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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Applications of capillary electromigration methods for separation and analysis of proteins (2017–mid 2021) – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Khan MFS, Akbar M, Wu J, Xu Z. A review on fluorescence spectroscopic analysis of water and wastewater. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2021; 10. [PMID: 34823232 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac3d79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely recognized in water environment studies. The sensitiveness, simplicity, and efficiency of fluorescence spectroscopy are proved to be a promising tool for effective monitoring of water and wastewater. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEMs) and synchronous fluorescence spectra have been widely used analysis techniques of fluorescence measurement. The presence of organic matter in water and wastewater defines the degree and type of pollution in water. The application of fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) has made the water quality assessment simple and easy. With the recent advances in this technology, components of DOM are identified by employing parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), a mathematical trilinear data modeling with EEMs. The majority of wastewater studies indicated that the fluorescence peak of EX/EM at 275 nm/340 nm is referred to tryptophan region (Peak T1). However, some researchers identified another fluorescence peak in the region of EX/EM at 225-237 nm/340-381 nm, which described the tryptophan region and labeled it as Peak T2. Generally, peak T is a protein-like component in the water sample, where T1 and T2 signals were derived from the <0.20μm fraction of pollution. Therefore, a more advanced approach, such as an online fluorescence spectrofluorometer, can be used for the online monitoring of water. The results of various waters studied by fluorescence spectroscopy indicate that changes in peak T intensity could be used for real-time wastewater quality assessment and process control of wastewater treatment works. Finally, due to its effective use in water quality assessment, the fluorescence technique is proved to be a surrogate online monitoring tool and early warning equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Saleem Khan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin City 644000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mona Akbar
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin City 644000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Xu
- International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin City 644000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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53
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Stępień EŁ, Rząca C, Moskal P. Novel biomarker and drug delivery systems for theranostics – extracellular vesicles. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2021-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano- and micro-sized double-layered membrane entities derived from most cell types and released into biological fluids. Biological properties (cell-uptake, biocompatibility), and chemical (composition, structure) or physical (size, density) characteristics make EVs a good candidate for drug delivery systems (DDS). Recent advances in the field of EVs (e.g., scaling-up production, purification) and developments of new imaging methods (total-body positron emission tomography [PET]) revealed benefits of radiolabeled EVs in diagnostic and interventional medicine as a potential DDs in theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ł. Stępień
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Carina Rząca
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Paweł Moskal
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
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A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, First-in-Human Clinical Trial to Assess Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of LY-CovMab, a Potent Human Neutralizing Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2. Infect Dis Ther 2021; 11:405-422. [PMID: 34878625 PMCID: PMC8651971 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-021-00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of a single dose of LY-CovMab in Chinese healthy adults. Methods We conducted a phase 1, randomized, dose-escalation, placebo-controlled trial in 42 volunteers, 18–45 years of age, and 40 out of 42 received a single dose of LY-CovMab or placebo with LY-CovMab at a dose of 30 mg, 150 mg, 600 mg, 1200 mg, and 2400 mg. There were ten subjects in each group receiving LY-CovMab or placebo in a 4:1 ratio with the exception that the 30 mg group had two subjects both receiving LY-CovMab. Results Among the 42 randomized participants, 40 received an injection with 32 administered LY-CovMab and 8 administered placebo. A total of 18 drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in 12 subjects (30.0%), including protein urine present (25%, 10/40) and blood creatinine increased (7.5%, 3/40). The incidence of drug-related TEAE in each dosage group was as follows: 150 mg (28.6%, 2/7), 600 mg (25%, 2/8), 1200 mg (14.3%, 1/7), 2400 mg (50%, 4/8), and placebo (37.5%, 3/8). All drug-related TEAEs were grade 1, and most of them were recovering/resolving or recovered/resolved without taking action. The serum exposure of LY-CovMab (Cmax, AUC0–last, AUC0–inf) after intravenous infusion increased in an approximately proportional manner as the dose increased from 150 to 2400 mg. The elimination half-life (t1/2) value did not differ among different dose cohorts and was estimated to be around 28.5 days. Conclusions A single dose of LY-CovMab was shown to be safe and well tolerated in Chinese healthy adults. The pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of LY-CovMab in healthy adults showed typical monoclonal antibody distribution and elimination characteristics. LY-CovMab demonstrated dose proportionality. Trial Registration ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier NCT04973735. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40121-021-00572-x.
