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Ji Y, Zhao M, Qiao X, Peng GH. Decitabine improves MMS-induced retinal photoreceptor cell damage by targeting DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1057365. [PMID: 36704326 PMCID: PMC9872157 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1057365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of neurodegenerative retinopathies causing blindness due to progressive and irreversible photoreceptor cell death. The alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) can induce selective photoreceptor cell death, which is used to establish RP animal models. MMS induces DNA base damage by adding alkyl groups to DNA, and epigenetic modifications influence DNA damage response. Here, we aimed to explore the relationship between DNA methylation and DNA damage response in dying photoreceptors of RP. Methods The mouse RP model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of MMS. The retinal structure and function were assessed by H&E, OCT, TUNEL, and ERG at several time points. The expression of DNA methylation regulators was assessed by qPCR and Western blot. DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-dC was applied to inhibit the activity of DNA methyltransferases and improve the retinal photoreceptor damage. Results The outer nuclear layer (ONL) and IS/OS layer were significantly thinner and the retinal function was impaired after MMS treatment. The cell death was mainly located in the ONL. The retinal damage induced by MMS was accompanied by hyperexpression of DNMT3A/3B. The application of DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-dC could suppress the expression level of DNMT3A/3B, resulting in the remission of MMS-induced photoreceptor cell damage. The ONL and IS/OS layers were thicker than that of the control group, and the retinal function was partially restored. This protective effect of 5-aza-dC was associated with the down-regulated expression of DNMT3A/3B. Conclusion These findings identified a functional role of DNMT3A/3B in MMS-induced photoreceptor cell damage and provided novel evidence to support DNMTs as potential therapeutic targets in retinal degenerative diseases.Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Ji
- Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Qiao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hua Peng
- Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Guang-Hua Peng, ✉
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Kim D, Yoon C, Lee GM. Small molecule epigenetic modulators for enhancing recombinant antibody production in CHO cell cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:820-831. [PMID: 34961935 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule epigenetic modulators that modify epigenetic states in cells are useful tools for regulating gene expression by inducing chromatin remodeling. To identify small molecule epigenetic modulators that enhance recombinant protein expression in CHO cells, we examined eight histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDACs) and six DNA methyltransferase inhibitors as chemical additives in recombinant CHO (rCHO) cell cultures. Among these, a benzamide-based iHDAC, CI994, was the most effective in increasing monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. Despite suppressing cell growth, the addition of CI994 to mAb-expressing GSR cell cultures at 10 μM resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in maximum mAb concentration due to a 3.0-fold increase in specific mAb productivity (q mAb ). CI994 increased mAb mRNA levels and histone H3 acetylation in GSR cells, and ChIP-qPCR analysis revealed that CI994 significantly increased the histone H3 acetylation level at the CMV promoter driving mAb gene expression, indicating that chromatin remodeling in the promoter region results in enhanced mAb gene transcription and q mAb . Similar beneficial effects of CI994 on mAb production were observed in mAb-expressing CS13-1.00 cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that CI994 increases mAb production in rCHO cell cultures by chromatin remodeling resulting from acetylation of histones in the mAb gene promoter. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongil Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chansik Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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Wu L, Zhang Y, Ren J. Epigenetic modification in alcohol use disorder and alcoholic cardiomyopathy: From pathophysiology to therapeutic opportunities. Metabolism 2021; 125:154909. [PMID: 34627873 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption prompts detrimental psychological, pathophysiological and health issues, representing one of the major causes of death worldwide. Alcohol use disorder (AUD), which is characterized by compulsive alcohol intake and loss of control over alcohol usage, arises from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. More importantly, long-term abuse of alcohol is often tied with unfavorable cardiac remodeling and contractile alterations, a cadre of cardiac responses collectively known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Recent evidence has denoted a pivotal role for ethanol-triggered epigenetic modifications, the interface between genome and environmental cues, in the organismal and cellular responses to ethanol exposure. To-date, three major epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-based mechanisms) have been identified for the onset and development of AUD and ACM. Importantly, these epigenetic changes induced by alcohol may be detectable in the blood, thus offering diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic promises of epigenetic markers for AUD and alcoholic complications. In addition, several epigenetic drugs have shown efficacies in the management of alcohol abuse, loss of control for alcohol usage, relapse, drinking-related anxiety and behavior in withdrawal. In this context, medications targeting epigenetic modifications may hold promises for pharmaceutical management of AUD and ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Pacheco MB, Camilo V, Lopes N, Moreira-Silva F, Correia MP, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Hydralazine and Panobinostat Attenuate Malignant Properties of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070670. [PMID: 34358096 PMCID: PMC8308508 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the well-established alterations contributing to prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis, epigenetics is an important player in its development and aggressive disease state. Moreover, since no curative therapies are available for advanced stage disease, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies targeting this subset of patients. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the combined antineoplastic effects of DNA methylation inhibitor hydralazine and histone deacetylase inhibitors panobinostat and valproic acid in several prostate cell lines. The effect of these drugs was assessed in four PCa (LNCaP, 22Rv1, DU145 and PC-3) cell lines, as well as in non-malignant epithelial (RWPE-1) and stromal (WPMY-1) cell lines, using several assays to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation, DNA damage and clonogenic potential. We found that exposure to each epidrug separately reduced viability of all PCa cells in a dose-dependent manner and that combined treatments led to synergic growth inhibitory effects, impacting also on colony formation, invasion, apoptotic and proliferation rates. Interestingly, antitumoral effects of combined treatment were particularly expressive in DU145 cells. We concluded that hydralazine and panobinostat attenuate malignant properties of PCa cells, constituting a potential therapeutic tool to counteract PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brütt Pacheco
