Oxytrifluoromethylation of multiple bonds using copper catalyst under mild conditions

Copper-catalyzed acyltrifluoromethylation of alkenes: rapid access to trifluoroethyl indanones and related compounds

Copper-catalyzed acyltrifluoromethylation of alkenes is described, affording trifluoroethyl indanones and related cyclic ketones in promising yields with excellent diastereoselectivity.

Visible-light-induced thiotrifluoromethylation of terminal alkenes with sodium triflinate and benzenesulfonothioates

An unconventional reductive quenching cycle was developed to realize the visible-light-induced thiotrifluoromethylation of terminal alkenes.

Copper-catalysed cyanoalkylative cycloetherification of alkenes to 1,3-dihydroisobenzofurans: development and application to the synthesis of citalopram

A copper-catalysed cyanoalkylative cycloetherification of alkenes was developed. Heating a solution of substituted (2-vinylphenyl)methanol in MeCN/MeOH (v/v 7/3) in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(ii) tetrafluoroborate hydrate [Cu(BF4)2·6H2O], bathophenanthroline, K3PO4, BnOH and (tBuO)2 afforded 1,3-dihydroisobenzofurans (phthalanes) via formation of one C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) and one C(sp(3))-O bonds. A concise synthesis of citalopram, a marketed anti-depressant drug, was accomplished by applying this novel synthetic transformation.

Rhodium-Catalyzed Geminal Oxyfluorination and Oxytrifluoro-Methylation of Diazocarbonyl Compounds

A new reaction for the rhodium-catalyzed geminal-difunctionalization-based fluorination is presented. The substrates are aromatic and aliphatic diazocarbonyl compounds. As the fluorine source a stable and easily accessible benziodoxole reagent was used. A variety of alcohol, phenol, and carboxylic acid reagents were employed to introduce the second functionality. The reaction was extended to trifluoromethylation using a benziodoxolon reagent. The fluorination and trifluoromethylation reactions probably proceed by a rhodium-containing onium ylide type intermediate, which is trapped by either the F or CF3 electrophiles.

Advances in Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine Compounds

The preparation, structure, and chemistry of hypervalent iodine compounds are reviewed with emphasis on their synthetic application. Compounds of iodine possess reactivity similar to that of transition metals, but have the advantage of environmental sustainability and efficient utilization of natural resources. These compounds are widely used in organic synthesis as selective oxidants and environmentally friendly reagents. Synthetic uses of hypervalent iodine reagents in halogenation reactions, various oxidations, rearrangements, aminations, C-C bond-forming reactions, and transition metal-catalyzed reactions are summarized and discussed. Recent discovery of hypervalent catalytic systems and recyclable reagents, and the development of new enantioselective reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine compounds represent a particularly important achievement in the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry. One of the goals of this Review is to attract the attention of the scientific community as to the benefits of using hypervalent iodine compounds as an environmentally sustainable alternative to heavy metals.

Copper-catalyzed aminotrifluoromethylation of alkenes: a facile synthesis of CF3-containing lactams

Copper-catalyzed aminotrifluoromethylation of alkenes has been achieved using amides as nucleophiles to provide valuable CF₃-containing lactams in good yields under mild conditions.

Copper-catalyzed oxidative carbon–heteroatom bond formation: a recent update

This review updates recent advances in Cu-catalyzed (anaerobic) oxidative carbon–heteroatom bond formation on sp³- and sp²-C–H bonds as well as alkenes, classified according to the types of stoichiometric oxidants.