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Yudhana A, Mukhopadhyay S, Prima ODA, Akbar SA, Nuraisyah F, Mufandi I, Fauzi KH, Nasyah NA. Multi sensor application-based for measuring the quality of human urine on first-void urine. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Dome K, Akimenko Z, Bychkov A, Kalambet Y, Lomovsky O. On the Applicability of Electrophoresis for Protein Quantification. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223971. [PMID: 34833270 PMCID: PMC8625784 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is widely used for studying proteins and protein-containing objects. However, it is employed most frequently as a qualitative method rather than a quantitative one. This paper shows the feasibility of routine digital image acquisition and mathematical processing of electropherograms for protein quantification when using vertical gel electrophoresis and Chrom & Spec software. Both the well-studied model protein molecules (bovine serum albumin) and more complex real-world protein-based products (casein-containing isolate for sports nutrition), which were subjected to mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill to obtain samples characterized by different protein denaturation degrees, were used as study objects. Protein quantification in the mechanically activated samples was carried out. The degree of destruction of individual protein was shown to be higher compared to that of the protein-containing mixture after mechanical treatment for an identical amount of time. The methodological approach used in this study can serve as guidance for other researchers who would like to use electrophoresis for protein quantification both in individual form and in protein mixtures. The findings prove that photographic imaging of gels followed by mathematical data processing can be applied for analyzing the electrophoretic data as an affordable, convenient and quick tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Dome
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.A.); (A.B.); (O.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +79-(60)-7908772
| | - Zoya Akimenko
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.A.); (A.B.); (O.L.)
| | - Aleksey Bychkov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.A.); (A.B.); (O.L.)
- Department of Business, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Oleg Lomovsky
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.A.); (A.B.); (O.L.)
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Vuckovic I, Denic A, Charlesworth MC, Šuvakov M, Bobart S, Lieske JC, Fervenza FC, Macura S. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy-Based Methods for the Quantification of Proteins in Urine. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13177-13186. [PMID: 34546699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We described several postprocessing methods to measure protein concentrations in human urine from existing 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic spectra: (1) direct spectral integration, (2) integration of NCD spectra (NCD = 1D NOESY-CPMG), (3) integration of SMolESY-filtered 1D NOESY spectra (SMolESY = Small Molecule Enhancement SpectroscopY), (4) matching protein patterns, and (5) TSP line integral and TSP linewidth. Postprocessing consists of (a) removal of the metabolite signals (demetabolization) and (b) extraction of the protein integral from the demetabolized spectra. For demetabolization, we tested subtraction of the spin-echo 1D spectrum (CPMG) from the regular 1D spectrum and low-pass filtering of 1D NOESY by its derivatives (c-SMolESY). Because of imperfections in the demetabolization, in addition to direct integration, we extracted protein integrals by the piecewise comparison of demetabolized spectra with the reference spectrum of albumin. We analyzed 42 urine samples with protein content known from the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. We found excellent correlation between the BCA assay and the demetabolized NMR integrals. We have provided conversion factors for calculating protein concentrations in mg/mL from spectral integrals in mM. Additionally, we found the trimethylsilyl propionate (TSP, NMR standard) spectral linewidth and the TSP integral to be good indicators of protein concentration. The described methods increase the information content of urine NMR metabolomics spectra by informing clinical studies of protein concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vuckovic
- Metabolomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Aleksandar Denic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | | | - Milovan Šuvakov
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Shane Bobart
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Fernando C Fervenza
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Slobodan Macura
- Metabolomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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Samoylenko A, Kögler M, Zhyvolozhnyi A, Makieieva O, Bart G, Andoh SS, Roussey M, Vainio SJ, Hiltunen J. Time-gated Raman spectroscopy and proteomics analyses of hypoxic and normoxic renal carcinoma extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19594. [PMID: 34599227 PMCID: PMC8486794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse group of small membrane-encapsulated particles involved in cell-cell communication, but the technologies to characterize EVs are still limited. Hypoxia is a typical condition in solid tumors, and cancer-derived EVs support tumor growth and invasion of tissues by tumor cells. We found that exposure of renal adenocarcinoma cells to hypoxia induced EV secretion and led to notable changes in the EV protein cargo in comparison to normoxia. Proteomics analysis showed overrepresentation of proteins involved in adhesion, such as integrins, in hypoxic EV samples. We further assessed the efficacy of time-gated Raman spectroscopy (TG-RS) and surface-enhanced time-gated Raman spectroscopy (TG-SERS) to characterize EVs. While the conventional continuous wave excitation Raman spectroscopy did not provide a notable signal, prominent signals were obtained with the TG-RS that were further enhanced in the TG-SERS. The Raman signal showed characteristic changes in the amide regions due to alteration in the chemical bonds of the EV proteins. The results illustrate that the TG-RS and the TG-SERS are promising label free technologies to study cellular impact of external stimuli, such as oxygen deficiency, on EV production, as well as differences arising from distinct EV purification protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy Samoylenko
