51
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Lasigliè D. Sirtuins and the prevention of immunosenescence. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:221-264. [PMID: 33706950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been largely described as one underlying cause of senescence of the immune-hematopoietic system (immunosenescence). A set of well-defined hallmarks characterizes aged HSCs contributing to unbalanced hematopoiesis and aging-associated functional alterations of both branches of the immune system. In this chapter, the contribution of sirtuins, a family of conserved NAD+ dependent deacetylases with key roles in metabolism, genome integrity, aging and lifespan, to immunosenescence, will be addressed. In particular, the role of SIRT6 will be deeply analyzed highlighting a multifaceted part of this deacetylase in HSCs aging as well as in the immunosenescence of dendritic cells (DCs). These and other emerging data are currently paving the way for future design and development of rejuvenation means aiming at rescuing age-related changes in immune function in the elderly and combating age-associated hematopoietic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lasigliè
- Istituto Comprensivo "Franco Marro", Ministero dell'Istruzione Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (M.I.U.R), Villar Perosa, TO, Italy.
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52
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Hirozane T, Masuda M, Sugano T, Sekita T, Goto N, Aoyama T, Sakagami T, Uno Y, Moriyama H, Sawa M, Asano N, Nakamura M, Matsumoto M, Nakayama R, Kondo T, Kawai A, Kobayashi E, Yamada T. Direct conversion of osteosarcoma to adipocytes by targeting TNIK. JCI Insight 2021; 6:137245. [PMID: 33400690 PMCID: PMC7934882 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive mesenchymal tumor for which no molecularly targeted therapies are available. We have previously identified TRAF2- and NCK-interacting protein kinase (TNIK) as an essential factor for the transactivation of Wnt signal target genes and shown that its inhibition leads to eradication of colorectal cancer stem cells. The involvement of Wnt signaling in the pathogenesis of OS has been implicated. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential of TNIK as a therapeutic target in OS. RNA interference or pharmacological inhibition of TNIK suppressed the proliferation of OS cells. Transcriptome analysis suggested that a small-molecule inhibitor of TNIK upregulated the expression of genes involved in OS cell metabolism and downregulated transcription factors essential for maintaining the stem cell phenotype. Metabolome analysis revealed that this TNIK inhibitor redirected the metabolic network from carbon flux toward lipid accumulation in OS cells. Using in vitro and in vivo OS models, we confirmed that TNIK inhibition abrogated the OS stem cell phenotype, simultaneously driving conversion of OS cells to adipocyte-like cells through induction of PPARγ. In relation to potential therapeutic targeting in clinical practice, TNIK was confirmed to be in an active state in OS cell lines and clinical specimens. From these findings, we conclude that TNIK is applicable as a potential target for treatment of OS, affecting cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hirozane
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Masuda
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Sugano
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sekita
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Sakagami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Uno
- Carna Biosciences Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | - Naofumi Asano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Nakayama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tesshi Yamada
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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53
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Hu M, Lu Y, Zeng H, Zhang Z, Chen S, Qi Y, Xu Y, Chen F, Tang Y, Chen M, Du C, Shen M, Wang F, Su Y, Wang S, Wang J. MicroRNA-21 maintains hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis through sustaining the NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. Haematologica 2021; 106:412-423. [PMID: 31974197 PMCID: PMC7849563 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.236927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term hematopoietic output is dependent on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis which is maintained by a complex molecular network in which microRNA play crucial roles, although the underlying molecular basis has not been fully elucidated. Here we show that microRNA-21 (miR-21) is enriched in murine HSC, and that mice with conditional knockout of miR-21 exhibit an obvious perturbation in hematopoiesis. Moreover, significant loss of HSC quiescence and long-term reconstituting ability are observed in the absence of miR-21. Further studies revealed that miR-21 deficiency markedly decreases the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) pathway, accompanied by increased expression of PDCD4, a direct target of miR-21, in HSC. Interestingly, overexpression of PDCD4 in wild-type HSC generates similar phenotypes as those of miR-21-deficient HSC. More importantly, knockdown of PDCD4 can significantly rescue the attenuation of NF-B activity, thereby improving the defects in miR-21-null HSC. On the other hand, we found that miR-21 is capable of preventing HSC from ionizing radiation- induced DNA damage via activation of the NF-B pathway. Collectively, our data demonstrate that miR-21 is involved in maintaining HSC homeostasis and function, at least in part, by regulating the PDCD4-mediated NF-B pathway and provide a new insight into radioprotection of HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Hu
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yukai Lu
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhong Du
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | - Yongping Su
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Wang
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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54
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SIRT6 as a key event linking P53 and NRF2 counteracts APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting hepatocyte proliferation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:89-99. [PMID: 33532182 PMCID: PMC7838028 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury, and its prognosis depends on the balance between hepatocyte death and regeneration. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been reported to protect against oxidative stress-associated DNA damage. But whether SIRT6 regulates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, the protein expression of nuclear and total SIRT6 was up-regulated in mice liver at 6 and 48 h following APAP treatment, respectively. Sirt6 knockdown in AML12 cells aggravated APAP-induced hepatocyte death and oxidative stress, inhibited cell viability and proliferation, and downregulated CCNA1, CCND1 and CKD4 protein levels. Sirt6 knockdown significantly prevented APAP-induced NRF2 activation, reduced the transcriptional activities of GSTμ and NQO1 and the mRNA levels of Nrf2, Ho-1, Gstα and Gstμ. Furthermore, SIRT6 showed potential protein interaction with NRF2 as evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. Additionally, the protective effect of P53 against APAP-induced hepatocytes injury was Sirt6-dependent. The Sirt6 mRNA was significantly down-regulated in P53 -/- mice. P53 activated the transcriptional activity of SIRT6 and exerted interaction with SIRT6. Our results demonstrate that SIRT6 protects against APAP hepatotoxicity through alleviating oxidative stress and promoting hepatocyte proliferation, and provide new insights in the function of SIRT6 as a crucial docking molecule linking P53 and NRF2.
