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Gao Y, Fan S, Li H, Jiang Y, Yao X, Zhu S, Yang X, Wang R, Tian J, Gonzalez FJ, Huang M, Bi H. Constitutive androstane receptor induced-hepatomegaly and liver regeneration is partially via yes-associated protein activation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:727-37. [PMID: 33777678 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR3I1) belongs to nuclear receptor superfamily. It was reported that CAR agonist TCPOBOP induces hepatomegaly but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a potent regulator of organ size. The aim of this study is to explore the role of YAP in CAR activation-induced hepatomegaly and liver regeneration. TCPOBOP-induced CAR activation on hepatomegaly and liver regeneration was evaluated in wild-type (WT) mice, liver-specific YAP-deficient mice, and partial hepatectomy (PHx) mice. The results demonstrate that TCPOBOP can increase the liver-to-body weight ratio in wild-type mice and PHx mice. Hepatocytes enlargement around central vein (CV) area was observed, meanwhile hepatocytes proliferation was promoted as evidenced by the increased number of KI67+ cells around portal vein (PV) area. The protein levels of YAP and its downstream targets were upregulated in TCPOBOP-treated mice and YAP translocation can be induced by CAR activation. Co-immunoprecipitation results suggested a potential protein–protein interaction of CAR and YAP. However, CAR activation-induced hepatomegaly can still be observed in liver-specific YAP-deficient (Yap–/–) mice. In summary, CAR activation promotes hepatomegaly and liver regeneration partially by inducing YAP translocation and interaction with YAP signaling pathway, which provides new insights to further understand the physiological functions of CAR.
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Key Words
- ALB, albumin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ANKRD1, ankyrin repeat domain 1
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- CCNA1, cyclin A1
- CCND1, cyclin D1
- CCNE1, cyclin E1
- CITCO, 6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- CTNNB1, β-catenin
- CV, central vein
- CYR61, cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61
- Co-IP, co-immunoprecipitation
- Constitutive androstane receptor
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- FOXM1, forkhead box M1
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- H&E, haematoxylin and eosin
- Hepatomegaly
- Liver enlargement
- Liver regeneration
- Nuclear receptors
- PHx, partial hepatectomy
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha
- PV, portal vein
- Partial hepatectomy
- Protein–protein interaction
- TBA, total bile acid
- TBIL, total bilirubin
- TCPOBOP, 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene
- TEAD, TEA domain family member
- YAP, yes-associated protein
- Yes-associated protein
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Zhou Y, Fan X, Jiao T, Li W, Chen P, Jiang Y, Sun J, Chen Y, Chen P, Guan L, Wen Y, Huang M, Bi H. SIRT6 as a key event linking P53 and NRF2 counteracts APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting hepatocyte proliferation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:89-99. [PMID: 33532182 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury, and its prognosis depends on the balance between hepatocyte death and regeneration. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been reported to protect against oxidative stress-associated DNA damage. But whether SIRT6 regulates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, the protein expression of nuclear and total SIRT6 was up-regulated in mice liver at 6 and 48 h following APAP treatment, respectively. Sirt6 knockdown in AML12 cells aggravated APAP-induced hepatocyte death and oxidative stress, inhibited cell viability and proliferation, and downregulated CCNA1, CCND1 and CKD4 protein levels. Sirt6 knockdown significantly prevented APAP-induced NRF2 activation, reduced the transcriptional activities of GSTμ and NQO1 and the mRNA levels of Nrf2, Ho-1, Gstα and Gstμ. Furthermore, SIRT6 showed potential protein interaction with NRF2 as evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. Additionally, the protective effect of P53 against APAP-induced hepatocytes injury was Sirt6-dependent. The Sirt6 mRNA was significantly down-regulated in P53 -/- mice. P53 activated the transcriptional activity of SIRT6 and exerted interaction with SIRT6. Our results demonstrate that SIRT6 protects against APAP hepatotoxicity through alleviating oxidative stress and promoting hepatocyte proliferation, and provide new insights in the function of SIRT6 as a crucial docking molecule linking P53 and NRF2.