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.B.P.); (V.C.); (N.L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.P.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Vânia Camilo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.B.P.); (V.C.); (N.L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.P.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Nair Lopes
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.B.P.); (V.C.); (N.L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.P.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Filipa Moreira-Silva
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.B.P.); (V.C.); (N.L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.P.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Margareta P. Correia
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.B.P.); (V.C.); (N.L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.P.C.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.B.P.); (V.C.); (N.L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.P.C.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.B.P.); (V.C.); (N.L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.P.C.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +351-225-084-000; Fax: +351-225-084-199
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Wetzel A, Scholtka B, Schumacher F, Rawel H, Geisendörfer B, Kleuser B. Epigenetic DNA Methylation of EBI3 Modulates Human Interleukin-35 Formation via NFkB Signaling: A Promising Therapeutic Option in Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5329. [PMID: 34069352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a severe chronic disease with unclear etiology that is associated with increased risk for colorectal cancer, is accompanied by dysregulation of cytokines. Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) encodes a subunit in the unique heterodimeric IL-12 cytokine family of either pro- or anti-inflammatory function. After having recently demonstrated that upregulation of EBI3 by histone acetylation alleviates disease symptoms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mouse model of chronic colitis, we now aimed to examine a possible further epigenetic regulation of EBI3 by DNA methylation under inflammatory conditions. Treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) decitabine (DAC) and TNFα led to synergistic upregulation of EBI3 in human colon epithelial cells (HCEC). Use of different signaling pathway inhibitors indicated NFκB signaling was necessary and proportional to the synergistic EBI3 induction. MALDI-TOF/MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of DAC/TNFα-treated HCEC identified IL-12p35 as the most probable binding partner to form a functional protein. EBI3/IL-12p35 heterodimers (IL-35) induce their own gene upregulation, something that was indeed observed in HCEC cultured with media from previously DAC/TNFα-treated HCEC. These results suggest that under inflammatory and demethylating conditions the upregulation of EBI3 results in the formation of anti-inflammatory IL-35, which might be considered as a therapeutic target in colitis.
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Burlibaşa L, Nicu AT, Domnariu C. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors modulate histone methylation: epigenetic crosstalk between H3K4me3 and DNA methylation during sperm differentiation. ZYGOTE 2021; 29:239-44. [PMID: 33413709 DOI: 10.1017/S0967199420000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The process of cytodifferentiation in spermatogenesis is governed by a unique genetic and molecular programme. In this context, accurate 'tuning' of the regulatory mechanisms involved in germ cells differentiation is required, as any error could have dramatic consequences on species survival and maintenance. To study the processes that govern the spatial-temporal expression of genes, as well as analyse transmission of epigenetic information to descendants, an integrated approach of genetics, biochemistry and cytology data is necessary. As information in the literature on interplay between DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in the advanced stages of murine spermatogenesis is still scarce, we investigated the effect of a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, at the cytological level using immunocytochemistry methodology. Our results revealed a particular distribution of H3K4me3 during sperm cell differentiation and highlighted an important role for regulation of DNA methylation in controlling histone methylation and chromatin remodelling during spermatogenesis.
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Sadakierska-Chudy A. MicroRNAs: Diverse Mechanisms of Action and Their Potential Applications as Cancer Epi-Therapeutics. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1285. [PMID: 32906681 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Usually, miRNAs function post-transcriptionally, by base-pairing with the 3′UTR of target mRNAs, repressing protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, other regions including gene promoters, as well as coding and 5′UTR regions of mRNAs are able to interact with miRNAs. In recent years, miRNAs have emerged as important regulators of both translational and transcriptional programs. The expression of miRNA genes, similar to protein-coding genes, can be epigenetically regulated, in turn miRNA molecules (named epi-miRs) are able to regulate epigenetic enzymatic machinery. The most recent line of evidence indicates that miRNAs can influence physiological processes, such as embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis as well as pathological processes (e.g., tumorigenesis) through epigenetic mechanisms. Some tumor types show repression of tumor-suppressor epi-miRs resulting in cancer progression and metastasis, hence these molecules have become novel therapeutic targets in the last few years. This review provides information about miRNAs involvement in the various levels of transcription and translation regulation, as well as discusses therapeutic potential of tumor-suppressor epi-miRs used in in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer therapy.
