was developed by the chemical modification of the cytosine 4-amino group with the pyridinyl vinyl keto group by the functionality-transfer reaction using the reactive oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), followed by reduction with NaBT4. Applicability to a variety of chemical structures, such as 5-methyl cytosine, 2'-O-methyl, 2'-fluoro ribose derivatives, Locked/Bridged nucleic acid (LNA/BNA) derivatives, as well as phosphorothioate bonds, has been evidenced using nine oligoribonucleic acid (ORN) substrates. It has been clearly demonstrated that this method is an excellent method for tritium-labeling of nucleic acid with an average conversion efficiency of 74%, an average isolated labeling yield of 60%, and an average specific activity of 61 GBq/mmol. This method is expected to contribute to the preclinical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) studies of nucleic acid drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Murase
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University.,RINAT Imaging, Inc
| | - Jeongsu Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | | | - Shigeki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University.,RINAT Imaging, Inc
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Togo N, Murase H, Lee J, Taniguchi Y, Sasaki S. Application of the Functionality Transfer Oligodeoxynucleotide for the Site-Selective Modification of RNA with a Divers Molecule. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:498-504. [PMID: 35786569 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the importance of the RNA chemical modifications, methods for the selective chemical modification at a predetermined site of the internal position of RNA have attracted much attention. We have developed functional artificial nucleic acids that modify a specific site of RNA in a site- and base-selective manner. In addition, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) has been shown to introduce additional molecules on the alkynes attached to the pyridine ring. However, it was found that some azide compounds produced the cycloadduct in lower yields. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized the pyridinyl transfer group with the alkyne attached via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker with a different length and optimized its structure for both the transfer and CuAAC reaction. Three new transfer groups were synthesized by introducing an alkyne group at the end of the triethylene (11), tetraethylene (12) or pentaethylen glycol linker (13) at the 5-position of the pyridine ring of (E)-3-iodo-1-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. These transfer groups were introduced to the 6-thioguanine base in the oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) in high yields. The transfer groups 11 and 12 more efficiently underwent the cytosine modification. For the CuAAC reaction, although 7 showed low adduct yields with the anionic azide compound, the new transfer groups, especially 12 and 13, significantly improved the yields. In conclusion, the transfer groups 12 and 13 were determined to be promising compounds for the modification of long RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Togo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Hirotaka Murase
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Jeongsu Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | | | - Shigeki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
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Jung HJ, An HJ, Gwon MG, Gu H, Bae S, Lee SJ, Kim YA, Leem J, Park KK. Anti-Fibrotic Effect of Synthetic Noncoding Oligodeoxynucleotide for Inhibiting mTOR and STAT3 via the Regulation of Autophagy in an Animal Model of Renal Injury. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030766. [PMID: 35164031 PMCID: PMC8840279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common process of various kidney diseases. Autophagy is an important cell biology process to maintain cellular homeostasis. In addition, autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of various renal disease, including acute kidney injury, glomerular diseases, and renal fibrosis. However, the functional role of autophagy in renal fibrosis remains poorly unclear. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a negative regulatory role in autophagy. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important intracellular signaling that may regulate a variety of inflammatory responses. In addition, STAT3 regulates autophagy in various cell types. Thus, we synthesized the mTOR/STAT3 oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to regulate the autophagy. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effect of mTOR/STAT3 ODN via the regulation of autophagy appearance on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis. This study showed that UUO induced inflammation, tubular atrophy, and tubular interstitial fibrosis. However, mTOR/STAT3 ODN suppressed UUO-induced renal fibrosis and inflammation. The autophagy markers have no statistically significant relation, whereas mTOR/STAT3 ODN suppressed the apoptosis in tubular cells. These results suggest the possibility of mTOR/STAT3 ODN for preventing renal fibrosis. However, the role of mTOR/STAT3 ODN on autophagy regulation needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Jung
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-A.K.)
| | - Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-A.K.)
| | - Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-A.K.)
| | - Seongjae Bae
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-A.K.)
| | - Sun-Jae Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-A.K.)
| | - Young-Ah Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-A.K.)