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Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- ALF, acute liver failure
- ALT, serum alanine aminotransferase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Acetaminophen
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- CCNA1, cyclin A1
- CCND1, cyclin D1
- CDK4, cyclin-dependent kinase 4
- CYP450, cytochromes P450
- Co-IP, co-immunoprecipitation
- DCF, dichlorofluorescein
- Dox, doxorubicin
- ECL, electrochemiluminescence
- GSH, glutathione
- GSTα, glutathianone S-transferase α
- GSTμ, glutathione S-transferase μ
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- H3K56ac, histone H3 Nε-acetyl-lysines 56
- H3K9ac, histone H3 Nε-acetyl-lysines 9
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- Hepatotoxicity
- KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- NAPQI, N-acetyl p-benzoquinone imine
- NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1
- NRF2
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- P53
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SIRT6
- SIRT6, sirtuin 6
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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55
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Chen YY, Liu YF, Liu YD, Deng XH, Zhou J. IRF7 suppresses hematopoietic regeneration under stress via CXCR4. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2020; 39:183-195. [PMID: 33252829 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain quiescence under steady state; however, they are compelled to proliferate and expand to replenish the blood system under stress. The molecular basis underlying stress hematopoiesis remains to be fully understood. In this study, we reported that IRF7 represents an important regulator of stress hematopoiesis. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) was dispensable for normal hematopoiesis, whereas its deficiency significantly enhanced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) regeneration and improved long-term repopulation of HSCs under stress. Mechanistic studies showed that CXCR4 was identified as a downstream target of IRF7. Overexpression of CXCR4 abrogated the enhanced proliferation and regeneration of IRF7-deficient HSPCs under stress. Similar results were obtained in HSCs from human umbilical cord blood. These observations demonstrated that IRF7 plays an important role in hematopoietic regeneration under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Chen
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Dong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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56
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Fang Y, An N, Zhu L, Gu Y, Qian J, Jiang G, Zhao R, Wei W, Xu L, Zhang G, Yao X, Yuan N, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Wang J. Autophagy-Sirt3 axis decelerates hematopoietic aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13232. [PMID: 32951306 PMCID: PMC7576273 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy suppresses mitochondrial metabolism to preserve hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mice. However, the mechanism by which autophagy regulates hematopoietic aging, in particular in humans, has largely been unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that reduction of autophagy in both hematopoietic cells and their stem cells is associated with aged hematopoiesis in human population. Mechanistically, autophagy delays hematopoietic aging by activating the downstream expression of Sirt3, a key mitochondrial protein capable of rejuvenating blood. Sirt3 is the most abundant Sirtuin family member in HSC‐enriched population, though it declines as the capacity for autophagy deteriorates with aging. Activation of autophagy upregulates Sirt3 in wild‐type mice, whereas in autophagy‐defective mice, Sirt3 expression is crippled in the entire hematopoietic hierarchy, but forced expression of Sirt3 in HSC‐enriched cells reduces oxidative stress and prevents accelerated hematopoietic aging from autophagy defect. Importantly, the upregulation of Sirt3 by manipulation of autophagy is validated in human HSC‐enriched cells. Thus, our results identify an autophagy‐Sirt3 axis in regulating hematopoietic aging and suggest a possible interventional solution to human blood rejuvenation via activation of the axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Fang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
- Department of Hematopoietic Engineering Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., LTD. Suzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radioprotection Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Ni An
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
- Department of Hematopoietic Engineering Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., LTD. Suzhou China
| | - Lingjiang Zhu
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
- Department of Hematopoietic Engineering Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., LTD. Suzhou China
| | - Yue Gu
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
- Department of Hematopoietic Engineering Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., LTD. Suzhou China
| | - Jiawei Qian
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
- Department of Hematopoietic Engineering Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., LTD. Suzhou China
| | - Gaoyue Jiang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Ruijin Zhao
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Wen Wei
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
- Department of Hematopoietic Engineering Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., LTD. Suzhou China
| | - Li Xu
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
- Department of Hematopoietic Engineering Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., LTD. Suzhou China
| | - Gaochuan Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Xingyun Yao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Na Yuan
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
- Department of Hematopoietic Engineering Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., LTD. Suzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radioprotection Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Suping Zhang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
- Department of Hematopoietic Engineering Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., LTD. Suzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radioprotection Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radioprotection Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute Jiangsu Institute of Hematology Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
- Department of Hematopoietic Engineering Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., LTD. Suzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radioprotection Soochow University School of Medicine Suzhou China
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57
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Xia C, Tao Y, Li M, Che T, Qu J. Protein acetylation and deacetylation: An important regulatory modification in gene transcription (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2923-2940. [PMID: 32855658 PMCID: PMC7444376 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells primarily rely on proteins to perform the majority of their physiological functions, and the function of proteins is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). The acetylation of proteins is a dynamic and highly specific PTM, which has an important influence on the functions of proteins, such as gene transcription and signal transduction. The acetylation of proteins is primarily dependent on lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases. In recent years, due to the widespread use of mass spectrometry and the emergence of new technologies, such as protein chips, studies on protein acetylation have been further developed. Compared with histone acetylation, acetylation of non-histone proteins has gradually become the focus of research due to its important regulatory mechanisms and wide range of applications. The discovery of specific protein acetylation sites using bioinformatic tools can greatly aid the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of protein acetylation involved in related physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Mingshan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Translational Medicine, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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58
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Wang Y, Cui H, Tao S, Zeng T, Wu J, Tao Z, Zhang L, Zou B, Chen Z, Garside GB, Tang D. High Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Activity Sensitizes Murine Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells to DNA Damage. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:212-221. [PMID: 31797147 PMCID: PMC6987068 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the accumulation of DNA damage and a decrease in stem cell functionality, yet molecular mechanisms that limit the maintenance of stem cells in response to DNA damage remain to be delineated. Here we show in mouse models that DNA damage leads to a transient over-activation of Wnt signaling in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and that high activity of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling sensitizes HSCs to DNA damage induced by X-irradiation which results in preferential maintenance of HSCs with low levels of Wnt signaling. The study shows that genetic or chemical activation of canonical Wnt signaling enhances radiosensitivity of HSCs while inhibition of Wnt signaling decreases it. Together, these results indicate that levels of Wnt signaling activity mediate heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HSCs to DNA damage induced depletion. These findings could be relevant for molecular alterations and selection of stem cells in the context of DNA damage accumulation during aging and cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Min-De Road. 1, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Cui
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Si Tao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianying Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhendong Tao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - George B Garside
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Duozhuang Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Min-De Road. 1, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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59
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Ruan Y, Kim HN, Ogana H, Kim YM. Wnt Signaling in Leukemia and Its Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176247. [PMID: 32872365 PMCID: PMC7503842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is an aggressive hematologic neoplastic disease. Therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs) may contribute to the relapse of the disease. LSCs are thought to be protected in the leukemia microenvironment, mainly consisting of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC), endothelial cells, and osteoblasts. Canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways play a critical role in the maintenance of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and LSCs. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the role of Wnt signaling in leukemia and its microenvironment and provide information on the currently available strategies for targeting Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (Y.R.); (H.N.K.); (H.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hye Na Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (Y.R.); (H.N.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Heather Ogana
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (Y.R.); (H.N.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (Y.R.); (H.N.K.); (H.O.)