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Epigenetic mutations are frequent and pathogenic in select subtypes of lymphoma, and agents modulating DNA and histone methylation-such as inhibitors of DNMT and EZH2, respectively-have demonstrated promise in treating these diseases. In particular, lymphomas derived from the germinal center-GC-DLBCL, FL, and AITL-are all characterized by epigenetic derangements. In an effort to target these derangements, DNMT inhibitors have been investigated as a means of improving responsiveness to chemotherapy in DLBCL patients, or as monotherapy or in combination with other epigenetic agents in the treatment of TCL. Histone methyltransferase inhibitors have demonstrated effectiveness in R/R FL patients with EZH2-activating mutations. New treatment options that target the pathogenesis of disease are needed. HDAC inhibitors have been in the clinic for over a decade for the treatment of lymphoma, and now methyltransferase inhibitors are finding their niche for this disease.
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Sales AJ, Guimarães FS, Joca SRL. CBD modulates DNA methylation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice exposed to forced swim. Behav Brain Res 2020; 388:112627. [PMID: 32348868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotomimetic component of Cannabis sativa plant, shows therapeutic potential in psychiatric disorders, including depression. The molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effects of CBD are not yet understood. Previous studies in differentiated skin cells demonstrated that CBD regulates DNA methylation, an overall repressive epigenetic mechanism. Both stress exposure and antidepressant treatment can modulate DNA methylation in the brain, and lead to gene expression changes associated with depression neurobiology. We investigated herein if the antidepressant effect of CBD could be associated with changes in DNA methylation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC) of mice submitted to the forced swimming test (FST). Therefore, we assessed: i) the behavioral effects induced by CBD and DNA methylation inhibitors (DNMTi: 5-AzaD and RG108), alone or in association; ii) the effects induced by CBD and DNMTi in global DNA methylation and DNMT activity, in PFC and HPC. Results showed that treatment with CBD (10 mg/kg), 5-AzaD and RG108 (0.2 mg/kg) induced an antidepressant-like effect in the FST. Similar effects were observed after the combination of sub-effective doses of CBD (7 mg/kg) and 5-AzaD or CBD (7 mg/kg) and RG108 (0.1 mg/kg). Also, stress reduced DNA methylation and DNMT activity in the HPC and increased it in the PFC. CBD and DNMTi treatment prevented these changes in both brain structures. Altogether, our results indicate that CBD regulates DNA methylation in brain regions relevant for depression neurobiology, suggesting that this mechanism could be related to CBD-induced antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Sales
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sâmia R L Joca
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Hattori N, Sako M, Kimura K, Iida N, Takeshima H, Nakata Y, Kono Y, Ushijima T. Novel prodrugs of decitabine with greater metabolic stability and less toxicity. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:111. [PMID: 31370878 PMCID: PMC6670186 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA demethylation therapy is now used in practice for hematological tumors and is being developed for solid tumors. Nevertheless, it is difficult to achieve stable pharmacokinetics with the current DNA-demethylating agents, azacitidine (AZA) and decitabine (DAC), because of their rapid deamination by cytidine deaminase in vivo and spontaneous hydrolytic cleavage. Here, we aimed to develop metabolically stable prodrugs of AZA and DAC as novel DNA-demethylating agents. RESULTS Thirty-five 5'-O-trialkylsilylated AZAs/DACs were synthesized with potential resistance to deamination. Out of these, 11 compounds exhibited demethylating activity similar to that of DAC and guadecitabine, and a suitable aqueous solubility. Pharmacokinetic analysis in mice showed that OR-2003 displayed the highest serum concentration and the area under the curve in an intraperitoneal experiment, whereas OR-2100 exhibited high stability to cytidine deaminase. Treatment of cells with OR-2003 and OR-2100 depleted DNA methyltransferase 1 completely and induced both gene-specific and genome-wide demethylation. The treatment suppressed the growth of multiple types of cancer cells and induced re-expression of tumor suppressor genes. The anti-tumor effect and DNA demethylation effect of OR-2003 and OR-2100 were comparable to that of DAC with fewer adverse effects in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We developed two novel prodrugs of DAC that exhibited greater stability, comparable DNA demethylation activity, and less toxicity. These compounds are expected to overcome the difficulty in achieving stable pharmacokinetics in patients, leading to maximum DNA demethylation activity with minimum adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Magoichi Sako
- Research and Development Division, Pharmaceutical Research Center, OHARA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Koga, Japan
| | - Kana Kimura
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Iida
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakata
- Research and Development Division, Pharmaceutical Research Center, OHARA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Koga, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kono
- Research and Development Division, Pharmaceutical Research Center, OHARA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Koga, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Headley KM, Kedziora KM, Alejo A, Lai EZX, Purvis JE, Hathaway NA. Chemical screen for epigenetic barriers to single allele activation of Oct4. Stem Cell Res 2019; 38:101470. [PMID: 31170660 PMCID: PMC6886240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we utilized the chromatin in vivo assay (CiA) mouse platform to directly examine the epigenetic barriers impeding the activation of the CiA:Oct4 allele in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF)s when stimulated with a transcription factor. The CiA:Oct4 allele contains an engineered EGFP reporter replacing one copy of the Oct4 gene, with an upstream Gal4 array in the promoter that allows recruitment of chromatin modifying machinery. We stimulated gene activation of the CiA:Oct4 allele by binding a transcriptional activator to the Gal4 array. As with cellular reprograming, this process is inefficient with only a small percentage of the cells re-activating CiA:Oct4 after weeks. Epigenetic barriers to gene activation potentially come from heavy DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, chromatin compaction, and other posttranslational marks (PTM) at the differentiated CiA:Oct4 allele in MEFs. Using this platform, we performed a high-throughput chemical screen for compounds that increased the efficiency of activation. We found that Azacytidine and newer generation histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors were the most efficient at facilitating directed transcriptional activation of this allele. We found one hit form our screen, Mocetinostat, improved iPSC generation under transcription factor reprogramming conditions. These results separate individual allele activation from whole cell reprograming and give new insights that will advance tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Headley
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America; Curriculum for Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Katarzyna M Kedziora
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Aidin Alejo
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Elianna Zhi-Xiang Lai
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Curriculum for Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America; Department of Genetics, Curriculum for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel A Hathaway
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America; Curriculum for Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America.