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (H.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.-A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-650-4149; Fax: +82-53-650-4834
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8
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Utsunomiya T, Zhang N, Lin T, Kohno Y, Ueno M, Maruyama M, Huang E, Rhee C, Yao Z, Goodman SB. Suppression of NF-κB-induced chronic inflammation mitigates inflammatory osteolysis in the murine continuous polyethylene particle infusion model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1828-1839. [PMID: 33779115 PMCID: PMC8373802 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wear particle-associated bone loss (periprosthetic osteolysis) constrains the longevity of total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Wear particles induce a prolonged upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in macrophages and osteoclasts. Synthetic double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can prevent the binding of NF-κB to the promoter regions of targeted genes and inhibit genetic activation. We tested the hypothesis that polyethylene-particle induced chronic inflammatory bone loss could be suppressed by local delivery of NF-κB decoy ODNs in murine in vivo model. Polyethylene particles were continuously infused into the medullary cavity of the distal femur for 6 weeks to induce chronic inflammation, and micro-computational tomography and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Particle-induced chronic inflammation resulted in lower BMD values, an increase in osteoclastogenesis and nuclear translocation of p65, a prolonged M1 pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype, and a decrease of M2 anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. Delayed timing of local infusion of NF-κB decoy ODN for the last 3 weeks reversed polyethylene-particle associated chronic inflammatory bone loss and facilitated bone healing. This study demonstrated that polyethylene-particle associated chronic inflammatory osteolysis can be effectively modulated via interference with the NF-κB pathway; this minimally invasive intervention could potentially be an efficacious therapeutic strategy for periprosthetic osteolysis after TJA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Utsunomiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tzuhua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Yusuke Kohno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Masaya Ueno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Masahiro Maruyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ejun Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Claire Rhee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Atkin SL, Bezsonov EE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Decoys in Non-Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: State of the Art. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8090103. [PMID: 34564121 PMCID: PMC8467637 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8090103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of global death, highlighting the fact that conventional therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CVD patients are insufficient, and there is a need to develop new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, decoy technology, decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), and decoy peptides show promising results for the future treatment of CVDs. Decoy ODN inhibits transcription by binding to the transcriptional factor, while decoy peptide neutralizes receptors by binding to the ligands. This review focused on studies that have investigated the effects of decoy ODN and decoy peptides on non-atherosclerotic CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Evgeny E. Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran;
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Correspondence: or
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10
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Fang S, Eriyagama D, Yuan Y, Shahsavari S, Chen J, Lin X, Halami B. Dim and Dmoc Protecting Groups for Oligodeoxynucleotide Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 82:e111. [PMID: 32628352 DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This protocol provides details for the preparation of nucleoside phosphoramidites with 1,3-dithian-2-yl-methyl (Dim) and 1,3-dithian-2-yl-methoxycarbonyl (Dmoc) as protecting groups, and a linker with Dmoc as the cleavable function, then using them for solid phase synthesis of sensitive oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). Using these Dim-Dmoc phosphoramidites and Dmoc linker, ODN synthesis can be achieved under typical conditions using phosphoramidite chemistry with slight modifications, and ODN deprotection and cleavage can be achieved under mild conditions involving oxidation with sodium periodate at pH 4 followed by aniline at pH 8. Under the mild deprotection and cleavage conditions, many sensitive functional groups including but not limited to esters, thioesters, alkyl halides, N-aryl amides, and α-chloroamides-which cannot survive the basic and nucleophilic deprotection and cleavage conditions such as concentrated ammonium hydroxide and dilute potassium methoxide used in typical ODN synthesis technologies-can survive. Thus, it is expected that the Dim-Dmoc ODN synthesis technology will find applications in the synthesis of ODNs that contain a wide range of sensitive functional groups. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Synthesis, deprotection, cleavage, and purification of sensitive oligodeoxynucleotides Support Protocol 1: Synthesis of Dim-Dmoc nucleoside phosphoramidites Support Protocol 2: Preparation of CPG with a Dmoc linker Support Protocol 3: Synthesis of a phosphoramidite containing a sensitive alkyl ester group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | | | - Yinan Yuan
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Shahien Shahsavari
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Jinsen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Bhaskar Halami
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
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11
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Kikuta K, Barta J, Taniguchi Y, Sasaki S. Synthesis of Nucleoside Derivatives of N-Acetyl-7-nitroindoline, Their Incorporation into the DNA Oligomer, and Evaluation of Their Photoreactivity in the DNA/RNA Duplex. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:1210-1219. [PMID: 33268653 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetyl-7-nitroindoline has a characteristic reaction in that its acetyl group is photo-activated to acetylate amines to form amides. In this study, the N-acetyl-7-nitroindoline part was connected to the 2'-deoxyribose part at the 3- or 5-position or to a glycerol unit at the 3-position through an ethylene linker (1, 2, and 3, respectively). They were incorporated into the oligodeoxynucleotides, and their photo-reactivities toward the complementary RNA were evaluated. The acetyl group of 1 was photo-activated to form the deacelylated nitroso derivative without affecting the RNA strand. The photoreaction with 2 suggested acetylation of the RNA strand. In contrast, compound 3 formed the photo-cross-linked adduct with the RNA. These results have shown the potential application of N-acetyl-7-nitroindoline unit in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kikuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Jan Barta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | - Shigeki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
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12
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Zeng W, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Luo Q, Han J, Liu J, Zhao Y, Jia F, Wu K, Wang F. Discovery of Cisplatin Binding to Thymine and Cytosine on a Single-Stranded Oligodeoxynucleotide by High Resolution FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:E1852. [PMID: 31091778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinically widely-used anticancer drug, cisplatin, binds strongly to DNA as a DNA-damaging agent. Herein, we investigated the interaction of cisplatin with a 15-mer single-stranded C,T-rich oligodeoxynucleotide, 5′-CCTT4CTT7G8C9T10TCTCC-3′ (ODN15), using ultra-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (top-down MS). Top-down MS analysis with collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation of the mono-platinated and di-platinated ODN15 provided abundant and informative Pt-containing or Pt-free a/[a − B], w and internal fragments, allowing the unambiguous identification of T4, T7, C9, and T10 as the platination sites on the cisplatin-ODN15 adducts. These results revealed that, in addition to the well-established guanine site, the unexpected thermodynamic binding of cisplatin to cytosine and thymine bases was also evident at the oligonucleotide level. Furthermore, the binding models of cisplatin with cytosine and thymine bases were built as the Pt coordinated to cytosine-N(3) and thymine-N(3) with displacement of the proton or tautomerization of thymine. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of cisplatin and its preference for gene loci when the drug binds to cellular DNA, and also demonstrate the great potential and superiority of FT-ICR MS in studying the interactions of metallodrugs with large biomolecules.