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Martin Kögler
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 90570, Oulu, Finland
| | - Artem Zhyvolozhnyi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olha Makieieva
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Geneviève Bart
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sampson S Andoh
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Matthieu Roussey
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jussi Hiltunen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 90570, Oulu, Finland
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Quantum and carbon dots conjugated molecularly imprinted polymers as advanced nanomaterials for selective recognition of analytes in environmental, food and biomedical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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60
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Wang W, Ding S, Wang Z, Lv Q, Zhang Q. Electrochemical paper-based microfluidic device for on-line isolation of proteins and direct detection of lead in urine. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 187:113310. [PMID: 34020224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for the on-line isolation of proteins and the electrochemical detection of lead ions (Pb(II)) in urine samples. The patterned filter paper was prepared through the direct printing of microchannel patterns on filter paper using an office laser printer. The paper was modified with protein precipitant and was then coupled with a detachable three-electrode system. Experimental parameters, namely, modification reagents, microchannel length and width, deposition potential, and deposition time, were optimized. Then, the maximum protein concentration under which the device can function was obtained as 300 mg L-1. The linear range was 10-500 μg L-1 with a detection limit of 9 μg L-1. The effectiveness of this device was demonstrated through the quantification of Pb(II) in urine samples and the results agreed with those of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Shounian Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China.
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Gong C, Yuan Z, Shen L, Chang P, Liu K, Xu T, Jiang J, Chen YC, Liu T. Liquid crystal-amplified optofluidic biosensor for ultra-highly sensitive and stable protein assay. PHOTONIX 2021; 2:18. [PMID: 34806024 PMCID: PMC8397869 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-021-00041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein assays show great importance in medical research and disease diagnoses. Liquid crystals (LCs), as a branch of sensitive materials, offer promising applicability in the field of biosensing. Herein, we developed an ultrasensitive biosensor for the detection of low-concentration protein molecules, employing LC-amplified optofluidic resonators. In this design, the orientation of LCs was disturbed by immobilized protein molecules through the reduction of the vertical anchoring force from the alignment layer. A biosensing platform based on the whispering-gallery mode (WGM) from the LC-amplified optofluidic resonator was developed and explored, in which the spectral wavelength shift was monitored as the sensing parameter. The microbubble structure provided a stable and reliable WGM resonator with a high Q factor for LCs. It is demonstrated that the wall thickness of the microbubble played a key role in enhancing the sensitivity of the LC-amplified WGM microcavity. It is also found that protein molecules coated on the internal surface of microbubble led to their interactions with laser beams and the orientation transition of LCs. Both effects amplified the target information and triggered a sensitive wavelength shift in WGM spectra. A detection limit of 1 fM for bovine serum albumin (BSA) was achieved to demonstrate the high-sensitivity of our sensing platform in protein assays. Compared to the detection using a conventional polarized optical microscope (POM), the sensitivity was improved by seven orders of magnitude. Furthermore, multiple types of proteins and specific biosensing were also investigated to verify the potential of LC-amplified optofluidic resonators in the biomolecular detection. Our studies indicate that LC-amplified optofluidic resonators offer a new solution for the ultrasensitive real-time biosensing and the characterization of biomolecular interactions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43074-021-00041-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyihui Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Yize Liu
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Liang Shen
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Pengxiang Chang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Tiegen Liu
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
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Tai WC, Chang YC, Chou D, Fu LM. Lab-on-Paper Devices for Diagnosis of Human Diseases Using Urine Samples-A Review. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:260. [PMID: 34436062 PMCID: PMC8393526 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, microfluidic lab-on-paper devices have emerged as a rapid and low-cost alternative to traditional laboratory tests. Additionally, they were widely considered as a promising solution for point-of-care testing (POCT) at home or regions that lack medical infrastructure and resources. This review describes important advances in microfluidic lab-on-paper diagnostics for human health monitoring and disease diagnosis over the past five years. The review commenced by explaining the choice of paper, fabrication methods, and detection techniques to realize microfluidic lab-on-paper devices. Then, the sample pretreatment procedure used to improve the detection performance of lab-on-paper devices was introduced. Furthermore, an in-depth review of lab-on-paper devices for disease measurement based on an analysis of urine samples was presented. The review concludes with the potential challenges that the future development of commercial microfluidic lab-on-paper platforms for human disease detection would face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Tai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chi Chang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Dean Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Lung-Ming Fu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