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Zwergel C, Schnekenburger M, Sarno F, Battistelli C, Manara MC, Stazi G, Mazzone R, Fioravanti R, Gros C, Ausseil F, Florean C, Nebbioso A, Strippoli R, Ushijima T, Scotlandi K, Tripodi M, Arimondo PB, Altucci L, Diederich M, Mai A, Valente S. Identification of a novel quinoline-based DNA demethylating compound highly potent in cancer cells. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:68. [PMID: 31060628 PMCID: PMC6501426 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are epigenetic enzymes involved in embryonic development, cell differentiation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and control of gene expression, whose overexpression or enhanced catalytic activity has been widely reported in cancer initiation and progression. To date, two DNMT inhibitors (DNMTi), 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC), are approved for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Nevertheless, they are chemically instable and quite toxic for healthy cells; thus, the discovery of novel DNMTi is urgent. Results Here, we report the identification of a new quinoline-based molecule, MC3353, as a non-nucleoside inhibitor and downregulator of DNMT. This compound was able, in promoter demethylating assays, to induce enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene expression in HCT116 cells and transcription in a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-driven luciferase reporter system in KG-1 cells. Moreover, MC3353 displayed a strong antiproliferative activity when tested on HCT116 colon cancer cells after 48 h of treatment at 0.5 μM. At higher doses, this compound provided a cytotoxic effect in double DNMT knockout HCT116 cells. MC3353 was also screened on a different panel of cancer cells (KG-1 and U-937 acute myeloid leukemia, RAJI Burkitt’s lymphoma, PC-3 prostate cancer, and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer), where it arrested cell proliferation and reduced viability after 48 h of treatment with IC50 values ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 μM. Compared to healthy cell models, MC3353 induced apoptosis (e.g., U-937 and KG-1 cells) or necrosis (e.g., RAJI cells) at lower concentrations. Importantly, together with the main DNMT3A enzyme inhibition, MC3353 was also able to downregulate the DNMT3A protein level in selected HCT116 and PC-3 cell lines. Additionally, this compound provided impairment of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inducing E-cadherin while reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2) mRNA and protein levels in PC-3 and HCT116 cells. Last, tested on a panel of primary osteosarcoma cell lines, MC3353 markedly inhibited cell growth with low single-digit micromolar IC50 ranging from 1.1 to 2.4 μM. Interestingly, in Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells, MC3353 induced both expression of genes and mineralized the matrix as evidence of osteosarcoma to osteoblast differentiation. Conclusions The present work describes MC3353 as a novel DNMTi displaying a stronger in cell demethylating ability than both 5-AZA and DAC, providing re-activation of the silenced ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) gene. MC3353 displayed dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative activity in several cancer cell types, inducing cell death and affecting EMT through E-cadherin and MMP2 modulation. In addition, this compound proved efficacy even in primary osteosarcoma cell models, through the modulation of genes involved in osteoblast differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0663-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Schnekenburger
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9 rue Edward Steichen, L-2540, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Federica Sarno
- Department of Medicine of Precision, University of Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano, 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Giulia Stazi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Christina Gros
- Center for High-Throughput Chemical Biology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Ausseil
- Pierre Fabre Laboratories, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien, Toulouse, 31100, France
| | - Cristina Florean
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9 rue Edward Steichen, L-2540, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Medicine of Precision, University of Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano, 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, Rome, 00149, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, 75724, France
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Medicine of Precision, University of Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Korea
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Kang HC, Chie EK, Kim HJ, Kim JH, Kim IH, Kim K, Shin BS, Ma E. A phthalimidoalkanamide derived novel DNMT inhibitor enhanced radiosensitivity of A549 cells by inhibition of homologous recombination of DNA damage. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:1158-1165. [PMID: 30793218 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate the radiosensitizing effect and underlying mechanism of a new kind of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor with biological availability. Methods A novel non-nucleoside compound, designated as MA-17, was recently derived from a phthalimido alkanamide structure. DNMT expressions were confirmed in cultured human lung cancer (A549) and normal astrocyte (NHA) cells, radiosensitivity was measured using clonogenic assay, and assays of cell cycle alteration, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and differential gene expression were undertaken. Results MA-17 significantly radiosensitized A549 cells with a mean dose enhancement ratio (DER) of 1.43 at the surviving fraction of 0.2 (p < 0.05 by one-tailed ratio paired t-test). MA-17 did not affect normal astrocytes (mean DER0.2, 1.016; p = 0.420). MA-17 demonstrated a mean half-life of 1.0 h in vivo and a relatively even distribution in various tissues. Pretreatment with MA-17 increased sub-G1 fractions and inhibited the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, which are induced by irradiation. We found that MA-17 also down-regulated DNA homologous recombination and the Fanconi anemia pathway (FANCA, BRCA1, and RAD51C) in A549 cells. This bioinformatics finding was confirmed in validation Western blot to evaluate the expression of vital proteins. Conclusions A novel phthalimido alkanamide derivative, a DNMT inhibitor, possessed both biostability and favorable and substantial radiosensitizing effects by augmenting apoptosis or inhibiting DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Cheol Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Eui Kyu Chie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Il Han Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beom Su Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - EunSook Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