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13
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Yang L, Tu L, Zhao P, Wang Y, Wang S, Lu W, Wang Y, Li X, Yu Y, Hua S, Wang L. Attenuation of interferon regulatory factor 7 activity in local infectious sites of trachea and lung for preventing the development of acute lung injury caused by influenza A virus. Immunology 2019; 157:37-51. [PMID: 30667045 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive activation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) promotes the development of acute lung injury (ALI) caused by influenza A virus (IAV). However, the deficiency of IRF7 increases the susceptibility to deadly IAV infection in both humans and mice. To test whether the attenuation rather than the abolishment of IRF7 activity in local infectious sites could alleviate IAV-induced ALI, we established IAV-infected mouse model and trachea/lung-tissue culture systems, and designed two IRF7-interfering oligodeoxynucleotides, IRF7-rODN M1 and IRF7-rODN A1, based on the mouse and human consensus sequences of IRF7-binding sites of Ifna/IFNA genes, respectively. In the model mice, we found a close relationship between the IAV-induced ALI and the level/activity of IRF7 in local infectious sites, and also found that the reduced IRF7 level or activity in the lungs of mice treated with IRF7-rODN M1 led to decreased mRNA levels of Ifna genes, reduced neutrophil infiltration in the lungs and prolonged survival of mice. Furthermore, we found that the effects of IRF7-rODN M1 on alleviating IAV-induced ALI could be correlated to the reduced translocation of IRF7, caused by the IRF7-rODN M1, from cytosol to nucleus in IAV-infected cells. These data suggest that the proper attenuation of IRF7 activity in local infectious sites could be a novel approach for treating IAV-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liqun Tu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peiyan Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology in College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Pediatrics in The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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14
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Sato K, Matsuda A. Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-Fluoropyridine-C-Nucleoside Phosphoramidite for Incorporation into Oligonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 77:e77. [PMID: 30747492 DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Straightforward and efficient methods for the synthesis of 2-amino-4-fluoropyridine-C-nucleoside (dF P) and the solid-phase synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides containing dF P using a phosphoramidite are described. The synthesis of dF P is achieved by cross-coupling between a nucleobase (2-amino-4-fluoro-3,5-diiodopyridine) and sugar moieties. Its 3'-O-phosphoramidite is obtained by deiodination, 5'-O-protection, and 3'-O-phosphitilation in three steps. The phosphoramidite unit is compatible for the synthesis of oligonucleotides on solid-phase according to conventional phosphoramidite chemistry. The 2-amino-4-fluoropyridine-C-nucleoside moiety incorporated into the oligodeoxynucleotide reacts with a Cys residue in the catalytic site of DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase (DNMT). It is apparent that 2-amino-4-fluoropyridine-C-nucleoside would be utilized in DNA-protein crosslink technology. This protocol describes the importance of solid-phase synthesis to obtain novel pyridine-C-nucleoside analogues and its incorporation into oligodeoxynucleotides in a short period of time. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Gwon MG, Kim JY, An HJ, Kim WH, Gu H, Kim MK, Park SC, Park KK. Antifibrotic Effect of Smad Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotide in a CCl₄-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis Animal Model. Molecules 2018; 23:E1991. [PMID: 30103395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the wound-healing process of chronic hepatic disease that leads to the end-stage of hepatocellular carcinoma and demolition of hepatic structures. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified to phenotypic conversion of the epithelium to mesenchymal phenotype that occurred during fibrosis. Smad decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) is a synthetic DNA fragment containing a complementary sequence of Smad transcription factor. Thus, this study evaluated the antifibrotic effects of Smad decoy ODN on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. As shown in histological results, CCl4 treatment triggered hepatic fibrosis and increased Smad expression. On the contrary, Smad decoy ODN administration suppressed fibrogenesis and EMT process. The expression of Smad signaling and EMT-associated protein was markedly decreased in Smad decoy ODN-treated mice compared with CCl4-injured mice. In conclusion, these data indicate the practicability of Smad decoy ODN administration for preventing hepatic fibrosis and EMT processes.
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16
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Liu S, Liang A, Wu K, Zeng W, Luo Q, Wang F. Binding of Organometallic Ruthenium Anticancer Complexes to DNA: Thermodynamic Base and Sequence Selectivity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072137. [PMID: 30041439 PMCID: PMC6073332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organometallic ruthenium(II) complexes [(η⁶-arene)Ru(en)Cl][PF₆] (arene = benzene (1), p-cymene (2), indane (3), and biphenyl (4); en = ethylenediamine) are promising anticancer drug candidates both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, the interactions between ruthenium(II) complexes and 15-mer single- and double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were thermodynamically investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). All of the complexes bind preferentially to G₈ on the single strand 5'-CTCTCTT₇G₈T₉CTTCTC-3' (I), with complex 4 containing the most hydrophobic ligand as the most reactive one. To the analogs of I (changing T₇ and/or T₉ to A and/or C), complex 4 shows a decreasing affinity to the G₈ site in the following order: -AG₈T- (K: 5.74 × 10⁴ M-1) > -CG₈C- > -TG₈A- > -AG₈A- > -AG₈C- > -TG₈T- (I) ≈ -CG₈A- (K: 2.81 × 10⁴ M-1). In the complementary strand of I, the G bases in the middle region are favored for ruthenation over guanine (G) bases in the end of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). These results indicate that both the flanking bases (or base sequences) and the arene ligands play important roles in determining the binding preference, and the base- and sequence-selectivity, of ruthenium complex in binding to the ODNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Aihua Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Kui Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Wenjuan Zeng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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17
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Kim JY, An HJ, Kim WH, Gwon MG, Gu H, Park YY, Park KK. Anti-fibrotic Effects of Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotide for TGF-β1 and Smad in an Animal Model of Liver Cirrhosis. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2017; 8:250-263. [PMID: 28918026 PMCID: PMC5511593 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by changes in tissue architecture and extracellular matrix composition. Liver fibrosis affects not only hepatocytes but also the non-parenchymal cells such as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are essential for maintaining an intact liver structure and function. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that induces liver fibrosis through activation of Smad signaling pathways. To improve a new therapeutic approach, synthetic TGF-β1/Smad oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) was used to suppress both TGF-β1 expression and Smad transcription factor using a combination of antisense ODN and decoy ODN. The aims of this study are to investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of TGF-β1/Smad ODN on simultaneous suppressions of both Smad transcription factor and TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the hepatic fibrosis model in vitro and in vivo. Synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN effectively inhibits Smad binding activity and TGF-β1 expression. TGF-β1/Smad ODN attenuated the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of HSCs in TGF-β1-induced AML12 and HSC-T6 cells. TGF-β1/Smad ODN prevented the fibrogenesis and deposition of collagen in CCl4-treated mouse model. Synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN demonstrates anti-fibrotic effects that are mediated by the suppression of fibrogenic protein and inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN has substantial therapeutic feasibility for the treatment of liver fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Hae Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Yub Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Gao S, Li X, Nie S, Yang L, Tu L, Dong B, Zhao P, Wang Y, Yu Y, Wang L, Hua S. An AAAG-Rich Oligodeoxynucleotide Rescues Mice from Bacterial Septic Peritonitis by Interfering Interferon Regulatory Factor 5. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1034. [PMID: 28492513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study found that an AAAG-rich Oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), designated as MS19, could lessen the acute lung inflammatory injury (ALII) in mice infected by influenza viruses. Bioinformatics analysis found that MS19 is consensus with the binding site of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in the regulatory elements of pro-inflammatory genes. This study established a septic peritonitis model in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli), and found that MS19 prolonged the survival of the mice and down-regulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). In cultured RAW264.7 cells, MS19 significantly reduced the expression of iNOS, IRF5, IL-6, and TNF-α and inhibited the nuclear translocation of IRF5. This data may provide a new insight for understanding how MS19 reduces the excessive inflammatory responses in sepsis.