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Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- ALF, acute liver failure
- ALT, serum alanine aminotransferase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Acetaminophen
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- CCNA1, cyclin A1
- CCND1, cyclin D1
- CDK4, cyclin-dependent kinase 4
- CYP450, cytochromes P450
- Co-IP, co-immunoprecipitation
- DCF, dichlorofluorescein
- Dox, doxorubicin
- ECL, electrochemiluminescence
- GSH, glutathione
- GSTα, glutathianone S-transferase α
- GSTμ, glutathione S-transferase μ
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- H3K56ac, histone H3 Nε-acetyl-lysines 56
- H3K9ac, histone H3 Nε-acetyl-lysines 9
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- Hepatotoxicity
- KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- NAPQI, N-acetyl p-benzoquinone imine
- NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1
- NRF2
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- P53
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SIRT6
- SIRT6, sirtuin 6
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Chen JH, Zhang P, Chen WD, Li DD, Wu XQ, Deng R, Jiao L, Li X, Ji J, Feng GK, Zeng YX, Jiang JW, Zhu XF. ATM-mediated PTEN phosphorylation promotes PTEN nuclear translocation and autophagy in response to DNA-damaging agents in cancer cells. Autophagy 2016; 11:239-52. [PMID: 25701194 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1009767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), a tumor suppressor frequently mutated in human cancer, has various cytoplasmic and nuclear functions. PTEN translocates to the nucleus from the cytoplasm in response to oxidative stress. However, the mechanism and function of the translocation are not completely understood. In this study, topotecan (TPT), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and cisplatin (CDDP) were employed to induce DNA damage. The results indicate that TPT or CDDP activates ATM (ATM serine/threonine kinase), which phosphorylates PTEN at serine 113 and further regulates PTEN nuclear translocation in A549 and HeLa cells. After nuclear translocation, PTEN induces autophagy, in association with the activation of the p-JUN-SESN2/AMPK pathway, in response to TPT. These results identify PTEN phosphorylation by ATM as essential for PTEN nuclear translocation and the subsequent induction of autophagy in response to DNA damage.
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Key Words
- AKT/PKB, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog
- AMPK, protein kinase, AMP-activated
- ATG, autophagy-related
- ATM
- ATM, ATM serine/threonine kinase
- Baf.A1, bafilomycin A1
- CASP3, caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
- CCND1, cyclin D1
- CDDP, cisplatin
- CENPC/CENP-C, centromere protein C
- CITED1/p300/CBP, Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator, with Glu/Asp-rich C-terminal domain, 1
- CSNK2/CK2, casein kinase 2
- DNA damage
- DSBs, DNA double-strand breaks
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- GLTSCR2/PICT-1, glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2
- GSK3B, glycogen synthase kinase 3 β
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- H2A histone family
- H2AFX
- JUN
- MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
- MVP, major vault protein
- NC, normal control
- NEDD4, neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PMSF, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- PPase, protein phosphatase
- PTEN
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- PtdIns(3, 4, 5)P3, phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate
- RAD51, RAD51 recombinase
- RPS6KB/p70S6K
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SESN2, sestrin 2
- SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1
- TP53, tumor protein p53
- TPT, topotecan
- TUBA4A, tubulin, α, 4a
- WT, wild type
- YFP, yellow fluorescent protein
- autophagy
- jun proto-oncogene
- member X
- ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- topotecan
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hong Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Cancer Center; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
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Lin JT, Li HY, Chang NS, Lin CH, Chen YC, Lu PJ. WWOX suppresses prostate cancer cell progression through cyclin D1-mediated cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:408-16. [PMID: 25659037 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.977103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers, including prostate cancer. WWOX can induce apoptotic responses to inhibit tumor progression, and the other mechanisms of WWOX in tumor suppression have also been reported recently. In this study, we found significant down-regulation of WWOX in prostate cancer specimens and prostate cancer cell lines compared with the normal controls. In addition, an ectopically increased WWOX expression repressed tumor progression both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, overexpression of WWOX in 22Rv1 cells led to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase but did not affect sub-G1 in flow cytometry. GFP-WWOX overexpressed 22Rv1 cells were shown to inhibit cell cycle progression into mitosis under nocodazole treatment in flow cytometry, immunoblotting and GFP fluorescence. Further, cyclin D1 but not apoptosis correlated genes were down-regulated by WWOX both in vitro and in vivo. Restoration of cyclin D1 in the WWOX-overexpressed 22Rv1 cells could abolish the WWOX-mediated tumor repression. In addition, WWOX impair c-Jun-mediated cyclin D1 promoter activity. These results suggest that WWOX inhibits prostate cancer progression through negatively regulating cyclin D1 in cell cycle lead to G1 arrest. In summary, our data reveal a novel mechanism of WWOX in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Tai Lin
- a Institute of Clinical Medicine; Medical College ; National Cheng Kung University ; Tainan , Taiwan
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Abstract
The development and progression of melanoma have been attributed to independent or combined genetic and epigenetic events. There has been remarkable progress in understanding melanoma pathogenesis in terms of genetic alterations. However, recent studies have revealed a complex involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of gene expression, including methylation, chromatin modification and remodeling, and the diverse activities of non-coding RNAs. The roles of gene methylation and miRNAs have been relatively well studied in melanoma, but other studies have shown that changes in chromatin status and in the differential expression of long non-coding RNAs can lead to altered regulation of key genes. Taken together, they affect the functioning of signaling pathways that influence each other, intersect, and form networks in which local perturbations disturb the activity of the whole system. Here, we focus on how epigenetic events intertwine with these pathways and contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma.