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14
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Sato K, Matsuda A. Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-Fluoropyridine-C-Nucleoside Phosphoramidite for Incorporation into Oligonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 77:e77. [PMID: 30747492 DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Straightforward and efficient methods for the synthesis of 2-amino-4-fluoropyridine-C-nucleoside (dF P) and the solid-phase synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides containing dF P using a phosphoramidite are described. The synthesis of dF P is achieved by cross-coupling between a nucleobase (2-amino-4-fluoro-3,5-diiodopyridine) and sugar moieties. Its 3'-O-phosphoramidite is obtained by deiodination, 5'-O-protection, and 3'-O-phosphitilation in three steps. The phosphoramidite unit is compatible for the synthesis of oligonucleotides on solid-phase according to conventional phosphoramidite chemistry. The 2-amino-4-fluoropyridine-C-nucleoside moiety incorporated into the oligodeoxynucleotide reacts with a Cys residue in the catalytic site of DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase (DNMT). It is apparent that 2-amino-4-fluoropyridine-C-nucleoside would be utilized in DNA-protein crosslink technology. This protocol describes the importance of solid-phase synthesis to obtain novel pyridine-C-nucleoside analogues and its incorporation into oligodeoxynucleotides in a short period of time. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Matt SM, Zimmerman JD, Lawson MA, Bustamante AC, Uddin M, Johnson RW. Inhibition of DNA Methylation With Zebularine Alters Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sickness Behavior and Neuroinflammation in Mice. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:636. [PMID: 30279646 PMCID: PMC6153314 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), the enzymes that catalyze DNA methylation, is dynamically regulated in the brain. DNMT inhibitors alter DNA methylation globally in the brain and at individual neural plasticity-associated genes, but how DNMT inhibitors centrally influence lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation is not known. We investigated whether the DMNT inhibitor, zebularine, would alter sickness behavior, DNA methylation of the Il-1β promoter and expression of inflammatory genes in hippocampus and microglia. Contrary to our hypothesis that zebularine may exaggerate LPS-induced sickness response and neuroinflammation, adult mice treated with an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of zebularine prior to LPS had surprisingly faster recovery of burrowing behavior compared to mice treated with LPS. Further, genes of inflammatory markers, epigenetic regulators, and the microglial sensory apparatus (i.e., the sensome) were differentially expressed by zebularine alone or in combination with LPS. Bisulfite pyrosequencing revealed that ICV zebularine led to decreased DNA methylation of two CpG sites near the Il-1β proximal promoter alone or in combination with LPS. Zebularine treated mice still exhibited decreased DNA methylation 48 h after treatment when LPS-induced sickness behavior as well as hippocampal and microglial gene expression were similar to control mice. Taken together, these data suggest that decreased DNA methylation, specifically of the Il-1β promoter region, with a DNMT inhibitor in the brain disrupts molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Matt
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Animal Sciences Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jalisa D Zimmerman
- Animal Sciences Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Marcus A Lawson
- Animal Sciences Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Angela C Bustamante
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Monica Uddin
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Animal Sciences Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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16
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Florean C, Schnekenburger M, Lee JY, Kim KR, Mazumder A, Song S, Kim JM, Grandjenette C, Kim JG, Yoon AY, Dicato M, Kim KW, Christov C, Han BW, Proksch P, Diederich M. Discovery and characterization of Isofistularin-3, a marine brominated alkaloid, as a new DNA demethylating agent inducing cell cycle arrest and sensitization to TRAIL in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24027-49. [PMID: 27006469 PMCID: PMC5029682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the brominated alkaloid Isofistularin-3 (Iso-3), from the marine sponge Aplysina aerophoba, as a new DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1 inhibitor. Docking analysis confirmed our in vitro DNMT inhibition data and revealed binding of Iso-3 within the DNA binding site of DNMT1. Subsequent increased expression of tumor suppressor gene aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) could be correlated to decreased methylation of CpG sites within the essential Sp1 regulatory region of its promoter. Iso-3 induced growth arrest of cancer cells in G0/G1 concomitant with increased p21 and p27 expression and reduced cyclin E1, PCNA and c-myc levels. Reduced proliferation was accompanied by morphological changes typical of autophagy revealed by fluorescent and transmission electron microscopy and validated by LC3I-II conversion. Furthermore, Iso-3 strongly synergized with tumor-necrosis-factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) in RAJI [combination index (CI) = 0.22] and U-937 cells (CI = 0.21) and increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis via a mechanism involving reduction of survivin expression but not of Bcl-2 family proteins nor X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Iso-3 treatment decreased FLIPL expression and triggered activation of endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress with increased GRP78 expression, eventually inducing TRAIL receptor death receptor (DR)5 surface expression. Importantly, as a potential candidate for further anticancer drug development, Iso-3 reduced the viability, colony and in vivo tumor forming potential without affecting the viability of PBMCs from healthy donors or zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Florean