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Han Q, Zhang Y, Jiao T, Li Q, Ding X, Zhang D, Cai G, Zhu H. Urinary sediment microRNAs can be used as potential noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis, reflecting the severity and prognosis of diabetic nephropathy. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:24. [PMID: 34193814 PMCID: PMC8245546 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with both diabetes mellitus (DM) and kidney disease could have diabetic nephropathy (DN) or non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and membranous nephropathy (MN) are the major types of NDRD. No ideal noninvasive diagnostic model exists for differentiating them. Our study sought to construct diagnostic models for these diseases and to identify noninvasive biomarkers that can reflect the severity and prognosis of DN. METHODS The diagnostic models were constructed using logistic regression analysis and were validated in an external cohort by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis method. The associations between these microRNAs and disease severity and prognosis were explored using Pearson correlation analysis, Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and log-rank tests. RESULTS Our diagnostic models showed that miR-95-3p, miR-185-5p, miR-1246, and miR-631 could serve as simple and noninvasive tools to distinguish patients with DM, DN, DM with IgAN, and DM with MN. The areas under the curve of the diagnostic models for the four diseases were 0.995, 0.863, 0.859, and 0.792, respectively. The miR-95-3p level was positively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (p < 0.001) but was negatively correlated with serum creatinine (p < 0.01), classes of glomerular lesions (p < 0.05), and scores of interstitial and vascular lesions (p < 0.05). However, the miR-631 level was positively correlated with proteinuria (p < 0.001). A low miR-95-3p level and a high miR-631 level increased the risk of progression to end-stage renal disease (p = 0.002, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS These four microRNAs could be noninvasive tools for distinguishing patients with DN and NDRD. The levels of miR-95-3p and miR-631 could reflect the severity and prognosis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Han
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Youcai Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Tingting Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Ding
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangyan Cai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China.
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Label-Free Protein Detection by Micro-Acoustic Biosensor Coupled with Electrical Field Sorting. Theoretical Study in Urine Models. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21072555. [PMID: 33917374 PMCID: PMC8038679 DOI: 10.3390/s21072555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic devices for point-of-care (POC) urine analysis (urinalysis) based on microfluidic technology have been actively developing for several decades as an alternative to laboratory based biochemical assays. Urine proteins (albumin, immunoglobulins, uromodulin, haemoglobin etc.) are important biomarkers of various pathological conditions and should be selectively detected by urinalysis sensors. The challenge is a determination of different oligomeric forms of the same protein, e.g., uromodulin, which have similar bio-chemical affinity but different physical properties. For the selective detection of different types of proteins, we propose to use a shear bulk acoustic resonator sensor with an additional electrode on the upper part of the bioliquid-filled channel for protein electric field manipulation. It causes modulation of the protein concentration over time in the near-surface region of the acoustic sensor, that allows to distinguish proteins based on their differences in diffusion coefficients (or sizes) and zeta-potentials. Moreover, in order to improve the sensitivity to density, we propose to use structured sensor interface. A numerical study of this approach for the detection of proteins was carried out using the example of albumin, immunoglobulin, and oligomeric forms of uromodulin in model urine solutions. In this contribution we prove the proposed concept with numerical studies for the detection of albumin, immunoglobulin, and oligomeric forms of uromodulin in urine models.
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Protein-templated copper nanoclusters for fluorimetric determination of human serum albumin. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:116. [PMID: 33686548 PMCID: PMC7940276 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are attractive for their unique optical properties, providing sensitive fluorescent detection of several kinds of targets even in complex matrices. Their ability in growing on suitable protein and nucleic acid templates make CuNCs efficient optical reporters to be exploited in bioanalysis. In this work, we report the specific and sensitive determination of human serum albumin (HSA) in human serum (HS) and urine via CuNCs fluorescence. HSA is the most abundant protein in plasma, and plays a key role in the early diagnosis of serious pathological conditions such as albuminuria and albuminemia. Recently, HSA has become clinically central also as a biomarker to assess severity, progression, and prognosis of various cancers. We report the controlled and reproducible growth of CuNCs directly on the target analyte, HSA, which results in a fine dose-dependent fluorescent emission at 405 nm. The protocol is optimized in water, and then applied to serum and urine specimens, without matrix pretreatment. The method linearly responds within the whole concentration of clinical interest, with a sensitivity of 1.8 ± 0.1 × 10-3 g L-1 and 0.62 ± 0.03 × 10-3 g L-1 in serum and urine, respectively, and excellent reproducibility (CVav% ca. 3% for both). The assay is designed to have a single protocol working for both matrices, with recovery of 95% (HS) and 96% (urine). The stability of the fluorescence after CuNCs formation was tested over 3 days, displaying good results (yet higher in urine than in serum).
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