- Correspondence:
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60
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Yang S, Guo S, Tong S, Sun X. Exosomal miR-130a-3p regulates osteogenic differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived stem cells through mediating SIRT7/Wnt/β-catenin axis. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12890. [PMID: 32808361 PMCID: PMC7574877 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives It is of profound significance for clinical bone regeneration to clarify the specific molecular mechanism from which we found that osteogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) will be probably promoted by exosomes. Materials and Methods By means of lentiviral transfection, miR‐130a‐3p overexpression and knockdown ADSCs were constructed. Alizarin Red S was used to detect the calcium deposits, and qPCR was used to detect osteogenesis‐related genes, to verify the effect of miR‐130a‐3p on the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. CCK‐8 was used to detect the effect of miR‐130a‐3p on the proliferation of ADSCs. The target binding between miR‐130a‐3p and SIRT7 was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, the role of Wnt signalling pathway in the regulation of ADSCs osteogenesis and differentiation by miR‐130a‐3p was further verified by detecting osteogenic‐related genes and proteins and alkaline phosphatase activity. Results (a) Overexpression of miR‐130a‐3p can enhance the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs while reducing protein and mRNA levels of SIRT7, a target of miR‐130a‐3p. (b) Our study further found that overexpression of miR‐130a‐3p leads to down‐regulation of SIRT7 expression with up‐regulation of Wnt signalling pathway‐associated protein. (c) Overexpression of miR‐130a‐3p inhibited proliferation of ADSCs, while knockdown promoted it. Conclusions The obtained findings indicate that exosomal miR‐130a‐3p can promote osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs partly by mediating SIRT7/Wnt/β‐catenin axis, which will hence promote the application of exosomal microRNA in the field of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Tong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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61
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Rezazadeh S, Yang D, Biashad SA, Firsanov D, Takasugi M, Gilbert M, Tombline G, Bhanu NV, Garcia BA, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. SIRT6 mono-ADP ribosylates KDM2A to locally increase H3K36me2 at DNA damage sites to inhibit transcription and promote repair. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11165-11184. [PMID: 32584788 PMCID: PMC7343504 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
When transcribed DNA is damaged, the transcription and DNA repair machineries must interact to ensure successful DNA repair. The mechanisms of this interaction in the context of chromatin are still being elucidated. Here we show that the SIRT6 protein enhances non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair by transiently repressing transcription. Specifically, SIRT6 mono-ADP ribosylates the lysine demethylase JHDM1A/KDM2A leading to rapid displacement of KDM2A from chromatin, resulting in increased H3K36me2 levels. Furthermore, we found that through HP1α binding, H3K36me2 promotes subsequent H3K9 tri-methylation. This results in transient suppression of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and recruitment of NHEJ factors to DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). These data reveal a mechanism where SIRT6 mediates a crosstalk between transcription and DNA repair machineries to promote DNA repair. SIRT6 functions in multiple pathways related to aging, and its novel function coordinating DNA repair and transcription is yet another way by which SIRT6 promotes genome stability and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarallah Rezazadeh
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - David Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Seyed Ali Biashad
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Denis Firsanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Masaki Takasugi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Michael Gilbert
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Gregory Tombline
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Natarajan V Bhanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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62
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Gewin LS. Sirtuin 6 and renal injury: another link in the β-catenin chain? Kidney Int 2020; 97:24-27. [PMID: 31901350 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A protective role for sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) in the context of chronic renal injury is reported by Cai et al. in this issue of Kidney International. The mechanism is thought to be mediated by Sirt6's deacetylase activity, specifically on β-catenin target genes. This commentary discusses these results and the interaction between Sirt6 and β-catenin within the broader context of β-catenin signaling and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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63
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64
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Lu Y, Hu M, Zhang Z, Qi Y, Wang J. The regulation of hematopoietic stem cell fate in the context of radiation. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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65
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Wang P, Wang Z, Liu J. Role of HDACs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:5. [PMID: 31910827 PMCID: PMC6945581 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal hematopoiesis requires the accurate orchestration of lineage-specific patterns of gene expression at each stage of development, and epigenetic regulators play a vital role. Disordered epigenetic regulation has emerged as a key mechanism contributing to hematological malignancies. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a series of key transcriptional cofactors that regulate gene expression by deacetylation of lysine residues on histone and nonhistone proteins. In normal hematopoiesis, HDACs are widely involved in the development of various lineages. Their functions involve stemness maintenance, lineage commitment determination, cell differentiation and proliferation, etc. Deregulation of HDACs by abnormal expression or activity and oncogenic HDAC-containing transcriptional complexes are involved in hematological malignancies. Currently, HDAC family members are attractive targets for drug design, and a variety of HDAC-based combination strategies have been developed for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Drug resistance and limited therapeutic efficacy are key issues that hinder the clinical applications of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how HDACs and HDAC-containing complexes function in normal hematopoiesis and highlight the etiology of HDACs in hematological malignancies. Moreover, the implication and drug resistance of HDACis are also discussed. This review presents an overview of the physiology and pathology of HDACs in the blood system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.,Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zi Wang
- The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China. .,Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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66
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Ravi V, Jain A, Khan D, Ahamed F, Mishra S, Giri M, Inbaraj M, Krishna S, Sarikhani M, Maity S, Kumar S, Shah RA, Dave P, Pandit AS, Rajendran R, Desingu PA, Varshney U, Das S, Kolthur-Seetharam U, Rajakumari S, Singh M, Sundaresan NR. SIRT6 transcriptionally regulates global protein synthesis through transcription factor Sp1 independent of its deacetylase activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9115-9131. [PMID: 31372634 PMCID: PMC6755095 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Global protein synthesis is emerging as an important player in the context of aging and age-related diseases. However, the intricate molecular networks that regulate protein synthesis are poorly understood. Here, we report that SIRT6, a nuclear-localized histone deacetylase represses global protein synthesis by transcriptionally regulating mTOR signalling via the transcription factor Sp1, independent of its deacetylase activity. Our results suggest that SIRT6 deficiency increases protein synthesis in mice. Further, multiple lines of in vitro evidence suggest that SIRT6 negatively regulates protein synthesis in a cell-autonomous fashion and independent of its catalytic activity. Mechanistically, SIRT6 binds to the zinc finger DNA binding domain of Sp1 and represses its activity. SIRT6 deficiency increased the occupancy of Sp1 at key mTOR signalling gene promoters resulting in enhanced expression of these genes and activation of the mTOR signalling pathway. Interestingly, inhibition of either mTOR or Sp1 abrogated the increased protein synthesis observed under SIRT6 deficient conditions. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR restored cardiac function in muscle-specific SIRT6 knockout mice, which spontaneously develop cardiac hypertrophy. Overall, these findings have unravelled a new layer of regulation of global protein synthesis by SIRT6, which can be potentially targeted to combat aging-associated diseases like cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatraman Ravi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aditi Jain
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Danish Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Faiz Ahamed
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sneha Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Malyasree Giri
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Meena Inbaraj
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Swati Krishna
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mohsen Sarikhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sangeeta Maity
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shweta Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Riyaz Ahmad Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pratik Dave
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anwit S Pandit
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajprabu Rajendran
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Perumal A Desingu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Sona Rajakumari
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.,NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.,Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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67
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Rezazadeh S, Yang D, Tombline G, Simon M, Regan SP, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. SIRT6 promotes transcription of a subset of NRF2 targets by mono-ADP-ribosylating BAF170. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7914-7928. [PMID: 31216030 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 is critical for activating transcription of Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) responsive genes during oxidative stress. However, while the mechanism of SIRT6-mediated silencing is well understood, the mechanism of SIRT6-mediated transcriptional activation is unknown. Here, we employed SIRT6 separation of function mutants to reveal that SIRT6 mono-ADP-ribosylation activity is required for transcriptional activation. We demonstrate that SIRT6 mono-ADP-ribosylation of BAF170, a subunit of BAF chromatin remodeling complex, is critical for activation of a subset of NRF2 responsive genes upon oxidative stress. We show that SIRT6 recruits BAF170 to enhancer region of the Heme oxygenase-1 locus and promotes recruitment of RNA polymerase II. Furthermore, SIRT6 mediates the formation of the active chromatin 10-kb loop at the HO-1 locus, which is absent in SIRT6 deficient tissue. These results provide a novel mechanism for SIRT6-mediated transcriptional activation, where SIRT6 mono-ADP-ribosylates and recruits chromatin remodeling proteins to mediate the formation of active chromatin loop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Yang
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | | | - Sean P Regan
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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68
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Folgueras AR, Freitas-Rodríguez S, Velasco G, López-Otín C. Mouse Models to Disentangle the Hallmarks of Human Aging. Circ Res 2019; 123:905-924. [PMID: 30355076 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Model organisms have provided fundamental evidence that aging can be delayed and longevity extended. These findings gave rise to a new era in aging research aimed at elucidating the pathways and networks controlling this complex biological process. The identification of 9 hallmarks of aging has established a framework to evaluate the relative contribution of each hallmark and the interconnections among them. In this review, we revisit these hallmarks with the information obtained exclusively through the generation of genetically modified mouse models that have a significant impact on the aging process. We discuss within each hallmark those interventions that accelerate aging or that have been successful at increasing lifespan, with the final goal of identifying the most promising antiaging avenues based on the current knowledge provided by in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Folgueras
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sandra Freitas-Rodríguez
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gloria Velasco
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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69