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, Lëtzebuerg, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Schnekenburger
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, Lëtzebuerg, Luxembourg
| | - Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Aloran Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Sungmi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Jae-Myun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Cindy Grandjenette
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, Lëtzebuerg, Luxembourg
| | - Jeoung-Gyun Kim
- SNU-Harvard Neurovascular Protection Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Ah-Young Yoon
- SNU-Harvard Neurovascular Protection Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, Lëtzebuerg, Luxembourg
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- SNU-Harvard Neurovascular Protection Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | | | - Byung-Woo Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
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17
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Hsieh YY, Huang TC, Lo HL, Jhan JY, Chen ST, Yang PM. Systematic discovery of drug action mechanisms by an integrated chemical genomics approach: identification of functional disparities between azacytidine and decitabine. Oncotarget 2016; 7:27363-78. [PMID: 27036028 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypharmacology (the ability of a drug to affect more than one molecular target) is considered a basic property of many therapeutic small molecules. Herein, we used a chemical genomics approach to systematically analyze polypharmacology by integrating several analytical tools, including the LINCS (Library of Integrated Cellular Signatures), STITCH (Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals), and WebGestalt (WEB-based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit). We applied this approach to identify functional disparities between two cytidine nucleoside analogs: azacytidine (AZA) and decitabine (DAC). AZA and DAC are structurally and mechanistically similar DNA-hypomethylating agents. However, their metabolism and destinations in cells are distinct. Due to their differential incorporation into RNA or DNA, functional disparities between AZA and DAC are expected. Indeed, different cytotoxicities of AZA and DAC toward human colorectal cancer cell lines were observed, in which cells were more sensitive to AZA. Based on a polypharmacological analysis, we found that AZA transiently blocked protein synthesis and induced an acute apoptotic response that was antagonized by concurrently induced cytoprotective autophagy. In contrast, DAC caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase associated with p53 induction. Therefore, our study discriminated functional disparities between AZA and DAC, and also demonstrated the value of this chemical genomics approach that can be applied to discover novel drug action mechanisms.
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18
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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemias driven by MLL fusion proteins are commonly associated with poor prognosis and refractory treatment. Here, we provide evidence that olaparib can potentiate sensitivity of MLL leukemia cells to conventional chemotherapy and DNMT inhibitors offering new potential therapeutic strategies for MLL rearranged leukemias Using the primary mouse leukemia cells and human MLL-AF9 leukemic cell line, we demonstrate that treatment of MLL-AF9 leukemic cells with DNMT inhibitors or chemotherapies in combination with olaparib results in significant reduction in colony formation or cell growth while the single agent treatments had little impacts. Combining olaparib with DNMT inhibitor induce cell cycle block and apoptosis. Furthermore, we observe a significant increase in proportion of cells with >10 γH2AX DNA damage foci and double stranded breaks when treated with DNMT inhibitors or chemotherapy agents in combination with olaparib, thus providing possible mechanistic insights for the synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, Denmark Hill campus, London UK
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, Denmark Hill campus, London UK
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19
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Abstract
Cancer initiation and proliferation is regulated by both epigenetic and genetic events with epigenetic modifications being increasingly identified as important targets for cancer research. DNA methylation catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) is one of the essential epigenetic mechanisms that control cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cell cycle, and transformation in eukaryotes. Recent progress in epigenetics revealed a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and provided biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis in cancer patients. Although DNA methylation biomarker possesses potential contributing to precision medicine, there are still limitations to be overcome before it reaches clinical setting. Hence, the current status of DNA methylation biomarkers was reviewed and the future use in clinic was also predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Bojin Su
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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20
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Abstract
Immune surveillance should be directed to suppress tumor development and progression, involving a balance of coinhibitory and costimulatory signals that amplify immune response without overwhelming the host. Immunotherapy confers durable clinical benefit in 'immunogenic tumors', whereas in other tumors the responses are modest. Thus, immune checkpoint inhibitors may need to be combined with strategies to boost immune response or increase the tumor immune profile. Epigenetic aberrations contribute significantly to carcinogenesis. Recent findings suggest that epigenetic drugs prime the immune response by increasing expression of tumor-associated antigens and immune-related genes, as well as modulating chemokines and cytokines involved in immune system activation. This review describes our current understanding regarding epigenetic and immunotherapy combination, focusing on immune response priming to checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Terranova-Barberio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, Room A722, 1600 Divisadero St, Box 1770, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Scott Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, Room A722, 1600 Divisadero St, Box 1770, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Pamela N Munster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, Room A722, 1600 Divisadero St, Box 1770, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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21