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19
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Schürch S. Characterization of nucleic acids by tandem mass spectrometry - The second decade (2004-2013): From DNA to RNA and modified sequences. Mass Spectrom Rev 2016; 35:483-523. [PMID: 25288464 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids play key roles in the storage and processing of genetic information, as well as in the regulation of cellular processes. Consequently, they represent attractive targets for drugs against gene-related diseases. On the other hand, synthetic oligonucleotide analogues have found application as chemotherapeutic agents targeting cellular DNA and RNA. The development of effective nucleic acid-based chemotherapeutic strategies requires adequate analytical techniques capable of providing detailed information about the nucleotide sequences, the presence of structural modifications, the formation of higher-order structures, as well as the interaction of nucleic acids with other cellular components and chemotherapeutic agents. Due to the impressive technical and methodological developments of the past years, tandem mass spectrometry has evolved to one of the most powerful tools supporting research related to nucleic acids. This review covers the literature of the past decade devoted to the tandem mass spectrometric investigation of nucleic acids, with the main focus on the fundamental mechanistic aspects governing the gas-phase dissociation of DNA, RNA, modified oligonucleotide analogues, and their adducts with metal ions. Additionally, recent findings on the elucidation of nucleic acid higher-order structures by tandem mass spectrometry are reviewed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 35:483-523, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schürch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Xu Y, Liu J, Hua L, Xiao Y, Tian Y, Guo S, Zhang X, He C, Wang L, Yu Y. An immune regulatory CCT repeat containing oligodeoxynucleotide capable of causing hair loss in male mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1161-1172. [PMID: 26764315 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115626579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An oligodeoxynucleotide with CCT repeats (CCT ODN) has been found in our previous study to selectively downregulate Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9)-mediated immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we unexpectedly found that CCT ODN induced severe patchy hair loss around the mouth in male F1 mice (female Balb/c × male C57BL/6) with lupus-like nephritis induced by injecting allogenic lymphocytes and also in male Balb/c mice, but not in female F1 mice and Balb/c mice and either gender of C57BL/6 mice. Increased infiltration of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D+) cells in hair loss skin and upregulated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) messenger RNA expression in cultured splenocytes were observed in male Balb/c mice. The CCT ODN-conditioned supernatants of cultured mouse splenocytes caused catagen-like changes to hair follicles (HFs). We hypothesized that the CCT ODN could induce patchy hair loss in the male mice with certain genetic traits by mobilizing NKG2D+ cells to HFs and by inducing the production of IFN-γ from immune cells. Taken together these data indicated that a gender and genetic preference of immune-regulatory oligonucleotides is causing unexpected clinical situations such as hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - J Liu
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - L Hua
- 2 Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Unit of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Xiao
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Tian
- 3 Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - S Guo
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - X Zhang
- 2 Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Unit of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - C He
- 2 Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Unit of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - L Wang
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Yu
- 2 Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Unit of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Fueangfung S, Yuan Y, Fang S. Denaturing reversed-phase HPLC using a mobile phase containing urea for oligodeoxynucleotide analysis. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2015; 33:481-8. [PMID: 24972012 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2014.891740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Denaturing reversed-phase (RP) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is usually achieved by elevating column temperature. In this article, an alternative method involving using a mobile phase that contains urea and performing HPLC at room temperature is described. The efficacy of the new method was demonstrated by analyzing a 61-mer oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and double-stranded (ds) ODNs. The multiple peaks of the 61-mer ODN under normal conditions merged into one under the denaturing conditions. The broad single peaks of dsODNs under normal conditions were split into two sharp peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suntara Fueangfung
- a Department of Chemistry , Michigan Technological University , Houghton , Michigan , USA
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22
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Beuck C, Weinhold E. Reversibly locked thionucleobase pairs in DNA to study base flipping enzymes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2293-306. [PMID: 25298797 PMCID: PMC4187101 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalently interstrand cross-linked DNA is an interesting tool to study DNA binding proteins that locally open up the DNA duplex by flipping single bases out of the DNA helix or melting whole stretches of base pairs to perform their function. The ideal DNA cross-link to study protein–DNA interactions should be specific and easy to synthesize, be stable during protein binding experiments, have a short covalent linker to avoid steric hindrance of protein binding, and should be available as a mimic for both A/T and G/C base pairs to cover all possible binding specificities. Several covalent interstrand cross-links have been described in the literature, but most of them fall short of at least one of the above criteria. We developed an efficient method to site-specifically and reversibly cross-link thionucleoside base pairs in synthetic duplex oligodeoxynucleotides by bisalkylation with 1,2-diiodoethane resulting in an ethylene-bridged base pair. Both linked A/T and G/C base pair analogs can conveniently be prepared which allows studying any base pair-opening enzyme regardless of its sequence specificity. The cross-link is stable in the absence of reducing agents but the linker can be quickly and tracelessly removed by the addition of thiol reagents like dithiothreitol. This property makes the cross-linking reaction fully reversible and allows for a switching of the linked base pair from locked to unlocked during biochemical experiments. Using the DNA methyltransferase from Thermus aquaticus (M.TaqI) as example, we demonstrate that the presented cross-linked DNA with an ethylene-linked A/T base pair analog at the target position is a useful tool to determine the base-flipping equilibrium constant of a base-flipping enzyme which lies mostly on the extrahelical side for M.TaqI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Beuck