Product Control in Alkene Trifluoromethylation: Hydrotrifluoromethylation, Vinylic Trifluoromethylation, and Iodotrifluoromethylation using Togni Reagent

Hydrotrifluoromethylation, vinylic trifluoromethylation, and iodotrifluoromethylation of simple alkenes have been achieved by using Togni reagent in the absence of any transition metal catalyst. These reactions were readily controllable by selection of appropriate salts and solvents. The addition of K2CO3 afforded the hydrotrifluoromethylation product, with DMF acting not only as a solvent, but also as the hydrogen source. In contrast, the use of tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (TBAI) in 1,4-dioxane resulted in vinylic trifluoromethylation, while the use of KI afforded the iodotrifluoromethylation product. The vinylic trifluoromethylation product was obtained by treatment of the iodotrifluoromethylation product with ammonium 2-iodobenzoate, indicating that it was formed through an elimination reaction of the in-situ-generated iodotrifluoromethylation product, and the solubility of the resulting 2-iodobenzoate salt plays a key role in the product switching. A radical-clock experiment showed that these reactions proceed via radical intermediates.

Catalytic Intramolecular Aminofluorination, Oxyfluorination, and Carbofluorination with a Stable and Versatile Hypervalent Fluoroiodine Reagent

Application of a fluoroiodine analogue of the Togni reagent was studied in fluorocyclization reactions. In the presence of a transition-metal catalyst the applied fluoroiodine reagent can be used for aminofluorination, oxyfluorination, and carbofluorination reactions. The described procedure has a very broad synthetic scope for preparation of functionalized hetero- and isocyclic compounds having a tertiary fluorine substituent.

Recent advances in trifluoromethylation of organic compounds using Umemoto's reagents

The incorporation of fluorine-containing moieties into organic compounds is of great importance in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and materials science. Within these organofluorides, the trifluoromethyl group is one of the most important motifs. In recent years, the trifluoromethyl group has attracted more and more attention, and many trifluoromethylated compounds have been found to possess special activities. However, until now, only a few methods have been developed to achieve this efficiently using Umemoto's reagents. This review highlights recent developments in the direct introduction of a trifluoromethyl group into organic compounds with Umemoto's reagents. Seven approaches to the trifluoromethylation of organic compounds are summarized: (i) trifluoromethylation of arenes, (ii) trifluoromethylation of alkenes, (iii) trifluoromethylation of terminal alkynes, (iv) deoxygenative trifluoromethylation of benzylic xanthates, (v) trifluoromethylation of ketoesters, (vi) trifluoromethylation of aryl boronic acids and aromatic amines (synthesis of ArCF3) and (vii) trifluoromethylation of biphenyl isocyanide derivatives.

The copper-catalyzed synthesis of β-trifluoromethylated acrylonitriles and trifluoromethyl-substituted 2H-azirines

The direct assembly of acrylonitriles and valuable 2H-azirines from readily available starting materials is described.

Copper(i)-photocatalyzed trifluoromethylation of alkenes

Using the photoreducible Cu^II precatalyst 2, trifluoromethylation of terminal alkenes can be conducted at low copper loading on exposing the reaction mixture to sunlight/ambient light.

Light-mediated cascade transformation of activated alkenes: BiOBr nanosheets as efficient photocatalysts for the synthesis of α-aryl-β-trifluoromethyl amides

A facile light induced, BiOBr nanosheet promoted one-pot consecutive trifluoromethylation/aryl migration/desulfonylation and N–H bond formation of activated alkenes is proposed.

Copper-catalyzed difunctionalization of activated alkynes by radical oxidation-tandem cyclization/dearomatization to synthesize 3-trifluoromethyl spiro[4.5]trienones

A copper-catalyzed difunctionalizing trifluoromethylation of activated alkynes with the cheap reagent sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate (NaSO2CF3 or Langlois' reagent) has been developed incorporating a tandem cyclization/dearomatization process. This strategy affords a straightforward route to synthesis of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-spiro[4.5]trienones, and presents an example of difunctionalization of alkynes for simultaneous formation of two carbon-carbon single bonds and one carbon-oxygen double bond.

Recent progress in direct introduction of fluorinated groups on alkenes and alkynes by means of C-H bond functionalization

The direct introduction of fluorine and fluorinated building blocks has recently attracted a lot of attention and particularly the direct functionalization of alkenes and alkynes. This review will highlight the major progress recently made in that field, with a focus on photocatalyzed transformations, base-promoted processes, and transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of alkenes and alkynes. Special attention will be paid to explanations of the reaction mechanisms.