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Mattes K, Vellenga E, Schepers H. Differential redox-regulation and mitochondrial dynamics in normal and leukemic hematopoietic stem cells: A potential window for leukemia therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 144:102814. [PMID: 31593878 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor, mainly due to disease relapse driven by leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Recent studies have highlighted the unique metabolic properties of LSCs, which might represent opportunities for LSC-selective targeting. LSCs characteristically have low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which apparently result from a combination of low mitochondrial activity and high activity of ROS-removing pathways such as autophagy. Due to this low activity, LSCs are highly dependent on mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms. These include the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, which also has crucial roles in regulating the mitochondrial membrane potential, and proteins involved in mitophagy. Here we review the different pathways that impact mitochondrial activity and redox-regulation, and highlight their relevance for the functionality of both HSCs and LSCs. Additionally, novel AML therapy strategies that are based on interference with those pathways, including the promising BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mattes
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hein Schepers
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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70
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Cai J, Liu Z, Huang X, Shu S, Hu X, Zheng M, Tang C, Liu Y, Chen G, Sun L, Liu H, Liu F, Cheng J, Dong Z. The deacetylase sirtuin 6 protects against kidney fibrosis by epigenetically blocking β-catenin target gene expression. Kidney Int 2019; 97:106-118. [PMID: 31787254 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathologic pathway of progressive kidney disease involving complex signaling networks. The deacetylase sirtuin 6 (sirt6) was recently implicated in kidney injury. However, it remains elusive whether and how sirt6 contributes to the regulation of kidney fibrosis. Here, we demonstrate that sirt6 protects against kidney interstitial fibrosis through epigenetic regulation of β-catenin signaling. Sirt6 is markedly upregulated during fibrogenesis following obstructed nephropathy and kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Pharmacological inhibition of sirt6 deacetylase activity aggravates kidney fibrosis in obstructed nephropathy. Consistently, knockdown of sirt6 in mouse kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells aggravates transforming growth factor-β-induced fibrosis in vitro. Mechanistically, sirt6 deficiency results in augmented expression of the downstream target proteins of β-catenin signaling. We further show that sirt6 interacts with β-catenin during transforming growth factor-β treatment and binds to the promoters of β-catenin target genes, resulting in the deacetylation of histone H3K56 to prevent the transcription of fibrosis-related genes. Thus, our data reveal the anti-fibrotic function of sirt6 by epigenetically attenuating β-catenin target gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqun Shu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoru Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinke Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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71
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Buisman SC, de Haan G. Epigenetic Changes as a Target in Aging Haematopoietic Stem Cells and Age-Related Malignancies. Cells 2019; 8:E868. [PMID: 31405121 PMCID: PMC6721661 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with multiple molecular and functional changes in haematopoietic cells. Most notably, the self-renewal and differentiation potential of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are compromised, resulting in myeloid skewing, reduced output of red blood cells and decreased generation of immune cells. These changes result in anaemia, increased susceptibility for infections and higher prevalence of haematopoietic malignancies. In HSCs, age-associated global epigenetic changes have been identified. These epigenetic alterations in aged HSCs can occur randomly (epigenetic drift) or are the result of somatic mutations in genes encoding for epigenetic proteins. Mutations in loci that encode epigenetic modifiers occur frequently in patients with haematological malignancies, but also in healthy elderly individuals at risk to develop these. It may be possible to pharmacologically intervene in the aberrant epigenetic program of derailed HSCs to enforce normal haematopoiesis or treat age-related haematopoietic diseases. Over the past decade our molecular understanding of epigenetic regulation has rapidly increased and drugs targeting epigenetic modifications are increasingly part of treatment protocols. The reversibility of epigenetic modifications renders these targets for novel therapeutics. In this review we provide an overview of epigenetic changes that occur in aging HSCs and age-related malignancies and discuss related epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja C Buisman
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerald de Haan
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
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72
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Verovskaya EV, Dellorusso PV, Passegué E. Losing Sense of Self and Surroundings: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging and Leukemic Transformation. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:494-515. [PMID: 31109796 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to functional decline of the hematopoietic system, manifested by an increased incidence of hematological disease in the elderly. Deterioration of hematopoietic integrity with age originates in part from the degraded functionality of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we review recent findings identifying changes in metabolic programs and loss of epigenetic identity as major drivers of old HSC dysfunction and their role in promoting leukemia onset in the context of age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH). We discuss how inflammatory and growth signals from the aged bone marrow (BM) microenvironment contribute to cell-intrinsic HSC aging phenotypes and favor leukemia development. Finally, we address how metabolic, epigenetic, and inflammatory pathways could be targeted to enhance old HSC fitness and prevent leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia V Verovskaya
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paul V Dellorusso
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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73
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Martinez-Redondo P, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Tailored chromatin modulation to promote tissue regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 97:3-15. [PMID: 31028854 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is fundamental in the maintenance of cellular identity and the regulation of cellular plasticity during tissue repair. In fact, epigenetic modulation is associated with the processes of cellular de-differentiation, proliferation, and re-differentiation that takes place during tissue regeneration. In here we explore the epigenetic events that coordinate tissue repair in lower vertebrates with high regenerative capacity, and in mammalian adult stem cells, which are responsible for the homeostasis maintenance of most of our tissues. Finally we summarize promising CRISPR-based editing technologies developed during the last years, which look as promising tools to not only study but also promote specific events during tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Martinez-Redondo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States.
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Chen D, Kerr C. The Epigenetics of Stem Cell Aging Comes of Age. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:563-568. [PMID: 31030975 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic regulators are critically required for the maintenance of tissue-specific stem cells and that the epigenetic marks are altered in stem cells during physiological aging. Intriguingly, aging-associated stem cell functional decline can be reversed by manipulating epigenetic factors that become dysregulated during aging. These observations lend support to the stem cell theory of aging, which postulates that aging is the result of the inability of tissue-specific stem cells to replenish the tissues with functional differentiated cells that maintain the function of a tissue, and open a new era of research on the epigenetics of stem cell aging that may represent therapeutic potential. Recent advances in single cell technologies are revolutionizing our mechanistic understanding of rare populations of cells, such as stem cells, and offer an unprecedented opportunity to address this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Candace Kerr
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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75
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Ghosh LD, Ravi V, Jain A, Panicker AG, Sundaresan NR, Chatterjee K. Sirtuin 6 mediated stem cell cardiomyogenesis on protein coated nanofibrous scaffolds. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 19:145-155. [PMID: 30926577 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cellular niche provides combination of biomolecular and biophysical cues to control stem cell fate. Three-dimensional (3D) aligned nanofibrous scaffolds can effectively augment stem cell cardiomyogenesis. This work aims to understand the role of biomolecular signals from extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and leverage them to further promote cardiomyogenesis on nanofibrous scaffolds. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on 3D aligned polycaprolactone scaffolds coated with different ECM proteins. Among multiple coatings tested, collagen coated fibers were most effective in promoting cardiomyogenesis as determined from increased expression of cardiac biomarkers and intracellular calcium flux. At molecular level, enhanced differentiation on collagen coated fibers was associated with an increased level of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6). Depletion of SIRT6 using siRNA attenuated the differentiation process through activation of Wnt signaling pathway. This study, thus, demonstrates that protein coated scaffolds can augment cardiomyogenic differentiation of stem cells through a combination of topographical and biomolecular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Das Ghosh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Venkatraman Ravi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Aditi Jain
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Arpana G Panicker
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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76
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Hua P, Kronsteiner B, van der Garde M, Ashley N, Hernandez D, Tarunina M, Hook L, Choo Y, Roberts I, Mead A, Watt SM. Single-cell assessment of transcriptome alterations induced by Scriptaid in early differentiated human haematopoietic progenitors during ex vivo expansion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5300. [PMID: 30923342 PMCID: PMC6438964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Priming haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vitro with specific chromatin modifying agents and cytokines under serum-free-conditions significantly enhances engraftable HSC numbers. We extend these studies by culturing human CD133+ HSPCs on nanofibre scaffolds to mimic the niche for 5-days with the HDAC inhibitor Scriptaid and cytokines. Scriptaid increases absolute Lin−CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD90+CD49f+ HSPC numbers, while concomitantly decreasing the Lin−CD38−CD34+CD45RA−CD90− subset. Hypothesising that Scriptaid plus cytokines expands the CD90+ subset without differentiation and upregulates CD90 on CD90− cells, we sorted, then cultured Lin−CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD90− cells with Scriptaid and cytokines. Within 2-days and for at least 5-days, most CD90− cells became CD90+. There was no significant difference in the transcriptomic profile, by RNAsequencing, between cytokine-expanded and purified Lin−CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD49f+CD90+ cells in the presence or absence of Scriptaid, suggesting that Scriptaid maintains stem cell gene expression programs despite expansion in HSC numbers. Supporting this, 50 genes were significantly differentially expressed between CD90+ and CD90− Lin−CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD49f+ subsets in Scriptaid-cytokine- and cytokine only-expansion conditions. Thus, Scriptaid treatment of CD133+ cells may be a useful approach to expanding the absolute number of CD90+ HSC, without losing their stem cell characteristics, both through direct effects on HSC and potentially also conversion of their immediate CD90− progeny into CD90+ HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hua
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.,Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
| | - Barbara Kronsteiner
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
| | - Mark van der Garde
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
| | - Neil Ashley
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Diana Hernandez
- Plasticell Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Marina Tarunina
- Plasticell Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Lilian Hook
- Plasticell Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Yen Choo
- Plasticell Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Haematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Mead
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.,Haematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Suzanne M Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK.