- Department of Structural & Medicinal Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2-5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Elmar Weinhold
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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Alfaro VY, Goldblatt DL, Valverde GR, Munsell MF, Quinton LJ, Walker AK, Dantzer R, Varadhachary A, Scott BL, Evans SE, Tuvim MJ, Dickey BF. Safety, tolerability, and biomarkers of the treatment of mice with aerosolized Toll-like receptor ligands. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:8. [PMID: 24567720 PMCID: PMC3915096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously discovered a synergistically therapeutic combination of two Toll-like receptor ligands, an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and Pam2CSK4. Aerosolization of these ligands stimulates innate immunity within the lungs to prevent pneumonia from bacterial and viral pathogens. Here we examined the safety and tolerability of this treatment in mice, and characterized the expression of biomarkers of innate immune activation. We found that neutrophils appeared in lung lavage fluid 4 h after treatment, reached a peak at 48 h, and resolved by 7 days. The peak of neutrophil influx was accompanied by a small increase in lung permeability. Despite the abundance of neutrophils in lung lavage fluid, only rare neutrophils were visible histopathologically in the interstitium surrounding bronchi and veins and none were visible in alveolar airspaces. The cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor, and Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 rose several hundred-fold in lung lavage fluid 4 h after treatment in a dose-dependent and synergistic manner, providing useful biomarkers of lung activation. IL-6 rose fivefold in serum with delayed kinetics compared to its rise in lavage fluid, and might serve as a systemic biomarker of immune activation of the lungs. The dose–response relationship of lavage fluid cytokines was preserved in mice that underwent myeloablative treatment with cytosine arabinoside to model the treatment of hematologic malignancy. There were no overt signs of distress in mice treated with ODN/Pam2CSK4 in doses up to eightfold the therapeutic dose, and no changes in temperature, respiratory rate, or behavioral signs of sickness including sugar water preference, food disappearance, cage exploration or social interaction, though there was a small degree of transient weight loss. We conclude that treatment with aerosolized ODN/Pam2CSK4 is well tolerated in mice, and that innate immune activation of the lungs can be monitored by the measurement of inflammatory cytokines in lung lavage fluid and serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Y Alfaro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Unit 1462, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - David L Goldblatt
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Unit 1462, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Gabriella R Valverde
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Unit 1462, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mark F Munsell
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lee J Quinton
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Adam K Walker
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | | | | | - Scott E Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Unit 1462, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael J Tuvim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Unit 1462, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Burton F Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Unit 1462, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
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Hafner AM, Corthésy B, Merkle HP. Particulate formulations for the delivery of poly(I:C) as vaccine adjuvant. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1386-99. [PMID: 23751781 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current research and development of antigens for vaccination often center on purified recombinant proteins, viral subunits, synthetic oligopeptides or oligosaccharides, most of them suffering from being poorly immunogenic and subject to degradation. Hence, they call for efficient delivery systems and potent immunostimulants, jointly denoted as adjuvants. Particulate delivery systems like emulsions, liposomes, nanoparticles and microspheres may provide protection from degradation and facilitate the co-formulation of both the antigen and the immunostimulant. Synthetic double-stranded (ds) RNA, such as polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid, poly(I:C), is a mimic of viral dsRNA and, as such, a promising immunostimulant candidate for vaccines directed against intracellular pathogens. Poly(I:C) signaling is primarily dependent on Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), and on melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA-5), and strongly drives cell-mediated immunity and a potent type I interferon response. However, stability and toxicity issues so far prevented the clinical application of dsRNAs as they undergo rapid enzymatic degradation and bear the potential to trigger undue immune stimulation as well as autoimmune disorders. This review addresses these concerns and suggests strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of immunostimulatory dsRNA formulations. The focus is on technological means required to lower the necessary dosage of poly(I:C), to target surface-modified microspheres passively or actively to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), to control their interaction with non-professional phagocytes and to modulate the resulting cytokine secretion profile.