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Fonteneau M, Filliol D, Anglard P, Befort K, Romieu P, Zwiller J. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferases regulates cocaine self-administration by rats: a genome-wide DNA methylation study. Genes Brain Behav 2016; 16:313-327. [PMID: 27762100 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a major epigenetic process which regulates the accessibility of genes to the transcriptional machinery. In the present study, we investigated whether modifying the global DNA methylation pattern in the brain would alter cocaine intake by rats, using the cocaine self-administration test. The data indicate that treatment of rats with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitors 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (dAZA) and zebularine enhanced the reinforcing properties of cocaine. To obtain some insights about the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, a genome-wide methylation analysis was undertaken in the prefrontal cortex of rats self-administering cocaine and treated with or without dAZA. The study identified nearly 189 000 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), about half of them were located inside gene bodies, while only 9% of DMRs were found in the promoter regions of genes. About 99% of methylation changes occurred outside CpG islands. Gene expression studies confirmed the inverse correlation usually observed between increased methylation and transcriptional activation when methylation occurs in the gene promoter. This inverse correlation was not observed when methylation took place inside gene bodies. Using the literature-based Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we explored how the differentially methylated genes were related. The analysis showed that increase in cocaine intake by rats in response to DNA methyltransferase inhibitors underlies plasticity mechanisms which mainly concern axonal growth and synaptogenesis as well as spine remodeling. Together with the Akt/PI3K pathway, the Rho-GTPase family was found to be involved in the plasticity underlying the effect of dAZA on the observed behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fonteneau
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Filliol
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Anglard
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - K Befort
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Romieu
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Zwiller
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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22
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Muvarak NE, Chowdhury K, Xia L, Robert C, Choi EY, Cai Y, Bellani M, Zou Y, Singh ZN, Duong VH, Rutherford T, Nagaria P, Bentzen SM, Seidman MM, Baer MR, Lapidus RG, Baylin SB, Rassool FV. Enhancing the Cytotoxic Effects of PARP Inhibitors with DNA Demethylating Agents - A Potential Therapy for Cancer. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:637-650. [PMID: 27728808 PMCID: PMC5201166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are clinically effective predominantly for BRCA-mutant tumors. We introduce a mechanism-based strategy to enhance PARPi efficacy based on DNA damage-related binding between DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and PARP1. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and breast cancer cells, DNMT inhibitors (DNMTis) alone covalently bind DNMTs into DNA and increase PARP1 tightly bound into chromatin. Low doses of DNMTis plus PARPis, versus each drug alone, increase PARPi efficacy, increasing amplitude and retention of PARP1 directly at laser-induced DNA damage sites. This correlates with increased DNA damage, synergistic tumor cytotoxicity, blunting of self-renewal, and strong anti-tumor responses, in vivo in unfavorable AML subtypes and BRCA wild-type breast cancer cells. Our combinatorial approach introduces a strategy to enhance efficacy of PARPis in treating cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatin/metabolism
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Nude
- Phthalazines/pharmacology
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/metabolism
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal E Muvarak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Khadiza Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Limin Xia
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Carine Robert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Eun Yong Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yi Cai
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Marina Bellani
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zeba N Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Vu H Duong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Pratik Nagaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Søren M Bentzen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael M Seidman
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maria R Baer
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stephen B Baylin
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Feyruz V Rassool
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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23
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Cheray M, Pacaud R, Nadaradjane A, Oliver L, Vallette FM, Cartron PF. Specific Inhibition of DNMT3A/ISGF3γ Interaction Increases the Temozolomide Efficiency to Reduce Tumor Growth. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1988-1999. [PMID: 27698935 PMCID: PMC5039338 DOI: 10.7150/thno.9150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a fundamental feature of genomes and is a candidate for pharmacological manipulation that might have important therapeutic advantage. Thus, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) appear to be ideal targets for drug intervention. By focusing on interactions existing between DNMT3A and DNMT3A-binding protein (D3A-BP), our work identifies the DNMT3A/ISGF3γ interaction such as a biomarker whose the presence level is associated with a poor survival prognosis and with a poor prognosis of response to the conventional chemotherapeutic treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (radiation plus temozolomide). Our data also demonstrates that the disruption of DNMT3A/ISGF3γ interactions increases the efficiency of chemotherapeutic treatment on established tumors in mice. Thus, our data opens a promising and innovative alternative to the development of specific DNMT inhibitors.