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77
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Fang Y, Tang S, Li X. Sirtuins in Metabolic and Epigenetic Regulation of Stem Cells. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:177-188. [PMID: 30630664 PMCID: PMC6382540 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are highly conserved NAD+-dependent enzymes that are capable of removing a wide range of lipid lysine acyl-groups from protein substrates in a NAD+-dependent manner. These NAD+-dependent activities enable sirtuins to monitor cellular energy status and modulate gene transcription, genome stability, and energy metabolism in response to environmental signals. Consequently, sirtuins are important for cell survival, stress resistance, proliferation, and differentiation. In recent years, sirtuins are increasingly recognized as crucial regulators of stem cell biology in addition to their well-known roles in metabolism and aging. This review article highlights our current knowledge on sirtuins in stem cells, including their functions in pluripotent stem cells, embryogenesis, and development as well as their roles in adult stem cell maintenance, regeneration, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shuang Tang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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78
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Yang F, Huang Y, Chen X, Liu L, Liao D, Zhang H, Huang G, Liu W, Zhu X, Wang W, Lobo CA, Yazdanbakhsh K, An X, Ju Z. Deletion of a flippase subunit Tmem30a in hematopoietic cells impairs mouse fetal liver erythropoiesis. Haematologica 2019; 104:1984-1994. [PMID: 30819915 PMCID: PMC6886424 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.203992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 30A (Tmem30a) is the β-subunit of P4-ATPases which function as flippase that transports aminophospholipids such as phosphatidylserine from the outer to the inner leaflets of the plasma membrane to maintain asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. It has been documented that deficiency of Tmem30a led to exposure of phosphatidylserine. However, the role of Tmem30a in vivo remains largely unknown. Here we found that Vav-Cre-driven conditional deletion of Tmem30a in hematopoietic cells led to embryonic lethality due to severe anemia by embryonic day 16.5. The numbers of erythroid colonies and erythroid cells were decreased in the Tmem30a deficient fetal liver. This was accompanied by increased apoptosis of erythroid cells. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed an increase of localization of erythropoietin receptor to areas of membrane raft microdomains in response to erythropoietin stimulation in Ter119−erythroid progenitors, which was impaired in Tmem30a deficient cells. Moreover, erythropoietin receptor (EPOR)-mediated activation of the STAT5 pathway was significantly reduced in Tmem30a deficient fetal liver cells. Consistently, knockdown of TMEM30A in human CD34+ cells also impaired erythropoiesis. Our findings demonstrate that Tmem30a plays a critical role in erythropoiesis by regulating the EPOR signaling pathway through the formation of membrane rafts in erythroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianda Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA.,School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Division of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wenjing Liu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wengong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Cheryl A Lobo
- Laboratory of Blood-Borne Parasites, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiuli An
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China .,Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA.,School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China .,Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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79
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Xu P, Wang TT, Liu XZ, Wang NY, Sun LH, Zhang ZQ, Chen HZ, Lv X, Huang Y, Liu DP. Sirt6 regulates efficiency of mouse somatic reprogramming and maintenance of pluripotency. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:9. [PMID: 30630525 PMCID: PMC6329104 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. It has been reported that Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases, is involved in embryonic stem cell differentiation. However, whether and how Sirt6 influences epigenetic reprogramming remains unknown. METHODS Mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from transgenic Oct4-GFP reporter mice with or without Sirt6 were used for reprogramming by Yamanaka factors. Alkaline phosphatase-positive and OCT4-GFP-positive colony were counted to calculate reprogramming efficiency. OP9 feeder cell co-culture system was used to measure the hematopoietic differentiation from mouse ES and iPS cells. RNA sequencing was measured to identify the differential expressed genes due to loss of Sirt6 in somatic and pluripotent cells. RESULTS In this study, we provide evidence that Sirt6 is involved in mouse somatic reprogramming. We found that loss of function of Sirt6 could significantly decrease reprogramming efficiency. Furthermore, we showed that Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line has intrinsically a differentiation defect even though the establishment of normal self-renewal. Particularly, by performing transcriptome analysis, we observed that several pluripotent transcriptional factors increase in knockout cell line, which explains the underlying loss of pluripotency in Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we have identified a new regulatory role of Sirt6 in reprogramming and maintenance of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Ting-ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
- Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xiu-zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Nan-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Li-hong Sun
- Center for Experimental Animal Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Zhu-qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Hou-zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Xiang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - De-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China
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80
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Yan C, Chang J, Song X, Yan F, Yu W, An Y, Wei F, Yang L, Ren X. Memory stem T cells generated by Wnt signaling from blood of human renal clear cell carcinoma patients. Cancer Biol Med 2019; 16:109-124. [PMID: 31119051 PMCID: PMC6528452 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Memory stem T cells (Tscm) have attracted attention because of their enhanced self-renewal, multipotent capacity, and anti-tumor capacities. However, little is known about Tscm in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) and the role of Wnt signaling in these cells. We evaluated Tscm from RCC patients concerning their activation of Wnt signaling in vitro and explored the mechanism of preferential survival.
Methods Flow cytometry identified surface markers and cytokines produced from accumulated Tscm in the presence of the glycogen synthase kinase beta inhibitor TWS119. Apoptosis was evaluated after induction using tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were used to investigate the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-КB) pathway. Results RCC patients had a similar percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ Tscm as healthy donors. Activation of Wnt signaling by TWS119 resulted in the accumulation of Tscm in activated T cells, but reversal of differentiated T cells to Tscm was not achieved. Preferential survival of Tscm was associated with increased anti-apoptotic ability mediated downstream of the NF-КB activation pathway.