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25
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Moore TC, Petro TM. IRF3 and ERK MAP-kinases control nitric oxide production from macrophages in response to poly-I:C. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3014-20. [PMID: 23892079 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding nitric oxide (NO) in innate anti-viral immunity and immune-mediated pathology is hampered by incomplete details of its transcriptional and signaling factors. We found in macrophages that IRF3, ERK MAP-kinases, and PKR are essential to NO production in response to RNA-virus mimic, poly I:C, a TLR3 agonist. ERK's role in NO induction may be through phosphorylation of serine-171 of IRF3 and expression of NO-inducing cytokines, IL-6 and IFN-β. However, these cytokines induced less NO in IRF3 knockout or knockdown macrophages. These findings show that ERK and IRF3 coordinate induction of NO by macrophages in response to stimulation of TLR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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26
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Silvestri C, Brodbelt JS. Tandem mass spectrometry for characterization of covalent adducts of DNA with anticancer therapeutics. Mass Spectrom Rev 2013; 32:247-66. [PMID: 23150278 PMCID: PMC3578003 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic activities of many anticancer and antibacterial drugs arise from their interactions with nucleic acid substrates. Some of these ligands interact with DNA in a way that causes conformational changes or damage to the nucleic acid targets, ultimately altering recognition by key DNA-specific enzymes, interfering with DNA transcription or prohibiting replication, and terminating cell growth and proliferation. The design and synthesis of ligands that bind to nucleic acids remains a dynamic field in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical research. The quest for more selective and efficacious DNA-interactive anticancer chemotherapeutics has likewise catalyzed the need for sensitive analytical methods that can provide structural information about the nature of the resulting DNA adducts and provide insight into the mechanistic pathways of the DNA/drug interactions and the impact on the cellular processes in biological systems. This review focuses on the array of tandem mass spectrometric strategies developed and applied for characterization of covalent adducts formed between DNA and anticancer ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Silvestri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2)-small interfering RNA (CHK2-siRNA) on the enhancement of radiosensitivity by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 7909 in lung cancer A549 cells. METHODS The A549 cells were randomly divided into five groups: control, CpG, X-ray, CpG + X-ray, and CHK2-siRNA + CpG + X-ray. Cell colonization was observed using inverted microscopy. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. CHK2 expression was detected by Western blot. CHK2-siRNA was adopted to silence the expression of CHK2. RESULTS The level of CHK2 phosphorylation was higher in the CpG + X-ray group than in the X-ray group. Increases in G(2)/mitotic (M) phase arrest and apoptosis and a decrease of cell survival rate in the CpG + X-ray group were statistically significant (P < 0.05) when compared with the CHK2-siRNA + CpG + X-ray group in which the expression of CHK2 was obviously inhibited. The combination of CpG ODN7909 and X-ray irradiation was found to enhance the mitotic death of A549 cells. The sensitization enhancement ratio of mean death dose (D(0)) was 1.42 in the CpG + X-ray group, which was higher than that of the CHK2-siRNA + CpG + X-ray group, in which D(0) was 1.05. CONCLUSION To a certain extent, the impact of a combination of CpG ODN7909 and X-ray on G(2)/M phase arrest, apoptosis, and rate of cell survival was attenuated by CHK2-siRNA in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, indicating that increased phosphorylation of CHK2 might be a radiosensitive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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28
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Hou X, Shen Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Qin Y, Yu Y, Wang L, Sun X. A specific oligodeoxynucleotide promotes the differentiation of osteoblasts via ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:7902-14. [PMID: 22942680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13077902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A specific oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), ODN MT01, was found to have positive effects on the proliferation and activation of the osteoblast-like cell line MG 63. In this study, the detailed signaling pathways in which ODN MT01 promoted the differentiation of osteoblasts were systematically examined. ODN MT01 enhanced the expression of osteogenic marker genes, such as osteocalcin and type I collagen. Furthermore, ODN MT01 activated Runx2 phosphorylation via ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p38 MAPK. Consistently, ODN MT01 induced up-regulation of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and type I collagen, which was inhibited by pre-treatment with the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and the p38 inhibitor SB203580. These results suggest that the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways, as well as Runx2 activation, are involved in ODN MT01-induced up-regulation of osteocalcin, type I collagen and the activity of ALP in MG 63 cells.
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29
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Shen Y, Feng Z, Lin C, Hou X, Wang X, Wang J, Yu Y, Wang L, Sun X. An oligodeoxynucleotide that induces differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts in vitro and reduces alveolar bone loss in rats with periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2877-2892. [PMID: 22489131 PMCID: PMC3317693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13032877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to osteoblasts, in order to find a candidate ODN with potential for the treatment of periodontitis, a series of ODNs were designed and selected to test their effect on the promotion of the differentiation of BMSCs to osteoblasts in vitro and on the repair of periodontal tissue in rats with periodontitis. It was found that MT01, one of the ODNs with the sequences of human mitochondrial DNA, stimulated the proliferation of BMSCs, the differentiation of BMSCs to osteoblasts and mRNA expression of bone-associated factors including Runx2, Osterix, OPG, RANKL and collagen I in vitro. In vivo study showed that MT01 prevented the loss of alveolar bone in the rats with periodontitis and induced the production of proteins of OPG and Osterix in the bone tissue. These results indicated that MT01 could induce differentiation of BMSCs to osteoblasts and inhibit the alveolar bone absorption in rats with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Shen
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mails: (Y.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhiyuan Feng
- Department of Orthodontics, People’s Hospital of Shanxi, 29 Shuangta Road, Taiyuan 030012, China; E-Mail:
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mails: (X.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Chongtao Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mails: (Y.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Xu Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mails: (X.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Xueju Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mails: (X.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Norman Bethune, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical College of Norman Bethune, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinhua Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mails: (X.H.); (J.W.)