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Key Words
- 5hmC, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
- 5mC, 5-methylcytosine
- ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme
- ANCR, anti-differentiation non-coding RNA
- ANRIL, antisense noncoding RNA in INK4 locus
- ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid
- BANCR, BRAF-activated non-coding RNA
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- BRAF, B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase
- BRG1, ATP-dependent helicase SMARCA4
- CAF-1, chromatin assembly factor-1
- CBX7, chromobox homolog 7
- CCND1, cyclin D1
- CD28, cluster of differentiation 28
- CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase
- CDKN2A/B, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B
- CHD8, chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein 8
- CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein
- CUDR, cancer upregulated drug resistant
- Cdc6, cell division cycle 6
- DNA methylation/demethylation
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- EZH2, enhancer of zeste homolog 2
- GPCRs, G-protein coupled receptors
- GSK3a, glycogen synthase kinase 3 α
- GWAS, genome-wide association study
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HOTAIR, HOX antisense intergenic RNA
- IAP, inhibitor of apoptosis
- IDH2, isocitrate dehydrogenase
- IFN, interferon, interleukin 23
- JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase
- Jak/STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription
- MAFG, v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog G
- MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MC1R, melanocortin-1 receptor
- MGMT, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
- MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor
- MITF, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
- MRE, miRNA recognition element
- MeCP2, methyl CpG binding protein 2
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NOD, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain
- PBX, pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox
- PEDF, pigment epithelium derived factor
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
- PIB5PA, phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-biphosphate 5-phosphatase A
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PRC, polycomb repressor complex
- PSF, PTB associated splicing factor
- PTB, polypyrimidine tract-binding
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RARB, retinoic acid receptor-β2
- RASSF1A, Ras association domain family 1A
- SETDB1, SET Domain, bifurcated 1
- SPRY4, Sprouty 4
- STAU1, Staufen1
- SWI/SNF, SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable
- TCR, T-cell receptor
- TET, ten eleven translocase
- TGF β, transforming growth factor β
- TINCR, tissue differentiation-inducing non-protein coding RNA
- TOR, target of rapamycin
- TP53, tumor protein 53
- TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6
- UCA1, urothelial carcinoma-associated 1
- ceRNA, competitive endogenous RNAs
- chromatin modification
- chromatin remodeling
- epigenetics
- gene regulation
- lncRNA, long ncRNA
- melanoma
- miRNA, micro RNA
- ncRNA, non-coding RNA
- ncRNAs
- p14ARF, p14 alternative reading frame
- p16INK4a, p16 inhibitor of CDK4
- pRB, retinoblastoma protein
- snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA
- α-MSHm, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone
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Affiliation(s)
- Debina Sarkar
- a Auckland Cancer Society Research Center ; University of Auckland ; Auckland , New Zealand
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Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common head and neck malignancies and exhibits regional differences in incidence. Because many fusion genes have been discovered in different types of tumors over the past few years, we aimed to investigate the existence of a fusion gene in primary NPC patients using RNA-seq. In this study, for the first time, we found that fibroblast growth factor receptor 3-transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (FGFR3-TACC3) fusion transcripts are recurrently detected in NPC. The presence of this fusion gene was also detected in head and neck cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and lung cancer. Furthermore, we found certain new isoforms of the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion transcripts, such as a gene fusion between exon 18 of FGFR3 and exon 6 or exon 14 of TACC3 and agene fusion between exon 19 of FGFR3 and exon 11 of TACC3. In addition, we showed that the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion gene promotes cell proliferation, colony formation, and transforming ability in vitro, whereas the FGFR3-TACC3 K508M mutant or treatment with the FGFR inhibitor PD173074 abrogates these effects, suggesting that FGFR3-TACC3 most likely exerts its effects through activation of FGFR kinase activity. This activation likely leads to the development of NPC. Additionally, FGFR3-TACC3 could trigger activation of the ERK and Akt signaling pathways, whereas FGFR3-TACC3 K508M mutant could not, suggesting that these 2 signaling pathways might be involved in the function of FGFR3-TACC3. Taken together, our data demonstrated the oncogenic role of FGFR3-TACC3 in vitro, indicating that FGFR3-TACC3 may be useful as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in cancers.
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Key Words
- CCND1, cyclin D1
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DTT, DL-dithiothreitol
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FGFR3, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
- FGFR3-TACC3
- LTBR, lymphotoxin β receptor
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide
- NPC
- NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PI, propidium iodide
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-PCR
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TACC3, transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3
- fusion gene
- proliferation
- tumorigenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- a State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine ; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou , China
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