Conclusions The finding that Tscm can accumulate by Wnt signaling in vitro in blood from RCC patients will help in devising new cancer therapy strategies of Tscm-based adoptive immunotherapy, such as dendritic cell-stimulated Tscm, and T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor-engineered Tscm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihui Yan
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xinmiao Song
- Department of Electromyogram, 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Fan Yan
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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81
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Moon J, Kim HR, Shin MG. Rejuvenating Aged Hematopoietic Stem Cells Through Improvement of Mitochondrial Function. Ann Lab Med 2018; 38:395-401. [PMID: 29797808 PMCID: PMC5973912 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2018.38.5.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell as well as the primary site of hematopoiesis, which also occurs in the cytoplasm. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by a very high turnover rate, and are thus considered to be relatively free from the age-related insults generated by mitochondria. However, HSCs are also subject to these age-related insults, including the incidence of myeloid proliferative diseases, marrow failure, hematopoietic neoplasms, and deterioration of the adaptive human immune system. Recently, NAD+ dietary supplements, known as niacin or vitamin B3, including tryptophan, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and the newly identified NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside, have been shown to play a role in restoring adult stem cell function through the amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction. This insight motivated a study that focused on reversing aging-related cellular dysfunction in adult mouse muscle stem cells by supplementing their diet with nicotinamide riboside. The remedial effect of nicotinamide riboside enhanced mitochondrial function in these muscle stem cells in a SIRT1-dependent manner, affecting cellular respiration, membrane potential, and production of ATP. Accordingly, numerous studies have demonstrated that sirtuins, under nuclear/mitochondrial control, have age-specific effects in determining HSC phenotypes. Based on the evidence accumulated thus far, we propose a clinical intervention for the restoration of aged HSC function by improving mitochondrial function through NAD+ precursor supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, CA, USA
| | - Hye Ran Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Korea.
| | - Myung Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.,Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukemia and Cancer, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Korea.
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82
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Nirzhor SSR, Khan RI, Neelotpol S. The Biology of Glial Cells and Their Complex Roles in Alzheimer's Disease: New Opportunities in Therapy. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030093. [PMID: 30201881 PMCID: PMC6164719 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of significant interest to the scientific community, its pathogenesis is very complicated and not well-understood. A great deal of progress has been made in AD research recently and with the advent of these new insights more therapeutic benefits may be identified that could help patients around the world. Much of the research in AD thus far has been very neuron-oriented; however, recent studies suggest that glial cells, i.e., microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (NG2 glia), are linked to the pathogenesis of AD and may offer several potential therapeutic targets against AD. In addition to a number of other functions, glial cells are responsible for maintaining homeostasis (i.e., concentration of ions, neurotransmitters, etc.) within the central nervous system (CNS) and are crucial to the structural integrity of neurons. This review explores the: (i) role of glial cells in AD pathogenesis; (ii) complex functionalities of the components involved; and (iii) potential therapeutic targets that could eventually lead to a better quality of life for AD patients.
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83
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Wang H, Zuo H, Liu J, Wen F, Gao Y, Zhu X, Liu B, Xiao F, Wang W, Huang G, Shen B, Ju Z. Loss of YTHDF2-mediated m 6A-dependent mRNA clearance facilitates hematopoietic stem cell regeneration. Cell Res 2018; 28:1035-1038. [PMID: 30150673 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
| | - Hongna Zuo
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Wen
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Yawei Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wengong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Division of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Room S7.224, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
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84
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Wang T, Wu H, Liu S, Lei Z, Qin Z, Wen L, Liu K, Wang X, Guo Y, Liu Q, Liu L, Wang J, Lin L, Mao C, Zhu X, Xiao H, Bian X, Chen D, Xu C, Wang B. SMYD3 controls a Wnt-responsive epigenetic switch for ASCL2 activation and cancer stem cell maintenance. Cancer Lett 2018; 430:11-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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85
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Abstract
Stem cell aging is a process in which stem cells progressively lose their ability to self-renew or differentiate, succumb to senescence or apoptosis, and eventually become functionally depleted. Unresolved oxidative stress and concomitant oxidative damages of cellular macromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates have been recognized to contribute to stem cell aging. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species and insufficient cellular antioxidant reserves compromise cell repair and metabolic homeostasis, which serves as a mechanistic switch for a variety of aging-related pathways. Understanding the molecular trigger, regulation, and outcomes of those signaling networks is critical for developing novel therapies for aging-related diseases by targeting stem cell aging. Here we explore the key features of stem cell aging biology, with an emphasis on the roles of oxidative stress in the aging process at the molecular level. As a concept of cytoprotection of stem cells in transplantation, we also discuss how systematic enhancement of endogenous antioxidant capacity before or during graft into tissues can potentially raise the efficacy of clinical therapy. Finally, future directions for elucidating the control of oxidative stress and developing preventive/curative strategies against stem cell aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,2 Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- 3 GMH Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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86
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Functional decline of hematopoiesis that occurs in the elderly, or in patients who receive therapies that trigger cellular senescence effects, results in a progressive reduction in the immune response and an increased incidence of myeloid malignancy. Intracellular signals in hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors (HSC/P) mediate systemic, microenvironment, and cell-intrinsic effector aging signals that induce their decline. This review intends to summarize and critically review our advances in the understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways responsible for HSC decline during aging and opportunities for intervention. Recent Findings For a long time, aging of HSC has been thought to be an irreversible process imprinted in stem cells due to the cell intrinsic nature of aging. However, recent murine models and human correlative studies provide evidence that aging is associated with molecular signaling pathways, including oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, loss of polarity and an altered epigenome. These signaling pathways provide potential targets for prevention or reversal of age-related changes. Summary Here we review our current understanding of the signalling pathways that are differentially activated or repressed during HSC/P aging, focusing on the oxidative, metabolic, biochemical and structural consequences downstream, and cell-intrinsic, systemic, and environmental influences.