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Parr C, Pierce SE, Smith SI, Brodbelt JS. Investigation of the Reactivity of Oligodeoxynucleotides with Glyoxal and KMnO(4) Chemical Probes by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mass Spectrom 2011; 304:115-123. [PMID: 21743793 PMCID: PMC3130548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of two well-known chemical probes, glyoxal and potassium permanganate (KMnO(4)), with oligodeoxynucleotides were monitored by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry to evaluate the influence of the sequence of DNA, its secondary structure, and interactions with associated ligands on the reactivity of the two probes. Glyoxal, a guanine-reactive probe, incorporated a mass shift of 58 Da, and potassium permanganate (KMnO(4)) is a thymine-reactive probe that resulted in a mass shift of 34 Da. The reactions depended on the accessibility of the nucleobases, and the peak abundances of the adducts in the ESI-mass spectra were used to quantify the extent of the chemical probe reactions. In this study, both mixed-base sequences were studied as well as control sequences in which one reactive site was located at the terminus or center of the oligodeoxynucleotide while the surrounding bases were a second, different nucleobase. In addition, the reactions of the chemical probes with non-covalent complexes formed between DNA and either actinomycin D or ethidium bromide, both known to interact with single strand DNA, were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Parr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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Feng Z, Shen Y, Wang L, Cheng L, Wang J, Li Q, Shi W, Sun X. An oligodeoxynucleotide with promising modulation activity for the proliferation and activation of osteoblast. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:2543-55. [PMID: 21731457 PMCID: PMC3127133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12042543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper explored the regulatory role of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with specific sequences in the proliferation and activation of osteoblast, using human osteoblast-like cell line MG 63 as the model. Through the administration of ODNs to MG 63 cells at a concentration of 1.0 μg/mL, ODN MT01 with positive effects on proliferation and activation of osteoblast was selected from 11 different ODNs by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement. To get a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism, effects of ODN MT01 treatment on the expression level of Sp7, runx-2, collagen-I, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANK ligand (RANKL) were determined using quantitative real time PCR and Western blotting. Remarkably, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Sp7, runx-2, collagen-I and OPG were improved after ODN MT01 treatment. Meanwhile, the protein expression level of RANKL was dramatically decreased. These results suggested that ODN MT01 had a significant impact in facilitating osteogenic proliferation and activation, and provided a direct evidence for the notion that single strand ODN could regulate the balance of bone formation and resorption, and thus was of great potential in the rebuilding of alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Feng
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mails: (Z.F.); (J.W.)
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Periodontal, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Oral Cavity, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mails: (Z.F.); (J.W.)
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Xinhua Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mails: (Z.F.); (J.W.)
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Abstract
The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in recognition memory was investigated by locally infusing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) into perirhinal cortex, a region of the temporal lobe essential for familiarity discrimination. Antisense but not sense BDNF ODN impaired consolidation of long-term (24 h) but not shorter-term (20 min) recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Seoane
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Research Council, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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McPhillips F, Mullen P, Monia BP, Ritchie AA, Dorr FA, Smyth JF, Langdon SP. Association of c-Raf expression with survival and its targeting with antisense oligonucleotides in ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:1753-8. [PMID: 11742498 PMCID: PMC2363986 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Raf is an essential component of the extracellular related kinase (ERK) signal transduction pathway. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that c-Raf was present in 49/53 ovarian adenocarcinomas investigated and high c-Raf expression correlated significantly with poor survival (P = 0.002). c-Raf protein was detected in 15 ovarian cancer cell lines. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) (ISIS 5132 and ISIS 13650) reduced c-Raf protein levels and inhibited cell proliferation in vitro. Selectivity was demonstrated by the lack of effect of ISIS 5132 on A-Raf or ERK, while a random ODN produced only minor effects on growth and did not influence c-Raf expression. ISIS 5132 produced enhanced apoptosis and cells accumulated in S and G(2)/M phases of the cell cycle. In vivo, ISIS 5132 inhibited growth of the s.c. SKOV-3 xenograft while a mismatch ODN had no effect. These data indicate that high levels of c-Raf expression may be important in ovarian cancer and use of antisense ODNs targeted to c-Raf could provide a strategy for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F McPhillips
- ICRF Medical Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Yeomans JS, Takeuchi J, Baptista M, Flynn DD, Lepik K, Nobrega J, Fulton J, Ralph MR. Brain-stimulation reward thresholds raised by an antisense oligonucleotide for the M5 muscarinic receptor infused near dopamine cells. J Neurosci 2000; 20:8861-7. [PMID: 11102495 PMCID: PMC6773088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotides targeting M5 muscarinic receptor mRNA were infused for 6 d into the ventral tegmental area of freely behaving rats trained to bar-press for lateral hypothalamic stimulation. The bar-pressing rate was determined at a range of frequencies each day to evaluate the effects of infusions on reward. M5 antisense oligonucleotide (oligo) infusions increased the frequency required for bar pressing by 48% over baseline levels, with the largest increases occurring after 4-6 d of infusion. Two control oligos had only slight effects (means of 5 and 11% for missense and sense oligos, respectively). After the infusion, the required frequency shifted back to baseline levels gradually over 1-5 d. Antisense oligo infusions decreased M5 receptors on the ipsilateral, but not the contralateral, side of the ventral tegmentum, as compared with a missense oligo. Therefore, M5 muscarinic receptors associated with mesolimbic dopamine neurons seem to be important in brain-stimulation reward.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Catheterization
- Electric Stimulation
- Electrodes, Implanted
- Hypothalamic Area, Lateral/physiology
- Hypothalamic Area, Lateral/surgery
- Infusion Pumps, Implantable
- Infusions, Parenteral
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/physiology
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/surgery
- Muscarinic Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/administration & dosage
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Muscarinic M5
- Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Muscarinic/genetics
- Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism
- Reward
- Self Stimulation/drug effects
- Sensory Thresholds/drug effects
- Sensory Thresholds/physiology
- Ventral Tegmental Area/drug effects
- Ventral Tegmental Area/physiology
- Wakefulness/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Yeomans
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3.