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24
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Abstract
Epigenetics is a relatively recent field of molecular biology that has arisen over the past 25 years. Cancer is now understood to be a disease of widespread epigenetic dysregulation that interacts extensively with underlying genetic mutations. The development of drugs targeting these processes has rapidly progressed; with several drugs already FDA approved as first-line therapy in hematological malignancies. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers possess high degrees of epigenetic dysregulation, exemplified by subtypes such as CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and the potential benefit of epigenetic therapy in these cancers is evident. The application of epigenetic drugs in solid tumors, including GI cancers, is just emerging, with increased understanding of the cancer epigenome. In this review, we provide a brief overview of cancer epigenetics and the epigenetic targets of therapy including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. We discuss the epigenetic drugs currently in use, with a focus on DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and explain the pharmacokinetic and mechanistic challenges in their application. We present the strategies employed in incorporating these drugs into the treatment of GI cancers, and explain the concept of the cancer stem cell in epigenetic reprogramming and reversal of chemo resistance. We discuss the most promising combination strategies in GI cancers including: (1) epigenetic sensitization to radiotherapy, (2) epigenetic sensitization to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and (3) epigenetic immune modulation and priming for immune therapy. Finally, we present preclinical and clinical trial data employing these strategies thus far in various GI cancers including colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eihab Abdelfatah
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Kerner
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nainika Nanda
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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25
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Oh YS, Jeong SG, Cho GW. Anti-senescence effects of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor RG108 in human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:583-90. [PMID: 25952632 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of DNA methylation is highly associated with ageing and ageing-related diseases. Remedy of the altered methylation pattern may provide beneficial efficacy in these diseases. In this study, we used a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, RG108, to investigate the senescence effects in human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs). First, we determined the optimized dose and time of RG108 treatment in hBM-MSCs to be 5 µM for 48 H, respectively. Under these conditions, the anti-senescence genes TERT, bFGF, VEGF, and ANG were increased, whereas the senescence-related genes ATM, p21, and p53 were decreased. The number of β-galactosidase-positive cells was significantly decreased in RG108-treated MSCs, whereas the rates of MSC migration and cellular protection were increased. We have shown that RG108 significantly induces the expression of TERT by blocking methylation at the TERT promoter region. Thus, these data indicate that an optimized dose of RG108 may improve the cell migration, protection, cellular senescence, which may provide a better efficacy of these cells in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Seo Oh
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Life Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sin-Gu Jeong
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Life Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Goang-Won Cho
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Life Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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26
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Cheray M, Nadaradjane A, Bonnet P, Routier S, Vallette FM, Cartron PF. Specific inhibition of DNMT1/CFP1 reduces cancer phenotypes and enhances chemotherapy effectiveness. Epigenomics 2015; 6:267-75. [PMID: 25111481 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM DNA methylation is a fundamental biologic process of genomes and is a candidate for pharmacological manipulation that might have important therapeutic advantages. Thus, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) appear to be ideal targets for drug intervention. MATERIALS & METHODS To develop a new generation of DNMT inhibitor, we analyzed the ability of peptides to selectively inhibit certain DNMT1-incuding complexes. RESULTS Our study demonstrates that the disruption of DNMT1/CFP1-including complexes increases the efficiency of chemotherapeutic treatment on established tumors in mice. CONCLUSION Our data opens a promising and innovative alternative to the development of DNMT inhibitors.
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27
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Dastjerdi MN, Babazadeh Z, Salehi M, Hashemibeni B, Kazemi M. Comparison of the anti-cancer effect of Disulfiram and 5-Aza-CdR on pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:156. [PMID: 25221759 PMCID: PMC4162084 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.137866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer has poor prognosis by surgical and chemotherapy when it is diagnosed, so other anti-cancerous assistant therapeutic drugs are suggested e.g. epigenetic reversal of tumor-suppressor genes on promoter hypermethylation. 5-Aza-CdR is a nucleoside analog of DNMTi but it has long-term cytotoxicity effects. This study compares the anticancer effect of 5-Aza-CdR and Disulfiram potencies on PANC-1 cell line and up-regulation of p21. Materials and Methods: PANC-1 cell line was cultured in DMEM high glucose and treated by 5-Aza-CdR with 5 and 10 μM concentration for four days and 13 μM DSF (Diulfiram) for 24 hours. MS-PCR and RT-PCR were carried out to detect the methylation pattern and estimate the mRNA expression of RASSF1A and p21 in PANC-1. Result: MS-PCR demonstrated partial unmethylation after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR while there was no unmethylated band after DSF treatment. RT-PCR showed significant differences between re-expression of RASSF1A before and after treatment with 10 μM 5-Aza-CdR (P < 0.01) but not after treatment with 13 μM DSF (P > 0.05). The significant correlation was observed between RASSF1A re-expression and p21 up-regulation before and after treatment with 10 μM 5-Aza-CdR (P < 0.01) but not after treatment with 13 μM DSF (P > 0.05), while p21 up-regulation was significantly higher after DSF treatment (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that 5-Aza-CdR induces the re-expression of RASSF1A and p21 up-regulation in PANC-1. DSF showed no epigenetic reversion while it affected p21 up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikbakht Dastjerdi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Babazadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansour Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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