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87
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Rothberg JLM, Maganti HB, Jrade H, Porter CJ, Palidwor GA, Cafariello C, Battaion HL, Khan ST, Perkins TJ, Paulson RF, Ito CY, Stanford WL. Mtf2-PRC2 control of canonical Wnt signaling is required for definitive erythropoiesis. Cell Discov 2018; 4:21. [PMID: 29736258 PMCID: PMC5928144 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) accessory proteins play substoichiometric, tissue-specific roles to recruit PRC2 to specific genomic loci or increase enzymatic activity, while PRC2 core proteins are required for complex stability and global levels of trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Here, we demonstrate a role for the classical PRC2 accessory protein Mtf2/Pcl2 in the hematopoietic system that is more akin to that of a core PRC2 protein. Mtf2-/- erythroid progenitors demonstrate markedly decreased core PRC2 protein levels and a global loss of H3K27me3 at promoter-proximal regions. The resulting de-repression of transcriptional and signaling networks blocks definitive erythroid development, culminating in Mtf2-/- embryos dying by e15.5 due to severe anemia. Gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis demonstrated Mtf2 directly regulates Wnt signaling in erythroblasts, leading to activated canonical Wnt signaling in Mtf2-deficient erythroblasts, while chemical inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling rescued Mtf2-deficient erythroblast differentiation in vitro. Using a combination of in vitro, in vivo and systems analyses, we demonstrate that Mtf2 is a critical epigenetic regulator of Wnt signaling during erythropoiesis and recast the role of polycomb accessory proteins in a tissue-specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L. Manias Rothberg
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Harinad B. Maganti
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Hani Jrade
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Christopher J. Porter
- Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Gareth A. Palidwor
- Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Christopher Cafariello
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Hannah L. Battaion
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Safwat T. Khan
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Theodore J. Perkins
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Robert F. Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Caryn Y. Ito
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - William L. Stanford
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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88
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Li Y, Li X, Cole A, McLaughlin S, Du W. Icariin improves Fanconi anemia hematopoietic stem cell function through SIRT6-mediated NF-kappa B inhibition. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:367-376. [PMID: 29355456 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1426413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a flavonoid glucoside derived from the Epimedium plant genus, which has potent regenerative properties and is used in western medicine to treat impotence. Recently, ICA has generated great interest in improving hepatic stellate cell function and cardiac rejuvenation. However, how this natural component functions in hematopoiesis remains unexplored. Here we have examined the role of ICA on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using the cancer-prone disease model of Fanconi anemia (FA), an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with extremely high risk of leukemic predisposition. We show that ICA reverses the less quiescent status of HSCs deficient for the Fanca or Fancd2 gene, and improves the ability of these mutant stem cells to form colony formation units (CFU) in vitro and reconstitutes hematopoiesis in transplanted recipients. Further analysis reveals that ICA upregulates enzyme activity of the chromatin binding protein SIRT6 in Fanca-/- and Fancd2-/- HSCs, both of which have an intrinsic low SIRT6 activity. Furthermore, forced expression of SIRT6 blocks the natural decline of quiescent HSCs in Fanca-/- or Fancd2-/- mice and improves the repopulating capacity of these mutant HSCs in irradiated recipients. Mechanistically, ICA enhances SIRT6-mediated H3K9 deacetylation on the promoter of NF-κB and represses the expression of NF-κB target genes. Together, our findings indicate that ICA improves the function of HSCs by stimulating SIRT6 activity and contributes to the regenerative effect of ICA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Li
- a Institue for Brain Research and Rehabilitation , South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xue Li
- a Institue for Brain Research and Rehabilitation , South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Allison Cole
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , West Virginia University School of Pharmacy , Morgantown , WV 26506
| | - Sarah McLaughlin
- c Animal Models and Imaging Facility , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV 26506
| | - Wei Du
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , West Virginia University School of Pharmacy , Morgantown , WV 26506.,d Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program , West Virginia University Cancer Institute , Morgantown , WV 26506
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89
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Jing H, Su X, Gao B, Shuai Y, Chen J, Deng Z, Liao L, Jin Y. Epigenetic inhibition of Wnt pathway suppresses osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs during osteoporosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:176. [PMID: 29416009 PMCID: PMC5833865 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted Wnt signaling in osteoblastic-lineage cells leads to bone formation defect in osteoporosis. However, the factors repressing Wnt signaling are unclear. In our study, we found that Wnt signaling was suppressed persistently in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) during osteoporosis. Accordingly, histone acetylation levels on Wnt genes (Wnt1, Wnt6, Wnt10a, and Wnt10b) were declined in BMSCs from OVX mice. By screening the family of histone acetyltransferase, we identified that GCN5 expression increased during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, whereas decreased after osteoporosis. Further analysis revealed that GCN5 promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by increasing acetylation on histone 3 lysine 9 loci on the promoters of Wnt genes. Reduced GCN5 expression suppressed Wnt signaling, resulting in osteogenic defect of BMSCs from OVX mice. Moreover, restoring GCN5 levels recovered BMSC osteogenic differentiation, and attenuated bone loss in OVX mice. Taken together, our study demonstrated that disrupted histone acetylation modification in BMSCs lead to bone formation defect during osteoporosis. The findings also introduced a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yi Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zhihong Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China. .,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China. .,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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90
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Eosinophil-derived CCL-6 impairs hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis. Cell Res 2018; 28:323-335. [PMID: 29327730 PMCID: PMC5835778 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2018.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils (Eos) have been long considered as end-stage effector cells in the hierarchical hematopoietic system. Numerous lines of evidence have suggested that Eos are multifunctional leukocytes with respect to the initiation, propagation and regulation of various inflammatory or immune reactions, especially in allergic diseases. Recent studies have shown that Eos are also required for maintenance of bone marrow plasma cells and differentiation of B cells. However, it remains unclear whether Eos contributes to regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that Eos disrupt HSC homeostasis by impairing HSC quiescence and reconstitution ability in wild-type mice following ovalbumin (OVA) challenge and even by causing bone marrow HSC failure and exhaustion in Cd3δ-Il-5 transgenic mice. The impaired maintenance and function of HSCs were associated with Eos-induced redox imbalance (increased oxidative phosphorylation and decreased anti-oxidants levels). More importantly, using mass spectrometry, we determined that CCL-6 is expressed at a high level under eosinophilia. We demonstrate that CCL-6 is Eos-derived and responsible for the impaired HSC homeostasis. Interestingly, blockage of CCL-6 with a specific neutralizing antibody, restored the reconstitution ability of HSCs while exacerbating eosinophilia airway inflammation in OVA-challenged mice. Thus, our study reveals an unexpected function of Eos/CCL-6 in HSC homeostasis.
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91
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Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), represent a significant and increasing health burden. Current therapies are largely symptomatic, and novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Aging has emerged as a contributing factor for the development of both IPF and COPD because their prevalence increases with age, and several pathological features of these diseases resemble classical hallmarks of aging. Aging is thought to be driven in part by aberrant activity of developmental signaling pathways that thus might drive pathological changes, a process termed antagonistic pleiotropy or developmental drift. The developmental WNT pathway is fundamental for lung development, and altered WNT activity has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of CLD, in particular to COPD and IPF. Although to date only limited data on WNT signaling during lung aging exist, WNT signal regulation during aging and its effects on age-related pathologies in other organs have recently been investigated. In this review, we discuss evidence of dysregulated WNT signaling in CLD in the context of WNT signal alteration in organ aging and its potential impact on age-related cellular mechanisms, such as senescence or stem cell exhaustion.