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35
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Guzowski JF, Lyford GL, Stevenson GD, Houston FP, McGaugh JL, Worley PF, Barnes CA. Inhibition of activity-dependent arc protein expression in the rat hippocampus impairs the maintenance of long-term potentiation and the consolidation of long-term memory. J Neurosci 2000; 20:3993-4001. [PMID: 10818134 PMCID: PMC6772617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that the brain processes information and stores memories by modifying and stabilizing synaptic connections between neurons. In experimental models of synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), the stabilization of changes in synaptic strength requires rapid de novo RNA and protein synthesis. Candidate genes, which could underlie activity-dependent plasticity, have been identified on the basis of their rapid induction in brain neurons. Immediate-early genes (IEGs) are induced in hippocampal neurons by high-frequency electrical stimulation that induces LTP and by behavioral training that results in long-term memory (LTM) formation. Here, we investigated the role of the IEG Arc (also termed Arg3.1) in hippocampal plasticity. Arc protein is known to be enriched in dendrites of hippocampal neurons where it associates with cytoskeletal proteins (Lyford et al., 1995). Arc is also notable in that its mRNA and protein accumulate in dendrites at sites of recent synaptic activity (Steward et al., 1998). We used intrahippocampal infusions of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to inhibit Arc protein expression and examined the effect of this treatment on both LTP and spatial learning. Our studies show that disruption of Arc protein expression impairs the maintenance phase of LTP without affecting its induction and impairs consolidation of LTM for spatial water task training without affecting task acquisition or short-term memory. Thus, Arc appears to play a fundamental role in the stabilization of activity-dependent hippocampal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Guzowski
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory and Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3800, USA
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Abstract
DNA molecules containing unmethylated CpG-dinucleotides in particular base contexts ("CpG motifs") are excellent adjuvants in rodents, but their effects on human cells have been less clear. Dendritic cells (DCs) form the link between the innate and the acquired immune system and may influence the balance between T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 immune responses. We evaluated the effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides alone or in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) on different classes of purified human DCs. For primary dendritic precursor cells isolated from human blood, CpG oligonucleotides alone were superior to GMCSF in promoting survival and maturation (CD83 expression) as well as expression of class II MHC and the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD54, and CD86 of DCs. Both CD4-positive and CD4-negative peripheral blood dendritic precursor cells responded to CpG DNA which synergized with GMCSF but these DCs showed little response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast, monocyte-derived DCs did not respond to CpG, but they were highly sensitive to LPS, suggesting an inverse correlation between CpG and LPS sensitivity in different subsets of DCs. Compared with GMCSF, CpG-treated peripheral blood DCs showed enhanced functional activity in the mixed lymphocyte reaction and induced T cells to secrete increased levels of Th1 cytokines. These findings demonstrate the ability of specific CpG motifs to strongly activate certain subsets of human DCs to promote Th1-like immune responses, and support the use of CpG DNA-based trials for immunotherapy against cancer, allergy, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and the University of Iowa Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Cui JK, Hsu CY, Liu PK. Suppression of postischemic hippocampal nerve growth factor expression by a c-fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. J Neurosci 1999; 19:1335-44. [PMID: 9952411 PMCID: PMC6786028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/1998] [Revised: 11/30/1998] [Accepted: 12/03/1998] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the uptake and distribution of an antisense phosphorothioated oligodeoxynucleotide (s-ODN) to c-fos, rncfosr115, infused into the left cerebral ventricle of male Long-Evans rats and the effect of this s-ODN on subsequent Fos, NGF, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and actin expression. To establish the uptake and turnover of s-ODN in the brain, we studied the copurification of the immunoreactivity of biotin with biotinylated s-ODN that was recovered from different regions of the brain. A time-dependent diffusion and the localization of s-ODN were further demonstrated by labeling the 3'-OH terminus of s-ODN in situ with digoxigenin-dUTP using terminal transferase and detection using anti-digoxigenin IgG-FITC. Cellular uptake of the s-ODN was evident in both the hippocampal and cortical regions, consistent with a gradient originating at the ventricular surface. Degradation of the s-ODN was observed beginning 48 hr after delivery. The effectiveness of c-fos antisense s-ODN was demonstrated by its suppression of postischemic Fos expression, which was accompanied by an inhibition of ischemia-induced NGF mRNA expression in the dentate gyrus. Infusion of saline, the sense s-ODN, or a mismatch antisense s-ODN did not suppress Fos expression. That this effect of c-fos antisense s-ODN was specific to NGF was demonstrated by its lack of effect on the postischemic expression of the NT-3 and beta-actin genes. Our results demonstrate that c-fos antisense s-ODN blocks selected downstream events and support the contention that postischemic Fos regulates the subsequent expression of the NGF gene and that Fos expression may have a functional component in neuroregeneration after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Dubuc I, Sarret P, Labbé-Jullié C, Botto JM, Honoré E, Bourdel E, Martinez J, Costentin J, Vincent JP, Kitabgi P, Mazella J. Identification of the receptor subtype involved in the analgesic effect of neurotensin. J Neurosci 1999; 19:503-10. [PMID: 9870978 PMCID: PMC6782393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide neurotensin (NT) elicits hypothermic and naloxone-insensitive analgesic responses after brain injection. Recent pharmacological evidence obtained with NT agonists and antagonists suggests that these effects are mediated by a receptor distinct from the initially cloned high-affinity NT receptor (NTR1). The recent cloning of a second NT receptor (NTR2) prompted us to evaluate its role in NT-induced analgesia. Intracerebroventricular injections in mice of two different antisense oligodeoxynucleotides from the NTR2 markedly decreased NTR2 mRNA and protein and reduced NT-induced analgesia. This effect was specific, because NTR1 levels were unaffected, and sense or scramble oligodeoxynucleotides had no effect. Structure-activity studies revealed a close correlation between the analgesic potency of NT analogs and their affinity for the NTR2 and disclosed potent and selective agonists of this receptor. These data confirm that NTR1 is involved in the NT-elicited turning behavior and demonstrate that the NTR2 mediates NT-induced analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dubuc
- Unité de Neuropsychopharmacologie Expérimentale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 76803 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
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