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92
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Liao M, Wang J. Mechanisms of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Ageing and Targets for Hematopoietic Tumour Prevention. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1086:117-140. [PMID: 30232756 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1117-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells represent a rare population in the bone marrow, with the capacity of generating all blood lineage and themselves at the same time. With aging, the reconstitution capacity of hematopoietic stem cells decreases accompanying with differentiation skewing wherein the myeloid branch dominates in both mouse and human. In recent years, various molecular mechanisms that induce functional decline of HSC during aging were disclosed including DNA damage accumulation, metabolic alteration, defects in protein homeostasis, and aging-induced changes in the blood circulatory environment. Deciphering the nature of HSC aging could improve our knowledge of HSC aging-related diseases and furthermore promote the developing of therapeutic interventions for human HSC aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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93
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O'Callaghan C, Vassilopoulos A. Sirtuins at the crossroads of stemness, aging, and cancer. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1208-1218. [PMID: 28994177 PMCID: PMC5676072 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are stress‐responsive proteins that direct various post‐translational modifications (PTMs) and as a result, are considered to be master regulators of several cellular processes. They are known to both extend lifespan and regulate spontaneous tumor development. As both aging and cancer are associated with altered stem cell function, the possibility that the involvement of sirtuins in these events is mediated by their roles in stem cells is worthy of investigation. Research to date suggests that the individual sirtuin family members can differentially regulate embryonic, hematopoietic as well as other adult stem cells in a tissue‐ and cell type‐specific context. Sirtuin‐driven regulation of both cell differentiation and signaling pathways previously involved in stem cell maintenance has been described where downstream effectors involved determine the biological outcome. Similarly, diverse roles have been reported in cancer stem cells (CSCs), depending on the tissue of origin. This review highlights the current knowledge which places sirtuins at the intersection of stem cells, aging, and cancer. By outlining the plethora of stem cell‐related roles for individual sirtuins in various contexts, our purpose was to provide an indication of their significance in relation to cancer and aging, as well as to generate a clearer picture of their therapeutic potential. Finally, we propose future directions which will contribute to the better understanding of sirtuins, thereby further unraveling the full repertoire of sirtuin functions in both normal stem cells and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol O'Callaghan
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology Department of Radiation Oncology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA
| | - Athanassios Vassilopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology Department of Radiation Oncology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Chicago IL USA
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94
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Yu A, Dang W. Regulation of stem cell aging by SIRT1 - Linking metabolic signaling to epigenetic modifications. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:75-82. [PMID: 28392411 PMCID: PMC7951659 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, profound changes in the population and functions of adult stem cells occur with age and these changes are thought to underlie functional decline and pathophysiology at the tissue and organismal levels associated with aging. SIRT1, a member of the conserved sirtuin family, functions as an anti-aging regulator for adult stem cells. Mediated through its regulatory roles in AMPK and mTORC1 pathways as well as gene expression, SIRT1 modulate the activities of genes maintaining stem cell functions and delays cellular senescence. Further investigation of the cross-talk between SIRT1 and other longevity target genes under different physiological conditions of stem cells may help us better design intervention strategies to antagonize stem cells aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiwei Dang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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95
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Knockdown of SIRT7 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells partly via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3042. [PMID: 28880264 PMCID: PMC5636975 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase in the sirtuin family. In a previous study, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) with reduced SIRT7 activity were developed to evaluate the effect of SIRT7 on osteogenesis. SIRT7 knockdown significantly enhanced osteoblast-specific gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineral deposition in vitro. Additionally, SIRT7 knockdown upregulated β-catenin. The enhanced osteogenesis due to SIRT7 knockdown was partially rescued by a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor. Furthermore, SIRT7 knockdown hBMSCs combined with a chitosan scaffold significantly promoted bone formation in a rat tibial defect model, as determined by imaging and histological examinations. These findings suggest that SIRT7 has an essential role in osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, partly by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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96
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Abstract
Stem cell aging and exhaustion are considered important drivers of organismal aging. Age-associated declines in stem cell function are characterized by metabolic and epigenetic changes. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these changes will likely reveal novel therapeutic targets for ameliorating age-associated phenotypes and for prolonging human healthspan. Recent studies have shown that metabolism plays an important role in regulating epigenetic modifications and that this regulation dramatically affects the aging process. This review focuses on current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of stem cell aging, and the links between cellular metabolism and epigenetic regulation. In addition, we discuss how these interactions sense and respond to environmental stress in order to maintain stem cell homeostasis, and how environmental stimuli regulate stem cell function. Additionally, we highlight recent advances in the development of therapeutic strategies to rejuvenate dysfunctional aged stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotong Ren
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alejandro Ocampo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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97
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Sirt6 deficiency exacerbates podocyte injury and proteinuria through targeting Notch signaling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:413. [PMID: 28871079 PMCID: PMC5583183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a major determinant of proteinuric kidney disease and the identification of potential therapeutic targets for preventing podocyte injury has clinical importance. Here, we show that histone deacetylase Sirt6 protects against podocyte injury through epigenetic regulation of Notch signaling. Sirt6 is downregulated in renal biopsies from patients with podocytopathies and its expression correlates with glomerular filtration rate. Podocyte-specific deletion of Sirt6 exacerbates podocyte injury and proteinuria in two independent mouse models, diabetic nephropathy, and adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Sirt6 has pleiotropic protective actions in podocytes, including anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, is involved in actin cytoskeleton maintenance and promotes autophagy. Sirt6 also reduces urokinase plasminogen activator receptor expression, which is a key factor for podocyte foot process effacement and proteinuria. Mechanistically, Sirt6 inhibits Notch1 and Notch4 transcription by deacetylating histone H3K9. We propose Sirt6 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of proteinuric kidney disease. Podocytes are essential components of the renal glomerular filtration barrier and podocyte dysfunction leads to proteinuric kidney disease. Here Liu et al. show that Sirt6 protects podocytes from apoptosis and inflammation by increasing autophagic flux through inhibition of the Notch pathway.
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98
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Tian K, Chen P, Liu Z, Si S, Zhang Q, Mou Y, Han L, Wang Q, Zhou X. Sirtuin 6 inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via inactivating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61011-61024. [PMID: 28977842 PMCID: PMC5617402 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirt6 which is implicated in the control of aging, cancer, and metabolism, has been shown to have anti-fibrosis function in heart and liver. However, whether Sirt6 inhibits idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis remains elusive. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, forced expression of Sirt6 significantly abrogated TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition-like phenotype and cell behaviors in A549 cells. Additionally, activation of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and binding of Smad3-Snail1 were ameliorated by overexpression of wild-type Sirt6 but not mutant Sirt6 (H133Y) without histone deacetylase activity. Meanwhile, upregulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related transcription factors by TGF-β1 were also restored by overexpression of wild-type Sirt6 but not mutant Sirt6. Furthermore, in vivo study showed that lung targeted delivery of Sirt6 using adeno-associated virus injection blunted bleomycin-induced pulmonary epithelial to mesenchymal transition and fibrosis. Overall, our findings unravel that Sirt6 acts as a key modulator in epithelial to mesenchymal transition process, suggesting Sirt6 may be an attractive potential therapeutic target for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, USA
| | - Shutian Si
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Mou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianyong Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Han D, Zhang Y, Chen J, Hua G, Li J, Deng X, Deng X. Transcriptome analyses of differential gene expression in the bursa of Fabricius between Silky Fowl and White Leghorn. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45959. [PMID: 28406147 PMCID: PMC5390260 DOI: 10.1038/srep45959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation in Silky Fowl (SF) results in aberrant immune cell development. However, how melanocytes regulate B-cell proliferation in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) is unclear. To resolve this conundrum, we collected BFs from three-week-old SF and White Leghorn (WL) female chickens for RNA sequencing. The BF development was relatively weaker in SF than in WL. The transcriptome analyses identified 4848 differentially expressed genes, 326 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 67 microRNAs in the BF of SF. The genes associated with melanogenesis was significantly higher, but that of the genes associated with the cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and JAK-STAT signalling pathway was significantly lower in SF than in WL. Crucial biological processes, such as the receptor activity, cell communication, and cellular responses to stimuli, were clustered in SF. The predicted target lncRNAs genes were mainly associated with cell proliferation pathways such as JAK-STAT, WNT, MAPK, and Notch signalling pathways. Except for the above pathways, the target microRNA genes were related to the metabolism, melanogenesis, autophagy, and NOD-like and Toll-like receptor signalling pathways. The lncRNAs and microRNAs were predicted to regulate the JAK2, STAT3, and IL-15 genes. Thus, B-cell development in the BF of SF might be regulated and affected by noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoying Hua
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuegong Deng
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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100
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Chen T, You Y, Jiang H, Wang ZZ. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT): A biological process in the development, stem cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3261-3272. [PMID: 28079253 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lineage transition between epithelium and mesenchyme is a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), by which polarized epithelial cells lose their adhesion property and obtain mesenchymal cell phenotypes. EMT is a biological process that is often involved in embryogenesis and diseases, such as cancer invasion and metastasis. The EMT and the reverse process, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), also play important roles in stem cell differentiation and de-differentiation (or reprogramming). In this review, we will discuss current research progress of EMT in embryonic development, cellular differentiation and reprogramming, and cancer progression, all of which are representative models for researches of stem cell biology in normal and in diseases. Understanding of EMT and MET may help to identify specific markers to distinguish normal stem cells from cancer stem cells in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan You
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zack Z Wang
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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